Polonia În Portrete

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Polonia În Portrete 1 Alexandru G. ŞERBAN POLONIA ÎN PORTRETE - o istorie politică - volumul I Portretele celor şapte personaje PERFORMANTICA 2 3 POLONIA ÎN PORTRETE - o istorie politică - GRUPAREA PERSONALITĂŢILOR PE CLASE: A. SALVATORII: 1. Wojciech Jaruzelski 2. Lech Wałesa 3. Tadeusz Mazowiecki 4. Leszek Henryk Balcerowicz B. DIPLOMAŢII: 1. Meller Stefan * 2. Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz 3. Aleksander Kwaśniewski C. FINANŢIŞTII: 1. Marek Belka D. MEFISTOFELICII: 1. Lech Kaczyński 2. Jarosław Kaczyński 3. Antoni Macierewicz 4. Zbigniew Wassermann E. JUDECĂTORII INFERNULUI: 1. Zbigniew Ziobro 2. Marek Jurek 3. Janusz Kaczmarek F. DASCĂLII: 1. Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz 2. Bronisław Geremek* 3. Bartoszewski Wladysław 4. Onyszkiewicz Janusz 5. Jerzy Buzek 6. Bronisław Komorowski G. POLIT-ECONOMIŞTII: 1. Leszek Miller 2. Andrzej Olechowski 3. Waldemar Pawlak 4. Józef Oleksy 5. Jan Krzysztof Bielecki H. ZIARIŞTII: 1. Adam Michnik 2. Jerzy Urban 3. Janusz Korwin-Mikke 4 I. SACRIFICAŢII: 1. Jan Olszewski 2. Marek Borowski 3. Wladysław Frasyniuk J. CRUCIAŢII: 1. Andrzej Lepper 2. Roman Giertych 3. Maciej Giertych K. MARIONETELE: 1. Wojciech Olejniczak 2. Ludwik Dorn L. IEPURAŞII: 1. Donald Tusk 2. Jan Maria Rokita M. FARISEII: 1. Tadeusz Rydzyk – Părintele Radio Maryja 5 VOLUMUL I S U M A R Prefaţa 1: Un român îndrăgostit de Polonia, pag.6-7; Prefaţa 2.: Un observator perspicace, pag. 8-10; Capitolul I: Salvatorii Patriei Portretul nr. 1. Wojciech Jaruzelski, pag.11-31; Portretul nr. 2. Lech Wałęsa, pag. 32-81; Portretul nr. 3. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, pag. 82-103; Portretul nr. 4. Leszek Balcerowicz, pag.104-155; Capitolul II: Iepuraşii Portretul nr. 1. Donald Tusk, pag. 156-216; Capitolul III:Fariseii Portretul nr. 1. Tadeusz Rydzyk, pag. 217-241; Capitolul IV: Ziariştii Portretul nr. 1. Adam Michnik, pag. 242-259; Glosar: personalităţi şi denumiri, pag. 260-296. 6 Prefaţa 1. Un român îndrăgostit de Polonia Este atât de greu să prevedem care sunt drumurile noastre deja scrise undeva. Unii susţin că zilele noastre viitoare sunt înscrise în astre, alţii, că Dumnezeul Atotputernic are, pentru fiecare dintre noi, un plan şi ne pregăteşte misiunile corespunzătoare de executat în acest paradis terestru. Astfel, ori în alt chip, noi facem zilnic alegeri de viaţă, punem fruntea în contra adversităţilor destinului şi ne înscriem în istoria proprie, a familiei noastre, a Ţării noastre. De asemeni, mă gândesc aici la opţiunile noastre personale, ca şi la cele politice. Eu, ca rezultat al experienţei mele şi al capacităţilor personale m-am aflat într-un loc, care mi se părea completamente străin. Toată viaţa mea de până acum mi-am petrecut-o în Polonia, iar ca urmare a problemelor profesionale, m-am transferat în România. Cât de mare a fost uimirea mea, când am văzut cu propriii ochi această Ţară, atât de minunată geografic, cu locuitori atât de prietenoşi şi de binevoitori. În Ţara mea se mai perindă atâtea stereotipuri referitoare la aproape fiecare locuitor al Europei, într-asta şi la români. Asta se petrece ,pentru că atâţia ani am trăit alături, dar condiţiile politice nu ne-au permis să ne cunoaştem. Din fericire, am ajuns să trăim în vremuri în care, sub ochii noştri, s-au desfăşurat schimbări istorice, iar unii dintre noi am participat activ la ele şi prin acţiunile noastre am contribuit la deschiderea graniţelor în Europa. Pentru că, noi toţi laolaltă, polonezi sau români, am doborât comunismul şi am început o nouă epocă în istoria Europei. Tocmai mulţumită acestor fapte a fost posibilă întâlnirea mea cu România, cu istoria sa şi cu minunata sa cultură, dar şi cu românii, care sunt viu interesaţi de evenimentele din întreaga Europă, prin aceasta şi din Polonia. Doar ei ştiu perfect că nu mai sunt o existenţă statală autarhică, pentru că aparţin Uniunii Europene şi îşi dau seama de faptul că multe evenimente, aparent din locuri îndepărtate pot şi chiar au influenţă asupra vieţii lor. Nu fiecare dintre noi are ocazia să cunoască văzând cu propriii ochi alţi locuitori ai Europei unite. Motivele pot fi diverse – familiale, profesionale, economice, şamd. Din fericire, există şi oameni care reuşesc să ne apropie cultura, istoria şi faptele altui popor. Dintre aceşti oameni face parte cu siguranţă şi prietenul meu, profesorul Aleksander Şerban, pe care mi-a fost dat să-l cunosc aici în Moldova şi care a contribuit mult la atracţia mea pentru România. Domnul profesor m-a captivat prin faptul că ştie perfect limba polonă, pe care a învăţat-o singur şi scrie cărţi despre Ţara mea. Pe lângă acestea, este un adevărat patriot, ceea ce se simte în această carte, 7 pentru că, deşi scrie despre polonezi, toate sunt adresate, înainte de orice, românilor, compatrioţilor săi, cărora încearcă să le aducă aproape altă cale de transformare, alte viziuni asupra unor probleme sociale şi politice asemănătoare, sau, finalmente, alte fundamente morale. Cartea cu titlul”Polonia în portrete” atinge perioada transformării politice a Poloniei şi nu numai. Pentru că autorul nu descrie fapte goale, plicticoase sau meandrele încurcate ale politicii, ci se concentrează asupra caracterizării unor figuri care s-au manifestat în politica poloneză în ultimii 30 de ani. Prin ele, ne arată schimbările petrecute în societatea şi în politica poloneză. Ce mi se pare mai important este că se referă la complicata istorie a Poloniei prin descrierea faptelor acestor persoane sau a membrilor familiilor lor. Trebuie să recunosc faptul că aceasta este o excepţională idee de a apropia de cititor oameni, pe care noi îi cunoaştem de pe ecranele televizoarelor şi de a-i arăta din altă direcţie, ca obişnuiţi mâncători de pâine, având adesea probleme familiale, de sănătate, profesionale, şamd. Informaţiile suplimentare, venite de fapt ca un sol fundamental, permit cititorului să se orienteze în dinamica schimbărilor din politica poloneză din ultimii ani şi în modul în care se schimbă societatea poloneză. Fie ca toţi românii să se folosească de această lecţie de istorie, pentru ca să- şi construiască propria democraţie, fără convingerea că în politică învinge nu cel care are dreptate, ci cel care este mai inteligent. Medicamentul pentru acesta este în mod sigur o societate conştientă. Îi mulţumesc foarte mult Domnului profesor pentru această fantastică lecţie de democraţie . Roman, la 26 octombrie 2008 Dariusz Wojtkowski, 8 Prefaţa 2 Un observator perspicace: Cartea autorului prof. Alexandru Şerban îi luminează cititorului o serie întreagă de probleme ale istoriei poloneze din ultimii câţiva zeci de ani. Prin portretizarea figurilor esenţiale ale scenei politice poloneze, dintre care fiecare şi-a adus şi în continuare îşi aduce contribuţia concretă la situaţia din Ţară, putem urmări schimbările care s-au petrecut în Polonia, începând cu anii *8o ai sec. XX şi până în clipa de faţă. Este o foarte interesantă perioadă de timp, a cărei apreciere şi comentarii trezesc multe emoţii. Printre persoanele portretizate s-au aflat: Wojciech Jaruzelski – ultimul conducător socialist al Poloniei; Lech Wałęsa, fondatorul Sindicatului Solidaritatea, prin care s-a înfăptuit doborârea comunismului în Polonia, iar, ulterior, şi în alte ţări ale Europei Răsăritene; Tadeusz Mazowiecki, activist din Opoziţie şi primul Premier în Polonia liberă; Leszek Balcerowicz, economistul care a înfăptuit în Ţară măsuri economice esenţiale şi inconfundabile; Adam Michnik, activist al Opoziţiei şi redactor şef al uneia dintre cele mai mari publicaţii din Polonia; Donald Tusk, activist al Opoziţiei, a fost în fruntea unor partide politice, iar acum este Premier; Tadeusz Rydzyk, cleric din Toruń, fondatorul unui Radio, al unui Ziar şi al unei Televiziuni catolice. România şi Polonia sunt azi despărţite de Ucraina, dar în perioada dintre I-ul şi al II-lea Război Mondial ele aveau graniţă comună. În Polonia, chiar şi azi se aminteşte de faptul istoric din toamna anului 1939, când, după ce Ţara a fost atacată de Germania şi de Uniunea Sovietică, zeci de mii de polonezi ameninţaţi de înfricoşătoarea primejdie au fugit tocmai în România şi au găsit aici adăpost. De altfel, nu numai cetăţenii obişnuiţi, dar şi Puterea şi Tezaurul polonez şi multe instituţii au fost evacuate pe teritoriul României. După Război şi după modificarea graniţelor, România şi Polonia nu mai aveau aşa de multe în comun, ne-luând în calcul, fireşte, regimul socialist introdus cu forţa. Din fericire, acest regim nu a durat veşnic, iar schimbările 9 începute în Polonia s-au răspândit în toate ţările Blocului socialist. Acestea au apropiat din nou, într-un sens oarecare, Polonia şi România. Doar ambele ţări au străbătut drumul greu până la doborârea comunismului. Şi România a trecut prin a sa “ primăvară a popoarelor”. Se ştie cât de dramatic s-a desfăşurat aici schimbarea regimului. Autorul cărţii împleteşte în chip delicat, fin, fapte din istoia României cu descrisa istorie politică a Poloniei, asfel ca cititorul să vadă cum s-au rezolvat în Polonia şi cum - în România, problemele politice, în cele mai grele şi mai dramatice ceasuri ale prăbuşirii regimului socialist. Rezolvările poloneze, care însoţesc timpurile căderii comunismului, sunt prezentate ca fiind mai liniştite, decât cele din perioada analoagă din România. Acesta este principalul atu al cărţii: să-i povesteşti cititorului român despre istoria poloneză a utimelor,aproape trei, decade, iar acesta să le poată compara cu istoria românească. Autorul are părerea sa proprie în problemele politicii poloneze şi este un observator pătrunzător, perspicace, al vieţii politice din Polonia; dânsul îşi formează opinia pe baza unor titluri de mare preţuire din Presa poloneză, cât şi pe baza unor informaţii din surse independente. Este de mare valoare faptul că, în opiniile sale, dânsul nu dă glas prejudecăţilor ce se pot întâlni în Polonia, deîndată ce se pune în dezbatere o temă politică. Profesorul Alexandru Şerban locuieşte în România şi priveşte politica poloneză cu ochii spectatorului aflat la o distanţă sigură şi care îi garantează independenţa opiniilor. Mulţumită acestui fapt, comentariile din carte pe tema politicienilor şi a chestiunilor descrise sunt unice – pur şi simplu ele provin direct de la autor, nu sunt repetate după altcineva.
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