A Baseless Blame.Pdf
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
CPIN Pakistan Ahmadis
Country Policy and Information Note Pakistan: Ahmadis Version 4.0 March 2019 Preface Purpose This note provides country of origin information (COI) and analysis of COI for use by Home Office decision makers handling particular types of protection and human rights claims (as set out in the basis of claim section). It is not intended to be an exhaustive survey of a particular subject or theme. It is split into two main sections: (1) analysis of COI; and (2) COI. These are explained in more detail below. Assessment This section analyses the evidence relevant to this note – i.e. the COI section; refugee/human rights laws and policies; and applicable caselaw – by describing this and its inter-relationships, and provides an assessment on whether, in general: x A person is reasonably likely to face a real risk of persecution or serious harm x A person is able to obtain protection from the state (or quasi state bodies) x A person is reasonably able to relocate within a country or territory x Claims are likely to justify granting asylum, humanitarian protection or other form of leave, and x If a claim is refused, it is likely or unlikely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under section 94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. Decision makers must, however, still consider all claims on an individual basis, taking into account each case’s specific facts. Country of origin information The country information in this note has been carefully selected in accordance with the general principles of COI research as set out in the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI), dated April 2008, and the Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation’s (ACCORD), Researching Country Origin Information – Training Manual, 2013. -
Al-Azhar and the Orders of Knowledge
Al-Azhar and the Orders of Knowledge Dahlia El-Tayeb M. Gubara Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Dahlia El-Tayeb M. Gubara All rights reserved ABSTRACT Al-Azhar and the Orders of Knowledge Dahlia El-Tayeb M. Gubara Founded by the Fatimids in 970 A.D., al-Azhar has been described variously as “the great mosque of Islam,” “the brilliant one,” “a great seat of learning…whose light was dimmed.” Yet despite its assumed centrality, the illustrious mosque-seminary has elicited little critical study. The existing historiography largely relies on colonial-nationalist teleologies charting a linear narrative of greatness (the ubiquitous ‘Golden Age’), followed by centuries of decline, until the moment of European-inspired modernization in the late nineteenth century. The temporal grid is in turn plotted along a spatial axis, grounded in a strong centrifugal essentialism that reifies culturalist geographies by positioning Cairo (and al-Azhar) at a center around which faithfully revolve concentric peripheries. Setting its focus on the eighteenth century and beyond, this dissertation investigates the discursive postulates that organize the writing of the history of al-Azhar through textual explorations that pivot in space (between Europe and non-Europe) and time (modernity and pre- modernity). It elucidates shifts in the entanglement of disciplines of knowledge with those of ‘the self’ at a particular historical juncture and location, while paying close attention to the act of reading itself: its centrality as a concept and its multiple forms and possibilities as a method. -
Out of Sight*
ikramullah Out of Sight* It was an august afternoon. The sun, lodged in a sky washed clean by the rain, stared continuously at the world with its wrathful eyes. By that time, the traffic had died down and the main bazaar of the town of Sultan- pur had become completely deserted. The pitch-black road lying senseless in the middle of the bazaar, soaking wet with perspiration, had taken on an even darker hue. The shopkeepers sat quietly in their shops behind awnings fastened to bamboo poles extending out to the road. What wretch would leave his house in such weather to go shopping? Sitting on the chair inside his shop, Ismail saw his friendís eight- or ten-year-old son Mubashshir pass by under his awning, walking backwards with a satchel around his neck. A smile suddenly appeared on Ismailís face. Kids will be kids, he thought. Feeling bored and alone since he couldnít find anything to interest him, he had devised this private pastime of walking home backwards. Ismail called him over: ìHey Mubashshir, come here!î ìComing Baba Ji,î saying that, the boy climbed the two wooden-plank stairs and stood facing Ismail. His demeanor showed respect and his won- dering eyes were asking, ìWhatís the matter?î ìWhy are you walking backwards? Want to bump into some bicyclist or pedestrian?î ìNo, Baba Ji, Iím careful. Every now and then I turn around to look.î ìDonít act silly. Walk straight up the road, face forward. Do you understand?î The boy said yes, and as he started going down the two steps Ismail asked, ìIs your father back from Lahore yet?î ìNo. -
De Silva F1 I-Xii.Indd I 4/1/2008 5:36:27 PM De Silva F1 I-Xii.Indd Ii 4/1/2008 5:36:29 PM Uncovering the History of Africans in Asia
Uncovering the History of Africans in Asia de silva_f1_i-xii.indd i 4/1/2008 5:36:27 PM de silva_f1_i-xii.indd ii 4/1/2008 5:36:29 PM Uncovering the History of Africans in Asia Edited by Shihan de Silva Jayasuriya and Jean-Pierre Angenot LEIDEN • BOSTON 2008 de silva_f1_i-xii.indd iii 5/6/2008 8:00:11 PM Cover illustration: “The Nizam’s African Bodyguard at the 1877 Imperial Durbar: Mounted Toy Soldier by W.M. Hocker”. With kind permission of Kenneth and Joyce Robbins. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Uncovering the history of Africans in Asia / edited by Shihan de Silva Jayasuriya and Jean-Pierre Angenot. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-16291-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Africans—Asia—History. 2. African diaspora. I. Jayasuriya, Shihan de S. II. Angenot, Jean-Pierre. DS28.A35U53 2008 950.0496—dc22 2008009473 ISBN 978 90 04 16291 4 Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Brill has made all reasonable efforts to trace all rights holders to any copyrighted material used in this work. In cases where these efforts have not been successful the publisher welcomes communications from copyright holders, so that the appropriate acknowledgements can be made in future editions, and to settle other permission matters. -
The Baha'i Faith in Africa
The Baha’i Faith in Africa Establishing a New Religious Movement, 1952–1962 By Anthony A. Lee LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 Studies of Religion in Africa Edited by Benjamin Soares, Africa Studies Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Frans Wijsen, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands VOLUME 39 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lee, Anthony A., 1947– The Baha’i faith in Africa : establishing a new religious movement, 1952–1962 / by Anthony A. Lee. p. cm. — (Studies of religion in Africa ; v. 39) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-20684-7 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Bahai Faith—Africa—History. I. Title. II. Series. BP355.A35L44 2011 297.9’309609045—dc23 2011030296 ISSN 0169-9814 ISBN 978 90 04 20684 7 Copyright 2011 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Brill has made all reasonable efforts to trace all rights holders to any copyrighted material used in this work. In cases where these efforts have not been successful the publisher welcomes communications from copyright holders, so that the appropriate acknowledgements can be made in future editions, and to settle other permission matters. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. -
SLAVERY, ISLAM and DIASPORA Africa World Press
SLAVERY, ISLAM AND DIASPORA AFRICA WORLD PRESS Publications in Association with the Harriet Tubman Institute for Research on the Global Migrations of African Peoples Toyin Falola and Paul E. Lovejoy, eds., Pawnship, Slavery and Colonial- ism in Africa, 2003 Donald G. Simpson, Under the North Star: Black Communities in Upper Canada before Confederation (1867), 2005 Paul E. Lovejoy, Slavery, Commerce and Production in West Africa: Slave Society in the Sokoto Caliphate, 2005 Paul E. Lovejoy, Ecology and Ethnography of Muslim Trade in West Africa, 2005 Naana Opoku-Agyemang, Paul E. Lovejoy and David Trotman, eds., Africa and Trans-Atlantic Memories: Literary and Aesthetic Manifesta- tions of Diaspora and History, 2008 Boubacar Barry, Livio Sansone, and Elisée Soumonni, eds., Africa, Brazil, and the Construction of Trans-Atlantic Black Identities, 2008 Carolyn Brown and Paul E. Lovejoy, eds., Repercussions of the Atlantic Slave Trade: The Interior of the Bight of Biafra and the African Diaspora, 2009 Behnaz Asl Mirzai, Ismael Musah Montana, and Paul E. Lovejoy, eds., Slavery, Islam and Diaspora, 2009 Ana Lucia Araujo, Mariana Pinho Cândido and Paul E. Lovejoy, eds., Crossing Memories: Slavery and African Diaspora, 2009 SLAVERY, ISLAM AND DIASPORA Behnaz A. Mirzai, Ismael Musah Montana and Paul E. Lovejoy Copyright © 2009 Behnaz A. Mirzai, Ismael Musah Montana and Paul E. Lovejoy First Printing 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Book design: Saverance Publishing Services Cover design: Ashraful Haque Cover artwork: “North African man in travelling costume”, ca. -
Final Ba Honours History Syllabus 2019-Ugc Locf
!द#ी%व'%व(ालय UNIVERSITY OF DELHI Bachelor of Arts (Hons.) History (Effective from Academic Year 2019-20) Revised Syllabus as approved by Academic Council Date: No: Executive Council Date: No: Applicable for students registered with Regular Colleges, Non Collegiate Women’s Education Board and School of Open Learning !1 List of Contents Page No. Preamble 3 1. Introduction to the Honours Programme of the History Department 4 2. Learning Outcome-based Curriculum Framework in B.A. (Hons.) in History 4 2.1. Nature and Extent of the Programme in B.A. (Hons.) History 5 2.2. Aims of Bachelor Degree Programme in B.A. (Hons.) History 5 3. Graduate Attributes in B.A. (Hons.) History 6 4. Qualification Descriptors for Graduates B.A. (Hons.) History 7 5. Programme Learning Outcomes for in B.A. (Hons.) History 7 6. Structure of B.A. (Hons.) History Programme 8 6.1. Credit Distribution for B.A. (Hons.) History 9 6.2. Semester-wise Distribution of Courses. 12 7. Courses for B.A. (Hons.) HistoryProgramme 13 7.1. Course Learning Objective 15 7.2. Course Learning Outcomes 16 7.3. Course Teaching-Learning Process 18 7.4. Assessment Methods 19 8. Keywords 20 !2 !3 Preamble The objective of any programme at Higher Education Institute is to prepare their students for the society at large. The University of Delhi envisions all its programmes in the best interest of their students and in this endeavour it offers a new vision to all its Under-Graduate courses. It imbibes a Learning Outcome-based Curriculum Framework (LOCF) for all its Under Graduate programmes. -
The Amman Message
THE AMMAN MESSAGE the royal aal al-bayt institute for islamic thought 2009 • jordan THE AMMAN MESSAGE the royal aal al-bayt institute for islamic thought 2009 • jordan the royal aal al-bayt institute for islamic thought isbn 978 -9957 -428 -30 -3 CONTENTS Introduction v TheAmman Message 1 TheThree Points of theAmman Message 16 Grand List of Signatories 23 FrequentlyAsked Questions 84 INTRODUCTION heAmman Message starte2d7 as a detailed sta1t4em25 eanh t 9 released on t2h0e04evcee of the th of Ramadan T/ th November by H.M. King Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein in Amman, Jordan. It sought to declare what Islam is and what it is not, and what actions repre - sent it and what actions do not. Its goal was to clarify to the modern world the true nature of Islam and the nature of true Islam. In order to give this statement more religious authority, H.M. King Ab24dullah II then sent the follow - ing three questions to of the most senior religious scholars from all around the wo1rld representing all2the branches and schools of Islam: ( ) Who is a Muslim3? ( ) Is it permissible to declare someone an apostate (takfir)? ( ) Who v introduction hastherighttoundertakeissuingfatwas(legalrulings)? Based on the fatwas provided by these great scholars (who included the Sheikh Al-Azh2a0r 0;5 Acyeatollah Sistani and Sheikh Qaradawi), in July , H.M. King Abdullah2I0I0 convened an international Islamic confer - ence of o5f0 the world’s leading Islamic scholars ‘Ulama ) from countries. In Amman, the scholars unanimously issued a ruling on three fundamental issues (which became known as the ‘Three Points of the Amman Message’): 1 8 . -
Idlib Refugee Camps: People Syria Repels Israeli Warplanes’ Missile Barrage Targeting Hama
WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 8 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 42nd year No.13843 Saturday DECEMBER 26, 2020 Dey 6, 1399 Jumada Al Awwal 11, 1442 Rouhani congratulates Two Iranians in ‘Saudi-led aggression Tehran, Parisian photo world leaders, Pope IFFHS’s AFC Men Team kills over 3,800 exhibits feature Yalda Francis on Christmas Page 3 of 2020 Page 3 Yemeni children’ Page 5 Night traditional rites Page 8 Zarif warns outgoing Trump against last-minute adventurism TEHRAN — Iran’s foreign minister has over WMD fabrications, wasting $7 TRIL- warned U.S. President Donald Trump LION & causing 58,976 American casu- against any act of last-minute adventur- alties,” Zarif said, pointing to the 2003 ism against Iran before he departs the invasion of Iraq by the United States. White House. “FAR WORSE this time,” he warned. “@realDonaldTrump uses a worthless “Trump will bear full responsibility for photo to recklessly accuse Iran,” Moham- any adventurism on his way out.” Side effect of mad Javad Zarif wrote in a tweet after Late on Sunday, the Iraqi officials an- Trump claimed Iran was behind a rocket nounced that at least three Katyusha rockets attack on the U.S. embassy in Baghdad. had landed within Baghdad’s Green Zone. “Last time, the US ruined our region Continued on page 2 Rouhani inaugurates petchem projects worth €916m defeat TEHRAN – President Hassan Rouhani With the said projects going operation- inaugurated five petrochemical pro- al, over 900,000 tons have been added jects with a total investment of €916 to the country’s annual petrochemical Trump may seek to million in three provinces through a production capacity. -
Pakistan: Situation Der Ahmadi
Pakistan: Situation der Ahmadi Schnellrecherche der SFH-Länderanalyse Bern, 7. Mai 2018 Impressum Herausgeberin Schweizerische Flüchtlingshilfe SFH Postfach, 3001 Bern Tel. 031 370 75 75 Fax 031 370 75 00 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.fluechtlingshilfe.ch Spendenkonto: PC 30-1085-7 Sprachversionen Deutsch, französisch Copyright © 2018 Schweizerische Flüchtlingshilfe SFH, Bern Kopieren und Abdruck unter Quellenangabe erlaubt. 1 Einleitung Einer Anfrage an die SFH-Länderanalyse sind die folgenden Fragen entnommen: 1. Welche Informationen gibt es bezüglich der aktuellen Situation der Ahmadi , einschliess- lich in der Provinz Punjab? 2. Inwiefern hat sich ihre Situation in den Jahren 2016, 2017 und 2018 verschlechtert? Die Informationen beruhen auf einer zeitlich begrenzten Recherche (Schnellrecherche) in öffentlich zugänglichen Dokumenten, die der SFH derzeit zur Verfügung stehen, sowie auf den Informationen von sachkundigen Kontaktpersonen. 2 Situation der Ahmadi 2.1 Rechtlicher Rahmen, staatliche Verantwortung Hintergrundinformationen zur Ahmadi-Gemeinschaft. Gemäss den UNHCR-Richtlinien zur Einschätzung des internationalen Schutzbedarfs von Mitgliedern religiöser Minderheiten in Pakistan vom Januar 2017 und New York Times (NYT, 19. Oktober 2017) wurde die Ahmadi-Bewegung (Ahmadiyya Jama’at) 1889 in der Stadt Qadian im heute indischen Teil von Punjab als Reformbewegung innerhalb des Islam gegründet. Schätzungen zur Zahl der Ahmadi in Pakistan reichen gemäss UNHCR (Januar 2017) von 126‘000 bis mehrere Millio- nen. NYT (19. Oktober 2017) berichtet von Schätzungen zwischen 500‘000 und vier Millio- nen; viele Ahmadi identifizierten sich in der Öffentlichkeit nicht als Ahmadi, andere nähmen nicht an Volkszählungen teil. Laut NYT (19. Oktober 2017) werden Ahmadi auch als Qadiani bezeichnet, was sie selbst als abwertend empfänden. -
Elachi Georgetown 0076D 136
CHILDREN AND SLAVE EMANCIPATION IN FRENCH ALGERIA AND TUNISIA (1846- 1892) A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History By Soha C. El Achi, M.A. Washington, DC December 9, 2016 Copyright 2016 by Soha El Achi All Rights Reserved ii CHILDREN AND SLAVE EMANCIPATION IN FRENCH ALGERIA AND TUNISIA (1846- 1892) Soha C. El Achi, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Osama Abi-Mershed, Ph.D. ABSTRACT In the second half of the nineteenth century, both the slave trade and slavery were illegal in Algeria, Tunisia, and the rest of France’s colonial empire. Yet, from the fringes of the Sahara to the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, thousands of slaves, mainly women and children, continued to be sold, bought and freed. This dissertation looks at the experiences of servitude and liberation of the children who were born or sold into slavery between the last three decades of the nineteenth century, when France was expanding its imperial territory in Africa and undergoing profound political and social changes in the metropole under the Third Republic. Two main arguments run through the dissertation. First, I argue that, during the fifty years that followed official abolition, sub-Saharan Africans living in Algeria and Tunisia still tended to perform the same economic and social roles as before 1848, and that official abolition reinforced and crystallized racial, class, and gender hierarchies in Algeria and Tunisia. The second argument is that the narrative of slavery, abolition and emancipation in modern North Africa is part of a complex trans-regional history that includes the Americas, metropolitan France, and sub-Saharan Africa. -
Report of the Court of Inquiry 1954 (Punjab Disturbances 1953)
REPORT of THE COURT OF INQUIRY constituted under PUNJAB ACT II OF 1954 to enquire into the PUNJAB DISTURBANCES OF 1953 ht contain some errors. errors. ht contain some g Lahore Printed by the Superintendent, Government printing, Punjab 1954 roofDocument read. still mi p OCR and CONTENTS Pages Introductory … 1 PART I — FROM PARTITION TO LAHORE CONVENTION The Controversy … 9 Ahmadis … 9 The Ahrar … 10 Arrest of two Ahrar Leaders … 13 Murder of Major Mahmud … 13 Speeches by Ahrar Leaders … 14 Stoning to death of Ahmadis in Afghanistan and the ‘Ash-Shahab’ … 17 More Murders … 24 Yaum-i-Tashakkur … 28 Ahmadi Mosque burnt … 30 Other speeches by Ahrar … 31 Policy and measures … 33 More speeches by Bukhari … 36 Section 144 orders enforced against public meetings in mosques : Sargodha and Gujranwala cases … 62 Chaudhri Zafrullah Khan’s speech in Jehangir Park … 75 All Pakistan Muslim Parties Convention in Karachi … 77 All Muslim Parties Convention, Lahore … 78 Newspapers … 81 The Department of Islamiat … 87 PART II — FROM THE LAHORE CONVENTION TO ARREST OF ULAMA IN KARACHI AND PUNJAB (14TH JULY 1952 TO 27TH FEBRUARY 1963) Section 144 orders recalled … 89 The Kup incident … 92 Subsequent events … 99 Newspapers … 101 ii PART II — CONCLUDED The ‘Azad’ … 101 The ‘Afaq’ … 103 The ‘Ehsan’ … 104 The ‘Maghribi Pakistan’ … 105 More speeches; Policy reconsidered … 117 Activities of the Ulama and their interviews with the Prime Minister and the Chief Minister … 125 Direct action decided upon … 136 Preparations to meet the threat of Direct action … 137 Preliminary measures … 145 PART III — THE DISTURBANCES (FROM 27TH FEBRUARY TO END OF DISTURBANCES) Account of disturbances … 151 Lahore … 151 Mr.