Silliman Journal a JOURNAL DEVOTED to DISCUSSION and INVESTIGATION in the HUMANITIES and SCIENCES VOLUME 61 NUMBER 1 | JANUARY to JUNE 2020
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Silliman Journal A JOURNAL DEVOTED TO DISCUSSION AND INVESTIGATION IN THE HUMANITIES AND SCIENCES VOLUME 61 NUMBER 1 | JANUARY TO JUNE 2020 IN THIS ISSUE Annie Melinda Paz-Alberto Angel C. Alcala Cynthia V. Almazan Giselle Ann A. Alvarez Micah Bachner Chris Bird Bernard Bonares Abner A. Bucol Lilibeth A. Bucol Sherlyn Cabcaban Kent E. Carpenter Jan Antoni A. Credo Karlo Antonio G. David Philip Godfrey Jakosalem Maria Feliza Janet Oquendo Lisa J. Paguntalan Beth A. Polidoro Nina Arra DJ. Rivera Edwin F. Romano Zoe Ruben Niccolo R. Vitug The Silliman Journal is published twice a year under the auspices of Silliman University, Dumaguete City, Philippines. Entered as second class mail matter at Dumaguete City Post Office on 1 September 1954. Copyright © 2020 by the individual authors and Silliman Journal All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the authors or the publisher. ISSN 0037-5284 Opinions and facts contained in the articles published in this issue of Silliman Journal are the sole responsibility of the individual authors and not of the Editors, the Editorial Board, Silliman Journal, or Silliman University. Annual subscription rates are at PhP600 for local subscribers, and $35 for overseas subscribers. Subscription and orders for current and back issues should be addressed to The Business Manager Silliman Journal Silliman University Main Library 6200 Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental Philippines Issues are also available in microfilm format from University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor Michigan 48106 USA Other inquiries regarding editorial policies and contributions may be addressed to the Silliman Journal Business Manager or the Editor at the following email address: [email protected]. Or go to the Silliman Journal website at www.su.edu.ph/sillimanjournal Book design and layout by Rigel dela Cruz Suarez Cover Artwork “Dharma Mandala: Nucleus of the Mystic Sea” by Elle Divine Printing by SU Printing Press, Dumaguete City Silliman Journal VOLUME 61 NUMBER 1 JANUARY TO JUNE 2020 Silliman Journal Warlito S. Caturay Jr., PhD ........................... Editor Myla June T. Patron, MA .............................. Associate Editor Rigel D. Suarez ................................................ Production Editor Nenith P. Calibo .............................................. Business Manager EDITORIAL BOARD Margaret Helen U. Alvarez, PhD Lily Ann D. Bautista, PhD Gina F. Bonior, PhD Earl Jude Paul L. Cleope, PhD Theorose June Q. Bustillo, PhD Jose Edwin C. Cubelo, PhD Robert G. Guino-o II, PhD Ferdinand M. Mangibin, PhD Dave E. Marcial, PhD Andrea G. Soluta, PhD Myra E. Villanueva, PhD Enrique G. Oracion, PhD OVERSEAS EDITORIAL BOARD Allan B. I. Bernardo, PhD Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, SAR, China Dennis Patrick McCann, PhD Research Director, Asian Institute for International Business Ethics—Hong Kong and Rothlin International Management Consulting—Beijing Ceres E. Pioquinto, PhD English Lecturer, HMZ Academy/Dialogica Zug, Baar, Switzerland Laurie H. Raymundo, PhD Coral Ecologist, University of Guam Marine Laboratory, Mangilao, Guam, USA Lester Edwin J. Ruiz, PhD Director, Accreditation and Institutional Evaluation, Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada The Commission on Accrediting, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Dr. Margaret Helen Udarbe-Alvarez, Chair Board of Reviewers Abner A. Bucol, MS Silliman University Leandro S. Cabrera, MS Silliman University Robert S. Guino-o, PhD Silliman University Alana Leilani C. Narciso, MA Silliman University Renee B. Paalan, MS Silliman University Lady Flor N. Partosa, MA Silliman University Ian Done D. Ramos, DEd Suwon University Ernest Michael Seeley, PhD Assumption Unviersity of Thailand Contents 13 Editorial Notes Warlito S. Caturay Jr. 19 Microplastics in the Mottled Rabbitfish (Siganus fuscescens) in Negros Oriental, Philippines with Notes on the Siganid Fishery Angel C. Alcala, Abner A. Bucol, Lilibeth A. Bucol, Edwin F. Romano, Sherlyn Cabcaban, Zoe Ruben, Micah Bachner, Giselle Ann A. Alvarez, Chris Bird, Beth A. Polidoro, Kent E. Carpenter 37 Assessment of Conservation Programs in Aquatic Ecosystems Traversing Pampanga River Cynthia V. Almazan and Annie Melinda Paz-Alberto 67 Assessment of the Diversity of Animals in Mt. Tapulao, Palauig, Zambales Nina Arra DJ. Rivera and Annie Melinda Paz-Alberto 89 Significant Records of Birds in Smaller Islands in Palawan, Philipines Lisa J. Paguntalan, Philip Godfrey Jakosalem, Bernard Bonares, Maria Feliza Janet Oquendo 107 Impact of Training on Communication Strategy Use of Less Proficient English Speakers in Malaysia Megawati Soekarno Su-Hie Ting 129 Irog-Irog: Making Space for Contributions and Critique of the Tiempos and the Silliman Workshop Niccolo R. Vitug NOTES SECTION 169 A Brief Note on Contemporary Philippine Local Governance and Politics Jan Antoni A. Credo 177 In Pursuit of Mindanao Tagalogs Setting out the need for the study and engineering of Mindanao’s Tagalog creolized dialects Karlo Antonio G. David Silliman Journal ......................... Publication Guidelines illiman JournaL welcomes submission of scholarly papers, research Sstudies, brief reports in all fields from both Philippine and foreign scholars, but papers must have some relevance to the Philippines, Asia, or the Pacific. All submissions are refereed. Silliman Journal is especially receptive to the work of new authors. Articles should be products of research taken in its broadest sense and should make an original contribution to their respective fields. Authors are advised to keep in mind that Silliman Journal has a general and international readership, and to structure their papers accordingly. Silliman Journal does not accept papers which are currently under consideration by other journals or which have been previously published elsewhere. The submission of an article implies that, if accepted, the author agrees that the paper can be published exclusively by the journal concerned. Manuscripts of up to 10,000 words, including tables and references, should conform to the conventions of format and style exemplified in a typical issue of Silliman Journal. Documentation of sources should be discipline-based. Whenever possible, citations should appear in the body of the paper, holding footnotes to a minimum. Tables must be held to a maximum of five. Pictures or illustrations will be accepted only when absolutely necessary. PUBLICATION GUIDELINES 12 All articles must be accompanied by an abstract of 200 words and keywords of not more than ten words, and must use gender-fair language. Silliman Journal likewise welcomes submissions of “Notes,” which generally are briefer and more tentative than full-length articles. Reports on work-in-progress, queries, updates, reports of impressions rather than research, responses to the works of others, even reminiscences are appropriate here. Silliman Journal also accepts for publication book reviews and review articles. Manuscripts should be submitted electronically in one Microsoft Word file (including title page, figures, tables, etc. in the file), preferably in RTF (.rtf). Figures and photos must also be attached to the email in .jpeg. Please send one copy of the manuscript as an e-mail attachment, with a covering message addressed to the Editor: [email protected] The Editor will endeavor to acknowledge all submissions, consider them promptly, and notify the authors as soon as these have been refereed. Each author is entitled to one complimentary copy of the journal. Additional copies are available by arrangement with the Editor or Business Manager before the issue goes to press. Other inquiries regarding editorial policies and contributions may be addressed to the Business Manager at [email protected], or the Editor at [email protected]. Silliman Journal Silliman Journal “The earth will not continue to offer its harvest, ......................... except with faithful stewardship. We cannot say we love the land and then take steps to Editorial Notes destroy it for use by future generations.” - Pope John Paul II n behalf of the Editorial Team, I am pleased to present this first Oissue of Silliman Journal 2020. Contained in this issue are articles from diverse fields – from the sciences, humanities, and social sciences. What seems to be the thread that binds them together is the theme on stewardship. The first article is a collaborative study on Mottled Rabbitfish or what is known locally as danggit by National Scientist Dr. Angel C. Alcala and his team composed of Abner Bucol, Lily Bucol, Lilibeth A. Bucol, Edwin F. Romano, Zoe Ruben, Micah Bachner, Giselle Ann A. Alvarez, Chris Bird, Beth A. Polidoro, and Kent E. Carpenter. The study examines not only the status of this species as a popular fish product in Negros Oriental but also its threats, particularly microplastics and overfishing. The next article is by Cynthia V. Almazan and Annie Melinda Paz-Alberto. It assesses the conservation programs implemented in the aquatic ecosystems traversing Pampanga River by looking into how these programs protect the environment, change people’s social behavior, promote economic benefits, and inspire policy formulation. In the third article, Nina Arra DJ. Rivera and Annie Melinda Paz- Alberto assess