Granting the Nobel Prize to the European Union Is in Violation of Alfred Nobel’S Will
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To Read a PDF-Chapter About Robert and Ludvig
172 robert & lu dvig obert’s intention in 1876 was to found his own firm, Robert Nobel & Co., and for that he needed Ludvig’s technical advice and continued financial support. In 1875 he travelled to St. Petersburg to discuss the further development of the businessR with his brother, to whom he had earlier sent detailed calculations of the costs of constructing oil reservoirs, water pipes and more besides for a total sum of 50,000 roubles. Robert was not counting on any profit for 1875 but already the following year the firm should be “a considerable business”, in the course of a few years becoming “one of the most splendid in the country.” It was the third time that Robert had travelled to the capital to brief Ludvig and to discuss the future with him. One reason why he decided to make the arduous journey was the slow postal service. During the summer half of the year it took two weeks for a letter to arrive, during the winter, six. As the letters moreover often crossed each other, exchange of views as well as decision-making was rendered more difficult. Since during the summer months “only 6 ideas can be exchanged and during the remaining 6 winter months only 3, making a total of 9 for the year” Robert was some- times forced to act without asking Ludvig for advice, which he regretted. Nine ideas a year was naturally starvation rations for individuals with the Nobel brothers’ propeller-driven intellect. That Robert, during this visit, finally succeeded in convincing Ludvig of the potential of his project emerges from a letter which Ludvig wrote to Alfred after Robert’s departure and in which he urged Alfred to join in the oil business: Robert has returned to Baku after his trip to the East coast and has found excellent naphtha at a depth of 10 fathoms on the island of Chelek. -
Alfred Nobel and His Prizes: from Dynamite to DNA
Open Access Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal NOBEL PRIZE RETROSPECTIVE AFTER 115 YEARS Alfred Nobel and His Prizes: From Dynamite to DNA Marshall A. Lichtman, M.D.* Department of Medicine and the James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA ABSTRACT Alfred Nobel was one of the most successful chemists, inventors, entrepreneurs, and businessmen of the late nineteenth century. In a decision later in life, he rewrote his will to leave virtually all his fortune to establish prizes for persons of any nationality who made the most compelling achievement for the benefit of mankind in the fields of chemistry, physics, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace among nations. The prizes were first awarded in 1901, five years after his death. In considering his choice of prizes, it may be pertinent that he used the principles of chemistry and physics in his inventions and he had a lifelong devotion to science, he suffered and died from severe coronary and cerebral atherosclerosis, and he was a bibliophile, an author, and mingled with the literati of Paris. His interest in harmony among nations may have derived from the effects of the applications of his inventions in warfare (“merchant of death”) and his friendship with a leader in the movement to bring peace to nations of Europe. After some controversy, including Nobel’s citizenship, the mechanisms to choose the laureates and make four of the awards were developed by a foundation established in Stockholm; the choice of the laureate for promoting harmony among nations was assigned to the Norwegian Storting, another controversy. -
Nobel Brothers’ “ Life
European Scientific Journal December 2013 /SPECIAL/ edition vol.2 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 THE ROLE OF AZERBAIJAN OIL IN “ NOBEL BROTHERS’ “ LIFE Tarana Mirzayeva, Doctorant Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences / Azerbaijan Republic, Baku Abstract The detailed information was given about the famous “Nobel Brothers” who invested capital to having fertile oil reserves Azerbaijan in XIX century in the text. As it is known,possessing oil deposit of Azerbaijan attracted the attention of foreign investors. The investors became the oil magnats of the periods thanks to Azerbaijan oil getting a large amount of oil capitals. One of such oil magnats was “Nobel Brothers” by origin Swiss. The Nobels were four brothers. Emil, Ludvig, Robert and Alfred Nobel. In 1875 the Nobels founded their own company buying a little area,and then turned this company to the “Nobel Brothers Oil Production Society” company in 18 may 1879. The activities of company involved almost all spheres of oil industry:oil research, production, refining, transportation etc. “Nobel Brothers” got leadership for developing of oil industry in Baku thanks to strong competition. Especially, in Russian bazaar they possessed representatives and depots for the purpose of transportation of much needed gas field in some cities of Russia(Charchin, Saratov, Babrusk, Nizhny-Novgorod, Perm etc.), as well as, in various Europe cities (Geneva, Hamburg, London and Manchester etc.) “Nobel Brothers” worked for achieving significant success in all directions of oil business consulting with outstanding oil-chemists scientists (D.I.Mendeleyev, K.I.Lisenko, L.Q.Qurvich and engineers A.V.Bari, V.Q.Shuchov and others). -
Nobel Prize Roots in Russia
Nobel Prize roots in Russia Tatiana Antipova [ 0000-0002- 0872-4965] Institute of Certified Specialists, Perm, Russia https://doi.org/10.33847/2712-8148.1.1_4 Abstract. The scientist who does not dream of receiving the Nobel Prize is unthinkable. The main reason for this research is that fact that just about 2,5% of Nobel Prize winners are Russians. This paper analyzed archive and literature documents about the activity of Alfred Nobel in Russia. In 1879 three Nobel Brothers (including Alfred) founded the "Nobel Brothers Association", abbreviated as Branobel, in Russia. Success touched Alfred Nobel’s fut in Russian business and part of his profit was secured in Russian Central Bank as we know from Alfred Nobel’s will. As a result of current research author tried to evaluate contribution of A. Nobel’s Russian business in Nobel Foundation and Russian life. Consequently, it was revealed that A. Nobel’s executor Sohlman R. stated that in the assets of the Nobel Prize the originally share of funds received from Branobel activities was about 12%. Keywords: Nobel Prize, Branobel, Petroleum Company, imperial Russia, oil production, oil storage, oil trade, Alfred Nobel, Nobel’s will. 1. Introduction Nobel Prize is the most prestigious prize among scientists worldwide. Between 1901 and 2019, the Nobel Prizes and the Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 597 times to 950 people and organizations [1]. Thereof, twenty-four Russians won Nobel Prizes: two in Physiology or Medicine, twelve in Physics, one in Chemistry, two in Economic Sciences, five in Literature, and two Peace Prizes [2]. So just about 2,5% of Nobel Prize winners are Russians. -
Alfred Bernhard Nobel the Founder of the Great Global Awards
GENERAL ARTICLE Alfred Bernhard Nobel The Founder of the Great Global Awards Gopalpur Nagendrappa Alfred Nobel was born in Sweden, but lived in many countries in Europe at different points of time. He went through many ups and downs during his life. He invented dynamite, a controllable explosive, which greatly enhanced the pace of industrialization by accelerating the process of construction of roads, railways, canals, bridges, tunnels, dams and other G Nagendrappa was a structures, and the digging of mines. His business swelled and Professor of Organic spread to many parts of the globe. He braved many adverse Chemistry at Bangalore University, and Head of situations including poor health and frequent factory explo- the Department of sions, one of which took the life of his young brother, hostilities Medicinal Chemistry, Sri and criticisms. At the same time he earned a huge fortune. He Ramachandra (Medical) set aside most of his wealth to institute awards, now known as University, Chennai. He is currently in Jain Univer- Nobel Prizes. Nobel was not only a prolific inventor (with 355 sity, Bangalore. He patents), but also was endowed with literary talent. continues to teach and do research. His work is in Every construction work, be it a bridge, building, dam, tunnel or the area of organosilicon canal or digging a mine or quarrying stone, needs blasting of chemistry, synthetic and rocks at some stage. For all these activities dynamite is being used mechanistic organic chemistry, and clay- since a century and a half. Even today it is widely used in mining, catalysed organic reactions quarrying and construction works. -
Industry and Society in Baku, Azerbaijan, 1870- Present
OIL CAPITAL: INDUSTRY AND SOCIETY IN BAKU, AZERBAIJAN, 1870- PRESENT by REBECCA LINDSAY HASTINGS A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of History and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2020 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Rebecca Lindsay Hastings Title: Oil Capital: Industry and Society in Baku, Azerbaijan, 1870-Present This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of History by: Julie Hessler Chairperson, Advisor Julie Weise Core Member Ryan Jones Core Member Alexander Murphy Institutional Representative and Kate Mondloch Interim Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School Degree awarded June 2020 ii © 2020 Rebecca Lindsay Hastings iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Rebecca Lindsay Hastings Doctor of Philosophy Department of History June 2020 Title: Oil Capital: Industry and Society in Baku, Azerbaijan, 1870-Present This dissertation is a historical study of the city of Baku, Azerbaijan, and its oil industry from the 1870s to the present, covering the tsarist Russian, Soviet, and post- Soviet eras. The history of the Baku oil industry offers a clear, focused example of the social and physical effects of the imposition of external parties’ financial and commodity demands on an urban-industrial setting. Baku as an urban environment, comprising not just the physical elements of the city but also its sociocultural communities, has embodied priorities imposed on the oil industry that have shifted as the global importance of oil and natural gas has grown, as those commodities’ uses have changed over time, and according to successive regimes’ respective political and economic ideologies. -
GIẢI THƯỞNG NOBEL Giải Nobel Bách Khoa Toàn Thư Mở Wikipedia
GIẢI THƯỞNG NOBEL Giải Nobel Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia Giải thưởng Nobel Trao cho Các cống hiến nổi bật trong Vật lý, Hóa học, Văn học, Hòa bình, Kinh tế, và Y học Quốc gia Thụy Điển Na Uy (chỉ có Giải Nobel Hòa bình) Được trao bởi Giải thưởng Thụy Điển Viện khoa học Hoàng gia Thụy Điển Viện Karolinska Hội đồng Nobel Na Uy Lần đầu tiên 1901 Trang chủ nobelprize.org - 1 - Gia đình Nobel Thành viên[ẩn] • Immanuel Nobel • Robert Nobel • Alfred Nobel • Ludvig Nobel • Emanuel Nobel • Claes Nobel • Peter Nobel • Gustaf Nobel • Marta Helena Nobel-Oleinikoff • Michael Nobel Công ty[ẩn] • Nobel Fils • Branobel • Dynamit Nobel • KemaNord Giải thưởng[ẩn] • Giải Nobel Hóa học • Giải Nobel Văn học • Giải Nobel Hòa bình • Giải Nobel Vật lý • Giải Nobel Y học Học viện[ẩn] • Tổ chức Nobel • Gia đình Xã hội Nobel • Niềm tin từ thiện Nobel Giải thưởng Nobel, hay Giải Nobel (phát âm tiếng Thụy Điển: [noˈbɛl], Thụy Điển, số ít: Nobelpriset, Na Uy: Nobelprisen), là một tập các giải thưởng quốc tế được tổ - 2 - chức trao thưởng hằng năm kể từ năm 1901 cho những cá nhân đạt thành tựu trong lĩnh vực vật lý, hoá học, y học, văn học, kinh tế và hòa bình; đặc biệt là giải hoà bình có thể được trao cho tổ chức hay cho cá nhân.[1] Vào năm 1968, Ngân hàng Thụy Điển đưa thêm vào một giải về lĩnh vực khoa học kinh tế, theo di chúc của nhà phát minh người Thụy Điển Alfred Nobel năm 1895. -
Johannesjuhlat Kaarinan Hovirinnassa 4.8. 2012
Elosyyskuu 2012 63. vuosikerta – N:o 89 Johannesjuhlat Kaarinan Hovirinnassa 4.8. 2012 KARJALAN KEHTO Ennen muinoin, takaa vuosien, niin, jo takaa vuosituhanten syntyi kahden meren mahtavan laitamille kehto Kalevan. Karu ei se ollut kontu tää, täynnä hymyä ja elämää: lahjaksi soi sille sävelen Henki suuri, luodessansa sen. Laine lauloi tuutulauluaan, sirkat virittivät viulujaan, koko seutu helisi ja soi, sävel kaiken täällä kammitsoi. Kukkui käki, lehti koivupuu, päivän vuossa välkkyi virransuu, mehiläinen mettä keräten kautta kulki joka kukkasen. Haukka harmaa piilopesästään lehahtihe, uljas, lentämään kohottuen kauas pilvihin, kääntyi alas katsein tutkivin: Sata saarta, tuhat lahdelmaa Kukkien lasku muistomerkille. Airuina KIrsti metsän äärtä, vuorta kukkulaa, ja Auvo Paju. Runon lausuja Liisa Katajainen. Muistokukkien laskija Pirjo Ruoho. näki allaan auvon maiseman meidän maamme, meidän Karjalan. JohannesSeuran kukat muistokivellä. Sieltä alkoi karjalaisten tie, kaunis, kallis, karukin se lie. Mihin kohtalo sen viitoittaa, siitä henkii laulun kotimaa. Muistoissamme Karjala Ulkona liehuivat salkoihin nostetut siniristiliput, kun kirkkokan- saa aamulla vaelsi Kaarinan kirkolle rukoushetkeen aloittamaan johannesjuhlia. Kirkossa puheen ja rukouksen piti rovasti Paavo Väntsi ja kanttorina toimi Jukka Saarinen. Tilaisuuden jälkeen laskettiin kukat muistomerkille. Tilaisuuden aluksi allekirjoittanut toivotti juhlaväen tervetulleeksi ja kertoi ohjelman kulun. Juhlavasti ja verkalleen kumahtelivat entisen kotikirkkomme Johanneksen kirkonkellot -
Reglerad Sprängkraft Dynamiten, Staten Och Den Svenska Civila Sprängmedelsindustrin 1858-1950
Reglerad sprängkraft Dynamiten, staten och den svenska civila sprängmedelsindustrin 1858-1950 Josefin Sabo Institutionen för Geografi och Ekonomisk Historia Umeå 2017 This work is protected by the Swedish Copyright Legislation (Act 1960:729) ISBN: 978-91-7601-778-4 ISSN: 0347-254-X Omslagsbild: Handledning i sprängning med Nitrolit. Utgiven av Nitroglycerin Aktiebolaget år 1925. Elektronisk version tillgänglig på http://umu.diva-portal.org/ Tryck/Printed by: Print & Media Umeå, Sverige 2017 If I have a thousand ideas and only one turns out to be good, I am satisfied - Alfred Nobel Förord Även om vägen många gånger känts lång och krokig är till sist dagen här då det är dags att knyta ihop säcken och avsluta avhandlingsarbetet. Jag vill då passa på att uttrycka min tacksamhet till alla personer som på olika sätt bidragit till att jag lyckats galoppera över mållinjen. Först och främst vill jag tacka min huvudhandledare, professor Lena Andersson-Skog. Tack Lena för ditt engagemang, uppmuntran och stöd. För att du outtröttligt lyssnat, läst och kommenterat samt med stor entusiasm och ytterst värdefulla synpunkter hjälpt till att guida mig genom de många vägval jag tvingats göra under resans gång. Tack även för att du i din roll som rese- ledare på ett ytterst professionellt och tryggt sett guidat mig runt i olika länder och bidragit till många minnesvärda stunder. Jag vill också tacka min biträdande handledare, FD Fredrik Olsson-Spjut, för många givande diskussioner, kloka synpunkter och för att din dörr alltid stått öppen när jag behövt vägledning. Tack även för hjälpen med kartan. Jag vill likaså uttrycka tacksamhet till FD Martin Eriksson för all uppmuntran och stöd under de gångna fyra åren. -
The Nobel Prize and Connection Between Sweden, Russia and Azerbaijan
1st Annual International Interdisciplinary Conference, AIIC 2013, 24-26 April, Azores, Portugal - Proceedings- THE NOBEL PRIZE AND CONNECTION BETWEEN SWEDEN, RUSSIA AND AZERBAIJAN Vefa Kurban Asst.Prof.Dr. Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey Abstract: Few people know that the Nobel brothers- Alfred Nobel, Ludvig Nobel and Robert Nobel, lived in Baku and that they founded a factory there. The Nobel’s produced armaments for Russia and traded in kerosene. At the beginning of the 1870’s Robert Nobel moved from Petersburg to Azerbaijan and took an interest in the oil111 business. Later on this interest led his brothers to become part of this business and in 1879 they founded the “Nobel Brothers Company”. This company’s capital was originally 3 million manat (Azerbaijan’s currency) however by 1916 it had increased to 45 million manat. This company met 20% of the petrol and 49% of the kerosene production in the whole of Russia. “The Nobel Brothers Company” was first nationalized by the Baku Council of People's Commissars in 1918 and then by the government of Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic in1920. Alfred Nobel's will and testament dated 27th November 1895 was read in Stockholm on 30th December 1896. According to this will, a foundation established by Alfred Nobel would reward those who serve humanity. It was determined that The Nobel Prize a prestigious award, would be given for this purpose. The first Noble Prizes started to be awarded in 1901. Approximately 12.4% of the prize money came from Alfred Nobel’s own share of the Baku Nobel Brothers’s Company which originally amounted to 31 million Swedish Kronor. -
One Billion Poods* of Azerbaijani Oil of the Nobel Brothers' Company
History Mammad MAmmADOV Doctor of Philosophy in History One billion poods* of Azerbaijani oil of the Nobel brothers’ company THE HIstorY OF DEVELopment OF OIL FIELDS IN AZerbaIJAN at DIFFERENT TIMES IS stUDIED THroUGH THE ANALYSIS not ONLY OF DOCUmentarY materIALS storeD IN arcHIVES, BUT ALSO THroUGH THE stUDY OF HITHerto UNKNOWN artIfacts storeD IN MUSEUM coLLectIONS. Petroleum Production Company of the Nobel Brothers, now stored at the National Museum of History of Azerbaijan. As is known, Robert, one of the Nobel brothers, who arrived in Azerbaijan to purchase precious wood for the manufacture of gun parts, spent a long time in Baku, familiarized himself with the oil business and assessed its prospects, and in 1873 he co-founded a small company with his brother Ludvig. There were few such enterprises, and Robert Nobel began to receive a steady income and acquired oil sites and a kerosene plant in Black City for 25,000 rubles in 1875. Funds were needed to launch oil production, and Silver plaquette in honor of the one billion poods of the further activities of the company were linked with the Nobels’ company. National Museum of History of the name of Ludvig Nobel, who arrived in Baku in 1876. Azerbaijan. Front side. However, all the available funds were not enough for the unique example of the medal art of the 19th - expansion of production, and in this regard, the company early 20th centuries is two plaquettes attributed was transformed into a joint stock company. So the A to the activities of Russia’s largest company – The Petroleum Production Company of the Nobel Brothers * One pood (Russian) = 16 kq 14 www.irs-az.com Silver plaquette in honor of the one billion poods of the Nobels’ company. -
En Nobel Familj
En Nobel Familj Professor Olov Rudbeck den äldre (1630 – 1702),, son till biskopen Johannes Rudbeck (som försett oss med indicier runt hednatemplet i Uppsala) och förekom ju även i föredraget om Carl Linneaus. Här (av en ren slump dyker han upp igen). Hans dotter Vendela Rudbeck gifter sig (1696) med Petrus Nobelius och får två söner varav en (Olof) kom att bilda en släktgren som på 1800-talet blev osedvanligt framgångsrika. En grupp uppfinnare som kom att umgås med ryska Tsarer, Europeiska finansmän och amerikanska oljemiljardärer m.m. Petrus föddes i Östra Nöbbelövs socken i Kristianstads län och Nobel anses vara en latiform av Nöbbelov. Petrus hette Nobelius i efternamn och 3 generationer senare föddes Immanuel Nobel (1801) . Fördraget kommer att handla om Immanuel och hans söner, Robert och Ludvig i första hand. Alfred Nobels framgångssaga är ju tack vare Nobelmuseet m.m. ganska väl känd. Vad som kanske är mindre känt är att fadern, Immanuel, född 1801. blev på sin tid känd för stor ideerikedom och tekniska uppfinningar. Detta tack vare studier i byggnadskonst och arkitektstudier. Hans två första uppfinningar var en mangelmaskin och en hyvelmaskin. I Stockholm lyckades han riva hus utan att andra hyresgäster behövde flytta – genom att spränga nischer i berget och sedan där förankra med plintar. Detta blev hans stora genombrott. Han konstruear även de första flyttbara trähusen. Han är dock lika misslyckad affärsman som duktig tekniker. 1832, då tredje sonen Alfred föds går fadern i konkurs. Dessutom utbryter en eldsvåda i familjens hus på Långholmen. Trots dessa motgångar och ekonomisk missär uppfinner han bl a: en uppblåsbar gummirensel som även fungerar som flytväst, luftkudde eller som flytdel i en pontonbro.