SCHOFIELD, John ~Icallister, Soldier, B

Home , Army of the Frontier, Nathaniel Lyon

SCHOFIELD, John ~IcAllister, soldier, b. in Chautanqna county, N. Y., 29 Sept., 1831. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1853, in the same class with Philip H. Sherida.n, Ja.mes B. McPherson, and John B. Hood. He was assigned to the 1st regi ment of artil lery and served in garrison in South Carolina and Florida in 1853-'5, and as assistant' pro fessor of natu ra.l philosophy at the U. S. military acade my in 1855-'60, being commis sioned 1st lieu tenant, 31 Aug., 1855, and cap tain, 14 May, • z--T~ 1861. On his ,/ / departlll'e from ~ 'vVest Puint in 1860 he obtained loove of absence and filled the chair of professor of physics at'vYashington uni versity, St. Louis, ,Mo., until April, 1861. At the opening of the civil war he entered the volunteer service as major of the 1st Missouri volunteers, 26 April, 1861, and was appointed chief of staff to Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, with whom he served during his campaign in Missolll'i, including the battle of Wilson's Creek, in which Lyon was killed. He was appointed brigadier-genera.! of volunteers, 21 Nov., 1861, and a few days later brigadier-general of Mis souri militia, and he was in command of the latter from November, 1861, till November, 1862, and of the Army of the Frontier and the district of south west Missonri from that date to April, 1863. He was appointed ma,jor-general of volnnteers, 29 Nov., 1862, and from May, 1863, till February, 1864, was in command of the Department of the Missoll\'i. Be was then assigned to the command of the Depart ment and Army of the Ohio, and in April, 1864, joiJled the fOl'ces that were collecting near Chatta nooga under Gen. 'vVilliam T. Sherman for the inva sion of Georgia. He took part in the Atlanta cam paign, being engaged at the ba.ttles of Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Monntain, and Atlanta. 'vYhen Sherman left Atlanta on his IlHtl'ch to the sea, Schofield, with the 23d B,rInY corps, was ordered ba.ck to Tennes see to forlD part of the army that was then bei ng organized under Gen. George H. Thomas to resist Hood's invasion of Tennessee. Schofield retreated skilfully before the superior forces of Hood, in flicted Ii severe check upon him in a sharp battle a.t Fra.llldin, 30 Nov., 1864, and joined Thomas at Nashville, 1 Dec., 1864. For his services at the bat tle of Fra.nklin he was made brigadier-general amI brevet major-general in the regular arm)'. He took part in the battle of Nashville and the subse :he quent pursuit of Hood's army. In January, 1865, of he was detached from Thomas's command and sent 'se with the 23d army corps by mil to Washington, vir: and thence by transports to the mouth of Cape ,its Fear river, the entire movement of 15,000 men with ,el their artillery and baggage over a distance of 1,800 he miles being accomplished in seventeen days. He ng was assigned to the command of the Department ,nt of North Carolina on 9 Feb., 1865, captured Wil Jrk mington on 22 Feb., was engaged in the battle of )n Kinston, 8-10 March, and joined Sherman at Golds on. boro' on 22 March. He was present at the surrender in of Johnston's army on 26 April, and was charged \'RS with the execution of the details of the capitula in tion. In June, 1865, he was sent to .Europe on a spe B. cial mission from the state department in regard Led to the Prench intervention in Mexico, and he re gi mained until May, 1866. In August he was as til signed to the command of the Department of the 'ed Potomac, with headquarters at Richmond. He was in in charge of the 1st military district (the state of na Virginia) from March, 1867, til! May, 1868. Gen. in Schofield succeeded .Edwin M. Stanton a.s secrebwy as of war, 2 J nne, 1868, and remained in that office un ro til the close of Johnson's administration, and under tu Grant llntil12lVlarch, 1869, when he was appointed ,hy major-general in the U. S. army and ordered to the S. Depa.rtment of the Missouri. He was in command :le of the Division of the Pacific from 1870 till 1876 60, I1nd again in 1882 and 1883, superintendent of the lis U. S. military academy from 1876 till 1881, and in m command of the Division of the Missouri from 1883 'g., till 1886, when he took charge of the Division of 1p the Atlantic. He is at present (1888) the senior a,y, major-general of the U. S. army, and, under exist his ing laws, will be retired, on reaching the-age of six )m ty-four, in 1895. He was president of the board in that adopted the present tactics for the army (1870), ,he went on a special mission to the Hawaiian isla.nds ni in 1873, and was president of the board of inquiry ,he on the case of Fitz-John Porter in 1878.

~585 .. (Born N. Y.) ....JOHN M. SCHOFIELD ...... (Ap'd IlL) .. 7 Military History.- Cadet at the U. S. Militfl.ry Academy from July 1, 1849, to July 1, 1853, when he was gn\dul\ted and promoted in the Army to BVT. SECOXD LIEUT. OF ARTILLERY, JULY 1, 1853. Served: in garrison at Ft. Moultrie, S. C., 1853; in Florid,\, 1854-55; at the (SECOND LIEUT., 1ST AR'rILLERY, AUG. 31, 1853) Military Academy, 1855- 56, as Asst. Professor of Natural and Experimental (FIRST LIEu'!'.• 1ST ARTrLLEllY, AUG. 31, 1855) Philosophy, Nov. 19, 1855, t{) Sep. 30, 1856,-and Principal Asst. Professor, Sep. 30, 1856, to Aug. 28, 1860; and on le,we of absence, 1860-61, during which time he became Professor of Physics in Washington Univerity,lt St, Louis, Mo. Served during the Rebellion of the Seceding St.\tes, 1861- 66: as Mns .tering Officer for the State of Missouri, Apr. 20 to May 20, 1861; in Opel'll.tions (MAJOR, 1ST MISSOURI VOLUNTEERS, APR. 26, 1861: ARTILLERY, AUG. 19, 1861) (CAPTAIN, 11TH INFANTRY, MAY 14, 1861: DECLINED) (CAPTAIN, Is'£ ARTILLERY, MAY 14, 1861) in }Iissouri, May 25-Nov. 27, 1861 (Chief of Staff of Geneml Lyon, Ml\y 25 to Aug. 10, 1861), being engaged in the Action of Dug HpI'ing, Aug. 2,-8kir mish at CUlTan Post-office, Aug. 3-4, 1861, - Battle of Wilson's Creek, Aug. 10, 1861,-and Action of Fl'edericktOWII, Oct. 21, 1861; in command of the Militia (BRlG.-GENERAL, U. S. VOLUNTEERS, Nov. 21,1861) (BRIG.-GENERAL, MISSOURI MILITIA, Nov. 26, 1861) u. S. MILITARY ACADEMY. 339

NU){IlER. 1853. CLASS RANK. of Missouri, Nov. 27, Hi6l, to Nov., 1862,-of the District of St. Louis, Mo. , Feb. 15 to Sep. 26, 186:3, - and of the" Army of the Frontier," and District of South-west Missouri, Oct. 12, 1862, to April, 1863; as member of Army and (MAJOR-GEl!ERAL, U. S. VOLUNTEERS, Nov. 29, 1862) Navy Bonrd, to examine the condition nnd fitness of the Mississippi Gun and Mort.ar-boat Flotilla, Dec. 9-J1, 1861; in command of 3d Division, 14th Army Corps (Army of the Cumberland), Apr. 20 to May l a, 1863, - of Department of the lVlissonri (ex-officio Major-Geneml commanding Missouri State Militia), May 13, 1863, to Jan., 1864,-anc1 Department and Army of the Ohio, Feb. 9, 1864, to Jau. 29, 1865; in the Invasion of Georgia, in command of the Army of the Ohio, May :J to Sep. 7, 1864, being engaged in the Demonstrations on Buzzard's Roost, May 8- 10, 1864,-Battle of Resaca, ~lt\y 14-15, 1864,-Bat Ue of Dallas, l\'by 25- 28, 1864,-Movement against Lost Mountain, with numerous severe engagements, Ml\y 28 to June 18, lS6!,-AcLion of Kulp's P,;rm, June 22, 186!,-Battle of Kenesilw Mountain, June 27- July 2, IS(H, Passage of the Chattahoochee River. July 8, 186!,-Operations in front of At lantn, July 19- 22, 1804, - Ba.ttle of Atlant", July 2Arkansas. driving the Confederates south of the Arkansas river, having been made major-general of volunteers on Nov. 29, r862. For about one month, April 20 to May 13, r863, Gen. Schofield commanded the 3d division of the 14th army corps, but was assigned to the command of the Department of the Missouri, and retained it until Jan. 3r, r864, sending troops to assist Gen. Grant in the capture of Vicksburg, operating successfully to obtain pos session of the line of the Arkansas river, and clearing the state of guerrilla and border war. vVith the Army of the Ohio, of which he was in command, he took part in all the battles and operations of the entire Atlanta campaign, viz., the demonstration at Buzzard Roost gap, the battles of Resaca and Dallas, the movement against and engagements near Lost mountain, the action of Kolb's farm, the battle of Kennesaw mountain, the passage of the Chattahoochee, and the battles near and siege of Atlanta, ending in the capture of that city on Sept. 2, 1864. In October Gen. Schofield was sent by Gen. Sherman to the assistance of Gen. George H. Thomas in Tennessee, commanding the troops in the field opposed to Gen. Hood from Nov. 3 till Dec. 1. Falling back from Pulaski to Columbia, skirmishing, and from the latter place to Spring Hill, he finally gave battle at Franklin on Nov. 30. He also participated in the battle of Nashville, which terminated the campaign, on Dec. IS and 16, and was engaged in the pursuit of Hood's army until Jan. 14, 186S. His commission of brigadier-general in the U. S. army was dated from the battle of Franklin, and on March 13, 1865, he also received the rank of brevet major-general, U. S. A ., for "gallant and meritorious services" in the same battle. Gen. Schofield then operated with Gen. Sherman in the final campaign against Gen. Johnston, and after the surrender he remained in command of the Department of North Carolina until June 21. After the war he visited Europe on a special mission, rela tive to the occupation of Mexico by French troops. From Aug. 16, 1866, till June, 1868, he was in command first of the Department of the Potomac, and then of the 1st military district of Virginia, as confirmed under the reconstruction laws. On June 2, 1868, he was ap pointed secretary of war by President Johnson, retaining the office under President Grant until March 14, 1869, and on March 4 of the same year he was made major-general in the regular army. From March 20, 1869, till May 3, 1870, he was in command of the Depart ment of the Missouri, and from the last date to July, 1876, of the Di vision of the Pacific. Then until Jan. 21, 1881, he was superintendent of the military academy at V.,r est Point. and commander of the De partment of West Point. For a few months thereafter he command ed the Division of the Gulf, but on Oct. 15, 1882, he again command ed the Division of the Pacific, and on Nov. 8, 1883, he succeeded Gen. Sheridan in command of the Division of the Missouri, with head quarters at Chicago. Ill. From April 2, 1886, he commanded the Di vision of the Atlantic. and on Aug. 14. I&Q8. on the death of Gen. Sheridan, was assigned by President Cleveland to command the U. S. army, with headquarters at Washington, D. C. He occupied this po sition until Sept. 29. 1895, when he was retired from the service, the rank of lieutenant-general having been conferred upon him on Feb. 5 of that year. Gen. Schofield died of cerebral hemorrhage at St. Aug ustine. Fla., on March 4. I906. ~bofield, John M.* [Born in N. Y. Appointed from lll.] Brevet 2nd Lieut. 2nd Artillery, 1 July, 1853. 2nd Li.t.1st Artillery,81 Aug, 1853. 1st Lieut., 3 March, 1855. Major 1st Mo. Vols., 26 April, ] 861. Captain 1st Artillery, 14 May, 1861. Captain 11th Infantry, 14 May, 1861, declined. Major 1st Mo. Artillery, 26 June, 1861. Brigadier Gen!. Vols., 21 Nov., 1861. Major Gen!. Vols, 29 Nov., 1862. Expired by constitutional limitation, 4 March, 1863. Brigadier GenL Vols., 4 March,1863. Major Genl. Vols., 12 May, 1863, to rank from 29 Nov.,1862. Brigadier Genl. U. S. A.,30 Nov.,1864. Brevet Major GenL, 13 lrlarch, 1865, for ~allant and meritorious service in the Battle or Franklin, Tenn. Mustered out ot Volunteer service, 1 Sept., 1866. ~iajor Gelll. U. S. A., 4 March, 1869.