FOCUS ON 9 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 9.1 Vocabulary Early Bulgarian History • Mythology • Antonyms • Word families

SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW 3 Complete the text with BCE, CE, BC and AD.

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box. Surprisingly, 1______doesn’t mean ‘After Death’. It comes from and means ‘Anno Domini’ Asparukh capital rule span translated as ‘in the year of our ’. It refers 2 settle to the year of Christ’s birth. ______is used in place of Anno Domini. So, for example, the dates 1 Historical sources mention three main 2015 AD and 2015 CE are the same. 3______groups of : East (Antae), West means ‘Before Christ’. It has the same meaning as (Venethi) and South (Slavenae). 4______. Historians started to replaces the terms 2 In 632, managed to BC and AD with BCE and CE respectively in order create a powerful tribal confederation to show sensitivity to those who are not Christians. named Old Great Bulgaria. 3 In the seventh century, Khan , one of Kubrat’s sons, together with more WORD STORE 9A than 300,000 of his men, started attacking Verb and noun synonyms Byzantine territories south of the River. 4 Match the words in the box with their synonyms. 4 Not only participated in the sudden attack establish rule mighty tribal confederation created by Khan Kubrat. Similar nomad tribes took 1 ______= set up, found part in it, too. 2 ______= raid 5 After its defeat in the battle of Ongal, the 3 ______= govern had to sign a peace treaty with the Bulgars. 5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the 6 Khan Asparukh made the words in the box. of the first . conquer raid treaty govern 7 Constantine I over a revolt found united Roman Empire. 8 The Byzantine Empire under Justinian I 1 Whenever you find yourself in a difficult situation, from modern Spain in the think clearly and ______your temper. west to modern Syria in the east. 2 Modern British humour is very often ______on 9 Before moving south of the Danube word play and hints. River, Khan Asparukh first in 3 Two security guards were seriously injured during the . last night’s bank ______. 4 Nowadays, it’s not uncommon for students to ______against wearing school uniforms. 2 Write the abbreviations in full. 5 When he was in his twenties, his desire to rule over the entire world ______his mind. BCE = 6 Our country considers the terms of this economic CE = ______to be unfavourable and too general. BC = 6 Match the groups of adjectives with the nouns in the AD = box. treaty raid revolt

1 border, air, daylight 2 mass, peasant, armed 3 peace, friendship, commercial 2 WORD STORE 9B 10 Complete the text with the correct form of the words in the box. Adjective antonyms 7 Match the adjectives in the box with their fire youth water death fertile definitions. One day, god Veles, full of hate for the other gods, because secular disputed renowned engaging they had sent him to the underworld, decided to steal the dependent unsuccessful heavenly cows as revenge. Helped by a witch, he created a 1 ______= something that many people mighty whirlwind that reached the skies and all the heavenly argue about cows fell down to the underworld through that whirlwind. As 2 ______= needing someone or something soon as Veles hid the cows, the land lost its 1______; all in order to exist, be successful, be healthy, etc. crops died and the 2______soil became dry. People started 3 ______= pleasant and attracting your asking gods for help. Both Perun and Dazhbog answered the interest prayers of men and went to the gates of the underworld to 4 ______= not connected with or controlled look for Veles and the cows. Veles chose not to appear, but by a church or other religious authority to attack the two gods from the rear. Soon, Perun ran out 5 ______= not having a successful result or of patience and struck the underworld with a 3______not achieving what you wanted to achieve thunderbolt. The 4______strike scared the 5______6 ______= known and admired by a Dazhbog and he stopped the thunder because he feared that lot of people, especially for a special skill, the whole World Tree may fall down. Veles took advantage of achievement, or quality the situation and turned into a great snake. He attacked the gods and Perun bravely fought back. Meanwhile, Dazhbog 8 Choose the correct options. entered the underworld to look for the cows. The fight lasted 1 It was generally a/an renowned / unknown for days and eventually Veles was defeated. The wicked god country to me. I knew few facts about it. didn’t want to reveal the location of the cows, though. Finally, 2 Although my daughter is only five years old, Dazhbog found the cows and pointed to Perun where to strike she is very dependent / independent. the mountain so as to free the cows. Perun split the mountain 3 Our modern secular / religious society has lost into two and the cows were able to return to heaven. The its faith in God and it is increasingly becoming balance on Earth was restored. more and more materialistic. 4 With her six gold Olympic medals, Kristin Otto remains the disputed / undisputed women’s SHOW WHAT YOU’VE LEARNT swimming champion. 11 Choose the correct options. 5 Their air attack on the capital city was 1 Khans and boils ruled / spanned over the and served only as an successful / unsuccessful Bulgar tribes. alert to the enemy. 2 Khan Kubrat settled / united the Bulgar 6 Searching for information on the Internet can tribes and formed an independent tribal be quite , especially if your tiring / engaging confederation. Internet connection is slow. 3 Asparukh began to raid / set up the Byzantine WORD STORE 9C territories south of the Danube river. 4 Yesterday, the two neighbouring countries Mythology • Word families decided to put an end to the ongoing military 9 Complete the sentences with the correct forms conflict and signed a peacerevolt / treaty. of the words in brackets. 5 The abbreviation AD means Anno Domini / 1 The cause of his ______was unclear, so the After Death. local police started to investigate the evidence. 6 are disputed / renowned for their (DEADLY) hospitality. 2 Little Timmy could see that his mother’s eyes 7 Unfortunately, his attempt to break the world were red and ______. Tears were rolling down record was secular / unsuccessful. her face. (WATER) 8 My aunt suffered from a fertile / deadly disease. 3 Every morning the manager talked to his 9 I haven’t tried anything so disgusting before! employees with ______passion. (FIRE) The vegetables in the stew were watery / fiery 4 One of the most important factors which affects and tasteless. women’s ______is their age. (FERTILE) 10 Kate’s grandma is such a youthful / lovable 5 I really ’t understand what makes some person; she goes to night clubs at the women find criminals so______. (LOVE) weekends and rollerblades every day. 6 Throughout the years my grandma has /10 managed to retain her ______appearance. (YOUTH) 3 9.2 Grammar Review 3 Write the names the way they are read. 1 Henry VIII ______, of 1 Complete the text with the correct forms of the England, had six wives. verbs in brackets. 2 Louis XIV ______of was called the Sun King. Khan 3 Boris III ______ruled Bulgaria from 1918 to1943. the Double-crosser 4 Kardam of Bulgaria defeated Constantine VI Khan Telerig was born around 706. He 1______in the 792 Battle of Marcellae. (rule) Bulgaria from 768 to 777. The khan 2______4 Complete the sentences with the correct forms (come) to the throne after years of anarchy. At the of lie and lay. beginning of his reign he 3______(manage) to conclude peace with Byzantium. Unfortunately, 1 The new employee has ______about her the Byzantine Emperor 4______previous work experience. (have) no intention to keep the peace and in 774 he 2 When she did the shopping, she ______the 5______(attack) Bulgaria both on land and at sea. heavy bags on the table. His fleet of 2,000 ships6 ______(reach) Varna, but 3 If you feel unwell, ______down and have a rest. for some unknown reason, Constantin V 7______4 Last week the hens on our farm ______more (get) scared and 8______(retreat). Not long after eggs than usual. that, both countries 9______(sign) another peace 5 I______in the sun whenever I can. treaty. Being a talented statesman, Khan Telerig 6 The gardener has ______the new grass, but 10______(not believe) the Byzantines, so he he hasn’t watered it yet. 11______(deploy) a 12,000-man army to Berzitia. 5 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form He 12______(want) to conquer it and relocate its (to-infinitive or ing- form). Slav population to Bulgaria. The Byzantine spies 1 Khan Telerig didn’t mind ______(accept) 13 in Khan Telerig’s court immediately ______Christianity. (inform) Constantine V about the khan’s plan. To 2 Khan Telerig pretended ______(be) afraid for 14 counterattack the Emperor ______(gather) and his life in order to deceive Constantine V. 15 ______(lead) a huge army of 80,000 soldiers to 3 Khan Telerig decided ______(seek) refuge 16 Berzitia. He ______(surprise) the Bulgarians and with the Emperor Leo IV. 17 ______(win) a significant victory. The peace was 4 Khan Telerig was afraid of ______(lose) his life 18 broken once again. Khan Telerig _____ (become) in court conflicts. aware that there were Byzantine spies among his 5 Khan Telerig spent time ______(make) plans 19 men and ______(come up with) a cunning plan. He how to outwit Constantine V. 20 ______(send) a letter to Constantine asking him 6 The khan knew there was no use ______21 for help. In the letter, Telerig ______(mention) (fight) such a great army so he sued for peace. 22 23 that he ______(fear) for his life and ______7 Khan Telerig was interested in ______(bring) 24 (want) to flee to Byzantium. He also ______the Slavs living in Berzitia back to Bulgaria. (ask) for the names of the people in his court he 8 Khan Telerig chose ______(marry) a Byzantine 25 ______(can) rely on. Naively, Constantine V . 26______(reveal) the names of the spies. Khan Telerig instantly 27______(put) them to death. SHOW WHAT YOU‘VE LEARNT

2 Ask questions to the underlined words and 6 Choose the correct options. phrases in the sentences. 1 Nicephorus the One / the First lost his life in 1 Khan Telerig sought refuge with Emperor Leo IV. the battle of the Pass. What ? 2 Did Khan use / used the silver lined skull of Nicephorus as a goblet? 2 Leo IV gave Khan Telerig the rank of patrician. 3 Nicephorus I refused to accept / accepting Who ? Khan Krum’s peace offer. 3 Khan Telerig married one of Leo IV’s cousins. 4 Nicephorus I considered to crush / crushing his Who ? Bulgarian enemy and marched against him in 811. 4 Khan Telerig was baptised in . 5 Khan Krum decided to close / closing the Where ? Balkan passes in the enemy’s rear. 6 Nicephorus I lay / laid siege to Serdica, modern 5 Khan Telerig died about 777. , and captured it. When ? /6 4 9.3 Listening language practice Knyaz Boris • gender of nouns 4 Complete the sentences with the male or • Royal regalia female counterparts of the words in brackets. 1 The ______founded thousands of churches 1 Read the text and choose the correct answer, and chapels and gave generously to people in A, B or C, for questions 1–7. Then listen and need. (EMPEROR) check. 2 The ______appeared, surrounded by a group of servants. () Extract from Students' Book recording MP3•127 3 There is a remarkable story about a ______Tsar Simeon I was born in 864 or 865. He was the named Joan, who died a tragic death. (POPE) third son of Knyaz Boris I, which meant he wasn’t the 4 Criminals’ lives were at the mercy of the 1______heir to the throne. He was born Christian, ______. (QUEEN) because Bulgaria had already 2______Christianity 5 The ______spoke kindly to the old man and in 864. His father wanted him to become an assured him of her goodwill. (TZAR) eminent monk, so he sent him to the renowned 6 The ______of Monte Cristo is a novel written University of Constantinople, the capital city of by Alexandre Dumas. (COUNTESS) the Byzantine Empire, to study theology. At that 5 Read the text and match the base forms of the time Simeon was only thirteen or fourteen. At the underlined words with their definitions. university, Simeon 3______excellent education. He studied arithmetics, astronomy, music and Extract from Students' Book recording MP3•128 rhetoric. He was also well-versed in Greek. After […] In 894, Byzantine Emperor Leo VI the 4 ______a decade in Constantinople, he returned Wise, gravely annoyed by the expulsion of to Bulgaria and entered the monastery of the the Greek monks from Bulgaria, decided to capital city Pliska, where he actively translated relocate the marketplace for Bulgarian goods 5 religious scriptures ______Greek to Old Slavic from Constantinople to Thessaloniki, imposing Ecclesiastical language. After a while, his father heavier taxes on the Bulgarian merchants. They Knyaz Boris retreated to a monastery and the eldest rightfully complained to Simeon and asked him of the three brothers, Vladimir-Rasate, acceded for protection. As a result, after unsuccessful to the throne in 889. Sadly, Vladimir decided to negotiations with the Emperor, Simeon invaded reintroduce old pagan beliefs in Bulgaria, an act the Byzantine Empire. […] The small Byzantine which infuriated his father Knyaz Boris. He left the army, which met Simeon’s onslaught, suffered 6 monastery and, as a ______, blinded Vladimir and great losses, but Simeon did not advance towards 7 sent him to ______for the rest of his life. The fact the capital of Byzantium. He withdrew his men that the second brother, Gavril, died very young to battle the Magyars, coming from the north. left Simeon the only successor to the throne. In 893 This was the ‘first trade war in Medieval Europe’, he became the new Bulgarian knyaz. according to Bulgarian historians.

1 A legal B rightful C direct 1 ______= someone who buys and sells 2 A taken B adopted C won goods in large quantities 3 A received B provided C gave 2 ______= connected with the Middle Ages 4 A taking B closing C spending 3 ______= force people to accept 5 A from B at C on something like a rule or punishment 6 A prize B punishment C reward 4 ______= the act of forcing someone to 7 A court B case C prison leave a place 5 ______= a large violent attack by an army 2 Match the underlined words in the text in Exercise 1 with their synonyms. WORD STORE 9D 1 ______= sacred texts 6 Complete the text with the words in the box. 2 ______= descendant 3 ______= distinguished scepter crown orb 4 ______= priestly 5 ______= inherit The Royal regalia symbolises the king’s power 6 ______= enrage and majesty as well as the as a form 1 7 ______= skilled of government. The King’s ______represents the earth and monarchical power. The King’s 3 Find the male counterpart of the word heiress 2______, which is an ornamental staff, shows the in the text in Exercise 1. temporal nature of the authority. The King’s 3______signifies victory and honour. 5 9.4 Reading Knyaz Boris I and Christianity • Compound nouns

1 Complete the sentences with the words and 3 Read the text on pages 112–113 in your phrases in the box. Students’ books. Are the statements right (R), wrong (W) or does the text not say (DS)? polytheistic magic Earth cycles household deities monotheistic 1 Knyaz Boris I governed Bulgaria in the domestic rituals pagan 8th century. 2 Knyaz Boris I broke the alliance with Great 1 The three main religions around the world: Moravia, because he couldn’t fight two Judaism, Islam and Christianity are ______. enemies at the same time. 2 People believed that ______were guardians of 3 Knyaz Boris I was baptised by the Byzantine the home, the livestock or a particular member Patriarch Photios. of the family. 4 In the ninth century Bulgaria, the number of 3 Modern Hindu people strictly follow slightly Bulgars was higher than the number of Slavs. modified______which are 5,000 years old. 5 Some rebellious wanted to 4 Early European Christians adopted various assassinate Knyaz Boris I. practices and rituals belonging to the older, 6 Knyaz Boris I offered protection to Clement, ______religions. Nahum and Angelarius. 5 Ancient Sumerians were ______– that is they 7 Saints Cyril and Methodius’ students, helped worshipped and believed in many gods and by Knyaz Boris I, set up educational centres goddesses. around Bulgaria. 6 The villagers were afraid that the witch might bring bad fortune to the village through black 4 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. ______. disciple foe missionary saint kin 7 Many primitive tribes try to live in harmony autocephalous ally conversion with nature and their spiritual practices closely follow the ______, i.e. the phases of the 1 While Henry was in Africa, he did some _____ moon and seasonal changes. work for the . 2 Our country will remain neutral in this war; we 2 Complete the text with the words in the box. won’t be a/an ______to anyone involved. Holy Trinity pope churches miracles 3 The Russian Church became ______during the patriarch Holy Scriptures liturgies baptism reign of Fyodor I. 4 If you are involved in an accident, your next of According to experts, Christianity is the world’s _____ will be notified immediately. biggest religion, having around 2,1 billion followers 5 The British ______from Imperial to metric globally. The cross is the universal symbol of system took place in the 1970s. Christianity, despite its controversial meaning; it 6 The King was furious; he blamed friend and both signifies suffering and triumph. The Old and _____ for the unsuccessful military campaign. New Testaments of the Bible, which mirror the 7 The disappointed actress gave up fame and problems ordinary people face in their everyday life, fortune to become an ardent ______of Krishna. are often called 1______. The New Testament also 8 Even though he looks like a ______, he has tells us about the 2______performed by Jesus Christ. many devilish qualities in him. One of the main doctrines of Christianity is referred to as: the 3______– the inseparable unity of God WORD STORE 9E the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit. Compound nouns Christians worship the One God in their 4______, 5 Complete the sentences with the compound where priests recite 5______to glorify the power of nouns in the box. the divine. If a person wants to be accepted in the Glagolitic alphabet Orthodox Christianity fellowship of the church, they have to undergo a Bulgarian church ritual named 6______, which symbolically represents the death, the burial and the resurrection of Christ. 1 Because of differences in their doctrines, Two of the main branches of Christianity are Eastern ______and Roman Christianity don’t have Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism. The head of strong connections. the Roman Catholic Church is the 7______, who is 2 The Cyrillic alphabet was based on the ______, the Bishop of Rome and resides in the Vatican City, constructed by Saints Cyril and Methodius. while the term Christians use for high-rank bishops 3 The Patriarchate of Constantinople granted in Eastern Orthodoxy is 8______. autocephaly to the ______, after a peace treaty signed in 927 between Byzantine Empire 6 and Bulgaria. 9.5 Grammar Review 3 Complete the text with the verbs in brackets. Use Past Simple or Past Continuous. 1 Complete the text with the correct forms of the On 29 May 1876, at lunchtime, the Austro-Hungarian verbs in the box. passenger steamship ‘’, under my command, confirm stand question make take 1_____ (sail) from Rahovo to Lom-Palanka. Shortly after sentence confront immortalise betray we 2_____ (leave) Giurgiu, I was told that there were admit be armed people on board the ship. I duly 3____ (go) to After capturing Levski, the Turkish guards 1_____ the second class saloon to investigate that violation 4 him to and later on to Sofia. There, a nine- of rules. I _____ (ask) all the passengers to show their 5 man, specially-created court commission was tickets, so they _____ (do) it. There was nothing out 6 waiting for him. The commission 2_____ Levski six of the ordinary. When I _____ (reach) the door of the 7 8 times. It also 3_____ him with many witnesses, all men’s saloon, I _____ (bump into) a man, who _____ 9 participants in the revolutionary network, set up (wear) a military hat. Some men _____ (talk) inside. I 10 by Levski. Sadly, they all 4_____ him and 5______(insisted) that the man should show me his ticket 11 his leading role in the revolutionary movement. and give me the revolver, which he _____ (hold) in his 12 13 On 14 January 1873, due to the testimonies of hand. He _____ (make) a step back and _____ (open) 14 the witnesses, the commission 6____ Levski to the door. He _____ (tell) me to follow him, while he 15 16 death by hanging. On the day of the execution, _____ (walk) backwards. I _____ (enter) the men’s 17 the hangman 7_____ next to the gallows until saloon and ____ (come upon) a surprise. About half a 18 late in the afternoon, but there 8_____ no people dozen men ____ (stand) around a table with guns and around to watch this appalling act. Levski 9_____ ammunition on it. At that particular moment the man 19 the sign of the Cross upon himself and 10_____ that in the military hat _____ (lock) the door and the other 20 21 what he had done, he had done it for his fellow men _____ (surround) me. He _____ (say) ‘, I am countrymen. not going to give you the revolver! We are about two In 1876, , a revolutionary and a well- hundred men on the ship and she is at our mercy!’ 11 known Bulgarian poet, ____ Levski’s untimely death 4 Transform the sentences using too or enough in his famous poem ‘The hanging of ’. and the adjective in brackets. 2 Correct the sentences. Use the information in 1 The other passengers on board weren’t brave brackets. enough to come out on the deck. (AFRAID) 0 Hristo Botev was born in . () Initially, the captain of ‘Radetzky’ was too angry Hristo Botev wasn’t born in Karlovo. He was 2 to ask the hijackers what their demands were. born in Kalofer. 1 Botev studied in , . (CALM) (Odessa) 3 Botev’s threat “If you don’t take us to , 2 When he completed his education he taught I’ll kill you” was too violent to pass unnoticed. for some time in . (Bessarabia) (KIND)

3 In 1867, Botev fled to Russia, after delivering an emotional speech against the Ottoman SHOW WHAT YOU’VE LEARNT oppressors. (Romania) 5 Choose the correct options. 1 While Botev’s rebels were disembarking at 4 When Botev lived in Romania he became close Kozloduy, they saw / were seeing the Turkish friends with Georgi Sava . (Vasil Levski) soldiers. 2 It was enough / too late for them to hide. 5 He worked as a photographer for a 3 One of the rebels shooted / shot at the Turkish revolutionary newspaper. (editor) soldiers. 4 The ‘apostles’ of the 3rd Revolutionary District 6 After the death of Vasil Levski, Botev thought it had misleaded / misled Botev with enthusiastic wasn’t a suitable moment to start an uprising. messages. 5 Botev didn’t have enough / too men to do 7 Hristo Botev and his fellow revolutionaries battle with the heavily-armed Turkish army. hijacked the Astro-Hungarian passenger ship 6 Many rebels lost / were losing their lives in the ‘Erzherzog Ferdinand Max’. (‘Radetzky’) fight which followed, including Botev.

/6 7 9.6 Speaking language practice Describing a historical event 3 Match the explanations with the correct forms of the underlined words in the text in Exercise 2. 1 Read the statements and choose the correct 1 ______= it’s a kind of breaking of a rule or options. law A historical event is considered significant when: 2 ______= it’s a sort of official agreement • it 1 importance for the people had / didn’t have between countries, about particular rules or who lived at the time the event happened. behaviour • it 2 the lives of the influenced / didn’t influence 3 ______= it’s a type of establishing control people at that time. over a country next to your own, usually by • it 3 a difference to a large made / didn’t make using force number of people. 4 ______= it’s a sort of a ruler • it 4 to far-reaching, long-term led / didn’t lead 5 ______= a type of official agreement that consequences for people. ends an argument or a fight • it 5 contemporary influences / doesn’t influence 6 ______= it’s a kind of confusion and society. anxiety 2 Read the talk and summarise the information 7 ______= these’re kind of discussions from the talk in the table. between representatives of two or more BULGARIAN INDEPENDENCE opposing groups In the early umm … twentieth century the Ottoman 8 ______= it’s like officially giving somebody Empire was in a state of inner … er … What do you call a it? ... turmoil. A nationalist party, called Young Turks, 4 Match the words and phrases in bold in the wanted to replace the absolute power of the Turkish text in Exercise 2 with their synonyms. monarchy with a … well, you know … a constitutional government. Many European countries took advantage 1 ______= and so on of … er … the uncertain political situation in the Empire; 2 ______= whatchamacallit - annexed , the 3 ______= I can almost recall it. wanted to take control of the Empire’s 5 Complete the sentences with the correct forms East Arab territories, Italy occupied a group of islands of affect and effect. in the Aegean Sea, et cetera. Actually, Bulgaria, too, 1 In the future, your opinion ______my seized the opportunity to declare its independence. In decisions anymore. 1908 the government of … hmm, his name is on the 2 Yesterday’s bad weather had a negative tip of my tongue. Oh, yes. ! The ______on the traffic. government of Alexandar Malinov decided it was the 3 At present, the unwise decisions made by the perfect moment to act. On 22 September 1908 management ______everyone in the Ferdinand officially proclaimed the independence of company. Bulgaria in Tarnovo and was conferred with the title Tsar. This was a direct … umm … infraction of the Treaty of 6 Complete the sentences with the words in the Berlin (1878), signed by the Great Powers, which stated box. that the was a suzerain of Bulgaria. At indignation resistance diplomacy first, hmm … the Great Powers didn’t want to recognise catalyst rally troops the independence of Bulgaria, which led to a period of considerable tension between Bulgaria and Turkey. 1 Our mayor banned the nationalist ______Both countries entered into … difficult negotiations. In which was going to take place on Sunday in the the final stage of these negotiations, Russia played a centre of the city. vital role for reaching a satisfactory settlement. Finally, 2 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in 1909, Turkey signed a … you know … a convention or AIDS lowers human’s body ______to at Constantinople recognising the independence of infections. Bulgaria. Then, shortly after, an international recognition 3 If you want to speed up a chemical reaction, also followed. So … Bulgaria took its rightful place you should use a ______to do it. among the free and independent European countries. 4 The United Nations ______are currently trying to keep the peace in the Democratic Who? Republic of Congo. When? 5 The government expressed their ______at Where? the terms of the peace treaty. Why? 6 It took them a lot of tact and careful ______How? to put down the military coup peacefully. How significant? 8 9.7 Writing A fantasy story 3 Choose the correct options. 1 It was a favourable / marvelous day for a short 1 Match the descriptions with the magical walk in the mountains. creatures in the box. 2 Her delicate / splendid facial features revealed samodiva lamia vampire good nature and kind heart. karakoncolo zmey 3 The monster was never late. It always came at the divine / precise time, when all the gifts 1 The shadow was moving swiftly through the were laid on the ground. graveyard. I had met such creatures before! 4 My father was a virtuous / magnificent man; he People feared them for their bloodlust, but always helped his fellow villagers during the day I wasn’t afraid. I knew their fangs could be and protected them from the evil spirits at night. broken and they could be dealt with. 5 Her brother was extremely talented / 2 Although it was completely dark, Irina could satisfying from an early age. He had a complete distinguish the silhouette of the creature. It was command over the elements of nature. bowlegged with a small, furry body. Its big, 6 She was blessed with both appropriate / sharp nose was sniffing the air. It caught Irina’s stunning beauty and brains. faint smell and its bulging eyes grew even 7 This superb / wise man had justly ruled the wider. village for over fifty years. 3 A storm was raging. Bolts of lightning struck the black earth around him. He had already 4 Read the story and replace the phrases in bold begun to transform. His skin was covered with with the words in the box. scales and a pair of golden, fiery wings was freezing starving huge tiny forming on his shoulders. The hissing sound exhausted furious ancient hideous coming from his mouth was a clear sign of his serpentine nature. To start with, I met her, or shall I say I met it, 4 When the thick mist cleared, Maria couldn’t on a 1very cold ______winter day in an believe her eyes. The fragile, old woman, abandoned 2very old ______monastery. who she called grandma, was actually a The 3very ugly ______lamia and I had been monster! Her grandmother was changing into mortal enemies for years. During our 4very angry an enormous, multi-headed, fork-tongued, ______fight my blade managed to cut winged creature. through her flesh but I – enchanted – had already 5 The girl’s golden, unruly hair was bouncing fallen in love with her stunningly beautiful human around her shoulders during her graceful form. Her voice was magical and her eyes were dance. Unfortunately, Doncho stepped on a like sapphires. I couldn’t be mad at her. After that, dry twig and startled her. She bolted. Doncho I conquered many 5very little ______villages noticed her long, white dress shimmering in and 6very big ______cities in her name. the moonlight while she was running like the Her spells kept me from dying in my quests and wind. sustained her young and gorgeous. 2 Choose the correct options according to the Now, that her spell has worn off for the context. thousandth time, I am sneaking behind her back, 1 ‘You must follow my exact orders!’ she firmly holding my sword in my sweaty hand. She turns begged / insisted. and I thrust it through her chest. 2 ‘This is not the welcoming ceremony I’ve ‘Stoyan’, she lets out a sigh of relief. expected!’ he loudly complained / warned. ‘One day I will be able to kill you…’, I threatened 3 ‘I didn’t touch your gold necklace!’ her younger her, feeling the mist of her spell around me. It sister angrily mentioned / denied. made me dizzy and 7very tired ______. I take 4 ‘I’ll always protect you!’ he faithfully suggested the sword out of her body. There is no wound. / promised. ‘But not today, my love’, she wipes her lips and 5 ‘Yes, I lied to you, because I wanted to spare kisses me gently. ‘In the end you will have to give your feelings’, she honestly admitted / added. up trying. You are 8very hungry ______. What 6 ‘If you want to save your village, you must find would you like for dinner?’ the Golden Apple!’ the old woman revealed / remarked. 5 Match the underlined words in the story in 7 ‘My mother will find you and will bring Exercise 4 with their synonyms. misfortune on your people!’ the young zmey 1 ______= eventually gravely exclaimed / threatened me while flying 2 ______= later away. 3 ______= to begin with 9