Chronic Food Insecurity Situation Overview in 71 provinces of the Philippines 2015-2020 Key Highlights Summary of Classification Conclusions Summary of Underlying and Limiting Factors Out of the 71 provinces Severe chronic food insecurity (IPC Major factors limiting people from being food analyzed, Lanao del Sur, level 4) is driven by poor food secure are the poor utilization of food in 33 Sulu, Northern Samar consumption quality, quantity and provinces and the access to food in 23 provinces. and Occidental Mindoro high level of chronic undernutrition. Unsustainable livelihood strategies are major are experiencing severe In provinces at IPC level 3, quality of drivers of food insecurity in 32 provinces followed chronic food insecurity food consumption is worse than by recurrent risks in 16 provinces and lack of (IPC Level 4); 48 quantity; and chronic undernutrition financial capital in 17 provinces. provinces are facing is also a major problem. In the provinces at IPC level 3 and 4, the majority moderate chronic food The most chronic food insecure of the population is engaged in unsustainable insecurity (IPC Level 3), people tend to be the landless poor livelihood strategies and vulnerable to seasonal and 19 provinces are households, indigenous people, employment and inadequate income. affected by a mild population engaged in unsustainable Low-value livelihood strategies and high chronic food insecurity livelihood strategies such as farmers, underemployment rate result in high poverty (IPC Level 2). unskilled laborers, forestry workers, incidence particularly in Sulu, Lanao del Sur, Around 64% of the total fishermen etc. that provide Maguindanao, Sarangani, Bukidnon, Zamboanga population is chronically inadequate and often unpredictable del Norte (Mindanao), Northern Samar, Samar food insecure, of which income. Thus, it is likely that these (Visayas), and Masbate, Occidental Mindoro 17% moderately food people are not able to satisfy their (Luzon). These economic constraints coupled with insecure and 8% food and non-food needs in a the increase in retail prices of major commodities severely food insecure. sustainable manner. led to a decline in purchasing power. Population of Provinces highly susceptible to Food utilization is also poor in the majority of the moderately and severely flooding, landslides and drought are provinces as evidenced by low rates of exclusive food insecure account prone to experience excessive breastfeeding; and limited access to improved for nearly 22 million stresses on their coping sources of water, toilet and cooking fuel, which people. mechanisms. mostly limit food consumption quality and caring practices. Key for Map Chronic Food Insecurity Level Severe CFI Moderate CFI Mild CFI Minimal CFI Inadequate Evidence Not Analyzed Recurrence of Crisis Area classified as Crisis or worse during at least 3 years in previous 10 years Mapped level represents highest CFI severity for at least 20% of the households. Key for Callout Boxes Area Name Pop & % in Level 2,3,4 % of pp in 0% 100% each Level Aggregate Numbers Level % (‘000s) 1 36% )30,673 2 38% 32,782 3 17% 14,255 Disclaimer: The boundaries, names, 4 8% 7,008 and designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement = 10% of the pop or acceptance by collaborating agencies or the IPC Global Partners. Chronic analysis assumes % HH’s equals % pop For more information, contact: Analysis Partners & Supporting Organizations Ms. Hygeia Ceres Catalina B. Gawe ([email protected]) or Mr. Alberto C. Aduna ([email protected]) Table of Contents Chronic Food Insecurity Situation Overview in 71 provinces of the Philippines 2015-2020 ..... 1 Key conclusions, implications for response, process and next steps ........................................ 3 IPC Chronic classification results ............................................................................................. 3 Factors driving chronic food insecurity ................................................................................. 4 Main limiting factors ....................................................................................................... 5 Main underlying factors ................................................................................................... 6 Recommendations for response analysis by decision makers ................................................. 7 Annex A. IPC process for classification of chronic food insecurity ........................................... 7 Annex B. Population Estimates ................................................................................................. 8 Annex C. Summary Matrix of Limiting and Underlying Factors .............................................. 13 Page 2 of 17 Key conclusions, implications for response, process and next steps IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Classification has been implemented in the Philippines since 2015. Four rounds of IPC analyses have been completed covering 71 out of 81 provinces of which, 23 provinces are in the areas of Mindanao, 13 in Visayas, and 35 in Luzon. The provinces of Apayao, Basilan, Tawi-Tawi, Dinagat Islands, Antique, Biliran, Camarines Norte, Eastern Samar, Batanes, and Davao Occidental are not classified due to inadequate number of required reliable direct evidences needed for the analysis. IPC process for classification of chronic food insecurity is discussed in Annex A. The present report highlights the main conclusions and issues of the consolidated rounds of IPC-Chronic analyses. Provinces of Sulu, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sarangani, Bukidnon, Zamboanga del Norte (in Mindanao), Northern Samar, Samar (in Visayas), and Masbate, Occidental Mindoro (in Luzon) have higher levels of poverty and undernutrition. Food insecurity in these areas is caused by many factors such as unsustainable and low value livelihood strategies, low income, high retail prices, landlessness, and vulnerability to natural disasters and armed conflict. IPC CHRONIC CLASSIFICATION RESULTS Around 64% of the population nationwide which accounts for 54.9 million Filipinos are chronically 54.9 million (64%) food insecure (IPC-Chronic level 2 and above). Chronically Food Insecure Filipinos Specifically, this represents 39% mild, 17% moderate and 8% severe chronic food insecure population. Of the 71 provinces analyze: CFI Four provinces namely Lanao del Sur, Northern LanaoPopulation del Sur Samar, Occidental Mindoro and Sulu have been in million (%) Level classified in IPC-Chronic Level 4 (Severe Chronic Food Insecurity), accounting for 2 33.3 (39%) 658,000 people. Forty-eight provinces have been classified in IPC-Chronic Level 3 (Moderate Chronic Food 14.5 (17%) Insecurity) while the remaining nineteen 3 provinces have been classified in IPC-Chronic Level 2 (Mild Chronic Food Insecurity). 4 7.1 (8%) Approximately 21.6 million Filipinos are facing higher level chronic food insecurity (IPC-Chronic level 3 and 4). The population classified in IPC-Chronic Level 3 and 4 are of major concern which is highest in Lanao del Sur, Occidental Mindoro, and Northern Samar (50% to 52%) followed by Sulu, Masbate, Samar, IPC-Chronic Level 3 and above Zamboanga del Norte, Maguindanao, Sultan Kudarat, Southern Leyte, Zamboanga Sibugay, Bukidnon, and Saranggani (40 to 49%). The population estimates providing a summary of the number and percentage of Figure 1. Chronically food insecure population food insecure population is presented in Annex B. Page 3 of 17 FACTORS DRIVING CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY Overall, food consumption quality and chronic undernutrition are major cause of concern across the analyzed provinces. For the provinces in IPC-Chronic level 4 and most of the provinces in IPC-Chronic level 3, the main issue is not only the quality but also the quantity of food consumed, as well as chronic undernutrition. In the provinces classified under mild and moderate chronic food insecurity, quality of food consumption is worse than quantity; and chronic undernutrition is also a major problem. 7 to 8 out of 10 Filipinos have been consuming diets heavily dependent on higher ratio (>50% share) of starchy food intake. 4 out of 5 Filipino children are not eating minimum dietary diversified diet. 7 out of 10 Filipinos are reducing the quantity and ?? frequency of food consumption 4 to 5 out of 10 Filipino children are Main drivers ofMain insecurity drivers food stunted. Figure 2. Main drivers of chronic food insecurity The following are the major causes of higher level of chronic food insecurity based on the analysis findings: Due to heavy reliance on starches such as maize and rice, over 70% of the population have been consuming diets which are largely inadequate in terms of fat, proteins and micronutrients intake. Nearly 4 in 5 children are not eating minimum diversified diet which means they are having nutrient inadequacy in their diet. In a nutshell, diet diversity and micronutrient balance diet, key components of food consumption quality, are very poor. Around 60 to 70% of the population in severe chronic food insecure provinces are also suffering from severe food consumption gaps. These population reduce the quantity and frequency of food consumed to cope with the income shocks related to food or economic crises. Chronic malnutrition is measured by stunting (i.e. low height for age) and is due to the persistent inability to meet minimum micro- and macronutrient requirements, or the frequent recurrence of acute malnutrition episodes, or a combination of both. Prevalence of stunting among under