Annual Report MIARAKA | TOGETHER

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Annual Report MIARAKA | TOGETHER 2017 LEMUR CONSERVATION FOUNDATION Annual Report MIARAKA | TOGETHER 1 On the cover: A silky sifaka photographed by Dr. Erik Patel in Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve. Pictured on the inside covers are scenic views of Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve (ASSR) and neighboring villages (front) and Marojejy National Park (back) in northeastern Madagascar. The Lemur Conservation Foundation works with partners on the ground to support these mountainous rainforest reserves, and established Camp Indri in ASSR as an ecotourism destination. Spanning 280 sq km (108 square miles), ASSR is home to at least 11 species of lemurs, including critically endangered indri and silky sifakas, and a wide variety of rare plants and wildlife. Photo credit: Dr. Erik Patel 2 Dear Friends OF THE LEMUR you make it possible to protect 830 square Conservation Foundation, miles of pristine lemur habitat as well as create sustainable livelihoods in Madagas- Table of contents The Lemur Conservation Foundation’s car, educate the next generation of con- progress toward our vital mission to save servationists, and expand our conservation the primates of Madagascar from extinc- breeding program at our lemur reserve in Director’S Letter 1 tion is made possible only by the combined Florida. Thank you for partnering with us efforts, compassion, and support of our to create positive change for lemurs, com- Lemurs 2 Malagasy partners, generous donors, dedi- munities, and our planet. cated Board of Directors, expert Scientific reserve 4 Advisory Council, researchers, artists, With gratitude, educators, and committed staff, interns, and volunteers. madagascar 6 Miaraka is the Malagasy word for togeth- er, and together we share and demonstrate Dr. Alison Grand research 8 our commitment to saving lemurs and their Executive Director diminishing habitat in Madagascar. education 10 Habitat loss, the single biggest threat to lemurs and Madagascar’s exceptional biodiversity, is rooted in extreme poverty art 12 and non-sustainable land-use practices. Because of this we are working with local events 13 communities to decrease the reliance on forest resources and increase the benefits staff & INTERNS 16 of protecting forest habitats. Only by work- ing together can we protect the natural resources necessary for the health of both volunteers 18 communities and wildlife in Madagascar. It is more urgent than ever for us to con- financials 20 tinue and intensify our lemur conservation efforts. Only 15% of Madagascar remains DONORS 22 covered in forest, with nearly 40% of the natural forest cover being lost over the last four decades. Through your support of the Lemur Conservation Foundation, 3 lemurs The Lemur Conservation Foundation ed one ring-tailed lemur and three is home to 54 lemurs covering six mongoose lemurs. Known for her four species. LCF works with the Associa- year history of producing twins, staff tion of Zoos and Aquariums Species were surprised when ring-tailed lemur Survival Plans to ensure the long-term matriarch Ansell gave birth to one health and genetic diversity of man- large healthy infant on April 1. This aged lemur populations. As lemurs infant, a male named Foster, marks continue to struggle in the wild, LCF’s Ansell’s 12th infant born at LCF. lemurs continue to play a critical role Mongoose lemur partners Kikeli in maintaining a genetic safety net and Felix welcomed their fourth infant for lemurs that are threatened with on April 6. Mirabel joined her par- extinction. ents and older siblings Mateo (2014) In 2017, LCF had some important and Consuela (2016) to become the additions to the ring-tailed lemur and largest mongoose lemur family on the mongoose lemur populations. These reserve. Recent partners Leena and births were particularly significant Merced also became parents in May because of the status of these popula- to a female, Jorga. Jorga is the pair’s tions. With ring-tailed lemurs desig- third offspring, joining older siblings nated as endangered and mongoose Julieta (2015) and Javier (2016). Our lemurs as critically endangered, every last mongoose lemur infant was born infant helps to ensure the survival of to long-time companions Emilia and their species. Bimbini. Rico joined older sibling Ro- This year our additions includ- salita (2015) as the pair’s fifth offspring. INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE STATUS KEY CRITICALLY ENdaNGERED – Extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future. ENdaNGERED – Very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future. NEAR THREATENED – Close to facing a high risk of extinction in the Ring-tailed lemur mother and infant, Ansell and Foster wild in the medium-term future. 4 LCF Lemur population update SPECIES 2017 IUCN STATUS 2017 LCF POPULATION MONGOOSE LEMUR Critically Endangered 18 Eulemur mongoz RED RUFFED LEMUR Critically Endangered 6 Varecia rubra RING-TAILED LEMUR Endangered 17 Lemur catta COLLARED BROWN LEMUR Endangered 6 Eulemur collaris SANFORD’s brOWN LEMUR Endangered 1 Eulemur sanfordi COMMON BROWN LEMUR Near Threatened 6 Eulemur fulvus percentage OF N. American ZOO population housed at lcf MONGOOSE LEMUR 25% RED RUFFED LEMUR 3% RING-TAILED LEMUR 3% COLLARED BROWN LEMUR 16% SANFORD’s brOWN LEMUR 100% COMMON BROWN LEMUR 46% (above) Mongoose lemur mother and infant, Kikeli and Mirabel; (below) Red ruffed lemurs Orana Wood and Rivotra 5 reserve ELIZABETH MOORE FOREST HABITAT LCF has made it a top prior- ity to increase the number of lemur forest habitats to house our growing lemur popula- tion. Since our forests exceed typical home ranges for many lemur species, we decided to start with the cost-effective solution of dividing our largest forest into two ample lemur LCF Hurricane Irma ride-out crew Damage from Hurricane Irma habitats. Once the ground was suitable for heavy equipment, HURRICANE IRMA Dean’s Tree Service began the work of removing fallen In early September, LCF braced itself for lemurs did not seem to mind their night trees from the hurricane and the arrival of Hurricane Irma. We were indoors and happily resumed their normal clearing the area for the new extremely grateful to our supporters for the breakfast routine. We were fortunate that fence line. The new forest will outpouring of donated hurricane supplies most of our buildings and structures were give us the ability to house to help us prepare for the storm. As the not damaged, and our generators kept the three new lemur groups in an rains began the day before the projected wells, fans, and refrigerators running until enriching and spacious forest landfall, the staff moved the lemurs into our power was restored a week follow- habitat. The forest will be their sturdy indoor, concrete block buildings ing the storm. Although the Jim Toomey completed and ready to house to safely ride out the storm. The hurricane Woods Lemur Habitat suffered extensive new lemur groups in 2018. ride-out crew stayed on-site to care for the damage, we took this as an opportunity lemurs and manage operations through to begin our project of dividing Toomey the storm. After the storm passed, the staff Woods to create an additional forest space, quickly went to work checking on the le- the Elizabeth Moore Lemur Habitat fund- murs and assessing the storm damage. The ed by LCF Trustee Elizabeth Moore. 6 LEAP FOR LEMURS In 2017, LCF began work on its most exciting re- serve initiative since the construction of the Miana- tra Center for Lemur Studies, Marilyn K. North Lemur Lodge, Jim Toomey Woods, and Michael and Jean Martin Quarantine in 2005. Generous support for the Leap for Lemurs Campaign (2016- 2018) is allowing LCF to create an additional lemur forest habitat and building, a lemur clinic, and main- tenance workshop and funding operations. With 74% of the $2.2M raised towards the campaign goal, LCF created design plans for the maintenance workshop and lemur building and began construc- tion of the Elizabeth Moore Forest Habitat. With this significant expansion, we can continue our suc- cessful conservation breeding program and provide exceptional care for our resident lemurs. (top) LCF Campus Plan by CLR Design; (bottom left) Aerial view of Jim Toomey Woods; (bottom right) Clearing for forest division 7 madagascar 2017 marked the third year in LCF’s covered picnic table. expanding conservation program in On the remote west side of Marojejy northeastern Madagascar. Our programs National Park, we built a 150 foot long are based on the Lemur Action Plan, a footbridge through our collaboration comprehensive guide to saving lemurs in with Seacology and the village Antsa- the wild by the International Union for haberaoka. This village is critical to silky the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Our sifaka conservation and children were commitment to ecotourism, one of the unable to reach the new school primary objectives of the Lemur Action without the bridge. Plan, was fully realized with the comple- A variety of community-based conser- tion of Camp Indri. vation programs are underway including Made possible through the generosity reforestation, environmental education, of Emily H. Fisher, Camp Indri is the fuel-efficient stoves, fish farming, forest only established campsite in Anjana- monitoring and family planning. Several haribe-Sud Special Reserve (ASSR), a silky sifaka and other research projects 108 square mile mountainous rainforest. are being planned for 2018. Visitors may now enjoy four covered tent shelters, the Emily Fisher dining (top left) World Lemur Festival; (top right) New pavilion, running water, toilet/shower picnic table at Camp Indri; (middle) Footbridge; buildings, and a newly completed (bottom) Tree nursery at Antanetiambo 8 Raised more than 284 7,000 trees in two FUEL EFFICIENT nurseries stoves Distributed Covered picnic table completed at CAMP INDRI 2 NEW COMMUNITY AND 20 private fish ponds UNDER construction Provided family planning 38 Malagasy services to students hosted at over 150 Camp Indri for women 3-day field trips in 8 villages Paratilapia polleni harvested from OUR 4,000 MODEL fish pond Organized WORLD LEMUR Festival IN WHICH over 1,500 people participated 150 ft.
Recommended publications
  • In Situ Conservation
    NEWSN°17/DECEMBER 2020 Editorial IN SITU CONSERVATION One effect from 2020 is for sure: Uncertainty. Forward planning is largely News from the Little Fireface First, our annual SLOW event was impossible. We are acting and reacting Project, Java, Indonesia celebrated world-wide, including along the current situation caused by the By Prof K.A.I. Nekaris, MA, PhD by project partners Kukang Rescue Covid-19 pandemic. All zoos are struggling Director of the Little Fireface Project Program Sumatra, EAST Vietnam, Love economically after (and still ongoing) Wildlife Thailand, NE India Primate temporary closures and restricted business. The Little Fireface Project team has Investments in development are postponed Centre India, and the Bangladesh Slow at least. Each budget must be reviewed. been busy! Despite COVID we have Loris Project, to name a few. The end In the last newsletter we mentioned not been able to keep up with our wild of the week resulted in a loris virtual to forget about the support of the in situ radio collared slow lorises, including conference, featuring speakers from conservation efforts. Some of these under welcoming many new babies into the the helm of the Prosimian TAG are crucial 11 loris range countries. Over 200 for the survival of species – and for a more family. The ‘cover photo’ you see here people registered, and via Facebook sustainable life for the people involved in is Smol – the daughter of Lupak – and Live, more than 6000 people watched rd some of the poorest countries in the world. is our first 3 generation birth! Having the event.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Human Disturbance on the Mongoose Lemur Eulemur Mongoz in Comoros: Implications and Potential for the Conservation of a Critically Endangered Species
    Effects of human disturbance on the mongoose lemur Eulemur mongoz in Comoros: implications and potential for the conservation of a Critically Endangered species B AKRI N ADHUROU,ROBERTA R IGHINI,MARCO G AMBA,PAOLA L AIOLO A HMED O ULEDI and C RISTINA G IACOMA Abstract The decline of the mongoose lemur Eulemur mon- conversion of forests into farmland, habitat loss and frag- goz has resulted in a change of its conservation status from mentation, hunting for meat, and direct persecution as agri- Vulnerable to Critically Endangered. Assessing the current cultural pests (Schwitzer et al., ). Shortage of essential threats to the species and the attitudes of the people coexist- resources, poverty and food insecurity often accentuate an- ing with it is fundamental to understanding whether and thropogenic pressures. Human well-being is dependent on how human impacts may affect populations. A question- biodiversity (Naeem et al., ) but many activities deemed naire-based analysis was used to study the impact of agricul- indispensable for human subsistence lead to biodiversity ture and other subsistence activities, and local educational losses (Díaz et al., ; Reuter et al., ). Damage to initiatives, on lemur abundance, group size and compos- crops, livestock or human life by wildlife provides sufficient ition in the Comoros. On the islands of Mohéli and motivation for people to eradicate potential animal compe- Anjouan we recorded lemurs in groups, the size titors (Ogada et al., ) and to reduce the quantity and and composition of which depended both on environmental quality of natural habitats on private and communal lands parameters and the magnitude and type of anthropogenic (Albers & Ferraro, ).
    [Show full text]
  • Lemur Bounce!
    Assets – Reections Icon Style CoverAssets Style – Reections 1 Icon Style Y E F O N Cover StyleR O M M R A A Y E F D O N C A S R O GA M M R A D A AGASC LemurVISUAL Bounce! BRAND LearningGuidelines and Sponsorship Pack VISUAL BRAND Guidelines 2 Lemur Bounce nni My name is Lennie Le e Bounce with me B .. ou and raise money to n c protect my Rainforest e L ! home! L MfM L 3 What is a Lemur Bounce? A Lemur Bounce is a sponsored event for kids to raise money by playing bouncing games. In this pack: * Learning fun for kids including facts and quizzes Indoor crafts and outside bouncing games for * the Lemur Bounce Day * Links to teaching resources for schools * Lesson planning ideas for teachers * Everything you need for a packed day of learning and fun! Contents Fun Bounce activities Page No. Let’s BounceBounce – YourLemur valuable support 5 n n Lemur Bouncee i e L – Basics 7 B u o Planningn for a Lemur Bounce Day 8 c L e Lemur! Bounce Day Assembly 8 Make L a Lemur Mask 9 Make a Lemur Tail & Costume 10 Games 11-12 Sponsorship Forms 13-14 Assets – Reections M f Certificates 15-20 Icon Style M Cover Style L Y E F O N R Fun Indoor activities O M M R A Planning your lessons for a Lemur Bounce Day 22 D A A SC GA Fun Facts about Madagascar 23 Fun Facts about Lemurs 24 Colouring Template 25 VISUAL BRAND Guidelines Word Search 26 Know your Lemurs 27 Lemur Quiz 28 Madagascar Quiz 29-31 Resources 32 Song and Dance 33 Contact us 34 LEMUR BOUNCE BOUNCE fM FOR MfM LEMUR BASICS Y NE FO O R WHAT ‘LEM OUNC“ ‘ DO YOU KNOW YOUR LEMUR M Have you ever seen a lemur bounce? Maaasar is ome to over 0 seies o endemi lemurs inluding some M very ouncy ones lie the Siaa lemur ut tese oreous rimates are highl endangere e need to at R Let’s Bounce - Your valuable support A no to sae teir aitat and rotect tem rom etin tion arity Mone or Maaasar is alling out to A D C Wherechildren does everywhere the money to organizego? a fun charity ‘lemur bounce’.
    [Show full text]
  • Inspection Report
    United States Department of Agriculture Customer: 2562 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Inspection Date: 08-SEP-14 Animal Inspected at Last Inspection Cust No Cert No Site Site Name Inspection 2562 33-C-0001 001 PEORIA PARK DISTRICT 08-SEP-14 Count Species 000001 Cattle/cow/ox/watusi 000003 Red-necked wallaby 000002 Slender-tailed meerkat 000004 Cotton-top tamarin 000003 Mandrill *Male 000002 Grevys zebra 000001 Gerenuk 000002 Reeve's muntjac 000001 European polecat 000001 Kinkajou 000002 Black-and-rufous elephant shrew 000001 Maned wolf 000003 Black-handed spider monkey 000003 Thomsons gazelle 000001 Prehensile-tailed porcupine 000021 Common mole-rat 000003 Cape Porcupine 000002 Takin 000004 Southern three-banded armadillo 000002 Lion 000001 California sealion 000004 Eastern black and white colobus 000002 African wild ass 000005 Tiger 000004 Goat 000002 Mongoose lemur 000003 Red River Hog 000002 White rhinoceros 000002 Hoffmanns two-toed sloth 000001 Sugar glider 000002 Giraffe 000003 Parma wallaby 000022 Greater spear-nosed bat 000001 Llama 000002 Chinchilla 000002 Ring-tailed lemur 000005 European rabbit 000125 Total United States Department of Agriculture Customer: 2562 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Inspection Date: 12-NOV-15 Animal Inspected at Last Inspection Cust No Cert No Site Site Name Inspection 2562 33-C-0001 001 PEORIA PARK DISTRICT 12-NOV-15 Count Species 000001 Northern tree shrew 000001 Cattle/cow/ox/watusi 000003 Red-necked wallaby 000005 Slender-tailed meerkat 000004 Cotton-top tamarin 000002 Mandrill
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT GENUS VARECIA: ANATOMY, MORPHOLOGY, and PATHOLOGY Elise R. Orellana, MS Department of Biological Sciences Northern Illi
    ABSTRACT GENUS VARECIA: ANATOMY, MORPHOLOGY, AND PATHOLOGY Elise R. Orellana, MS Department of Biological Sciences Northern Illinois University, 2015 Virginia L. Naples, Director An anatomical normal was established for the forelimb and hindlimb of the Genus Varecia through observation of skeletal remains and a detailed dissection of the musculature of a black and white ruffed lemur, Varecia variegata. This was used as a healthy state for comparison with a red ruffed lemur, Varecia rubra, displaying a periosteal disease affecting the long bones. This disease presented as large lesions growing along the diaphyses and epiphyses of the ulna, radius, tibia and fibula as well as on the carpals, metacarpals, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges. Dissection showed that these lesions avoided the points of origin and insertion of the limb musculature. Instead, the calcified lesions grew over the tendons and some muscle in the wrist and ankles reducing dexterity and range of motion in climbing and walking activities. This study determined the initial diagnosis of primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy to be a misdiagnosis based on the absence of the three main symptoms of the disease: finger clubbing, pachydermia, and periostitis. Instead the location, size, and progression of the bony lesions make Nora’s lesions (bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation) are more appropriate diagnosis. The skeletomuscular data provided in this work allow for Varecia to be used as a model for morphological studies, in disease recognition and diagnosis, and answered questions regarding the effects of the periosteal disease described. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DE KALB, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2015 GENUS VARECIA: ANATOMY, MORPHOLOGY, AND PATHOLOGY BY ELISE R.
    [Show full text]
  • Logical Inferences from Visual and Auditory Information in Ruffed Lemurs and Sifakas
    Animal Behaviour xxx (xxxx) xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Animal Behaviour journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/anbehav Logical inferences from visual and auditory information in ruffed lemurs and sifakas * Francesca De Petrillo a, b, , Alexandra G. Rosati b, c a Institute for Advance Study in Toulouse, 1, Esplanade de l'Universite, Toulouse, France b Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A. c Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A. article info Inference by exclusion, or the ability to select a correct course of action by systematically excluding other Article history: potential alternatives, is a form of logical inference that allows individuals to solve problems without Received 17 October 2019 complete information. Current comparative research shows that several bird, mammal and primate Initial acceptance 24 December 2019 species can find hidden food through inference by exclusion. Yet there is also wide variation in how Final acceptance 31 January 2020 successful different species are as well as the kinds of sensory information they can use to do so. An Available online xxx important question is therefore why some species are better at engaging in logical inference than others. MS. number: A19-00797R Here, we investigate the evolution of logical reasoning abilities by comparing strepsirrhine primate species that vary in dietary ecology: frugivorous ruffed lemurs (Varecia spp.) and folivorous Coquerel's Keywords: sifakas, Propithecus coquereli. Across two studies, we examined their abilities to locate food using direct auditory information information versus inference from exclusion and using both visual and auditory information.
    [Show full text]
  • Large Lemurs: Ecological, Demographic and Environmental Risk Factors for Weight Gain in Captivity
    animals Article Large Lemurs: Ecological, Demographic and Environmental Risk Factors for Weight Gain in Captivity Emma L. Mellor 1,* , Innes C. Cuthill 2, Christoph Schwitzer 3, Georgia J. Mason 4 and Michael Mendl 1 1 Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK; [email protected] 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK; [email protected] 3 Dublin Zoo, Phoenix Park, Dublin 8, D08 WF88, Ireland; [email protected] 4 Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 29 June 2020; Accepted: 12 August 2020; Published: 18 August 2020 Simple Summary: Excessive body mass, i.e., being overweight or obese, is a health concern. Some lemur species are prone to extreme weight gain in captivity, yet for others a healthy body condition is typical. The first aim of our study was to examine possible ecological explanations for these species’ differences in susceptibility to captive weight gain across 13 lemur species. Our second aim was to explore demographic and environmental risk factors across individuals from the four best-sampled species. We found a potential ecological explanation for susceptibility to captive weight gain: being adapted to unpredictable wild food resources. Additionally, we also revealed one environmental and four demographic risk factors, e.g., increasing age and, for males, being housed with only fixed climbing structures. Our results indicate targeted practical ways to help address weight issues in affected animals, e.g., by highlighting at-risk species for whom extra care should be taken when designing diets; and by providing a mixture of flexible and fixed climbing structures within enclosures.
    [Show full text]
  • Population and Habitat Assessments for Diurnal and Cathemeral Lemurs Using Surveys, Satellite Imagery and GIS
    Oryx Vol 39 No 2 April 2005 The state of lemur conservation in south-eastern Madagascar: population and habitat assessments for diurnal and cathemeral lemurs using surveys, satellite imagery and GIS Mitchell T. Irwin, Steig E. Johnson and Patricia C. Wright Abstract The unique primates of south-eastern information system, and censuses are used to establish Madagascar face threats from growing human popula- range boundaries and develop estimates of population tions. The country’s extant primates already represent density and size. These assessments are used to identify only a subset of the taxonomic and ecological diversity regions and taxa at risk, and will be a useful baseline existing a few thousand years ago. To prevent further for future monitoring of habitat and populations. Precise losses remaining taxa must be subjected to effective estimates are impossible for patchily-distributed taxa monitoring programmes that directly inform conserva- (especially Hapalemur aureus, H. simus and Varecia tion efforts. We offer a necessary first step: revision of variegata variegata); these taxa require more sophisticated geographic ranges and quantification of habitat area modelling. and population size for diurnal and cathemeral (active during both day and night) lemurs. Recent satellite Keywords Conservation status, geographic range, GIS, images are used to develop a forest cover geographical lemurs, Madagascar, population densities, primates. Introduction diseases (Burney, 1999). However, once this ecoregion was inhabited, its combination of abundant timber and The island nation of Madagascar has recently been nutrient-poor soil (causing a low agricultural tenure classified as both a megadiversity country and one of time) led to rapid deforestation. 25 biodiversity hotspots, a classification reserved for Green & Sussman (1990) used satellite images from regions combining high biodiversity with high levels 1973 and 1985 and vegetation maps from 1950 to recon- of habitat loss and extinction risk (Myers et al., 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Cathemeral Activity Patterns of the Blue-Eyed Black Lemur Eulemur Macaco Flavifrons in Intact and Degraded Forest Fragments
    ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Printed October 2007 Vol. 3: 239–247, 2007 Endang Species Res Published online September 12, 2007 Cathemeral activity patterns of the blue-eyed black lemur Eulemur macaco flavifrons in intact and degraded forest fragments Nora Schwitzer1, Werner Kaumanns1, Peter C. Seitz2, Christoph Schwitzer3,* 1Working Group Primatology, Zoologischer Garten Köln, Riehler Strasse 173, 50735 Köln, Germany 2Department of Biophysics, Technische Universität München, James Franck Strasse, 85748 Garching, Germany 3Bristol Zoo Gardens, Clifton, Bristol BS8 3HA, UK ABSTRACT: This study describes the activity pattern of the blue-eyed black lemur Eulemur macaco flavifrons for the first time and investigates the parameters, such as season or habitat, that may influ- ence the distribution of activity over the 24 h cycle. Four groups of E. m. flavifrons in 2 forest frag- ments with different degrees of degradation were followed for 24 h mo–1 over a 7 mo period between July 2004 and July 2005. Blue-eyed black lemurs exhibited a bimodal activity pattern which peaked during the morning and evening twilight. The groups consistently showed activity bouts both during the day and at night, a behaviour that corresponds to Tattersall’s (1987) definition of cathemerality. The proportion of illuminated lunar disc and the nocturnal illumination index were positively associ- ated with the amount of nocturnal activity. Total activity, both diurnal and nocturnal, was signifi- cantly higher in the secondary than in the primary forest. In view of our results, the cathemeral behaviour of E. m. flavifrons may best be explained as flexible responses to a framework of varying environmental factors, each of which may enhance or inhibit activity within the lemurs’ range of adaptability.
    [Show full text]
  • Rare Mammals of Madagascar
    Rare Mammals of Madagascar Trip Highlights from November 2019 and May 2016 by Ian Loyd Introduction Madagascar must be one of the most extraordinary destinations in the world for those interested in natural history. This record of some stand out sightings and where to find key species will hopefully help those planning a trip. Often referred to as the “Eighth Continent” and “The Big Red Island”, Madagascar is the world’s oldest and fourth largest island and after millions of years of isolation, a wildlife holiday there is truly unlike anywhere else. There is a vast range of ecosystems to explore: wet rainforest, dry tropical deciduous forest and the unique spiny forest found only in Madagascar’s far southwest. In addition, there are also coral reefs and stunning white sand beaches to enjoy along the coast, plus the unique stone forests known as tsingy and fascinating cultures to discover. Nearly all of Madagascar’ staggering biodiversity is found nowhere else and much of it is sadly increasingly threatened with extinction. Wildlife highlights undoubtably include the mysterious nocturnal aye aye, iconic ring-tailed lemur, the beautiful sifaka family, the agile indri, tiny mouse lemurs, charismatic fossa, both giant and miniature chameleons, camouflaged leaf-tailed geckos, colourful frogs and its fantastically varied endemic birds. (2)…/ Wildlife tourism has emerged as a major source of foreign income for Madagascar. By visiting you contribute directly to the conservation of its precious remaining forests with their unique wildlife, and the welfare of its people who are among the poorest (yet friendliest) in the world. Your presence facilitates the hiring of park rangers who guard the precious reserves from illegal logging, slash-and-burn farmers and bush-meat hunters.
    [Show full text]
  • From Darkness to Daylight: Cathemeral Activity in Primates
    JASs Invited Reviews Journal of Anthropological Sciences Vol. 84 (2006), pp. 1-117-32 From darkness to daylight: cathemeral activity in primates Giuseppe Donati & Silvana M. Borgognini-Tarli Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Antropologia, Università di Pisa, Via S. Maria, 55, Pisa, Italy, e-mail: [email protected] Summary – Within the primate order, Haplorrhini and Strepsirrhini are adapted to diurnal or nocturnal lifestyle. However, Malagasy lemurs exhibit a wide range of activity patterns, from almost completely nocturnal to almost completely diurnal, while others are active over the 24-hours. Cathemerality, the term minted by Tattersall (1987) to define the latter activity style, has been recorded in Eulemur and Hapalemur, as well as in some populations of the New World monkey Aotus. As most animals specialize in a particular phase of the 24- hour cycle, the cathemeral strategy is expected to be the consequence of powerful pressures. We will review hypotheses and findings on ultimate reasons of primate cathemeral activity, present proximate factors shaping the activity cycle and discuss the possible roles of feeding competition, food shortage and dietary quality, thermoregulation, and predation in making this activity advantageous. Overall, we will see how unstable environments and various community characteristics would tend to select for a flexible activity phase. Most attempts to explain cathemerality have relied on adaptive explanations, which assume that this activity is stable and deep-rooted. In contrast, some researchers have suggested that cathemerality represents a non-adaptive transitional state between nocturnality and diurnality. Chronobiology studies indicate that cathemeral species should be considered as dark active primates, thus favouring a recent origin.
    [Show full text]
  • (Eulemur Mongoz) at the Lemur Conservation Foundation, Myakka City, Florida
    1 Exploring the Impacts of Temperature on the Activity Patterns of Mongoose Lemurs (Eulemur mongoz) at the Lemur Conservation Foundation, Myakka City, Florida _________________________ An Honors Thesis Presented to The Independently Designed Major Program The Colorado College _________________________ by Rebecca Twinney May 2017 Approved: ____________________________Krista Fish Date: ________________________________ 04/19/2017 2 Abstract This study focused on the activity patterns of a male-female pair of semi-free ranging mongoose lemurs (Eulemur mongoz) in Myakka City, Florida. Despite hypotheses that a change in temperature drives the seasonal shift in the species’ activity patterns, previous research has been unable to conclusively isolate this variable. Because the semi-free ranging environment at the Lemur Conservation Foundation provided a constant food source and limited predation, it enabled this study to isolate the effect of temperature. The data illustrated no significant difference between hourly activity levels during sampling periods in the summer and fall of 2016 (P = 0.32). Despite lower temperatures in the fall (P = 0.01), the lemurs’ activity patterns did not significantly alter from those in the warmer summer months. These findings indicate that seasonal food availability, rather than temperature, drives the shifting activity patterns of wild mongoose lemurs. While Curtis et al. (1999) originally suggest that the lemurs’ higher fiber intake during the dry season drives this change in activity, more research is needed in order to fully understand this relationship. INTRODUCTION Thermoregulation In subtropical environments with temperatures that fluctuate with the season, most endothermic animals must rely on behavioral mechanisms of thermoregulation (Donati et al., 2011). In order to maintain homeostasis, species may conduct thermogenesis, the production of body heat, or thermolysis, the dissipation of body heat (Terrien et al., 2011).
    [Show full text]