ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTS

BHUTAN RNR STATISTICS 2015

RNR STATISTICAL COORDINATION SECTION POLICY AND PLANNING DIVISION JULY 2015

The pringting cost of this book is supported by European Union-RNR Sector Support Programe (EU-RNRSSP), Policy and Planning Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Bhutan.

Bhutan RNR Statistics 2015 Copyright © July 2015. All Rights Reserved. RNR Statistical Coordination Section, Policy and Planning Division Ministry of Agriculture and Forests.

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Foreword

The Ministry of Agriculture and Forests (MoAF) is pleased to publish the 3rd edition of the Bhutan RNR Statistics (BRNRS) 2015. It is a comprehensive and systematic compendium of basic statistical information of the Renewable Natural Resources (RNR) sector.

This publication is yet another effort to intensify dissemination of more reliable and accurate information to wider audiences and to strengthen the implementation of the policy of “One Gateway” for dissemination of RNR statistics.

I am pleased to note that every effort has been made to ensure the basic quality and reliability of statistics contained in this publication. Data validation, compilation and updating protocols have been strictly complied with all the data sources. Brief notes on the coverage and data sources, wherever possible, were provided for the benefit of users.

I would like to congratulate and extend my appreciation to the RNR Statistical coordination Section (RNR- SCS), Policy and Planning Division (PPD) and all departments / agencies including dzongkhag RNR sectors, for bringing out this publication.

In order to improve the quality of the forthcoming issues, we would like to solicit comments and suggestions from the users of this publication. The comments can be communicated to RNR Statistical Coordination Section (RNR-SCS), Policy and Planning Division (PPD), Ministry of Agriculture and Forests (MoAF).

July 2015 Thimphu

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Table of Contents

Foreword ...... ii Abbreviations ...... viii Summary Indicators ...... x 1. Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Purpose of “Bhutan RNR Statistics, 2015” ...... 1 1.2 Data sources and methods ...... 1 2. Land Cover ...... 2 2.1 Agro-ecological Zones ...... 4 2.2 Slope of the land ...... 5 2.3 Human Population and Livestock Grazing Density ...... 7 3. RNR Gross Domestic Products ...... 9 4. Financial Resources Profile ...... 12 4.1 Outlay for Five-Year development plans ...... 12 4.1 Outlay for 11 th Plan and Expenditure ...... 12 4.3 Revenue generated through royalties ...... 16 5. Human Resource Profile ...... 17 6. Demography of economically active and inactive rural households’ members ...... 22 7. Labour force participation in RNR sector ...... 23 8. Agriculture ...... 24 8.1 Agriculture Landholding ...... 24 8.2 Crop production ...... 26 9. Livestock ...... 32 9.1 Livestock population ...... 32 9.2 Livestock production ...... 38 10. Forestry ...... 42 10.1 Timber supply ...... 42 10.2 Timber supply by NRDCL ...... 44 10.3 Forest fire incidences ...... 45 10.4 Forest offences ...... 47 10.5 Allotment of government reserved forest land ...... 49 11. Rural socioeconomic development initiatives ...... 50 11.1 Farmers Groups and Cooperatives ...... 50 11.2 The Community Forestry ...... 52 11.3 Private Forestry ...... 55 11.4 Irrigation ...... 56 11.5 Motorable road access ...... 57 11.6 Farm road ...... 58 11.7 Market infrastructures ...... 59 12. Electric Fencing ...... 60

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13. Agricultural Inputs ...... 61 13.1 Plant Protection Chemicals ...... 61 14. External Trade ...... 62 15. Prices ...... 65 15.1 Average retailprices of food commodities ...... 65 15.2 Prices of seeds, seedlings and fertilizers ...... 66 16. Implementation of Global Strategy for Improving RNR Statistics ...... 69 16.1 The In-depth Country Assessment ...... 70 16.1.1 Summary of findings ...... 70 16.1.2 Summary of recommendations ...... 70 16.2 The Country Proposal ...... 70 16.2.1 Estimated budget for the proposed projects ...... 71 17. Annexures: Gewog Level Statistics ...... 72 Annexure: 1 Land cover (LCMP 2010) information ...... 72 Annexure: 2 Ggeographical areas by agro-ecological zones ...... 81 Annexure: 3 Status of irrigation water supply as of 2013 ...... 90 Annexure: 4. Proportion of rural households by landholding size in 2013 ...... 99 Annexure: 5. Proportion of rural households by improved and local cattle holding size in 2013 ...... 107 Annexure: 6. Proportion of holders by types of livestock in 2013 ...... 115 Annexure: 7. Community Forestry status as of December 2014...... 123 18. References ...... 132

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List of Tables

TABLE 1: LAND COVER BY MAJOR CATEGORIES ...... 2 TABLE 2: DZONGKHAG -WISE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA BY TYPES OF LAND COVER (KM2)...... 3 TABLE 3: DZONGKHAG -WISE PROPORTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL AREA BY TYPES OF LAND COVER ...... 3 TABLE 4: AGRICULTURE LAND HOLDING BY DZONGKHAG (HECTARES ) ...... 4 TABLE 5: AGRO -ECOLOGICAL ZONES OF BHUTAN ...... 4 TABLE 6: DZONGKHAG -WISE PROPORTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL AREA BY AGRO -ECOLOGICAL ZONES ...... 5 TABLE 7: DZONGKHAG -WISE PROPORTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL AREA BY PERCENT SLOPE ...... 6 TABLE 8: HUMAN POPULATION AND LIVESTOCK GRAZING DENSITY BY DZONGKHAGS ...... 8 TABLE 9: RNR SUB -SECTORS GDP BY CURRENT AND CONSTANT PRICES (N U. MILLIONS ) ...... 10 TABLE 10: PERCENT RNR SUB -SECTORS ’ GROWTH IN GDP BY CURRENT AND CONSTANT PRICES ...... 10 TABLE 11: PERCENT RNR SUB -SECTORS ’ CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL GDP BY CURRENT AND CONSTANT PRICES ...... 10 TABLE 12: CONTRIBUTION OF SUB -SECTORS TO RNR GDP BY CURRENT AND CONSTANT PRICES ...... 11 TABLE 13: OUTLAY FOR 11 TH PLAN AND EXPENDITURE ...... 12 TABLE 14: BUDGET ALLOCATION AND EXPENDITURE BY AGENCIES IN 2013-2014 FISCAL YEAR (S EPTEMBER 2014) ...... 14 TABLE 15: BUDGET ALLOCATION AND EXPENDITURE BY AGENCIES IN 2014-2015 FISCAL YEAR (M ARCH 2015) ...... 15 TABLE 16: REVENUE GENERATED THROUGH ROYALTIES ON SUPPLY OF TIMBER AND NON -WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS BY TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS AND PARKS ...... 16 TABLE 17: CIVIL SERVANTS STRENGTH OF RNR SECTOR BY QUALIFICATION AND POSITION LEVEL (A PRIL 2015) ...... 17 TABLE 18: DISTRIBUTION OF CIVIL SERVANTS ACROSS AGENCIES IN THE RNR SECTOR BY POSITION LEVEL (A PRIL 2015) ...... 18 TABLE 19: DISTRIBUTION OF CIVIL SERVANTS ACROSS AGENCIES IN THE RNR SECTOR BY QUALIFICATION (A PRIL 2015) ...... 18 TABLE 20: DISTRIBUTION OF CIVIL SERVANTS ACROSS AGENCIES IN THE RNR SECTOR BY POSITION LEVEL AND SEX (A PRIL 2015) ...... 19 TABLE 21: DISTRIBUTION OF STAFF ACROSS HEADQUARTERS , FIELD OFFICES AND DZONGKHAGS BY AGENCIES (A PRIL 2012) ...... 20 TABLE 22: DISTRIBUTION OF RNR STAFFS ACROSS DZONGKHAGS BY SECTORS (A PRIL 2015) ...... 20 TABLE 23: DISTRIBUTION OF STAFF ACROSS SECTORS AS PERCENTAGE OF THE TOTAL RNR EXTENSION STAFF IN THE DZONGKHAG (A PRIL 2015)21 TABLE 24: ESP AND GSP BY AGENCIES ...... 21 TABLE 25: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE AND INACTIVE RURAL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS RESIDING ON THE FARM IN 2012 AND 2013 ...... 22 TABLE 26: DZONGKHAG WISE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION IN RNR SECTOR BY SEX ...... 23 TABLE 27: AVERAGE TOTAL LANDHOLDING AND PROPORTION (%) OF HOUSEHOLDS BY HOLDING SIZE IN 2013 ...... 24 TABLE 28: PROPORTION (%) OF HOUSEHOLDS BY WETLAND AND DRY LAND HOLDING SIZE IN 2013 ...... 25 TABLE 29: DZONGKHAG WISE AGRILCURE LANDHOLDING (HECTARES ) ...... 25 TABLE 30: PRODUCTION OF CEREALS AND POTATOES ...... 26 TABLE 31: PRODUCTION OF MAJOR HORTICULTURE CROPS ...... 27 TABLE 32: TOTAL CEREAL PRODUCTION ...... 27 TABLE 33: PADDY PRODUCTION ...... 28 TABLE 34: MAIZE PRODUCTION ...... 28 TABLE 35: WHEAT AND BARLEY PRODUCTION ...... 29 TABLE 36: PRODUCTION OF OTHER CEREALS (B UCKWHEAT & MILLETS ) ...... 29 TABLE 37: POTATO PRODUCTION ...... 30 TABLE 38: APPLE , MANDARIN AND ARECANUT PRODUCTION ...... 30 TABLE 39: CHILLI , MUSTARD , GINGER AND CARDAMOM PRODUCTION ...... 31 TABLE 40: LIVESTOCK POPULATION (N OS . HEADS ) ...... 32 TABLE 41: TOTAL CATTLE POPULATION AND PROPORTION OF MILKING COWS ...... 33 TABLE 42: PROPORTION OF IMPROVED AND LOCAL CATTLE ...... 33 TABLE 43: IMPROVED CATTLE POPULATION AND PROPORTION OF MILKING COWS ...... 34 TABLE 44: LOCAL CATTLE POPULATION AND PROPORTION OF MILKING COWS ...... 34 TABLE 45: YAK POPULATION AND PROPORTION OF MILKING COWS ...... 35 TABL 46: POPULATION OF HORSES , SHEEP AND GOATS ...... 35 TABLE 47: POPULATION OF PIGS AND POULTRY ...... 36 TABLE 48: PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF TOTAL CATTLE IN 2014 ...... 36 TABLE 49: PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF IMPROVED CATTLE IN 2014 ...... 37 TABLE 50: PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF LOCAL CATTLE IN 2014 ...... 37 TABLE 51: LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION ...... 38 TABLE 52: DAIRY PRODUCTION ...... 40 TABLE 53: BEEF , PORK AND MUTTON PRODUCTION ...... 40 TABLE 54: CHICKEN , FISH AND EGGS PRODUCTION ...... 41

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TABLE 55: SUPPLY OF TIMBER BY TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS AND PARKS (QUANTITY IN M3) ...... 42 TABLE 56: SUPPLY OF TIMBER TO DZONGKHAGS (QUANTITY IN M3) ...... 43 TABLE 57: SUPPLY OF FIREWOOD BY TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS AND PARKS (QUANTITY IN M3) ...... 43 TABLE 58: SUPPLY OF FIREWOOD TO DZONGKHAGS (QUANTITY IN M3) ...... 44 TABLE 59: TIMBER SUPPLIED BY NATURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION LIMITED ...... 44 TABLE 60: INCIDENCES OF FOREST FIRE AND AREA BURNT BETWEEN PERIOD 2010/2011 AND 2013/2014 ...... 46 TABLE 61: FOREST OFFENCE STATUS ...... 47 TABLE 62: TABLE 62: DZONGKHAG WISE PROPORTION OF FORESTRY OFFENCE CASES BY TYPE OF OFFENCES , 2012-2013...... 48 TABLE 63: DZONGKHAG WISE PROPORTION OF FORESTRY OFFENCE CASES BY TYPE OF OFFENCES , 2013-2014 ...... 49 TABLE 64: GRF LAND ALLOTMENT FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES (ACRES ) ...... 49 TABLE 65: NUMBER OF FARMERS ’ GROUPS AND COOPERATIVES REGISTERED WITH DAMC...... 50 TABLE 66: PROPORTION OF MALE AND FEMALE MEMBERS IN THE GROUPS AND CHAIR -MANSHIP ...... 51 TABLE 67: COMMUNITY FORESTRY (CF) AS OF 2014-2015 FISCAL YEAR ...... 52 TABLE 68: DISTRIBUTION OF CF HOUSEHOLDS AND CF AREAS AS OF 2014-2015 FISCAL YEAR ...... 53 TABLE 69: DZONGKHAG WISE EMPLOYMENT IN THE COMMUNITY FOREST ...... 54 TABLE 70: PRIVATE FORESTRY STATUS BY DZONGKHAGS ...... 55 TABLE 71: DZONGKHAG -WISE STATUS OF IRRIGATION WATER SUPPLY AND AGRICULTURE AREA WITH CHHUZHING ...... 56 TABLE 72: PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY WALKING TIME TAKEN TO REACH NEAREST MOTORABLE ROAD POINTS ...... 57 TABLE 73: CONSTRUCTION OF FARM ROAD AND BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLDS ...... 58 TABLE 74: NUMBER OF MARKET INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTED DURING 10 TH FIVE -YEAR PLAN ...... 59 TABLE 75: LENGTH OF ELECTRIC FENCING AND BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLDS ...... 60 TABLE 76: DISTRIBUTION OF PLANT PROTECTION CHEMICALS BY DZONGKHAG AND FISCAL YEAR ...... 61 TABLE 77: EXPORTS OF MAJOR COMMODITIES ...... 62 TABLE 78: IMPORTS OF MAJOR COMMODITIES ...... 63 TABLE 79: EMPORTS OF MAJOR COMMODITIES BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION ...... 64 TABLE 80: AVERAGE PRICES OF FOOD COMMODITIES ...... 65 TABLE 81: REVISED SELLING PRICE OF VEGETABLE SEEDS (W. E.F 01/10/2014) ...... 66 TABLE 82: REVISED SELLING PRICE OF FRUIT SEEDLINGS (W. E.F 01/10/2014) ...... 67 TABLE 83: REVISED SELLING PRICE OF CEREALS AND OILSEEDS (W. E.F 01/10/2014) ...... 67 TABLE 84: REVISED SELLING PRICE OF FERTILIZERS AND OTHERS (W. E.F 24/03/2014) ...... 68 TABLE 85: PROGRESS ON IMPLEMENTATION OF GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING RNR STATISTICS ...... 69 TABLE 86: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT FOR THE PROPOSED COUNTRY PROJECTS ...... 70 TABLE 87: SUMMARIZED COST ESTIMATES FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECTS (US$ IN MILLIONS ) ...... 71

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List of Figures

FIGURE 1: PERCENT GEOGRAPHICAL AREA BY PERCENT SLOPE ...... 5 FIGURE 2: HUMAN POPULATION AND LIVESTOCK GRAZING DENSITY ...... 7 FIGURE 3: RNR GDP IN CURRENT AND CONSTANT PRICES ...... 9 FIGURE 4: RNR SECTOR 'S GROWTH ...... 9 FIGURE 5: RNR SECTOR ’S CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL GDP ...... 9 FIGURE 6: RNR SECTOR ’S FIVE -YEAR PLANS OUTLAY ...... 12 FIGURE 7: PROPORTION (%) OF GOVERNMENT AND DONOR FUNDED BUDGET ALLOCATION FOR 11 TH PLAN BY AGENCIES (2013-2014) ...... 13 FIGURE 8: PROPORTION OF GOVERNMENT AND DONOR FUNDED BUDGET ALLOCATION FOR 11 TH PLAN BY AGENCIES (2014-2015) ...... 13 FIGURE 9: DISTRIBUTION OF CIVIL SERVANTS ACROSS HEADQUARTERS , FIELD OFFICES AND DZONGKHAGS (A PRIL 2015)...... 19 FIGURE 10: NUMBER OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS PER RNR EXTENSION STAFF (AGRICULTURE , FORESTS AND LIVESTOCK), APRIL 2015 ...... 21 FIGURE 11: LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION IN RNR SECTOR BY SEX ...... 23 FIGURE 12: AVERAGE LANDHOLDING IN 2013 ...... 24 FIGURE 13: AVERAGE PROPORTION OF CULTIVATED AREA AND PRODUCTION OF CEREALS (2012-2013) ...... 26 FIGURE 14: PROPORTION OF IMPROVED AND LOCAL CATTLE ...... 32 FIGURE 15: SELF -SUFFICIENCY STATUS OF DAIRY PRODUCTS ...... 38 FIGURE 16: ANNUAL SELF -SUFFICIENCY STATUS OF MEATS , FISH AND EGGS ...... 39 FIGURE 17: SELF -SUFFICIENCY OF MEATS , FISH AND EGGS ...... 39 FIGURE 18: INCINDENCES OF FOREST FIRE AND AREA BURNT BETWEEN PERIOD 2010/2011 AND 2013/2014 ...... 45 FIGURE 19: AVERAGE MONTHLY OCCURRENCES OF FOREST FIRE ...... 46 FIGURE 20: EMPLOYMENT IN COMMUNITY FOREST ...... 53 FIGURE 21: STATUS OF IRRIGATION WATER SUPPLY ...... 56 FIGURE 22: DZONGKHAG WISE DISTRIBUTION OF SO FAR CONSTRUCTED LENGTH OF FARM ROAD (AS OF MARCH 2015) ...... 58 FIGURE 23: DZONGKHAG WISE DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLDS (M ARCH 2015) ...... 59

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Abbreviations

AFD Administration and Finance Division BRS Bhutan RNR Statistics CoRRB Council for RNR Research of Bhutan DAMC Department of Agricultural Marketing and Cooperatives DoA Department of Agriculture DoFPS Department of Forests and Park Services DoL Department of Livestock DRC Department of Revenue and Customs FCB Foo d Corporation of Bhutan GDP Gross Domestic Products HRMD Human Resource Management Division ICS Information Communication Services Kgs Kilograms Km 2 Square Kilometer LCMP Land Cover Mapping Project M3 Cubic meter Mn Millions MoAF Ministry of Agric ulture and Forests MoF Ministry of Finance MoLHR Ministry of Labour and Human Resources Nos Numbers NSB National Statistics Bureau Nu Ngultrum (Bhutanese Currency) PAR Poverty Assessment Report PPD Policy and Planning Division RDTC Rural Developme nt Training Center RNR Renewable Natural Resources RNR -SCS RNR Statistical Coordination Section RNR -SSC RNR Statistical Steering Committee RSF RNR Statistical Framework SAEPRB Small Area Estimation of Poverty in Rural Bhutan Min/ Sec Minister and S ecretary Office SqKm Square Kilometer

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Summary Indicators

Land use (LCMP 2010) - Total area (Sqkm) 38,394 - Cultivated a gricultural area (%) 2.9 3 - Forest area (%) 80.9 0 - Forest area under t ree cover (%) 70. 46

Population - Total population estimates in 2014 (Nos. people) 745,153 - Population engaged in agricultural farming in 2013 (%) 56 .2 - Male engaged in agricultural farming in 2013 (%) 46.7 - Female engaged in agricultural farmi ng in 2013 (%) 53.3

Human population density in 2014 (persons/skm) 19.4 Livestock grazing density in 2014 (Nos. livestock grazing units/ Km 2) 10.4

Gross Domestic Product 2013 - Total GDP (Nu in Millions) 104,378.1 - GDP per capita (Nu in Millions) 0.143 - Share of RNR GDP (%) 16 .18 - RNR GDP Growth in constant prices (%) 2.94 - Agriculture in constant prices (%) 3.89 - Livestock in constant prices (%) 2.42 - Forestry i n constant prices (%) 1.62 Agricultural trade 2014 (refer Table 7 7 and 7 8 for commodities’ detail ) - Exports (Nu in Millions) 2, 542 .433 - Imports (Nu in Millions) 6,7 76 .806

RNR Staff Strength as of April 2015 (nos. staff) 3,664 - Male (%) 81 .7 - Female (%) 18.3

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1. Introduction

The Ministry of Agriculture and Forests (MoAF), commonly known as Renewable Natural Resources (RNR) sector is the custodian of the country’s natural resources and the natural environment. Its roles and responsibilities in contributing towards realizing the goals of the Vision 2020 and Gross National Happiness (GNH) are much greater than generally perceived.

In the wake of the trade deficit and the global increase in the food prices, the Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB) has placed RNR sector at the centre of the development agenda. There is a new recognition of the vital role the RNR sector plays in economic growth and poverty reduction. This renewed interest in agriculture also comes in urgent need for Bhutan to substitute imports and thereby narrow the trade deficit gaps.

Economic objectives of the ministry for the 11 th Five Year Plan (2013-2018) are to enhance food and nutrition security and accelerate RNR sector growth. Its social objective is to enhance sustainable rural livelihood. Environmental objective is to promote sustainable management and utilization of natural resources. Given above, emerging RNR data requirements will be more in the years to come and crucial role of RNR statistical stakeholders in delivering such data in the 11 th Plan Period and beyond cannot be overemphasized.

1.1 Purpose of “Bhutan RNR Statistics, 2015”

The current publication of the “Bhutan RNR Statistics, 2015” is the third series in the history of Renewable Natutal Resources (RNR) Sector. This publication is intended to providing “One Window” access for most of the harmonized RNR related statistics.

1.2 Data sources and methods

As a normal procedure, the statistics contained in this book are the results of the compilation and analysis of data available in the form of official publications and reports with various departments and agencies of the RNR sector and other organizations producing RNR related statistics. Wherever possible, efforts have been put, to gather raw-data sets to facilitate analysis that are more meaningful.

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2. Land Cover

The conservation of environment is one of the four pillars of Bhutan’s development philosophy of Gross National Happiness (GNH) in which sustainable use of natural resources has been given the top priority. Accordingly, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forests (MoAF) has been consistent in its efforts in sustainably conserving and managing the environment through implementation of sound development policies, plans and programs. This chapter, unless otherwise indicated, presents the derivative land-cover statistics of the “Land Cover Mapping Project report (LCMP, 2010)”.

Table 1: Land cover by major categories

Category Type Hectares Percent Total (%) Blue Pine Forest 78,347 2.04 Broadleaf Forest 1,685,024 43.89

Forest Areas Broadleaf with Conifer Forest 34,838 0.91 70.46 (under tree cover) Chir Pine Forest 113,722 2.96 Fir Forest 180,440 4.70 Mixed Conifer Forest 612,919 15.96 Wetland 31,911 0.83 Dryland 68,255 1.78 Apple Orchard 2,081 0.05 Agriculture Areas Citrus Orchard 5,488 0.14 2.93 Cardamom Plantation 3,600 0.09 Arecanut Plantation 1,199 0.03 Other Horticulture 16 0.00 Marshy Areas 320 0.01 0.01 Meadows 157,546 4.10 4.10 Shrubs 400,525 10.43 10.43 Bare Areas 122,953 3.20 3.20 Degraded Areas 20,645 0.54 0.54 Snow Cover 285,435 7.43 7.43 Water Bodies 27,654 0.72 0.72 Built up Areas 6,156 0.16 0.16 Non-Built up Areas 330 0.01 0.01 Total 3,839,405 100.00 100.00

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Table 2: Dzongkhag-wise geographical area by types of land cover (Km 2)

Dzongkhag

Total Forest Marshy & water bodies Meadows Bare & degraded Shrubs Snow Cover Agriculture Builtup & non-built- up Bumthang 2,668 1,389 18 283 285 338 323 29 2 Chhukha 1,879 1,612 19 35 11 87 14 92 9 Dagana 1,723 1,500 17 7 13 83 25 75 2 Gasa 3,075 807 18 247 581 620 797 5 0 Haa 1,865 1,219 6 156 23 344 88 28 2 Lhuentse 2,809 1,727 12 75 240 336 357 59 1 Monggar 1,945 1,781 9 6 9 79 0 57 3 Paro 1,251 762 5 70 16 280 50 63 4 Pemagatshel 1,023 896 13 1 12 46 0 53 2 Punakha 1,110 842 6 17 1 111 79 54 1 S/jongkhar 1,878 1,633 26 4 19 111 0 81 4 Samtse 1,305 1,018 35 10 9 51 3 174 5 Sarpang 1,666 1,466 38 0 8 84 0 67 3 Thimphu 1,749 749 5 181 136 374 264 23 16 Trashigang 2,204 1,800 8 74 9 219 29 64 2 Trashiyangtse 1,449 1,027 7 21 1 196 165 31 1 Trongsa 1,822 1,588 3 52 9 113 32 23 2 Tsirang 639 558 6 1 4 21 0 47 2 Wangdue 3,920 2,560 9 281 18 368 624 59 2 Zhemgang 2,416 2,119 21 54 32 144 4 41 1 Bhutan 38,394 27,053 280 1,575 1,436 4,005 2,854 1,125 65

Table 3: Dzongkhag-wise proportion of geographical area by types of land cover Land cover types (%)

Dzongkhag Areas Areas Areas Shrubs Degraded Meadows Total area Bare Areas Agriculture Snow Cover Forest Areas Non-Built up Water Bodies Marshy Marshy Areas Built up Areas Bumthang 6.95 52.06 0.01 10.62 10.01 0.68 12.67 12.11 0.65 1.09 0.09 0.00 Chhukha 4.90 85.77 0.00 1.88 0.27 0.29 4.65 0.73 1.01 4.92 0.49 0.01 Dagana 4.49 87.06 0.00 0.43 0.54 0.21 4.81 1.46 1.00 4.38 0.12 0.00 Gasa 8.01 26.25 0.00 8.02 15.83 3.08 20.15 25.90 0.60 0.17 0.00 0.00 Haa 4.86 65.35 0.00 8.34 1.18 0.04 18.45 4.72 0.33 1.49 0.10 0.00 Lhuentse 7.32 61.48 0.00 2.69 8.44 0.12 11.96 12.72 0.43 2.10 0.05 0.00 Monggar 5.07 91.59 0.00 0.32 0.24 0.24 4.07 0.00 0.44 2.95 0.14 0.00 Paro 3.26 60.91 0.00 5.57 1.31 0.01 22.41 4.03 0.40 5.07 0.31 0.01 Pemagatshel 2.66 87.65 0.03 0.06 0.43 0.72 4.52 0.00 1.22 5.14 0.20 0.03 Punakha 2.89 75.87 0.00 1.53 0.03 0.01 9.96 7.16 0.52 4.82 0.10 0.00 S/jongkhar 4.89 86.95 0.00 0.22 0.49 0.50 5.90 0.00 1.38 4.33 0.22 0.01 Samtse 3.40 78.03 0.00 0.76 0.07 0.62 3.94 0.22 2.67 13.31 0.22 0.16 Sarpang 4.34 88.00 0.00 0.03 0.15 0.32 5.02 0.00 2.30 3.99 0.19 0.00 Thimphu 4.55 42.86 0.00 10.36 7.23 0.56 21.39 15.10 0.29 1.30 0.90 0.02 Trashigang 5.74 81.65 0.00 3.35 0.11 0.30 9.92 1.32 0.35 2.91 0.10 0.00 Trashiyangtse 3.77 70.90 0.00 1.43 0.03 0.07 13.52 11.36 0.50 2.11 0.08 0.00 Trongsa 4.75 87.16 0.00 2.87 0.47 0.01 6.21 1.78 0.16 1.26 0.08 0.00 Tsirang 1.66 87.34 0.00 0.18 0.54 0.08 3.29 0.00 0.93 7.37 0.27 0.00 Wangdue 10.21 65.29 0.07 7.16 0.02 0.44 9.39 15.91 0.16 1.52 0.04 0.00 Zhemgang 6.29 87.71 0.00 2.25 0.90 0.41 5.97 0.17 0.86 1.70 0.03 0.00 Bhutan 100.00 70.46 0.01 4.10 3.20 0.54 10.43 7.43 0.72 2.93 0.16 0.01

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Table 1 shows that, of the 70.46% of the forest under tree cover, the broadleaf forest represents the major proportion at 43.89% followed by the mixed coniferous at 15.96%. The cultivated agriculture area covers 2.93%. However, in the future, owing to the ongoing re-cadastral survey and granting of land to landless, there will be a significant change in the figures of agriculture area affecting the actual proportion of other land cover types.

Table 4: Agriculture land holding by dzongkhag (hectares) Apple Citrus Arecanut Cardamom Other Dzongkhag Wetland Dryland Orchard Orchard Plantation Plantation Horticulture Bumthang 25 2,884 12 0 0 0 0 Chhukha 1,799 5,119 53 1,308 180 782 0 Dagana 1,493 4,588 0 1,341 115 0 0 Gasa 144 386 0 0 0 0 0 Haa 89 2,068 89 9 0 527 0 Lhuentse 1,576 4,329 0 1 0 0 0 Monggar 432 5,304 0 3 0 0 0 Paro 1,753 3,562 1,026 0 0 0 0 Pemagatshel 302 4,333 0 620 0 0 0 Punakha 5,074 262 0 1 0 0 16 Samdrupjongkhar 1,148 6,732 0 232 17 0 0 Samtse 5,682 8,151 0 894 348 2,291 0 Sarpang 2,088 3,473 0 553 540 0 0 Thimphu 458 914 902 0 0 0 0 Trashigang 1,449 4,974 0 0 0 0 0 Trashiyangtse 949 2,111 0 0 0 0 0 Trongsa 1,082 1,205 0 0 0 0 0 Tsirang 1,527 2,867 0 314 0 0 0 Wangduephodrang 4,202 1,742 0 0 0 0 0 Zhemgang 640 3,251 0 211 0 0 0 Bhutan 31,911 68,255 2,081 5,488 1,199 3,600 16

2.1 Agro-ecological Zones The purpose of zoning, in land-use planning, is to separate areas with similar sets of potentials and constraints for assessment of land suitability and potential productivity. The agro-ecological zones can be used for proposing recommendations designed to improve the existing land-use situation, either through increasing production or by limiting land degradation. In Bhutan, there are five agro-ecological zones as shown in Table 5.

Table 5: Agro-ecological zones of Bhutan Agro-ecological zones Altitude Range Area (hectare) Area (%) Wet Subtropical 100-600 214,918 5.60 Humid Subtropical 600-1200 392,700 10.23 Dry Subtropical 1200-1800 503,465 13.11 Warm Temperate 1800-2600 714,554 18.61 Cool Temperate 2600-3600 917,155 23.89 Alpine 3600-7500 1,096,618 28.56 Total 3,839,409 100.00 Source: Calculated by author using the data generated by GIS unit of the PPD, MoAF.

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Table 6: Dzongkhag-wise proportion of geographical area by agro-ecological zones Agro-ecological zones (%) Wet Humid Dry Warm Cool Dzongkhags Alpine Subtropical Subtropical Subtropical Temperate Temperate (>3600-7500) (100-600) (600-1200) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) Bumthang 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.27 36.12 62.60 Chhukha 7.21 17.76 21.26 27.11 23.66 3.00 Dagana 15.75 18.96 19.05 25.66 16.59 3.98 Gasa 0.00 0.00 0.10 2.21 9.83 87.86 Ha 0.04 2.37 6.90 14.96 35.14 40.58 Lhuentse 0.00 1.02 6.87 20.63 30.59 40.89 Mongar 3.27 17.79 26.96 28.70 21.77 1.51 Paro 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.59 42.16 44.25 Pemagatshel 20.94 41.70 28.06 9.27 0.02 0.00 Punakha 0.00 0.18 17.57 36.74 29.36 16.16 S/Jongkhar 22.87 22.99 25.64 20.83 7.29 0.38 Samtse 20.94 27.74 22.18 21.05 7.35 0.75 Sarpang 25.92 25.08 24.68 21.16 2.83 0.33 Thimphu 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.24 30.23 63.53 Trashigang 0.11 4.38 14.81 29.20 32.68 18.82 Trongsa 0.00 2.47 6.79 24.09 34.42 32.23 Tsirang 0.03 2.68 10.20 28.21 41.42 17.47 Wangdue 7.43 31.64 30.69 22.67 7.02 0.56 Yangtse 0.16 3.22 8.90 18.98 32.36 36.37 Zhemgang 11.91 29.59 26.78 19.53 9.91 2.27 Bhutan 5.60 10.23 13.11 18.61 23.89 28.56

2.2 Slope of the land The slope of the land is one of the important parameters for an investment planning to reduce construction cost, minimize risks from natural hazards such as flooding and landslide, and to minimize adverse impacts of proposed development on natural resources such as soils, vegetation and water.

Figure 1: Percent geographical area by percent slope

50.00 45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 15.00 Percentland area 10.00 5.00 0.00 0-3% 3-8% 8-15% 15-25% 25-50% 50-100% > 100%

Percent land slope

Source: Author’s calculation based on the data generated by GIS Unit, PPD, MoAF Figure 1 shows the proportion of country’s area by slope in percent generated by GIS Unit of Policy and Planning Division of Ministry of Agriculture and Forests.

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According to Figure 1 above, about 5.7% of the total geographical area at the national level has its slope above 100%, which is quite prone to “very severe “soil erosion followed by 43.8% of the area with slope between 50-100%. According to LUPP, 1995 this category is susceptible to “more severe” soil erosion and therefore, interventions have to be well designed to either avoid or prevent climate change induced disasters.

On further analysis, it was found out that about 14.05% of the total geographical area is having slope between 0-25% with slight to moderate risk of soil erosion (LUPP, 1995). There is a scope for expansion of agricultural activities in this category after excluding forested areas, water bodies, built-up areas, snow cover and other categories of land use not feasible for agriculture. The adoption of innovative technologies having potential for enhancement of production and productivity will ease out the pressure on limited cultivable land resource. As of now, only about 2.93% of the total geographical area is under cultivation corresponding to 1,125.5 sq.km (112,550 hectares). Table 7 shows dzongkhag level’s area proportion by percent slope.

Table 7: Dzongkhag-wise proportion of geographical area by percent slope Land slope Dzongkhag 0-3% 3-8% 8-15% 15 -25% 25 -50% 50 -100% > 100% Bumthang 0.34 2.04 5.74 14.02 42.84 31.63 3.38 Chhukha 0.13 0.73 2.12 6.74 38.60 46.84 4.83 Dagana 0.47 1.58 3.17 8.60 42.11 40.38 3.69 Gasa 0.41 2.27 5.41 10.42 32.10 40.22 9.17 Haa 0.15 0.97 3.08 8.50 39.26 43.86 4.17 Lhuentse 0.14 0.84 2.38 6.12 31.27 49.84 9.42 Mongar 0.13 0.72 2.19 6.52 33.86 48.89 7.70 Paro 0.31 1.47 3.88 10.09 41.09 39.29 3.87 Pemagatshel 0.34 1.93 4.38 7.84 34.39 45.81 5.32 Punakha 0.19 1.02 2.87 7.74 38.62 44.26 5.29 S/Jongkhar 0.54 2.31 4.68 10.04 34.20 42.77 5.46 Samtse 0.78 2.98 4.90 9.50 40.59 38.10 3.14 Sarpang 1.58 5.75 5.99 9.45 34.98 39.54 2.71 Thimphu 0.20 1.32 4.01 10.08 39.99 39.42 4.98 Trashigang 0.12 0.74 2.32 6.93 37.68 47.74 4.47 Trongsa 0.15 0.80 2.35 7.02 38.23 45.32 6.13 Tsirang 0.08 0.53 1.85 5.89 34.39 51.30 5.95 Wangdue 0.11 0.71 2.23 6.80 39.19 47.03 3.92 Yangtse 0.24 1.48 4.12 9.20 34.34 44.29 6.32 Zhemgang 0.22 1.22 2.66 6.14 33.33 50.08 6.35 Bhutan 0.32 1.56 3.62 8.55 36.49 43.77 5.68

Source: Author’s calculation based on the data generated by GIS Unit, PPD, MoAF

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2.3 Human Population and Livestock Grazing Density

The increasing demographic as well as the grazing pressure on natural resources particularly the forest ecosystem has been a severe challenge for the policy makers as well as for the resource managers. The increasing pressure on the limited resources without sound management might lead to depletion of natural resources triggering both natural and man made hazards.

Further, increasing pressure on the agro-ecosystem to enhance production and productivity in order to meet food demand would lead to excessive use of inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides etc. The excessive use of such chemicals might cause non-point source pollution making underground water unfit for consumption.

Figure 2: Human population and livestock grazing density

Livestock Grazing Unit (LGU)

23.0 The LGU was developed based on the body 19.4 sizes and grazing habits of all type of ruminants. 18.8 19.1 20.0 18.1 18.4 Cattle and buffaloes are considered to be 2 posing equally more grazing pressure. Yaks and 17.0 horses contribute 20% and sheep and goats 14.0 contribute 84% lesser grazing pressure than 11.2 10.7 cattle and buffaloes. Heads per Km 11.0 9.7 9.4 9.4 LGU = [Cattle*1] + [Buffaloes*1] + [Yak*0.80] + 8.0 [Horses*0.80] + [Sheep*0.16] + [Goats*0.16]. 5.0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Developed by Dr. Petter Kurt Hansen (DANIDA Advisor to PPD, MoAF) in 2006. Human population density Livestock grazing density

Source: Human population (NSB’s estimates) and Livestock population (Livestocks Statistics publication)

Figure 2 above and Table 6 below show the trend in human population density and livestock grazing density at national and dzongkhag levels for the last five years (2010-2014). As can be seen in the Figure 2, the human density (nos. heads/ Km 2 of area) has increased from 18.1 persons in 2010 to 19.4 persons in 2014; while the livestock grazing density was recorded as 11.2 heads/ Km 2 of area in 2012 followed by a slight fall and a rise in 2013 and 2014 respectively.

However, over a period, population of the free grazing cattle might reduce, as they are not found to be economically and ecologically viable livelihood option. This can be substantiated further by Table 40, which has clearly shown that over a period of three years (2012-2014), the local cattle comprising 75.9% of the total population in 2012 has come down to 72.7% in 2014. On the other hand, the population of improved cattle has increased from 24.1% in 2012 to 27.3% in 2014.

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Looking at the dzongkhag level scenario (Table 8), Thimphu has the highest human population density followed by Samtse and Chhukha, while the highest livestock grazing density was observed in Samtse followed by Trashigang and Tsirang.

Table 8: Human population and livestock grazing density by dzongkhags

Human population density Livestock grazing density Dzongkhag 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Bumthang 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0 5.1 4.7 7.3 5.4 6.6 Chhukha 43.3 44.0 44.8 45.6 46.3 13.2 14.1 16.0 12.4 15.8 Dagana 14.6 14.8 15.1 15.4 14.6 12.2 11.9 11.8 10.4 11.8 Gasa 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.2 2.3 Haa 6.7 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.3 7.4 10.1 8.3 10.4 Lhuentse 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.2 4.8 5.2 6.2 5.6 6.3 Monggar 20.9 21.3 21.7 22.0 22.4 13.3 13.5 16.6 13.7 15.5 Paro 31.8 32.4 32.9 33.5 34.0 14.6 15.4 13.5 13.0 13.2 Pemagatshel 23.3 23.5 23.8 24.1 24.4 9.8 9.6 9.9 8.5 9.7 Punakha 23.1 23.5 23.9 23.4 24.7 10.9 10.8 12.7 10.3 12.8 Samdrupjongkhar 19.9 20.2 20.6 21.0 21.4 9.1 10.1 11.3 10.4 11.3 Samtse 50.1 50.9 51.7 52.5 53.3 31.9 29.5 34.9 28.1 32.1 Sarpang 24.8 25.3 25.8 26.4 26.9 14.1 12.0 14.0 12.6 12.5 Thimphu 59.6 60.9 62.3 63.7 65.0 7.7 7.4 10.1 7.9 9.2 Trashigang 23.8 24.2 24.5 24.8 25.2 17.5 15.7 23.2 16.3 21.3 Trashiyangtse 13.3 13.5 13.8 14.0 14.2 8.3 8.2 9.6 8.2 9.9 Trongsa 8.1 8.2 8.4 8.5 8.7 6.4 5.6 7.0 6.3 6.1 Tsirang 31.7 32.2 32.7 33.2 33.7 22.6 19.5 23.2 18.7 20.3 Wangdue 8.8 8.9 9.1 9.3 9.4 6.4 5.9 7.6 7.5 7.8 Zhemgang 8.3 8.4 8.6 8.7 8.8 5.7 5.3 4.8 5.2 4.6 Bhutan 18.1 18.4 18.8 19.1 19.4 9.7 9.4 11.2 9.4 10.7

Source: Human population (NSB’s estimates) and Livestock population (Livestocks Statistics publication)

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3. RNR Gross Domestic Products The RNR Sector’s Gross Domestic Products (GDP) has been increasing year-on-year in absolute term (Figure 3), while its growth continues to remain at low rates (Figure 4). Its contribution to national GDP has also decreased from 22.57% in 2005 to 16.18% in 2013 (Figure 5). This is mainly due to booming economic development in the secondary and tertiary sectors. Nevertheless, the RNR sector continues to be the second largest contributor to national GDP (Figure 5). See also related subsequent Tables for more details.

Figure 3: RNR GDP in Current and Constant Prices

18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000

Nu in Millions Nu in 4,000 2,000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Current price 8,256 8,859 9,234 10,078 11,159 12,178 13,868 15,558 16,889 Constant price 6,274 6,378 6,246 6,291 6,458 6,478 6,578 6,900 7,021

Source: Statistical Yearbook, NSB

Figure 4: RNR sector's Growth

16.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00

Percent growth 0.00 -2.00 -4.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Current price 4.98 7.31 4.24 9.14 10.72 9.13 13.88 12.19 8.55 Constant price 0.38 1.67 -2.07 0.72 2.66 0.85 2.41 2.25 2.94

Source: Statistical Yearbook, NSB

Figure 5: RNR sector’s contribution to national GDP

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

Percent share 5.00

0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Current price 22.57 21.38 18.67 18.42 18.23 16.80 16.33 15.96 16.18 Constant price 21.49 20.14 17.16 16.52 15.89 14.26 13.35 13.37 13.36

Source: Statistical Yearbook, NSB

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Table 9: RNR Sub-sectors GDP by Current and Constant Prices (Nu. Millions) Agriculture Forestry Livestock Year Current Constant Current Constant Current Constant

2005 3,685 2,861 2,014 1,437 2,557 1,976 2006 3,928 2,900 2,201 1,484 2,730 1,994 2007 4,377 2,942 2,326 1,493 2,531 1,812 2008 5,061 2,997 2,393 1,472 2,625 1,821 2009 5,668 3,064 2,596 1,529 2,895 1,864 2010 6,530 3,100 2,538 1,494 3,110 1,884 2011 7,488 3,115 2,730 1,538 3,241 1,925 2012 9,926 3,322 2,974 1,614 3,994 1,963 2013 9,580 3,393 3,019 1,614 4,290 2,013 Source: Statistical Yearbook, NSB

Table 10: Percent RNR Sub-sectors’ Growth in GDP by Current and Constant Prices Agriculture Forestry Livestock Year Current Constant Current Constant Current Constant 2005 5.87 1.88 -1.86 -4.79 9.67 2.24 2006 6.59 1.37 9.27 3.31 6.79 0.90 2007 11.43 1.45 5.71 0.60 -7.31 -9.14 2008 15.62 1.87 2.88 -1.41 3.70 0.50 2009 12.01 2.24 8.45 3.87 10.30 2.36 2010 15.21 1.17 -2.22 -2.29 7.42 1.07 2011 14.67 0.47 7.56 2.93 4.23 2.22 2012 12.65 2.35 8.94 4.99 14.99 1.14 2013 10.95 3.89 3.16 1.62 7.33 2.42 Source: Author’s calculation

Table 11: Percent RNR Sub-sectors’ contribution to national GDP by Current and Constant Prices Agriculture Forestry Livestock Year Current Constant Current Constant Current Constant 2005 10.07 9.80 5.51 4.92 6.99 6.77 2006 9.48 9.16 5.31 4.69 6.59 6.30 2007 8.85 8.08 4.70 4.10 5.12 4.98 2008 9.25 7.87 4.37 3.86 4.80 4.78 2009 9.26 7.54 4.24 3.76 4.73 4.59 2010 9.01 6.82 3.50 3.29 4.29 4.15 2011 8.75 6.32 3.19 3.12 3.79 3.91 2012 8.86 6.44 2.99 3.13 4.02 3.81 2013 9.18 6.46 2.89 3.07 4.11 3.83 Source: Statistical Yearbook, NSB

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Table 12: Contribution of Sub-sectors to RNR GDP by Current and Constant Prices Agriculture Forestry Livestock Year Current Constant Current Constant Current Constant 2005 44.64 45.60 24.39 22.90 30.97 31.50 2006 44.34 45.47 24.84 23.27 30.82 31.27 2007 47.40 47.10 25.19 23.90 27.41 29.01 2008 50.21 47.64 23.75 23.40 26.04 28.95 2009 50.80 47.45 23.26 23.68 25.94 28.86 2010 53.62 47.85 20.84 23.06 25.54 29.08 2011 55.64 47.35 20.28 23.38 24.08 29.27 2012 58.75 48.15 17.60 23.39 23.64 28.45 2013 61.58 48.33 19.40 22.99 27.57 28.68 Source: Author’s calculation

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4. Financial Resources Profile

4.1 Outlay for Five-Year development plans The Five Year Plans of Bhutan are a series of national economic development plans created by the royal government of Bhutan since 1961 with a total budgetary outlay of just one-hundred and seven million ngultrum for the entire country. The RNR sector, in those times known as the Ministry of Development, received seven millions (6.5%) of the total outlay. As the country progressed, the budgetary allocation for developmental works also increased from one plan to another. However, the outlay for RNR sector has decreased from Nu. 8,124 millions in 10 th Plan to Nu. 8,017 millions in 11 th Plan (Figure 6).

Figure 6: RNR Sector’s Five-Year Plans Outlay

9000 8500 8,124 8,017 8000 7500 7000 6500 6000 5500 4,746 5000 4,548 4500 4000 Nu. Millions 3500 3000 2,434 2500 2000 1500 880 1000 430 332 500 7 34 111 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 Five Year Plans

Sources: 1 st to 10 th Plan (SYB, NSB) and 11 th Plan (RNR 11 th FYP document)

4.1 Outlay for 11 th Plan and Expenditure

Table 13: Outlay for 11th Plan and Expenditure

Outlay (Nu.Mn) Expenditure (Nu.Nn) Balance Sector Current Capital Total 2013-2014 2014-2015 Total budget (%) RNR 3,161.400 4,855.250 8,016.650 2,634.756 1,753.764 4,388.520 67.83 Secretarait 165.000 290.040 455.040 297.403 180.938 478.341 -5.12 DoA 2,020.600 2,300.030 4,320.630 779.473 406.196 1,185.669 72.56 DoL 0.000 1,090.000 1,090.000 540.310 382.196 922.505 15.37 DoFPS 809.270 890.100 1,699.370 805.186 658.841 1,464.026 13.85 CoRRB 38.530 40.000 78.530 29.848 14.073 43.921 44.07 BAFRA 73.000 65.000 138.000 125.635 74.048 199.683 -44.70 DAMC 55.000 180.080 235.080 56.902 37.473 94.375 59.85 Note: The expenditure for 2013-14 was as of September 2014 and for 2014-2015, it was as of March 2015. Sources: The Outlay (derived from RNR 11 FYP document) and the Expenditure (calculated using Budget Status reports provided by AFD, MoAF).

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Figure 7: Proportion (%) of Government and Donor funded budget allocation for 11th Plan by Agencies (2013-2014)

90.0

80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

40.0 Percent

30.0

20.0

10.0

0.0 Sec DoA DoL DoFPS CoRRB BAFRA DAMC Total RGoB 36.8 68.8 80.2 75.8 49.5 73.6 55.7 68.8 Donor 63.2 31.2 19.8 24.2 50.5 26.4 44.3 31.2

Sources: Budget Status reports provided by AFD, MoAF.

Figure 8: Proportion of Government and Donor funded budget allocation for 11th Plan by Agencies (2014-2015)

80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

40.0 Percent 30.0

20.0

10.0

0.0 Sec DoA DoL DoFPS CoRRB BAFRA DAMC Total RGoB 37.8 57.7 74.1 69.0 49.0 65.2 39.9 62.2 Donor 62.2 42.3 25.9 31.0 51.0 34.8 60.1 37.8

RGoB Donor

Sources: Budget Status reports provided by AFD, MoAF.

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Table 14: Budget allocation and Expenditure by agencies in 2013-2014 fiscal year (September 2014)

Budget Allocation Expenditure (%) Agencies Financing Current Capital Total Current Capital Total

Total 148.30 226.40 374.70 84.4 76.1 79.4

Secretariat RGoB 106.48 31.23 137.71 91.3 73.2 87.2

Donor 41.82 195.17 236.99 66.8 76.5 74.8

Total 348.61 546.35 894.97 91.6 84.2 87.1

DoA RGoB 323.93 291.74 615.68 93.2 94.8 94.0

Donor 24.68 254.61 279.29 70.3 72.1 71.9

Total 356.33 220.47 576.80 94.4 92.6 93.7

DoL RGoB 319.49 143.37 462.85 95.4 92.8 94.6

Donor 36.84 77.10 113.94 85.5 92.2 90.1

Total 634.97 287.66 922.63 92.3 76.1 87.3

DoFPS RGoB 564.92 134.54 699.46 94.6 85.7 92.8

Donor 70.05 153.13 223.17 74.5 67.7 69.8

Total 24.28 16.99 41.27 78.5 63.6 72.3

CORRB RGoB 15.96 4.48 20.44 89.3 82.6 87.8

Donor 8.31 12.52 20.83 57.7 56.7 57.1

Total 82.27 58.68 140.94 95.4 80.4 89.1

BAFRA RGoB 76.96 26.84 103.80 97.7 83.3 94.0

Donor 5.30 31.84 37.14 61.6 77.9 75.6

Total 25.22 41.62 66.84 94.6 79.4 85.1

DAMC RGoB 22.34 14.87 37.21 96.0 72.5 86.6

Donor 2.88 26.75 29.63 83.3 83.2 83.2

Total 1,619.97 1,398.18 3,018.15 91.9 82.0 87.3

Overall RGoB 1,430.08 647.06 2,077.14 94.3 90.3 93.1

Donor 189.89 751.12 941.01 73.4 74.8 74.5

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Table 15: Budget allocation and Expenditure by agencies in 2014-2015 fiscal year (March 2015)

Budget Outlay Expenditure (%) Agencies Financing Current Capital Total Current Capital Total

Total 150.51 254.81 405.32 56.5 37.6 44.6

Secretariat RGoB 110.35 42.75 153.10 65.0 34.4 56.5

Donor 40.16 212.06 252.22 33.2 38.3 37.5

Total 388.77 465.22 853.99 65.2 32.8 47.6

DoA RGoB 351.75 140.88 492.63 69.1 41.3 61.2

Donor 37.01 324.35 361.36 28.1 29.1 29.0

Total 381.72 334.04 715.77 67.9 36.9 53.4

DoL RGoB 350.83 179.79 530.62 71.7 47.1 63.4

Donor 30.90 154.25 185.15 23.8 25.0 24.8

Total 752.72 289.28 1042.00 71.6 41.4 63.2

DoFPS RGoB 651.01 68.06 719.06 73.3 53.0 71.3

Donor 101.72 221.22 322.94 61.0 37.9 45.2

Total 23.85 14.98 38.83 45.2 22.0 36.2

CoRRB RGoB 15.74 3.30 19.04 62.0 22.5 55.1

Donor 8.12 11.68 19.80 12.7 21.8 18.1

Total 96.00 67.79 163.78 68.3 12.5 45.2

BAFRA RGoB 91.12 15.64 106.76 71.2 30.5 65.3

Donor 4.88 52.15 57.02 13.1 7.2 7.7

Total 31.21 53.68 84.88 57.1 36.6 44.1

DAMC RGoB 27.86 6.00 33.86 62.3 94.8 68.1

Donor 3.35 47.68 51.03 13.6 29.3 28.3

Total 3649.56 2959.59 6609.15 67.4 35.3 53.1

Overall RGoB 1598.65 456.42 2055.06 71.0 44.9 65.2

Donor 226.13 1023.38 1249.51 42.1 31.1 33.1

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4.3 Revenue generated through royalties

Table 16: Revenue generated through royalties on supply of timber and non-wood forest products by Territorial Divisions and Parks

Nu in Millions Division / Park 2012-2013 2013-2014 Average Bumthang 4.928 0.561 2.745 Gedu 0.246 0.109 0.178 Mongar 2.245 0.798 1.521 Paro 1.016 0.690 0.853 Samdrupjongkhar 0.078 0.144 0.111 Samtse 4.286 1.525 2.905 Sarpang 4.562 0.671 2.616 Thimphu 0.146 0.136 0.141 Trashigang 1.126 1.607 1.367 Tsirang 16.453 0.833 8.643 Wangdue 0.729 0.884 0.807 Zhemgang 0.259 0.219 0.239 Bumdeling Wildlife Sanctury 0.695 0.587 0.641 Jigme Dorji National Park 0.348 0.352 0.350 Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park 0.755 0.798 0.776 Royal Manas National Park 0.796 0.947 0.871 Sakteng Wildlife Sanctury 1.196 17.015 9.105 Thrumshingla National Park 0.076 1.290 0.683 Wangchuck Centinial Park 0.697 0.777 0.737 Total 40.638 29.943 35.291

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5. Human Resource Profile

Human resource development is the crucial part and must be placed at the center of concerns for development processes. The ability of a sector to pursue sustainable development is determined by the capacity of its workforce. To achieve success, further inputs are required for effective, efficient, accessible, viable and high-quality services. Adequate and efficient human resources are required across different occupations and geographical regions.

The human resource profile presented in this section is compilated using the data available at Human Resource Management Division (HRMD) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forests (MoAF).

Table 17 shows that the strength of civil servants in the RNR Sector is mostly dominated by the Support and Supervisory group (55.2%) followed by Professional and Management (35.5%), Operational (8.2%) and Executive and Especialist (1.2%). Qulification wise, the majority is constituted by Certificate level (44.1%) followed by Diploma (40.25%), Bachelors (8.5%), Masters (5.1%), PG. Diploma (1.5%) and Ph.D. (0.2%).

Table 17: Civil servants strength of RNR sector by qualification and position level (April 2015) Qualification

Position Total Ph.D. Percent Masters Diploma Bachelors Certificate PG. PG. Diploma EX 0 6 0 0 0 0 6 0.2 Executive / Especialist ES 4 31 0 0 1 0 36 1.0 P1 2 56 8 5 10 0 81 2.2 P2 2 44 11 3 14 1 75 2.1 Professional / Management P3 0 29 51 10 33 7 130 3.6 P4 0 19 173 18 233 14 457 12.6 P5 0 1 46 15 389 98 549 15.1 S1 0 0 17 3 337 74 431 11.8 S2 0 0 3 1 430 184 618 17.0 Support / Supervisory S3 0 0 0 0 23 259 282 7.7 S4 0 0 1 0 2 463 466 12.8 S5 0 0 0 0 2 208 210 5.8 O1 0 0 0 0 0 115 115 3.2 O2 0 0 0 0 0 66 66 1.8 Operational O3 0 0 0 0 0 53 53 1.5 O4 0 0 0 0 0 64 64 1.8 Total 8 186 310 55 1,474 1,606 3,639 100.0 Percent 0.2 5.1 8.5 1.5 40.5 44.1 100.0

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Table 18: Distribution of civil servants across agencies in the RNR sector by position level (April 2015) Position Level

Agency Total Support/ Executive Especialist Supervisory Operational Professional/ Management Agency's share

AFD 0 0 9 14 5 28 1 BAFRA 1 0 93 84 5 183 5 CoRRB 1 4 6 6 5 22 1 DAMC 0 4 24 7 6 41 1 DoA 1 8 370 333 107 819 23 DoFPS 2 10 413 1,098 68 1,591 44 DoL 1 8 337 392 79 817 22 HRMD 0 0 8 6 1 15 0 IAU 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 ICS 0 0 11 5 2 18 0 MAGIP 0 0 2 2 2 6 0 NBC 0 0 19 17 3 39 1 PPD 0 0 19 5 3 27 1 RDTC 0 0 7 5 4 16 0 RLP 0 0 4 1 3 8 0 Min/Sec 1 0 0 3 2 6 0 Total 7 34 1,325 1,978 295 3,639 100 Percent 0.2 0.9 36.4 54.4 8.1 100.0 Note: Min/Sec = Office of the Minister and Secretary.

Table 19: Distribution of civil servants across agencies in the RNR sector by qualification (April 2015) Qualification Agency Ph.D. Masters Bachelors PG. Diploma Diploma Certificate Total AFD 0 3 3 0 7 15 28 BAFRA 1 4 17 0 133 28 183 CoRRB 0 10 0 0 1 11 22 DAMC 0 9 8 1 15 8 41 DoA 2 44 92 11 380 290 819 DoFPS 3 62 99 36 468 923 1,591 DoL 1 35 53 7 437 284 817 HRMD 0 2 5 0 1 7 15 IAU 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 ICS 0 1 8 0 4 5 18 MAGIP 0 1 1 0 0 4 6 NBC 0 6 7 0 15 11 39 PPD 1 7 10 0 3 6 27 RDTC 0 1 1 0 7 7 16 RLP 0 0 3 0 2 3 8 Min/Sec 0 1 0 0 1 4 6 Total 8 186 310 55 1,474 1,606 3,639 Percent 0.2 5.1 8.5 1.5 40.5 44.1 100.0 Note: a) Min/Sec = Office of the Minister and Secretary. b) Others represent staff in ESP/GSP group.

~ 18 ~

Table 20: Distribution of civil servants across agencies in the RNR sector by position level and sex (April 2015)

Position Level % Agency Executive Especialist Professional Support Operational Total Proportion M F M F M F M F M F M F M F AFD 0 0 0 0 6 2 6 9 4 1 16 12 57.1 42.9 BAFRA 1 0 0 0 64 29 60 24 5 0 130 53 71.0 29.0 CoRRB 1 0 4 0 4 2 2 4 5 0 16 6 72.7 27.3 DAMC 0 0 4 0 17 7 4 3 5 1 30 11 73.2 26.8 DoA 1 0 8 0 286 79 245 93 98 9 638 181 77.9 22.1 DoFPS 2 0 10 0 363 49 905 194 64 4 1,344 247 84.5 15.5 DoL 1 0 8 0 299 38 322 70 75 4 705 112 86.3 13.7 HRMD 0 0 0 0 4 4 1 4 1 0 6 8 42.9 57.1 IAU 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 100.0 0.0

ICS 0 0 0 0 9 3 2 3 2 0 13 6 68.4 31.6 MAGIP 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 5 1 83.3 16.7 NBC 0 0 0 0 11 8 10 7 2 1 23 16 59.0 41.0 PPD 0 0 0 0 15 5 2 2 3 0 20 7 74.1 25.9 RDTC 0 0 0 0 6 1 3 2 4 0 13 3 81.3 18.8 RLP 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 3 0 7 1 87.5 12.5 Min/Sec 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 5 1 83.3 16.7 Total 7 0 34 0 1,092 228 1,566 417 275 20 2,974 665 81.7 18.3 Percent 0.2 0.0 0.9 0.0 30.0 6.3 43.0 11.5 7.6 0.5 81.7 18.3

Note: Min/Sec = Office of the Minister and Secretary.

Figure 9: Distribution of civil servants across headquarters, field offices and dzongkhags (April 2015)

35.0 30.0 29.9 30.0 25.9 25.0

20.0

Percent 15.0 12.4

10.0

5.0 1.8

0.0 Territorial Divisions / Dzongkhags Central Program / Headquarters Training Institutions Parks Regional Offices

Note: Training Institution = UWICE in Bumthang and RDTC in Zhemgang. Headquarters also includes civil servants of Functional Divisions in DoFPS.

~ 19 ~

Table 21: Distribution of staff across headquarters, field offices and dzongkhags by agencies (April 2012) Headquarters and field offices Agency Territorial Central Program / Training Headquarters Dzongkhags Total Divisions / Parks Regional Offices Institutions AFD 28 0 0 0 0 28 BAFRA 21 0 12 0 150 183 CoRRB 22 0 0 0 0 22 DAMC 29 0 12 0 0 41 DoA 63 0 452 0 304 819 DoFPS 147 1,093 70 50 231 1,591 DoL 26 0 387 0 404 817 HRMD 15 0 0 0 0 15 IAU 3 0 0 0 0 3 ICS 18 0 0 0 0 18 MAGIP 6 0 0 0 0 6 NBC 39 0 0 0 0 39 PPD 26 0 0 0 0 26 RDTC 0 0 0 16 0 16 RLP 0 0 8 0 0 8 Min/Sec 7 0 0 0 0 7 Total 450 1,093 941 66 1,089 3,639 Percent 12.4 30.0 25.9 1.8 29.9 100.0 Note: Min/Sec = Office of the Minister and Secretary.

Table 22: Distribution of RNR Staffs across dzongkhags by sectors (April 2015) Extension service sectors BAFRA DoA DoFPS DoL Dzongkhag M F M F M F M F Bumthang 2 7 7 1 14 0 3 2 Chhukha 11 6 16 0 17 2 12 5 Dagana 15 2 10 1 19 1 7 0 Gasa 5 0 4 1 7 0 2 0 Haa 9 1 10 0 13 4 2 1 Lhuentse 12 0 6 1 17 1 4 0 Monggar 12 6 16 1 21 5 4 0 Paro 10 6 12 2 23 2 7 8 Pemagatshel 15 0 11 0 22 0 4 2 Punakha 13 5 14 2 22 1 3 2 S/jongkhar 9 5 15 1 19 1 13 0 Samtse 21 7 12 1 24 2 6 4 Sarpang 10 8 13 0 19 3 7 3 Thimphu 7 6 4 5 15 6 10 7 Trashigang 15 5 1 0 28 2 5 2 Trashiyangtse 10 0 11 0 12 2 5 0 Trongsa 4 5 13 0 13 1 3 0 Tsirang 13 2 16 0 20 0 5 0 Wangdue 18 8 11 3 23 4 5 1 Zhemgang 14 0 10 0 18 1 6 0 Bhutan 225 79 212 19 366 38 113 37

~ 20 ~

Table 23: Distribution of staff across sectors as percentage of the total RNR extension staff in the dzongkhag (April 2015)

Dzongkhag DoA DoFPS DoL Dzongkhag DoA DoFPS DoL Bumthang 30.0 26.7 43.3 S/jongkhar 28.0 32.0 40.0 Chhukha 33.3 31.4 35.3 Samtse 41.8 19.4 38.8 Dagana 34.0 22.0 44.0 Sarpang 34.0 24.5 41.5 Gasa 26.3 31.6 42.1 Thimphu 29.5 20.5 50.0 Haa 27.8 27.8 44.4 Trashigang 39.2 2.0 58.8 Lhuentse 33.3 19.4 47.2 Trashiyangtse 28.6 31.4 40.0 Monggar 28.6 27.0 44.4 Trongsa 24.3 35.1 40.5 Paro 28.1 24.6 47.4 Tsirang 28.8 30.8 40.4 Pemagatshel 31.3 22.9 45.8 Wangdue 38.2 20.6 41.2 Punakha 31.6 28.1 40.4 Zhemgang 32.6 23.3 44.2

Figure 10: Number of rural households per RNR extension staff (agriculture, forests and livestock), April 2015 80

70 67 67 61 60 57 55 53 52 51 51 50 48 48 50 43 43 40 37 37 36 35 31 30

20 17

10

0

Table 24: ESP and GSP by agencies Agency’s Agency ESP GSP ESP/GSP Share (%) AFD 9 2 11 2.2 Box BAFRA 17 0 17 3.4 CoRRB 0 1 1 0.2 The Elementary Service Personnel (ESP) and DAMC 1 1 2 0.4 General Service Personal (GSP) consist DoA 186 6 193 38.5 Dispatcher, Guards, Helpers, Caretakers, DoFPS 94 54 148 29.5 Gardeners, Farm Attendants, Cooks, Dry and DoL 102 5 107 21.4 Wet Sweepers, Boatman and Blacksmiths etc. ICS 0 1 1 0.2 NBC 16 1 17 3.4 PPD 0 1 1 0.2 RLP 0 1 1 0.2 Min/Sec 0 2 2 0.4 Total 425 75 501 100.0

~ 21 ~

6. Demography of economically active and inactive rural households’ members

Economically active population includes both employed and unemployed. The presence of an economically active member in a household has an impact on the overall household income and livelihood improvement. The analysis presented here was calculated using rural households’ demographic data from the agriculture survey 2012 and 2013.

As has been adopted in the Labour Force Surveys of Ministry of Labour and Human Resources, the lower limit age was set to 15 and upper limit age to 64 for economically active household members, while for the inactive, the household members with age ranging from 0-14 and older than 64 was considered. Table 25 presents the demography of economically active and inactive rural households’ members in 2012 and 2013. It shows that the economically active rural households’ members has increased from 63.8% in 2012 to 65.0% in 2013, while inactive members has decreased from 36.2% in 2012 to 35.0% in 2013.

Table 25: Economically active and inactive rural household members residing on the farm in 2012 and 2013 2012 2013

Active (age 15-64 yrs) Active (age 15-64 yrs)

Dzongkhag Inactive Inactive

Total Male Female Total Male Female (age <15 +>64 yrs) (age <15 +>64 yrs)

Bumthang 57.9 40.3 59.7 42.1 59.9 43.4 56.6 40.1 Chhukha 64.6 49.9 50.1 35.4 68.2 48.6 51.4 31.8 Dagana 67.9 49.8 50.2 32.1 64.7 48.2 51.8 35.3 Gasa 61.6 47.4 52.6 38.4 69.8 48.0 52.0 30.2 Haa 59.5 49.8 50.2 40.5 64.6 47.0 53.0 35.4 Lhuentse 55.5 45.4 54.6 44.5 57.7 47.4 52.6 42.3 Monggar 65.7 47.0 53.0 34.3 63.7 47.6 52.4 36.3 Paro 62.3 43.0 57.0 37.7 64.1 44.7 55.3 35.9 Pemagatshel 68.5 46.0 54.0 31.5 69.1 46.1 53.9 30.9 Punakha 60.2 48.1 51.9 39.8 62.7 46.5 53.5 37.3 Samdrupjongkhar 64.2 49.4 50.6 35.8 66.4 50.6 49.4 33.6 Samtse 65.2 51.4 48.6 34.8 66.0 50.3 49.7 34.0 Sarpang 64.9 49.2 50.8 35.1 70.6 47.9 52.1 29.4 Thimphu 55.9 46.8 53.2 44.1 69.1 46.8 53.2 30.9 Trashigang 65.3 48.1 51.9 34.7 63.6 48.1 51.9 36.4 Trashiyangtse 63.9 44.6 55.4 36.1 63.8 49.3 50.7 36.2 Trongsa 70.1 46.2 53.8 29.9 65.0 45.4 54.6 35.0 Tsirang 67.7 48.8 51.2 32.3 72.9 49.2 50.8 27.1 Wangduephodrang 62.9 44.5 55.5 37.1 62.0 43.7 56.3 38.0 Zhemgang 58.4 47.9 52.1 41.6 60.2 48.8 51.2 39.8 Bhutan 63.8 47.8 52.2 36.2 65.0 47.9 52.1 35.0 Sources: Generated from Agriculture survey data 2012 and 2013

~ 22 ~

7. Labour force participation in RNR sector

According to the Labour Force Survey (LFS) report, 2013 of the Ministry of Labour and Human Resources (MoLHR), the overall labor force participation rate has increased from 64.4% in 2012 to 65.3% in 2013. It also stated that the labour force participation rate for male has also increased from 65.7% in 2012 to 72.1% in 2013, while the female participation rate has decreased from 63.2% in 2012 to 58.9% in 2013.

The analysis of LFS reports for the last four years (2010-2013) shows that the labour force participation rate in the RNR sector has increased from 56.1% in 2010 to 60.0% in 2012 but has gone down to 56.2% in 2013. Female labour force participation rate has also increased from 52.9% in 2010 to 62.3% in 2012 but dropped to 53.3% in 2013, while male participation rate has been observing a decreasing trend from 2010 (47.1%) till 2012 (37.7%) and increased by 9%, making 47.7% in 2013. See Figure 11.

Figure 11: Labour force participation in RNR sector by sex

80.0 62.3 56.1 57.5 60.0 56.2 60.0 52.9 54.0 53.3 47.1 46.0 46.7 37.7 40.0

20.0 Percent 0.0 2010 2011 2012 2013

Total Male Female

Table 26: Dzongkhag wise labour force participation in RNR sector by sex Total (%) Male (%) Female (%) Dzongkhag

2010 2011 2012 2013 2010 2011 2012 2013 2010 2011 2012 2013 Bumthang 64.2 75.0 74.2 45.8 55.9 41.7 37.0 37.6 44.1 58.3 63.0 62.4 Chhukha 26.9 35.7 57.1 24.5 46.8 44.8 38.3 55.1 53.2 55.2 61.7 44.9 Dagana 75.4 65.0 73.3 73.9 48.8 46.2 20.5 49.5 51.2 53.8 79.5 50.5 Gasa 76.5 64.3 81.0 27.4 38.5 33.3 44.1 45.4 61.5 66.7 55.9 54.6 Haa 78.0 79.4 74.0 68.3 50.0 44.0 42.1 39.9 50.0 56.0 57.9 60.1 Lhuentse 83.3 86.0 70.7 77.4 43.3 44.6 42.1 43.8 56.7 55.4 57.9 56.2 Monggar 74.5 79.8 68.0 74.1 44.8 40.7 40.5 37.5 55.2 59.3 59.5 62.5 Paro 62.1 60.5 45.0 57.2 36.4 46.3 27.5 39.9 63.6 53.7 72.5 60.1 Pemagatshel 43.9 50.0 70.6 81.9 48.0 43.8 42.1 47.5 52.0 56.3 57.9 52.5 Punakha 85.2 79.3 78.8 79.0 43.0 49.5 40.7 49.5 57.0 50.5 59.3 50.5 SamdrupJongkhar 2.5 48.9 66.8 61.8 50.0 49.3 40.3 48.3 50.0 50.7 59.7 51.7 Samtse 76.9 64.1 73.8 57.8 50.2 52.0 45.0 51.4 49.8 48.0 55.0 48.6 Sarpang 43.8 60.1 65.0 59.9 47.9 45.7 27.4 52.0 52.1 54.3 72.6 48.0 Thimphu 7.6 1.8 15.4 8.7 51.5 42.9 9.2 46.9 48.5 57.1 90.8 53.1 Trashigang 76.4 72.2 61.6 72.8 46.4 44.2 40.6 47.0 53.6 55.8 59.4 53.0 Trashiyangtse 88.2 80.9 63.4 73.7 43.9 45.5 36.4 46.4 56.1 54.5 63.6 53.6 Trongsa 67.6 80.0 78.4 60.5 47.8 50.0 33.6 37.8 52.2 50.0 66.4 62.2 Tsirang 83.7 84.8 72.4 80.0 49.6 47.9 48.5 46.6 50.4 52.1 51.5 53.4 Wangdue 70.8 69.8 71.3 80.2 54.5 45.1 39.1 46.7 45.5 54.9 60.9 53.3 Zhemgang 74.3 84.2 78.7 83.8 48.1 44.7 31.2 47.6 51.9 55.3 68.8 52.4 Bhutan 56.1 57.5 60.0 56.2 47.1 46.0 37.7 46.7 52.9 54.0 62.3 53.3

~ 23 ~

8. Agriculture

8.1 Agriculture Landholding

According to Land Cover Mapping Project (LCMP) report 2010, the cultivated land area was found to be 2.93% of the total geographical area of 38,394 Km 2. Average landholding (own land cultivated + land leased out + land left fallow) is just about 3.4 acres per rural household, according to agriculture survey 2013 (Figure 12). Small landholding compounded by fragmentation of land parcels is the biggest challenge, in producing sufficient food commodities in the country. The department of agriculture is putting concerted effort to increase the productivity of the limited land resources through improved farming technologies, high yielding crop varieties, improving irrigation water supply and farm mechanization among others.

Figure 12: Average landholding in 2013

6.0 5.2 5.1 4.7 4.6 4.4

5.0 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.4 4.0 3.4 3.0 2.9 2.7

3.0 2.3 2.2 2.2 1.8 1.4 2.0 1.4 1.0

Acres perAcres household 0.0

Source: Calculated by author using agriculture survey data 2013

Table 27: Average total landholding and proportion (%) of households by holding size in 2013 Percent households by landholding size Dzongkhag Avg (acres) < 1 acre 1-3 acres 3-5 acres 5-10 acres > 10 acres Bumthang 4.68 15.5 36.3 17.5 18.3 12.4 Chhukha 5.18 6.6 34.5 25.2 22.2 11.5 Dagana 4.01 9.2 34.3 29.0 23.1 4.5 Gasa 1.37 51.2 39.0 7.7 2.0 0.0 Haa 3.60 9.9 47.7 21.9 16.1 4.4 Lhuentse 3.41 11.2 48.9 22.0 14.7 3.3 Monggar 2.73 12.8 59.3 15.1 11.0 1.9 Paro 2.90 18.7 48.0 18.2 12.0 3.1 Pemagatshel 2.99 22.6 43.1 18.7 11.9 3.7 Punakha 2.17 29.6 51.2 10.5 7.0 1.7 Samdrupjongkhar 3.41 5.5 48.1 30.7 13.5 2.2 Samtse 4.13 7.2 38.4 30.5 19.6 4.3 Sarpang 4.41 6.2 26.5 45.4 17.7 4.1 Thimphu 1.42 53.9 32.4 9.8 3.4 0.5 Trashigang 1.80 31.4 54.8 9.8 3.6 0.5 Trashiyangtse 2.15 24.3 52.3 16.2 6.9 0.3 Trongsa 4.63 15.7 26.0 22.0 28.0 8.3 Tsirang 4.32 3.9 31.9 40.6 20.0 3.7 Wangduephodrang 2.31 20.3 57.3 13.7 7.9 0.8 Zhemgang 5.10 3.6 28.2 24.5 37.5 6.2 Bhutan 3.38 16.6 42.3 22.2 15.0 3.8 Source: Calculated by author using agriculture survey data 2013

~ 24 ~

Table 28: Proportion (%) of households by wetland and dry land holding size in 2013 Wetland Dry land

Dzongkhag < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10

acre acres acres acres acres acre acres acres acres acres Bumthang 6.5 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.8 37.0 16.0 18.5 11.3

Chhukha 27.7 27.8 2.7 0.5 0.2 15.2 46.7 15.3 14.5 5.5

Dagana 20.2 34.4 5.8 1.2 0.1 14.0 47.3 18.2 9.2 1.4

Gasa 7.7 15.4 0.8 0.4 0.0 58.1 31.3 4.9 0.4 0.0

Haa 6.4 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.6 56.4 15.2 11.3 2.3

Lhuentse 38.2 35.3 3.9 1.1 0.5 25.0 49.3 14.3 7.5 1.6

Monggar 39.6 5.1 0.8 0.0 0.2 17.6 59.6 12.0 8.2 1.0

Paro 23.9 38.7 5.8 1.9 0.5 38.7 27.7 7.7 3.8 0.8

Pemagatshel 8.8 2.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 26.2 47.9 15.4 7.5 2.6

Punakha 31.9 45.9 9.0 3.9 0.9 39.2 11.9 1.3 0.2 0.3

S/jongkhar 10.6 22.6 2.9 0.7 0.0 13.2 54.8 17.3 5.0 0.7

Samtse 24.1 32.3 6.8 1.7 0.1 22.6 52.1 13.8 6.2 1.5

Sarpang 14.4 39.9 8.4 0.6 0.3 18.0 55.1 17.9 3.3 0.7

Thimphu 17.7 7.3 1.2 0.2 0.0 57.7 26.2 6.4 1.4 0.2

Trashigang 42.8 6.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 42.3 47.4 6.3 2.6 0.3

Trashiyangtse 52.8 23.3 0.9 0.6 0.0 44.1 40.4 9.6 3.4 0.3

Trongsa 34.9 38.5 4.7 1.3 0.2 23.3 33.1 17.2 19.0 3.8

Tsirang 13.9 43.0 10.8 0.4 0.0 11.7 54.9 20.6 8.2 0.7

Wangdue 19.8 36.4 6.5 2.9 0.1 38.4 35.3 6.4 1.3 0.0

Zhemgang 26.7 35.6 1.4 0.3 0.0 10.0 41.7 24.7 18.3 2.9

Bhutan 24.4 26.7 4.2 1.1 0.2 26.5 43.7 12.8 6.9 1.7

Source: Calculated by author using agriculture survey data 2013

Table 29: Dzongkhag wise agrilcure landholding (hectares) Dzongkhag Wetland Dryland Orchard Plantation Bumthang 25 2,884 12 0 Chhukha 1,799 5,119 1,360 962 Dagana 1,493 4,588 1,341 115 Gasa 144 386 0 0 Haa 89 2,068 98 527 Lhuentse 1,576 4,329 1 0 Monggar 432 5,304 3 0 Paro 1,753 3,562 1,026 0 Pemagatshel 302 4,333 620 0 Punakha 5,074 262 17 0 Samdrupjongkhar 1,148 6,732 232 17 Samtse 5,682 8,151 894 2,639 Sarpang 2,088 3,473 553 540 Thimphu 458 914 902 0 Trashigang 1,449 4,974 0 0 Trashiyangtse 949 2,111 0 0 Trongsa 1,082 1,205 0 0 Tsirang 1,527 2,867 314 0 Wangduephodrang 4,202 1,742 0 0 Zhemgang 640 3,251 211 0 Bhutan 31,911 68,255 7,585 4,799 Source: Land Cover Mapping Project report 2010.

~ 25 ~

8.2 Crop production

The goal of Department of Agriculture has always been to increase production of food commodities. One of its aims for the 11 th Plan is to ensure food security and increase income through management of arable, horticulture crops and medicinal plants. Access to markets, farm inputs, construction of farm roads and application of improved technologies are some of the prioritized means to achieve the goal.

Table 30 shows the trend in the production of cereals and potatoes over the last two years (2012-2013). On an average, the paddy and maize were observed to be producing over 76,621MT and 74,370MT annually with average yield of 1,524KG and 1,224KG per acre respectively. The average production of wheat/barley and other cereals were about 6,845MT and 7,430MT with average yield of 798KG and 594KG an acre respectively, while annual average potato production was 46,695MT with average yield of 3,595KG per acre.

Table 30: Production of cereals and potatoes

Cultivated area (Acres) Production (MT) Yield (Kg/Acre) Crops 2012 2013 Avg 2012 2013 Avg 2012 2013 Avg Paddy 52,252 48,361 50,307 78,014 75,228 76,621 1,493 1,556 1,524 Maize 63,488 58,338 60,913 73,024 75,715 74,370 1,150 1,298 1,224 Wheat/Barley 8,813 8,308 8,561 7,394 6,295 6,845 839 758 798 Other cereals 13,313 11,644 12,479 8,268 6,592 7,430 621 566 594 Potato 12,548 13,391 12,970 43,000 50,390 46,695 3,427 3,763 3,595

Sources: Agriculture Statistics, 2012 and 2013

Of the total annual average cultivated area and production of cereals over the last two years (2012 and 2013), paddy represents 37.9% and 46.4% of cultivated area and production repectively. Maize on average was cultivating on about 46.3% and producing 45.0%, of the total average cereals cultivated area and production respectively. Wheat/barley and buckwheat/millets account for 6.3% and 9.4% of the annual average cereals cultivated area and 4.1% and 4.5% of production respectively. See Figure 13.

Figure 13: Average proportion of cultivated area and production of cereals (2012-2013)

50.0 46.4 46.3 45.0 37.9 40.0

30.0

20.0 Percent 9.4 10.0 6.3 4.1 4.5 0.0 Paddy Maize Wheat/Barley Buckwheat/Millets

Cultivated area Production

Source: Calculated by author using agriculrure statistics, 2012 and 2013

~ 26 ~

Table 31: Production of major horticulture crops Production (MT) Crops 2012 2013 Average Mustard 790 955 873 Ginger 5,014 3,756 4,385 Cardamom 643 1,162 903 Chilli 7,726 7,852 7,789 Apple 7,666 8,321 7,994 Mandarin 49,501 33,469 41,485 Arecanut 7,788 6,249 7,019 Sources: Agriculture Statistics, 2012 and 2013

Table 32: Total cereal production

Cultivated area (Acres) Production (MT) Yield (Kg/Acre) Dzonkhag 2012 2013 Average 2012 2013 Average 2012 2013 Average Bumthang 1,445 1,580 1,512 1,097 1,389 1,243 759 879 819 Chhukha 6,953 6,404 6,679 6,050 5,998 6,024 870 937 903 Dagana 11,819 11,471 11,645 13,590 13,911 13,751 1,150 1,213 1,181 Gasa 499 353 426 528 373 451 1,058 1,058 1,058 Haa 2,218 1,691 1,954 2,092 1,305 1,699 943 772 857 Lhuentse 6,304 5,315 5,809 8,403 9,085 8,744 1,333 1,709 1,521 Monggar 11,978 10,973 11,476 14,032 17,034 15,533 1,171 1,552 1,362 Paro 4,905 5,191 5,048 8,612 10,675 9,644 1,756 2,056 1,906 Pemagatshel 5,977 5,430 5,703 6,650 6,552 6,601 1,113 1,207 1,160 Punakha 6,006 6,848 6,427 10,106 11,791 10,949 1,683 1,722 1,702 S/jongkhar 8,890 9,492 9,191 11,266 10,529 10,898 1,267 1,109 1,188 Samtse 15,933 14,047 14,990 17,583 13,690 15,637 1,104 975 1,039 Sarpang 12,928 9,755 11,342 14,412 11,892 13,152 1,115 1,219 1,167 Thimphu 1,245 700 973 2,009 1,186 1,598 1,614 1,693 1,654 Trashigang 9,579 7,864 8,722 13,654 9,941 11,798 1,425 1,264 1,345 Trashiyangtse 3,918 3,822 3,870 5,059 5,696 5,378 1,291 1,490 1,391 Trongsa 3,495 4,804 4,150 3,698 5,441 4,570 1,058 1,133 1,095 Tsirang 10,013 10,020 10,017 11,487 10,704 11,096 1,147 1,068 1,108 Wangdue 6,056 6,323 6,190 8,517 9,768 9,143 1,406 1,545 1,476 Zhemgang 7,342 5,556 6,449 7,854 6,860 7,357 1,070 1,235 1,152 Bhutan 137,503 127,639 132,571 130,105 131,338 130,722 946 1,029 988 Sources: Agriculture Statistic, 2012 and 2013

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Table 33: Paddy production Cultivated area (Acres) Production (MT) Yield (Kg/Acre) Dzonkhag 2012 2013 Average 2012 2013 Average 2012 2013 Average Bumthang 91 170 131 119 259 189 1,308 1,519 1,413 Chhukha 1,888 1,865 1,877 2,503 2,461 2,482 1,326 1,320 1,323 Dagana 3,864 3,656 3,760 5,669 5,542 5,606 1,467 1,516 1,491 Gasa 189 121 155 285 147 216 1,508 1,214 1,361 Haa 147 143 145 223 178 201 1,517 1,242 1,380 Lhuentse 3,827 2,329 3,078 5,066 3,944 4,505 1,324 1,693 1,509 Monggar 2,025 1,029 1,527 2,671 1,431 2,051 1,319 1,391 1,355 Paro 3,950 4,247 4,099 7,764 9,891 8,828 1,966 2,329 2,147 Pemagatshel 213 45 129 255 43 149 1,197 956 1,076 Punakha 5,095 5,908 5,502 9,351 11,028 10,190 1,835 1,867 1,851 S/jongkhar 2,468 2,310 2,389 3,677 2,663 3,170 1,490 1,153 1,321 Samtse 7,179 7,175 7,177 9,844 8,969 9,407 1,371 1,250 1,311 Sarpang 5,054 4,274 4,664 6,874 5,518 6,196 1,360 1,291 1,326 Thimphu 1,078 562 820 1,833 1,065 1,449 1,700 1,895 1,798 Trashigang 2,786 1,637 2,212 3,851 2,356 3,104 1,382 1,439 1,411 Trashiyangtse 2,007 1,680 1,844 2,484 2,326 2,405 1,238 1,384 1,311 Trongsa 1,334 1,749 1,542 1,906 2,486 2,196 1,429 1,421 1,425 Tsirang 3,533 3,704 3,619 5,191 4,984 5,088 1,469 1,346 1,407 Wangdue 4,208 4,455 4,332 6,641 8,362 7,502 1,578 1,877 1,728 Zhemgang 1,317 1,302 1,310 1,809 1,576 1,693 1,374 1,210 1,292 Bhutan 52,253 48,364 50,308 78,016 75,229 76,623 1,493 1,555 1,524 Sources: Agriculture Statistics, 2012 and 2013

Table 34: Maize production Cultivated area (Acres) Production (MT) Yield (Kg/Acre) Dzonkhag 2012 2013 Average 2012 2013 Average 2012 2013 Average Bumthang 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chhukha 3,121 3,192 3,156 2,329 2,713 2,521 746 850 798 Dagana 6,556 6,423 6,489 6,870 7,655 7,263 1,048 1,192 1,120 Gasa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Haa 416 330 373 347 329 338 834 997 916 Lhuentse 2,335 2,828 2,582 3,228 5,032 4,130 1,382 1,779 1,581 Monggar 8,481 8,494 8,488 10,420 14,767 12,594 1,229 1,739 1,484 Paro 54 56 55 46 53 50 846 946 896 Pemagatshel 5,076 4,643 4,860 5,903 6,113 6,008 1,163 1,317 1,240 Punakha 372 230 301 208 230 219 559 1,000 780 S//jongkhar 4,712 5,464 5,088 6,361 6,818 6,590 1,350 1,248 1,299 Samtse 6,673 5,623 6,148 6,393 4,046 5,220 958 720 839 Sarpang 6,587 4,191 5,389 6,890 5,687 6,289 1,046 1,357 1,201 Thimphu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trashigang 5,806 5,416 5,611 9,113 7,071 8,092 1,570 1,306 1,438 Trashiyangtse 1,619 1,781 1,700 2,325 3,046 2,686 1,437 1,710 1,573 Trongsa 956 1,286 1,121 990 1,730 1,360 1,035 1,345 1,190 Tsirang 5,416 5,359 5,388 5,745 5,150 5,448 1,061 961 1,011 Wangdue 369 340 355 430 330 380 1,165 971 1,068 Zhemgang 4,936 3,669 4,303 5,419 4,937 5,178 1,098 1,346 1,222 Bhutan 63,485 59,325 61,405 73,017 75,707 74,362 1,150 1,276 1,213 Sources: Agriculture Statistics, 2012 and 2013

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Table 35: Wheat and Barley production Cultivated area (Acres) Production (MT) Yield (Kg/Acre) Dzonkhag 2012 2013 Average 2012 2013 Average 2012 2013 Average Bumthang 697 778 738 571 703 637 819 903 861 Chhukha 386 326 356 282 270 276 731 828 779 Dagana 162 164 163 136 92 114 840 561 700 Gasa 310 227 269 243 223 233 784 981 882 Haa 1,016 606 811 1,066 432 749 1,050 713 881 Lhuentse 67 94 80 43 64 54 645 682 663 Monggar 1,072 1,179 1,126 715 718 717 667 609 638 Paro 692 703 697 713 594 654 1,031 845 938 Pemagatshel 158 57 107 131 29 80 828 510 669 Punakha 457 566 511 490 422 456 1,072 746 909 S/jongkhar 337 436 387 250 280 265 742 642 692 Samtse 320 156 238 242 86 164 756 552 654 Sarpang 17 70 44 10 43 27 588 614 601 Thimphu 167 138 153 176 121 149 1,054 874 964 Trashigang 349 338 344 277 285 281 794 843 818 Trashiyangtse 20 44 32 17 30 24 850 674 762 Trongsa 665 954 809 500 797 649 752 836 794 Tsirang 126 157 142 91 102 97 722 650 686 Wangdue 1,047 1,149 1,098 1,207 882 1,045 1,153 768 960 Zhemgang 386 164 275 235 120 178 609 732 670 Bhutan 8,451 8,306 8,379 7,395 6,293 6,844 875 758 816 Sources: Agriculture Statistics, 2012 and 2013

Table 36: Production of other cereals (Buckwheat & Millets) Cultivated area (Acres) Production (MT) Yield (Kg/Acre) Dzonkhag 2012 2013 Average 2012 2013 Average 2012 2013 Average Bumthang 657 631 644 407 427 417 619 677 648 Chhukha 1,558 1,021 1,290 936 554 745 601 543 572 Dagana 1,237 1,228 1,233 915 622 768.5 740 507 623 Gasa 0 4 2 0 3 1.5 0 750 375 Haa 639 612 626 456 366 411 714 598 656 Lhuentse 75 64 70 66 45 55.5 880 703 792 Monggar 400 271 336 226 118 172 565 435 500 Paro 209 185 197 89 137 113 425 741 583 Pemagatshel 530 685 608 361 367 364 681 536 608 Punakha 82 144 113 57 111 84 695 771 733 S/jongkhar 1,373 1,282 1,328 978 768 873 712 599 656 Samtse 1,761 1,093 1,427 1,104 589 846.5 627 539 583 Sarpang 1,270 1,220 1,245 638 644 641 502 528 515 Trashigang 638 473 556 413 229 321 647 484 566 Trashiyangtse 272 316 294 233 294 263.5 857 930 893 Trongsa 540 815 678 302 428 365 559 525 542 Tsirang 938 800 869 460 468 464 490 585 538 Wangdue 432 379 406 239 194 216.5 553 512 533 Zhemgang 703 421 562 391 227 309 556 539 548 Bhutan 13,314 11,644 12,479 8,271 6,591 7431 621 566 594 Sources: Agriculture Statistics, 2012 and 2013

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Table 37: Potato production Cultivated area (Acres) Production (MT) Yield (Kg/Acre) Dzonkhag 2012 2013 Average 2012 2013 Average 2012 2013 Average Bumthang 773 622 698 3,608 4,005 3,807 4,665 6,439 5,552 Chhukha 1,235 817 1,026 4,162 5,378 4,770 3,370 6,583 4,976 Dagana 218 161 189 217 171 194 995 1,065 1,030 Gasa 92 63 78 225 189 207 2,446 3,000 2,723 Haa 672 555 614 2,639 2,491 2,565 3,926 4,488 4,207 Lhuentse 304 341 322 891 1,106 999 2,932 3,243 3,087 Monggar 1,638 2,166 1,902 3,516 5,170 4,343 2,146 2,387 2,267 Paro 805 689 747 3,649 2,678 3,164 4,533 3,884 4,209 Pemagatshel 599 582 591 1,947 1,185 1,566 3,250 2,036 2,643 Punakha 44 76 60 87 186 137 1,956 2,447 2,202 S/jongkhar 684 1,119 902 1,437 2,047 1,742 2,099 1,829 1,964 Samtse 93 81 87 119 108 114 1,280 1,333 1,306 Sarpang 97 148 123 77 93 85 794 627 711 Thimphu 336 238 287 1,425 1,058 1,242 4,240 4,445 4,343 Trashigang 2,256 1,922 2,089 8,331 6,400 7,366 3,693 3,329 3,511 Trashiyangtse 421 763 592 1,593 3,055 2,324 3,784 4,004 3,894 Trongsa 197 130 164 670 507 589 3,401 3,900 3,651 Tsirang 283 594 439 320 261 291 1,131 439 785 Wangdue 1,600 2,235 1,918 7,822 14,165 10,994 4,889 6,338 5,613 Zhemgang 203 89 146 265 137 201 1,308 1,540 1,424 Bhutan 12,551 13,392 12,972 43,000 50,390 46,695 3,426 3,763 3,594 Sources: Agriculture Statistics, 2012 and 2013

Table 38: Apple, Mandarin and Arecanut production Apple (MT) Mandarin (MT) Arecanut (MT) Dzonkhag 2012 2013 Average 2012 2013 Average 2012 2013 Average Bumthang 350 149 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chhukha 159 88 124 1,969 2,510 2,240 295 278 287 Dagana 0 1 1 5,368 4,154 4,761 513 671 592 Gasa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Haa 467 555 511 0 20 10 0 0 0 Lhuentse 9 6 8 117 264 191 0 0 0 Monggar 24 21 23 2,127 1,505 1,816 0 9 5 Paro 3,753 5,698 4,726 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pemagatshel 0 1 1 9,981 3,805 6,893 18 7 13 Punakha 0 4 2 399 422 411 0 0 0 Samdrupjongkhar 0 0 0 5,068 4,303 4,686 579 585 582 Samtse 0 0 0 2,430 1,215 1,823 2,857 2,180 2,519 Sarpang 0 - 0 7,668 5,291 6,480 3,513 2,506 3,010 Thimphu 2,746 1,434 2,090 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trashigang 51 39 45 1,318 535 927 0 0 0 Trashiyangtse 18 15 17 197 354 276 0 0 0 Trongsa 2 2 415 293 354 0 - 0 Tsirang 0 0 0 9,764 7,283 8,524 0 0 0 Wangduephodrang 13 19 16 104 118 111 0 0 0 Zhemgang 0 1 1 2,565 1,398 1,982 10 13 12 Bhutan 7,592 8,032 7,812 49,490 33,470 41,480 7,785 6,250 7,018 Sources: Agriculture Statistics, 2012 and 2013

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Table 39: Chilli, Mustard, Ginger and Cardamom production Chilli (MT) Mustard (MT) Ginger (MT) Cardamom (MT) Dzonkhag 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 Bumthang 42 58 15 18 0 0 0 0 Chhukha 387 410 66 128 1,335 558 183 178 Dagana 81 147 46 69 33 39 29 26 Gasa 23 21 0 2 0 0 0 0 Haa 33 79 24 42 3 2 30 127 Lhuentse 443 422 28 12 4 3 0 0 Monggar 470 829 10 43 11 23 0 3 Paro 1,429 1,963 18 52 0 0 0 0 Pemagatshel 181 111 13 8 90 188 24 1 Punakha 788 808 18 28 1 2 0 0 S/jongkhar 302 475 75 140 589 747 3 2 Samtse 68 228 65 29 2,090 1,560 305 743 Sarpang 89 46 119 176 652 407 62 71 Thimphu 493 309 7 5 0 0 0 0 Trashigang 741 815 153 50 15 12 1 1 Trashiyangtse 580 475 13 8 28 12 0 0 Trongsa 255 186 13 15 8 11 1 3 Tsirang 123 126 52 25 108 146 5 5 Wangdue 848 741 39 75 17 4 0 0 Zhemgang 280 71 15 30 30 42 0 0 Bhutan 7,656 8,320 789 955 5,014 3,756 643 1,160 Sources: Agriculture Statistics, 2012 and 2013

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9. Livestock

Livestock husbandry is one of the central components of agricultural farming and thus it remains as the main economy for subsistence farmers in the rural areas of the country. The various types of livestock accomplish diversity of functions, ranging from a source of food, fertilizers, source of raw materials for clothes to being a labor force on the farms and transportation. Livestock rearing is often the only economic mainstay for the highlanders, while for many; livestock is one of the few means of asset creation and escaping the poverty trap. Therefore, livestock must be an integral part of nearly all rural poverty reduction strategies.

The aspirations of the RNR sector and livestock sub-sector in particular are to create enabling environment for farmers and entrepreneurs to invest in livestock activities for increasing livestock production, which is the core income-generating component in the subsector. The sub-sector initiated capacity enhancement of rural communities, organization of farmers’ groups and copperatives, development of market networks, provision of superior quality inputs and effective breed improvement services, reduction of unproductive cattle, expansion of fodder resource base and implementation of effective disease prevention and control programs in fulfilling the aspirations of the sector.

9.1 Livestock population

Table 40: Livestock population (Nos. heads) Livestock type 2012 2013 2014 Average Improved cattle 72,154 76,051 83,128 77,111 Local Cattle 227,501 233,396 219,950 226,949 Yaks 38,012 39,543 44,993 40,849 Horses 22,600 22,692 21,221 22,171 Sheep 10,783 9,917 10,778 10,493 Goats 39,019 39,264 48,864 42,382 Pigs 19,191 15,372 142,04 17,282 Poultry 549,733 551,185 550,715 550,544 Sources: Livestock Statistics, 2012, 2013 and 2014. Note: Local cattle includes buffaloes and yak includes zo/zom To boost dairy production, one of the interventions of the livestock department has been to increase productive (improved) cattle and reduce unproductive (local) cattle. The proportion of improved cattle has increased from 24.1% in 2012 to 27.4% in 2014, while local cattle has decreased from 75.9% in 2012 to 72.6% in 2014. The analysis has found out that the improved cattle was increasing at the annual rate of 1.1%, while the local cattle was dcreasing at the rate of 1.1% annually (refer Figure 14).

Figure 14: Proportion of improved and local cattle

80.0 60.0 75.9 75.4 72.6 74.6 40.0

Percent 20.0 24.1 24.6 27.4 25.4 0.0 2012 2013 2014 Average

Improved cattle Local Cattle

Source: Calculated by author using livestock statistics, 2012, 2013 and 2014

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Table 41: Total cattle population and proportion of milking cows Population (Nos) Proportion of milking cows (%) Dzongkhag 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Bumthang 12,370 11,023 10,090 24.1 24.1 25.6 Chhukha 23,828 21,663 23,015 18.7 19.5 20.5 Dagana 16,170 16,619 17,348 16.6 18.8 19.5 Gasa 866 804 881 18.2 17.0 21.2 Haa 9,850 9,702 8,990 25.5 29.7 29.2 Lhuentse 13,199 14,133 11,288 21.0 19.0 19.6 Monggar 25,149 25,316 26,876 21.5 22.1 23.9 Paro 11,972 13,052 13,819 23.1 21.7 20.8 Pemagatshel 7,710 7,825 8,030 22.4 19.4 22.2 Punakha 11,673 11,042 11,820 18.1 19.3 18.7 S/Jongkhar 17,066 18,139 17,936 19.1 23.2 23.6 Samtse 36,286 33,411 29,799 17.4 18.0 18.3 Sarpang 18,866 19,813 24,316 19.1 21.2 18.2 Thimphu 4,891 3,908 3,182 24.6 21.7 24.8 Trashigang 26,991 26,908 27,792 27.7 34.1 24.9 Trashiyangtse 10,224 10,422 11,726 22.3 21.4 19.6 Trongsa 10,239 11,093 11,923 20.1 22.6 22.7 Tsirang 12,219 10,912 12,747 17.0 16.7 17.2 Wangdue 21,514 25,534 22,350 19.5 20.3 20.5 Zhemgang 8,573 11,237 10,469 21.4 18.9 21.7 Bhutan 299,656 302,556 304,397 20.6 21.9 21.3 Source: Livestock Statistics, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Table 42: Proportion of improved and local cattle Improved (%) Local (%) Dzongkhag 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Bumthang 50.0 47.2 52.2 50.0 52.8 47.8 Chhukha 14.4 17.1 17.5 85.6 82.9 82.5 Dagana 16.9 21.1 20.3 83.1 79.0 79.7 Gasa 35.9 51.2 50.1 64.1 48.9 49.9 Haa 27.1 27.9 31.0 72.9 72.1 69.0 Lhuentse 15.4 16.2 19.6 84.6 83.9 80.4 Monggar 25.4 27.4 30.0 74.6 72.6 70.0 Paro 40.9 32.5 40.5 59.1 67.5 59.5 Pemagatshel 52.3 55.1 60.7 47.7 45.0 39.3 Punakha 21.0 26.0 23.8 79.0 74.0 76.2 SamdrupJongkhar 24.1 28.6 27.7 75.9 72.3 72.3 Samtse 13.4 11.0 12.9 86.6 89.1 87.1 Sarpang 23.9 30.2 31.8 76.1 69.9 68.2 Thimphu 53.0 58.8 57.9 47.0 41.4 42.1 Trashigang 24.0 24.9 26.1 76.0 98.9 73.9 Trashiyangtse 21.4 25.0 25.5 78.6 75.6 74.5 Trongsa 24.6 25.9 27.2 75.4 74.1 72.8 Tsirang 38.3 46.8 48.9 61.7 53.3 51.1 Wangduephodrang 16.3 13.8 16.2 83.7 86.3 83.8 Zhemgang 18.5 17.4 17.0 81.5 84.0 83.0 Bhutan 24.1 25.1 27.3 75.9 77.1 72.7 Source: Calculated by author using livestock census data, 2012, 2013 and 2014

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Table 43: Improved cattle population and proportion of milking cows Population (Nos) Proportion of milking cows (%) Dzongkhag 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Bumthang 6,185 5,207 5,264 26.3 25.0 26.8 Chhukha 3,437 3,694 4,033 28.2 27.8 28.5 Dagana 2,726 3,501 3,528 27.0 26.0 29.3 Gasa 311 412 441 25.1 18.2 25.4 Haa 2,671 2,704 2,783 32.4 32.5 35.5 Lhuentse 2,032 2,286 2,216 27.4 22.0 24.8 Monggar 6,396 6,949 8,070 27.9 26.9 28.1 Paro 4,894 4,248 5,598 29.6 27.0 26.5 Pemagatshel 4,034 4,308 4,874 27.0 22.4 24.8 Punakha 2,452 2,876 2,809 26.7 26.4 25.4 S/jongkhar 4,121 5,191 4,970 28.2 28.8 31.7 Samtse 4,870 3,662 3,841 27.6 24.5 29.5 Sarpang 4,501 5,977 7,727 28.6 27.1 24.5 Thimphu 2,594 2,297 1,843 29.8 25.9 30.8 Trashigang 6,465 6,689 7,267 29.6 26.9 28.1 Trashiyangtse 2,184 2,603 2,994 29.9 27.9 26.5 Trongsa 2,514 2,874 3,239 28.6 29.2 26.9 Tsirang 4,678 5,102 6,234 25.3 23.6 23.7 Wangdue 3,500 3,518 3,619 28.0 25.5 27.2 Zhemgang 1,589 1,953 1,783 27.9 23.6 28.8 Bhutan 72,154 76,051 83,133 28.1 26.3 27.4 Source: Livestock Statistics, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Table 44: Local cattle population and proportion of milking cows Population (Nos) Proportion of milking cows (%) Dzongkhag 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Bumthang 6,185 5,817 4,826 21.9 23.2 24.2 Chhukha 20,391 17,969 18,982 17.1 17.8 18.8 Dagana 13,444 13,121 13,820 14.5 16.8 17.0 Gasa 555 393 440 14.4 15.8 17.0 Haa 7,179 6,999 6,207 23.0 28.7 26.3 Lhuentse 11,167 11,860 9,072 19.8 18.4 18.3 Monggar 18,753 18,392 18,806 19.3 20.3 22.0 Paro 7,078 8,811 8,221 18.6 19.2 16.9 Pemagatshel 3,676 3,521 3,156 17.3 15.7 18.2 Punakha 9,221 8,168 9,011 15.9 16.9 16.6 S/Jongkhar 12,945 13,113 12,966 16.1 20.7 20.5 Samtse 31,416 29,774 25,958 15.8 17.2 16.7 Sarpang 14,365 13,848 16,589 16.1 18.7 15.3 Thimphu 2,297 1,616 1,339 18.7 15.7 16.5 Trashigang 20,526 26,608 20,525 27.1 27.7 23.8 Trashiyangtse 8,040 7,876 8,732 20.2 19.1 17.3 Trongsa 7,725 8,221 8,684 17.4 20.3 21.2 Tsirang 7,541 5,812 6,513 11.8 10.7 10.9 Wangdue 18,014 22,037 18,731 17.8 19.4 19.2 Zhemgang 6,984 9,440 8,686 19.9 17.7 20.2 Bhutan 227,502 233,396 221,264 18.3 19.8 19.0 Source: Livestock Statistics, 2012, 2013 and 2014

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Table 45: Yak population and proportion of milking cows Population (Nos) Proportion of milking cows (%) Dzongkhag 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Bumthang 3,232 2,974 3,661 17.1 29.4 24.1 Chhukha 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Dagana 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Gasa 6,313 5,787 5,763 14.1 18.1 18.4 Haa 5,226 5,857 4,683 16.2 25.9 23.3 Lhuentse 241 234 387 22.6 26.9 23.8 Monggar 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Paro 1,535 2,632 2,690 18.6 21.8 19.1 Pemagatshel 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 S/Jongkhar 25 28 18 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sarpang 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu 10,442 10,984 9,757 16.8 26.4 28.1 Trashigang 7,312 7,153 14,096 17. 5 26.3 10.3 Trashiyangtse 589 541 538 16.1 20.1 20.3 Trongsa 71 80 126 0.0 0.0 21.4 Tsirang 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue 3,026 3,273 3,274 15.0 23.3 23.3 Zhemgang 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bhutan 38,012 39,543 44,993 16.3 24.6 19.4 Sources: Livestock Statistics, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Tabl 46: Population of Horses, Sheep and Goats Horses Sheep Goats Dzongkhag 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Bumthang 1,311 1,213 1,236 286 268 290 2 36 4 Chhukha 663 592 608 920 556 684 6,153 6,279 6,395 Dagana 338 283 1,348 440 374 436 6,152 5,821 16,832 Gasa 1,755 1,515 1,862 4 2 0 0 0 4 Haa 1,176 1,937 1,144 98 1 0 185 42 41 Lhuentse 1,627 1,725 1,292 101 101 94 82 76 56 Monggar 2,154 1,706 1,702 13 23 2 87 88 67 Paro 1,129 1,293 1,039 9 12 2 128 118 125 Pemagatshel 1,200 1,048 519 1 1 0 26 21 41 Punakha 547 486 470 8 15 18 100 115 223 S/Jongkhar 815 1,307 1,115 44 23 36 1,607 1,579 1,259 Samtse 442 468 284 3,726 3,583 3,596 13,959 14,492 11,685 Sarpang 422 573 524 562 562 637 3,792 3,905 4,366 Thimphu 1,218 1,303 1,249 10 9 7 34 41 23 Trashigang 3,738 3,687 3,003 2,145 2,078 2,454 170 189 149 Trashiyangtse 1,100 1,300 1,249 17 17 2 108 108 90 Trongsa 335 428 458 290 328 369 32 8 41 Tsirang 132 108 118 286 161 201 5,836 5,839 6,922 Wangdue 1,143 872 808 1,823 1,797 1,552 500 430 444 Zhemgang 1,365 1,496 1,193 0 6 398 66 77 97 Bhutan 22,610 23,340 21,221 10,783 9,917 10,778 39,019 39,264 48,864 Sources: Livestock Statistics, 2012, 2013 and 2014

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Table 47: Population of Pigs and Poultry Pigs Poultry Dzongkhag 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Bumthang 0 0 36 1,367 995 2,059 Chhukha 1,521 1,774 1,634 44,571 35,650 33,675 Dagana 1,820 1,775 1,732 25,391 19,897 17,960 Gasa na na 0 1,073 786 626 Haa 434 311 122 7,013 6,065 6,394 Lhuentse 209 216 86 11,066 13,666 12,075 Monggar 2,535 1,021 731 48,704 28,248 31,048 Paro 550 510 339 25,756 24,669 16,972 Pemagatshel 365 625 428 12,985 12,449 12,821 Punakha 591 378 354 8,650 6,710 8,055 S/Jongkhar 620 523 404 13,772 15,645 21,430 Samtse 2,845 2,133 1,919 42,931 59,091 48,229 Sarpang 1,535 1,585 2,168 148,356 151,691 170,015 Thimphu 211 412 525 21,369 28,648 28,847 Trashigang 1,406 660 542 21,207 24,211 22,727 Trashiyangtse 556 448 368 11,414 8,652 7,616 Trongsa 53 33 30 8,375 5,463 6,701 Tsirang 1,056 970 1,146 79,719 88,999 74,396 Wangdue 1,983 1,106 916 6,307 7,511 19,366 Zhemgang 900 892 706 9,707 12,139 9,703 Bhutan 19,190 15,372 14,186 549,733 551,185 550,715 Sources: Livestock Statistics, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Table 48: Proportion of households by number of total cattle in 2014 Number of cattle in range (improved & local cattle + Buffaloes) Dzongkhag < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 Bumthang 24.1 44.3 21.4 4.6 2.9 2. 6 Chhukha 32.1 43.0 20.1 2.7 1.0 1.1 Dagana 42.9 44.9 10.5 1.1 0.5 0.0 Gasa 34.3 58.0 7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 Haa 40.3 38.4 13.2 2.1 3.2 2.7 Lhuentse 34.4 43.0 18.1 2.9 1.3 0.3 Monggar 39.2 48.1 11.0 1.3 0.4 0.1 Paro 43.1 45.4 8.5 1.5 0.7 0.6 Pemagatshel 75.2 22.2 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha 31.6 54.7 12.8 0.6 0.2 0.2 S/jongkhar 43.9 41.6 12.6 1.3 0.5 0.2 Samtse 46.4 43.2 8.7 1.2 0.3 0.1 Sarpang 34.8 43.1 17.1 2.8 1.5 0.7 Thimphu 47.3 42.6 9.0 0.9 0.0 0.2 Trashigang 53.4 36.4 7.7 1.8 0.5 0.1 Trashiyangtse 50.0 37.8 10.2 1.2 0.7 0.1 Trongsa 25.8 39.3 25.1 5.8 2.8 1.1 Tsirang 54.8 40.3 4.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 Wangdue 18.9 50.2 26.8 3.4 0.6 0.1 Zhemgang 38.7 38.1 18.5 2.9 1.2 0.6 Bhutan 42.6 42.1 12.4 1.8 0.7 0.4 Source: Calculated by author using livestock census data 2014

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Table 49: Proportion of households by number of improved cattle in 2014 Number of improved cattle in range Dzongkhag < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 Bumthang 39.3 39.7 17.1 2.6 1.3 0.1 Chhukha 74.9 22.0 2.6 0.1 0.4 0.0 Dagana 88.6 10.7 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 Gasa 70.1 29.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Haa 61.3 34.5 3.6 0.5 0.2 0.0 Lhuentse 84.2 13.8 1.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 Monggar 83.2 15.9 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 Paro 71.7 26.5 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 Pemagatshel 90.3 9.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 Punakha 82.6 17.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar 84.3 15.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse 86.9 12.2 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.1 Sarpang 68.5 27.9 3.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 Thimphu 64.5 31.1 4.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 Trashigang 88.2 11.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse 85.3 13.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trongsa 60.2 33.5 5.9 0.3 0.0 0.1 Tsirang 77.7 21.0 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 Wangdue 79.8 17.5 2.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 Zhemgang 80.5 17.3 2.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 Bhutan 79.4 18.5 1.8 0.2 0.1 0.0 Source: Calculated by author using livestock census data 2014

Table 50: Proportion of households by number of local cattle in 2014 Number of local cattle in range (local cattle + buffaloes) Dzongkhag < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 Bumthang 52.0 32.8 5.8 2.9 2.9 3.5 Chhukha 35.8 42.0 17.5 2.5 1.2 1.0 Dagana 50.0 39.7 8.7 1.0 0.5 0.0 Gasa 65.0 34.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 Haa 39.7 30.0 17.8 3.9 5.0 3.6 Lhuentse 45.7 37.0 13.8 2.6 0.7 0.2 Monggar 56.9 34.9 7.1 0.7 0.3 0.0 Paro 59.3 31.9 5.8 1.5 0.8 0.8 Pemagatshel 84.7 14.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha 44.1 47.7 7.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 S/jongkhar 53.4 33.6 10.9 1.5 0.3 0.2 Samtse 50.9 40.1 7.5 1.1 0.3 0.1 Sarpang 46.0 36.4 12.6 2.5 1.8 0.8 Thimphu 60.8 34.3 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.4 Trashigang 64.0 26.2 7.2 1.8 0.5 0.1 Trashiyangtse 60.2 30.4 7.9 1.2 0.3 0.1 Trongsa 37.4 36.0 19.3 4.0 2.4 1.0 Tsirang 72.7 23.7 3.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 Wangdue 26.2 50.3 21.1 1.9 0.4 0.1 Zhemgang 46.5 32.8 16.0 2.7 1.4 0.6 Bhutan 52.1 35.4 10.0 1.5 0.7 0.4 Source: Calculated by author using livestock census data 2014

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9.2 Livestock production

The Figure 15 below analyzed the self-sufficiency rate of dairy products for the last three years starting from 2012-2014. It was found out that on an average, the self-sufficiency rate of milk has remained at around 64.1% followed by butter (82.6%) and cheese (72.5%). The self-sufficiency rate of milk has increased from 60.6% in 2012 to 68.2% in 2014 while the self-sufficiency rate of butter has increased from 80.7% in 2012 to 85.7% in 2014. Similarly, for cheese (excluding chugo) has increased from 71.6% in 2012 to 74.7% in 2014. With a simple trend forecasting method, the self-sufficiency rate of milk is expected to increase to 71.7%, butter to 87.6% and cheese to 75.7% in 2015. See also Table 51.

Table 51: Livestock production Production 2012 2013 2014 Average Milk (MT) 29,625 30,920 34,807 31,818 Butter (MT) 1,207 1,322 1,409 1,312 Cheese (MT) 2,300 2,382 2,702 2,461 Beef (MT) 623 421 639 600 Pork (MT) 310 485 388 394 Mutton (MT) 63 90 161 105 Chicken (MT) 909 789 944 881 Eggs (000’ nos) 57,112 66,374 58,706 60,729 Fish (MT) 64 55 119 79 Sources: Livestock Statistics, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Figure 15: Self-sufficiency status of dairy products

100.0 87.6 80.7 81.4 85.7 82.6 74.7 75.7 80.0 71.6 71.3 68.2 72.5 71.7 60.6 63.4 64.1 60.0 40.0 Percent 20.0 0.0 2012 2013 2014 Average 2015 (F)

Milk Butter Cheese

The eggs self-sufficiency rate has reached 100% since 2012. The average self-sufficiency rate for the last three years (2012-2014) of mutton was 62.0%, chicken was 47.4%, pork was 16.3%, beef was 13.3% and fish was 2.7%. Considering the behavior of the trend over the last three years (Figure 16), the self-sufficiency of mutton is likely to increase to 93.8%, pork to 21.9%, beef to 18.4% and fish to 3.9% in 2015. Figure 17 shows the status of self-sufficiency of meats, fish and eggs for the year 2012, 2013 and 2014.

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Figure 16: Annual self-sufficiency status of meats, fish and eggs

Average (2012-2014) Forecast for 2015 120.0 120.0 100.0 100.0 93.8 100.0 100.0 80.0 62.0 80.0 60.0 47.4 60.0 33.4 Percent

40.0 Percent 16.3 13.3 40.0 21.9 18.4 20.0 2.7 20.0 3.9 0.0 0.0

Figure 17: Self-sufficiency of meats, fish and eggs

120.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 83.0 80.0 56.1 51.9 60.0 51.3 43.9 42.1 Percent 40.0 20.0 16.8 14.4 14.4 11.8 20.0 11.4 3.7 2.5 1.9 0.0 Beef Pork Mutton Chicken Eggs Fish

2012 2013 2014

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Table 52: Dairy production Milk (MT) Butter (MT) Cheese (MT) Dzongkhag 2012 2013 2014 Avg. 2012 2013 2014 Avg. 2012 2013 2014 Avg. Bumthang 1,798 1,542 1,669 1,670 69 58 58 62 414 460 312 395 Chhukha 2,229 1,580 2,002 1,937 97 55 64 72 144 98 115 119 Dagana 1,306 1,542 1,579 1,476 53 56 62 57 83 80 85 83 Gasa 300 385 391 359 18 18 20 19 18 25 32 25 Haa 1,173 1,363 1,895 1,477 38 41 63 47 49 47 96 64 Lhuentse 928 999 899 942 48 51 44 48 82 89 77 83 Monggar 2,502 2,632 2,677 2,604 130 130 171 144 319 228 295 281 Paro 1,989 2,072 1,829 1,963 76 65 48 63 141 110 86 112 Pemagatshel 863 964 1,089 972 36 41 47 41 64 74 84 74 Punakha 1,379 1,157 1,050 1,195 45 56 48 50 75 97 82 85 S/Jongkhar 1,444 1,732 1,931 1,702 36 44 66 49 45 79 114 79 Samtse 2,087 2,000 2,401 2,163 79 53 73 68 115 87 125 109 Sarpang 1,386 1,905 2,480 1,924 41 55 86 61 73 97 143 104 Thimphu 1,239 1,172 1,318 1,243 39 46 48 44 24 34 27 28 Trashigang 3,771 3,856 4,613 4,080 172 207 209 196 193 243 384 273 Trashiyangtse 1,034 1,112 1,408 1,185 49 68 67 61 88 114 120 107 Trongsa 1,093 1,114 1,247 1,151 43 77 53 58 104 129 212 148 Tsirang 913 1,282 1,486 1,227 34 45 52 44 79 92 88 86 Wangdue 1,590 1,661 1,977 1,743 74 117 94 95 133 129 164 142 Zhemgang 600 851 865 772 32 40 37 36 57 70 60 62 Bhutan 29,625 30,920 34,807 31,784 1,207 1,322 1,409 1,313 2,300 2,382 2,702 2,461 Sources: Livestock Statistics, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Table 53: Beef, Pork and Mutton production Beef (MT) Pork (MT) Mutton (MT) Dzongkhag 2012 2013 2014 Avg. 2012 2013 2014 Avg. 2012 2013 2014 Avg. Bumthang 62 21 37 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chhukha 12 15 10 12 29 34 43 35 7 8 8 8 Dagana 8 13 55 25 28 33 40 34 12 15 28 18 Gasa 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Haa 39 7 34 27 7 10 3 7 0 0 0 0 Lhuentse 37 21 34 31 6 6 2 5 0 0 0 0 Monggar 54 77 87 73 20 20 31 24 0 0 0 0 Paro 32 26 19 26 23 19 10 17 0 0 0 0 Pemagatshel 2 5 6 4 12 17 14 14 0 0 0 0 Punakha 24 17 17 19 13 9 11 11 0 0 0 0 S/Jongkhar 13 19 31 21 6 4 8 6 3 3 2 3 Samtse 2 1 74 26 25 26 28 26 17 18 74 36 Sarpang 7 10 4 7 35 205 91 110 9 31 29 23 Thimphu 76 5 73 51 8 5 2 5 0 0 0 0 Trashigang 65 32 24 40 14 13 10 12 1 1 0 1 Trashiyangtse 21 25 14 20 12 18 14 15 0 0 0 0 Trongsa 74 75 82 77 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 Tsirang 52 41 114 69 23 30 38 30 11 11 19 14 Wangdue 36 5 25 22 18 12 29 20 3 3 0 2 Zhemgang 7 7 11 8 31 23 14 23 0 0 0 0 Bhutan 623 421 639 600 310 485 388 394 63 90 161 105 Sources: Livestock Statistics, 2012, 2013 and 2014. Note: Beef includes yak meat.

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Table 54: Chicken, Fish and Eggs production Chicken (MT) Fish (MT) Eggs (000’nos) Dzongkhag 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Bumthang 0 0 0 0 0 0 39 62 354 Chhukha 512 388 268 0 0 0 3,005 3,625 3,947 Dagana 47 33 59 1 1 21 1,422 1,597 990 Gasa 0 0 0 0 0 0 254 61 89 Haa 0 0 1 0 1 0 514 416 583 Lhuentse 0 0 0 0 0 0 860 1,088 955 Monggar 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,106 2,777 4,272 Paro 0 1 0 0 0 0 3,323 3,919 2,429 Pemagatshel 0 0 0 0 0 1 1,574 967 1,503 Punakha 0 0 1 0 0 0 970 712 1,239 S/Jongkhar 2 2 16 33 33 37 896 2,948 2,105 Samtse 39 85 164 6 5 12 1,139 1,396 2,023 Sarpang 184 122 215 20 7 40 10,369 24,300 14,301 Thimphu 8 19 1 0 0 0 767 2,772 5,310 Trashigang 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,183 3,355 3,061 Trashiyangtse 0 0 1 2 0 0 2,193 1,459 1,020 Trongsa 0 0 4 0 0 0 618 649 955 Tsirang 113 135 202 2 5 5 10,363 12,312 10,338 Wangdue 2 2 8 0 0 0 448 362 1,902 Zhemgang 1 2 2 1 1 2 591 1,597 1,330 Bhutan 909 789 944 64 55 119 44,636 66,374 58,706 Sources: Livestock Statistics, 2012, 2013 and 2014

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10. Forestry

Forests are a vital source of livelihood for many as it provides goods and services for well being of the society. It also provides habitats to diverse animal and plant species. It offers watershed protection and provide timber and non-timber forest products for house construction, food and medicines; and various recreational options. It prevents soil erosion, help in maintaining the water cycle, and check global warming by absorbing carbon. Forests bear such ecological functions as regulation of climate and water turn over in nature. One of the Bhutan’s largest economies is hydropower generated from rivers and streams that are subject to dry up if the forests degrade.

Because of all the above reasons and also of many other possible adverse effects of environmental degradation on human health and economy, the royal government has committed to maintain at least 60% of the country’s area under forests cover for all times to come, despites ever increasing demand for timber and other natural resources for infrastructural development and livelihoods.

10.1 Timber supply

Table 55: Supply of timber by Territorial Divisions and Parks (quantity in M3)

2012-2013 2013-2014

Division / Park Free Free Total Total Commercial Commercial Concessional Concessional

Bumthang 11,970 12,996 0 24,966 875 3,166 0 4,041 Gedu 1,761 5,385 0 7,145 3,509 1,395 0 4,903 Mongar 8,044 6,537 142 14,723 6,517 3,656 116 10,290 Paro 13,702 10,387 1,087 25,176 1,069 6,230 0 7,299 Samdrupjongkhar 1,297 3,201 5 4,503 2,797 1,485 0 4,283 Samtse 1,595 4,985 667 7,247 576 2,239 0 2,815 Sarpang 252 460 10 722 723 2,529 31 3,282 Thimphu 3,328 2,956 72 6,356 1,265 3,234 0 4,498 Trashigang 2,074 3,932 8 6,013 978 3,936 0 4,914 Tsirang 700 4,232 8 4,939 936 2,414 12 3,362 Wangdue 2,505 5,576 0 8,081 3,584 8,590 0 12,174 Zhemgang 1,115 1,881 0 2,996 1,284 796 0 2,080 BWLS 798 798 0 1,596 128 745 0 872 JDNP 470 891 607 1,968 6,017 1,082 139 7,238 JSWNP 62 557 0 619 44 356 0 400 RMNP 124 460 0 584 99 296 0 394 SWLS 323 1,025 4,091 5,440 179 3,477 2 3,658 TNP 669 1,515 0 2,185 394 1,915 22 2,332 WCP 0 1,421 0 1,421 365 74 0 439 Total 50,789 69,195 6,696 126,680 31,339 47,616 322 79,276 Source: Forest Information Database (FID)

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Table 56: Supply of timber to dzongkhags (quantity in M3) 2012-2013 2013-2014

Dzongkhag Free Free Total Total Com- Com- sional sional mercial mercial Conces- Conces- Bumthang 12,325 15,225 0 27,550 1,359 4,357 0 5,716 Chhukha 1,921 5,385 0 7,305 3,509 1,643 0 5,151 Dagana 648 3,730 12 4,390 808 2,442 12 3,261 Gasa 307 577 0 884 1,979 760 0 2,739 Haa 3,200 2,827 1,087 7,113 847 2,860 0 3,707 Lhuentse 2,599 2,709 12 5,320 2,461 1,604 18 4,083 Monggar 5,896 5,127 130 11,154 4,405 3,298 120 7,823 Paro 10,503 7,560 0 18,062 223 3,387 0 3,610 Pemagatshel 573 1,150 5 1,728 1,014 767 0 1,781 Punakha 121 4,577 8 4,705 261 3,525 0 3,786 Samdrupjongkhar 724 2,051 0 2,775 1,783 722 0 2,505 Samtse 1,595 4,985 667 7,247 576 2,239 0 2,815 Sarpang 125 537 5 668 758 2,325 31 3,114 Thimphu 3,429 2,517 671 6,617 5,193 3,022 139 8,353 Trashigang 1,726 3,957 4,099 9,782 375 5,769 2 6,145 Trashiyangtse 1,332 1,202 0 2,535 833 1,908 0 2,741 Trongsa 245 1,384 0 1,629 127 367 0 494 Tsirang 189 520 0 709 149 233 0 382 Wangduephodrang 2,295 1,819 0 4,114 3,400 5,481 0 8,881 Zhemgang 1,036 1,356 0 2,392 1,278 910 0 2,188 Bhutan 50,789 69,195 6,696 126,680 31,339 47,616 322 79,276 Source: Forest Information Database (FID)

Table 57: Supply of firewood by Territorial Divisions and Parks (quantity in M3) 2012-2013 2013-2014

Division / Park Free Free Total Total Com- Com- sional sional mercial mercial Conces- Conces-

Bumthang 224 7,586 0 7,810 3,533 4,841 0 8,374 Gedu 110 158 0 268 105 65 0 170 Mongar 20 26 0 46 47 18 0 65 Paro 222 10 290 522 116 6 1,029 1,150 Samdrupjongkhar 0 7 0 7 6 4 0 10 Samtse 4,188 4,586 0 8,774 3,242 3,697 0 6,939 Sarpang 1,054 453 0 1,506 39 211 0 250 Thimphu 4 2 0 6 1 1 0 3 Trashigang 583 148 4 735 1,119 257 0 1,376 Tsirang 3,653 126 3 3,781 3,252 87 0 3,339 Wangdue 10 10 15 35 206 90 125 421 Zhemgang 14 13 603 630 7 35 90 132 BWLS 112 166 1 279 39 187 3 229 JDNP 70 96 0 166 102 31 0 133 JSWNP 4,547 3,392 0 7,939 4,399 3,794 0 8,193 RMNP 1,070 116 0 1,186 2,350 126 0 2,476 SWLS 11 100 0 111 928 31 0 958 TNP 0 1,272 0 1,272 840 143 0 983 WCP 126 335 0 461 83 564 0 647 Total 16,018 18,600 915 35,534 20,413 14,190 1,247 35,850

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Source: Forest Information Database (FID) Table 58: Supply of firewood to dzongkhags (quantity in M3) 2012-2013 2013-2014

Dzongkhag Free Free Total Total Com- Com- sional sional mercial mercial Conces- Conces- Bumthang 240 8,890 0 9,130 4,374 4,977 0 9,351 Chhukha 20 26 0 46 47 18 0 65 Dagana 1,069 61 1 1,131 2,331 72 1 2,404 Gasa 13 8 0 20 17 4 0 21 Haa 927 3 0 930 13 1 0 14 Lhuentse 893 2,204 0 3,097 593 1,755 0 2,348 Monggar 3,398 2,490 0 5,888 2,788 1,983 0 4,771 Paro 127 450 0 577 26 210 0 236 Pemagatshel 310 143 4 457 873 232 0 1,105 Punakha 1 26 0 28 3 28 0 30 Samdrupjongkhar 273 5 0 278 246 25 0 271 Samtse 3,653 126 3 3,782 3,252 87 0 3,339 Sarpang 8 8 14 30 201 86 124 410 Thimphu 321 166 290 778 135 187 1,032 1,354 Trashigang 3,879 3,332 603 7,813 2,119 3,402 90 5,611 Trashiyangtse 743 186 0 929 2,354 487 0 2,841 Trongsa 95 338 0 433 64 560 0 624 Tsirang 3 57 0 60 24 59 0 83 Wangduephodrang 10 78 0 89 927 10 0 938 Zhemgang 35 3 0 39 26 7 0 33 Bhutan 16,018 18,600 915 35,534 20,413 14,190 1,247 35,850 Source: Forest Information Database (FID)

10.2 Timber supply by NRDCL The Natural Resources Development Corporation Limited (NRDCL) is the sole agency mandated to harvest timber in the country and supply in log form to domestic market. Timber is not exported outside the country, as our priority is to first meet the internal demand. To supplement timber supply and manage the forests on a sustainable basis, the NRDCL also carries out thinning activities in collaboration with DoFPS. Table 59 shows the timber supply details over the last six years (2008-2003).

Table 59: Timber supplied by Natural Resources Development Corporation Limited Concessional Commercial Total

Year (Nu.Mn) (Nu.Mn) (Nu.Mn) (1000 cft) (1000 cft) (1000 cft) Qty supplied Qty supplied Qty supplied DoFPS DoFPS (Nu.Mn) DoFPS DoFPS (Nu.Mn) DoFPS DoFPS (Nu.Mn) Total sale value Total sale value Total sale value Royalty paid to the Royalty paid to the Royalty paid to the 2008 153 0.122 12.265 1,560 20.160 173.278 1,712 20.282 185.543 2009 180 0.144 14.265 1,889 15.112 208.331 2,069 15.257 222.596 2010 248 0.198 20.386 1,751 20.201 245.297 1,999 20.400 265.683 2011 214 0.171 17.210 1,758 19.711 200.102 1,972 19.882 217.312 2012 185 0.148 21.316 1,989 26.146 272.958 2,174 26.294 294.273 2013 292 0.234 33.244 1,748 21.799 250.250 2,040 22.033 283.494 Source: FIMS, DoFPS

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10.3 Forest fire incidences

Forest fire is one of the prominent causes of forest degradation in the country. Every year, huge areas of forests and its biodiversity are lost to wild fires not only in Bhutan but also in other parts of the world. Despite stringent legislation and public awareness programmes, forest fire has persisted as a major environmental problem in Bhutan. The forest department in the last four years (2010-2014) recorded, an average of 45 forest fire incidences damaging about 19,844 acres of forest annually. The Figure 18 shows incidences of forest fire and damage caused to forest areas in the last four years (2010 – 2014)

Figure 18: Incindences of forest fire and area burnt between period 2010/2011 and 2013/2014

Incidences (Nos) Area burnt (Acres) 70 50,000 64 45,095 45,000 60 40,000

50 44 35,000 39 30,000 40 34 25,000 30 20,000 12,175 20 15,000 11,200 10,904 10,000 10 5,000

0 0 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014

Source: Forest Information Database (FID)

Forest fires are highly unpredictable. Occurrences of forest fires can depend on local factors like rainfall and humidity, vegetation and microclimatic aspects, human presence and agricultural practices, etc. These factors have a pronounced influence on the variation in occurrences of forest fire across different parts of the country. However, the extent of damage caused is directly guided by the rate of detection and response tactics which may include mobilization of fire fighters and approach towards firefighting, environmental factors like wind, moisture (dry or humid) and vegetation type that act to increase or decrease spread of fire.

High number of forest fire occurrences does not always necessarily mean higher area damage as can be observed in Table 60. For instance, while Thimphu dzongkhag saw the highest number of an average forest fire incidences, the acreage damage is relatively moderate compared to other Dzongkhags. Often, this can be associated to the fact that, especially in Thimphu, there is more support from other sectors like the armed forces, forest fire volunteers, desung, etc in terms of work force (fire fighters). In addition, accessibility to the forests fire is facilitated by the existence of numerous approach roads, while this may not be the case in other dzongkhags.

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Table 60: Incidences of forest fire and area burnt between period 2010/2011 and 2013/2014 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 Average

Dzongkhag Incidences Incidences Incidences Incidences Incidences Area (acre)Area (acre)Area (acre)Area (acre)Area (acre)Area

Bumthang 1 336 0 0 1 13 2 16 1.0 91 Chhukha 1 16 0 0 4 9 1 70 1.5 24 Dagana 1 3 0 0 3 37 0 0 1.0 10 Gasa 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50 0.3 13 Haa 2 1,260 0 0 0 0 1 100 0.8 340 Lhuntse 7 5,320 6 1,261 0 0 1 1,000 3.5 1,895 Monggar 6 1,696 6 3,486 3 1,700 2 3,000 4.3 2,471 Paro 2 640 0 0 0 0 3 451 1.3 273 Pemagatshel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 Punakha 0 0 4 1,664 1 30 0 0 1.3 424 S/jongkhar 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.8 0 Samtse 1 1 1 30 0 0 2 118 1.0 37 sa rpang 0 0 7 2,709 0 0 1 1 2.0 678 Thimphu 19 978 11 788 11 2,520 11 500 13.0 1,197 Trashigang 2 857 0 0 1 0 14 14,347 4.3 3,801 Trashiyangtse 1 55 0 0 2 17 4 1,807 1.8 470 Trongsa 0 0 0 0 3 40 1 600 1.0 160 Tsirang 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 Wangdue 0 0 1 200 3 7,800 16 22,914 5.0 7,728 Zhemgang 1 37 3 766 2 11 1 123 1.8 234 Bhutan 44 11,200 39 10,904 34 12,175 64 45,095 45.3 19,844 Source: Forest Information Database (FID)

In Bhutan, the forest fire season usually starts from October and last till June. This is the time of high risks since there is minimum atmospheric moisture and the weather is relatively dry throughout, except during winters in certain dzongkhags when it snows. Cases of forest fires have even been reported in the month of August in some western regions of the country. Basically, the length of the dry season determines the longevity of the fire season i.e., they are mutually proportional. Records with the forest department show that most forest fire outbreaks are in the months of February and March (Figure 19) and the period through November until March is a high-risk period for forest fire in Bhutan.

Figure 19: Average monthly occurrences of forest fire 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Average forest fire incidences fireAverage forest incidences

Source: Forestry Facts and Figures 2011

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10.4 Forest offences An offence may constitute extraction, conversion, possession, utilization, transportation, trade and disposal of forest resources without legal sanctions, non-compliance to legal norms, assault on forestry personnel and all other activities carried out as deviating from provisions in the Forest Nature and Conservation Act and Rules. Forest offences are numerous depending on the type of forest resources involved and nature of the offences committed. Table 61 shows the number of offence cases for the last two fiscal years (2012/13 - 2013/14). In the overall, the analysis showed that the number of offences has increased from 893 in 2012-2013 to 935 in the fiscal year 2013-2014 (an increase of 4.5%). The offences concerning the timber transaction has decreased by 34.2%, while collection of firewood remained the same. The remaining have increased ranging from 1.7% (felling of trees) to 68% (smuggling of animal products). Poaching (62.9%) stood next to smuggling of anaimal products.

Table 61: Forest offence status

2012-13 2013-14 % Cases Type of offences Nos. Cases % Cases Nos. Cases % Cases (+) or (-) Transection of timber 212 23.7 158 16.9 -34.2 Felling of trees 228 25.5 232 24.8 1.7 Collection of firewood 32 3.6 32 3.4 0.0 Fishing 123 13.8 138 14.8 10.9 Poaching 13 1.5 35 3.7 62.9 Collection of sand/stones 119 13.3 138 14.8 13.8 Smuggling of animal products 6 0.7 19 2.0 68.4 Others 160 17.9 183 19.6 12.6 Total cases 893 100.0 935 100.0 4.5 Source: Forest Information Database (FID)

Paro dzongkhag recorded the highest in overall offence cases at 15.9% followed by Monggar (10.3%). Gasa (0.4%) and Trongsa (0.7%) recorded the least proportion during the fiscal year 2012-2013 (refer Table 62). In the fiscal year 2013-2014 (refer Table 63), again the highest detection of offence cases was recorded in Paro dzongkhag (12.8%) followed by Chhukha (9.3%). The least cases were recorded in Lhuentse (0.3%), while Trongsa dzongkhag did not commit any offence.

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Table 62: Table 62: Dzongkhag wise proportion of forestry offence cases by type of offences, 2012-2013

Total Types of offences

Dzongkhag

ng Nos. Cases % Casesdistribution ollection ollection ransection of timber elling elling ishing T F of trees C of firewood F Poachi C of sand/stones Smuggling animal products Others Bumthang 62 6.9 21.0 21.0 0.0 14.5 0.0 21.0 0.0 22.6 Chhukha 68 7.6 10.3 27.9 2.9 7.4 2.9 14.7 1.5 32.4 Dagana 23 2.6 21.7 39.1 4.3 0.0 0.0 26.1 0.0 8.7 Gasa 4 0.4 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 Haa 63 7.1 17.5 20.6 0.0 20.6 0.0 3.2 1.6 36.5 Lhuentse 9 1.0 33.3 44.4 0.0 11.1 11.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Monggar 92 10.3 32.6 26.1 5.4 5.4 2.2 6.5 0.0 21.7 Paro 142 15.9 25.4 24.6 8.5 14.8 0.0 6.3 1.4 19.0 Pemagatshel 11 1.2 18.2 45.5 0.0 27.3 0.0 9.1 0.0 0.0 Punakha 30 3.4 26.7 33.3 0.0 10.0 0.0 23.3 0.0 6.7 Samdrupjongkhar 27 3.0 40.7 25.9 7.4 7.4 0.0 11.1 0.0 7.4 Samtse 83 9.3 8.4 26.5 0.0 14.5 2.4 34.9 0.0 13.3 Sarpang 42 4.7 21.4 21.4 2.4 14.3 0.0 38.1 0.0 2.4 Thimphu 79 8.8 41.8 8.9 7.6 31.6 2.5 2.5 0.0 5.1 Trashigang 51 5.7 21.6 29.4 5.9 7.8 2.0 7.8 0.0 25.5 trashiyangtse 26 2.9 26.9 50.0 0.0 7.7 0.0 3.8 0.0 11.5 Trongsa 6 0.7 33.3 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 Tsirang 9 1.0 33.3 11.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.2 0.0 33.3 Wangduephodrang 48 5.4 20.8 22.9 0.0 14.6 4.2 12.5 4.2 20.8 Zhemgang 18 2.0 22.2 38.9 0.0 27.8 0.0 11.1 0.0 0.0

Bhutan 893 100.0 23.7 25.5 3.6 13.8 1.5 13.3 0.7 17.9

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Table 63: Dzongkhag wise proportion of forestry offence cases by type of offences, 2013-2014 Total Types of offences

Dzongkhag Felling timber Others Fishing of trees % Cases products Poaching Collection Collection Nos. Cases of firewood Transectionof of sand/stones Smuggling animal Bumthang 61 6.5 8.2 14.8 0.0 16.4 0.0 21.3 8.2 31.1 Chhukha 87 9.3 17.2 17.2 0.0 13.8 3.4 24.1 0.0 24.1 Dagana 41 4.4 14.6 34.1 2.4 12.2 0.0 17.1 0.0 19.5 gasa 13 1.4 0.0 23.1 7.7 7.7 15.4 0.0 0.0 46.2 Haa 27 2.9 22.2 25.9 22.2 18.5 0.0 7.4 3.7 0.0 Lhuentse 3 0.3 0.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 Monggar 73 7.8 12.3 19.2 6.8 5.5 11.0 6.8 1.4 37.0 Paro 120 12.8 21.7 29.2 5.0 24.2 4.2 3.3 0.0 12.5 Pemagatshel 7 0.7 42.9 28.6 0.0 28.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha 79 8.4 22.8 38.0 3.8 13.9 1.3 15.2 0.0 5.1 Samdrupjongkhar 44 4.7 15.9 25.0 0.0 31.8 4.5 13.6 0.0 9.1 Samtse 39 4.2 0.0 23.1 0.0 15.4 2.6 28.2 0.0 30.8 Sarpang 75 8.0 4.0 18.7 0.0 14.7 2.7 40.0 16.0 4.0 Thimphu 41 4.4 34.1 12.2 4.9 24.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.4 Trashigang 55 5.9 12.7 43.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.7 0.0 30.9 trashiyangtse 34 3.6 11.8 44.1 8.8 11.8 2.9 14.7 0.0 5.9 Trongsa 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tsirang 55 5.9 18.2 23.6 5.5 10.9 1.8 9.1 0.0 30.9 Wangduephodrang 56 6.0 39.3 7.1 3.6 10.7 16.1 16.1 0.0 7.1 Zhemgang 25 2.7 12.0 24.0 0.0 8.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 52.0 Bhutan 935 100.0 16.9 24.8 3.4 14.8 3.7 14.8 2.0 19.6

10.5 Allotment of government reserved forest land Looking at the the land allotment records available with the forest department over the last five fiscal years (2008/2009 to 2012/2013), about 7,716 acres on average of government-reserved forest (GRF) had lost annually for various purposes. The highest portion of the allotted land, on an average went to road (30.2%) and tenancy/lease (30.0%) followed by transmission lines (19.1%). The cumulative five years’ (2008-2013) land allotment figure estimates that at least 0.50% of the GRF land in the country had been lost to various purposes. See Table 64.

Table 64: GRF land allotment for different purposes (acres) Activity 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 Total Average Transmission lines 1,862 1,515 1,947 757 1,286 7,367 1,473 Road 758 1,608 2,236 1,275 5,704 11,581 2,316 Govt. Institutions 823 784 440 1,150 524 3,721 744 Kidu land 48 35 52 65 318 518 104 Land substitution 320 256 401 290 254 1,521 304 Land exchange 80 45 37 14 14 190 38 Lease 2,503 928 4,818 2,211 1,180 11,640 2,328 Lhakhang 27 21 16 8 9 81 16 Others 336 250 339 474 563 1,962 392 Total 6,757 5,442 10,286 6,244 9,852 38,581 7,716 Source: Forestry Facts and Figures 2013

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11. Rural socioeconomic development initiatives

A substantial portion of the population continues to live in rural areas depending on agriculture as their principal source of income. Poverty incidence recorded for rural areas was 16.7% in 2012 (PAR 2014) as opposed to 1.8% recorded for the urban population. Because of this glaring contrast between the urban and rural areas, the development and implementation of policies, plans and programmes are focused on the rural areas, where 69% of the country’s population resides by engaging themselves in subsistence- semi commercial kind of farming for their livelihood. Some of the initiatives that are being implemented to foster higher growth in the agriculture sector to reduce disparity between the urban and rural areas are presented in the subsequent sub-sections.

11.1 Farmers Groups and Cooperatives

The agricultural farmers’ groups (FGs) and cooperatives (Coops) are agricultural enterprises, jointly operated by group or groups of people for their mutual, social, cultural and economic benefits. It is a community organization voluntarily formed to operate on specific or mixed enterprises by pooling together the available resources with the members. These types of enterprises engage a series of interconnected activities involving planning production, growing and harvesting, grading, packing, transport, storage, processing, distribution and sale which have proven to be essential mechanisms for promoting rural development and sustainable rural livelihoods in Bhutan.

As of December 2014 there are 40 Cooperatives with 1,699 members and 263 Farmer Groups with 5,940 member households registered with Department of Agricultural Marketing and Cooperatives (DAMC). See Table 65 and 66.

Table 65: Number of Farmers’ Groups and Cooperatives registered with DAMC. Cooperatives Farmer Groups Dzongkhag Members Chairmanship Members Chairmanship Nos Male Female Male Female Nos Male Female Male Female Bumthang 1 14 3 0 1 10 36 139 2 8 Chhukha 0 0 0 0 0 11 153 54 2 9 Dagana 0 0 0 0 0 4 95 52 2 2 Gasa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Haa 0 0 0 0 0 6 53 83 1 5 Lhuentse 0 0 0 0 0 12 114 98 1 11 Monggar 3 55 33 0 3 34 159 290 12 22 Paro 0 0 0 0 0 6 37 92 4 2 Pemagatshel 0 0 0 0 0 30 516 306 1 29 Punakha 3 48 59 1 2 10 78 139 5 5 Samdrupjongkhar 3 177 58 0 3 21 573 224 1 20 Samtse 1 19 5 0 1 27 312 218 4 23 Sarpang 5 233 92 1 4 4 99 38 0 4 Thimphu 5 91 119 1 4 5 70 68 1 4 Trashigang 2 44 113 1 1 36 360 268 5 31 Trashiyangtse 1 11 4 0 1 18 229 181 3 15 Trongsa 4 63 135 2 2 9 47 197 5 4 Tsirang 3 39 14 0 3 2 25 27 0 2 Wangdue 0 0 0 0 0 16 174 270 2 14 Zhemgang 9 167 103 5 4 2 38 36 0 2 Bhutan 40 961 738 11 29 263 3,168 2,780 51 212 Source: Department of Agricultural Marketing and Cooperatives, MoAF

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Table 66: Proportion of male and female members in the groups and chair-manship

Cooperatives Farmer Groups Dzongkhag Members Chairmanship Members Chairmanship Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Bumthang 82.4 17.6 0.0 100.0 20.6 79.4 20.0 80.0 Chhukha 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73.9 26.1 18.2 81.8 Dagana 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64.6 35.4 50.0 50.0 Gasa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Haa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39.0 61.0 16.7 83.3 Lhuentse 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.8 46.2 8.3 91.7 Monggar 62.5 37.5 0.0 100.0 35.4 64.6 35.3 64.7 Paro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.7 71.3 66.7 33.3 Pemagatshel 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 62.8 37.2 3.3 96.7 Punakha 44.9 55.1 33.3 66.7 35.9 64.1 50.0 50.0 Samdrupjongkhar 75.3 24.7 0.0 100.0 71.9 28.1 4.8 95.2 Samtse 79.2 20.8 0.0 100.0 58.9 41.1 14.8 85.2 Sarpang 71.7 28.3 20.0 80.0 72.3 27.7 0.0 100.0 Thimphu 43.3 56.7 20.0 80.0 50.7 49.3 20.0 80.0 Trashigang 28.0 72.0 50.0 50.0 57.3 42.7 13.9 86.1 Trashiyangtse 73.3 26.7 0.0 100.0 55.9 44.1 16.7 83.3 Trongsa 31.8 68.2 50.0 50.0 19.3 80.7 55.6 44.4 Tsirang 73.6 26.4 0.0 100.0 48.1 51.9 0.0 100.0 Wangdue 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39.2 60.8 12.5 87.5 Zhemgang 61.9 38.1 55.6 44.4 51.4 48.6 0.0 100.0 Bhutan 56.6 43.4 27.5 72.5 53.3 46.7 19.4 80.6

Source: Department of Agricultural Marketing and Cooperatives, MoAF

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11.2 The Community Forestry

With the enactment of Forest and Nature Conservation Act (FNCA) in 1995, the rural communities were empowered to manage and utilize the state owned forest resources. As a result, the first Community Forest was established at Dramedtse geogs of Monggar dzongkhag in 1996. Since then, it has picked up a great deal of momentum, as the decentralization in natural resources management has empowered the user groups in making decisions pertaining to sustainable management of Community Forests.

As of 2014-2015 fiscal year, there are 600 Community Forest registered with the forest department covering about 66,934 hectares of the forest areas with 25,663 member households. At the national level, the existing Community Forest area represents 1.7% of the country area and 2.5% of the forest area. About 28.3% of the total rural households are members of Community Forest Management Groups (CFMG). The Table 67 shows the dzongkhag wise information on Community Forest established as of 2014-2015 fiscal year and Table 68 shows distribution of Community Forest area and member households across twenty dzongkhags.

Table 67: Community Forestry (CF) as of 2014-2015 fiscal year

Nos. CF CF area Percent CF Percent CF area Percent CF area Dzongkhag Nos. CF member (ha) households of country area of forest area households

Bumthang 23 747 2,638 35.1 1.0 1.9 Chhukha 34 1,212 2,480 15.8 1.3 1.5 Dagana 15 538 1,208 13.8 0.7 0.8 Gasa 7 168 452 25.0 0.1 0.6 Haa 15 458 1,449 18.5 0.8 1.2 Lhuentse 22 691 1,500 25.0 0.5 0.9 Monggar 27 1,680 5,757 25.6 3.0 3.2 Paro 25 1,413 3,970 21.6 3.2 5.2 Pemagatshel 43 2,112 3,724 44.5 3.6 4.2 Punakha 38 1,252 3,309 29.5 3.0 3.9 S/jongkhar 38 1,949 4,770 31.2 2.5 2.9 Samtse 40 1,625 3,250 17.7 2.5 3.2 Sarpang 29 1,093 2,463 21.8 1.5 1.7 Thimphu 21 837 2,750 29.0 1.6 3.7 Trashigang 50 2,818 9,229 30.8 4.2 5.1 Trashiyangtse 21 988 2,213 30.7 1.5 2.2 Trongsa 25 839 2,668 37.9 1.5 1.7 Tsirang 36 2,254 5,528 64.7 8.7 9.9 Wangdue 67 1,982 4,981 41.5 1.3 1.9 Zhemgang 24 1,007 2,595 35.6 1.1 1.2 Bhutan 600 25,663 66,934 28.3 1.7 2.5 Source: Social Forestry and Extension Division, DoFPS, MoAF

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Table 68: Distribution of CF households and CF areas as of 2014-2015 fiscal year CF households CF areas Dzongkhag Households Distribution (%) Hectares Distribution (%)

Bumthang 747 2.8 2,638 3.9 Chhukha 1,212 5.2 2,480 3.7 Dagana 538 2.0 1,208 1.8 Gasa 168 0.7 452 0.7 Haa 458 1.8 1,449 2.2 Lhuentse 691 3.0 1,500 2.2 Monggar 1,680 7.0 5,757 8.6 Paro 1,413 6.1 3,970 5.9 Pemagatshel 2,112 6.8 3,724 5.6 Punakha 1,252 5.5 3,309 4.9 S/jongkhar 1,949 7.8 4,770 7.1 Samtse 1,625 6.0 3,250 4.9 Sarpang 1,093 4.7 2,463 3.7 Thimphu 837 3.2 2,750 4.1 Trashigang 2,818 10.6 9,229 13.8 Trashiyangtse 988 3.7 2,213 3.3 Trongsa 839 3.6 2,668 4.0 Tsirang 2,254 7.7 5,528 8.3 Wangdue 1,982 7.2 4,981 7.4 Zhemgang 1,007 4.4 2,595 3.9 Bhutan 25,663 100.0 66,934 100.0

One of the purpose of the Community Forest is to create employment opportunities. As of 2014-2015 fiscal year, over 2,400 people have been recorded as employed in the Community Forest across the country, of which female reprents 17.6% and male constitutes 82.4% of the total employed. Figure 20 shows the proportion of male and female employed in various capacities for sustainable management of the Community Forest. Table 69 shows the number of people employed in the Community Forest at dzongkhag level.

Figure 20: Employment in Community Forest

120.0 95.7 100.0 83.8 86.8 82.4 78.7 75.9 80.0 74.0 72.5 65.6 60.0 60.0 34.4 40.0 40.0 27.5 21.3 26.0 24.1 16.2 13.2 17.6 20.0 4.3

Percent employed 0.0

% Female % Male

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Table 69: Dzongkhag wise employment in the Community Forest

Chair/Vice Secretary Accoutant Clerk Messenger Resup Tshogpa Observer Auditor Total Chair /Treasurer

Dzongkhag Male Male Male Male Male Male Male Male Male Male Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female % Female

Bumthang 14 0 7 7 10 3 0 0 2 0 12 2 12 1 5 0 7 2 69 15 17.9 Chukha 33 3 30 3 24 9 1 0 19 3 32 5 2 0 2 3 3 0 146 26 15.1 Dagana 15 0 14 3 10 2 0 0 7 2 11 2 0 0 3 1 0 1 60 11 15.5 Gasa 7 0 3 4 7 0 1 0 0 1 6 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 29 11 27.5 Haa 13 1 19 2 11 1 0 0 0 0 12 6 12 11 0 0 0 0 67 21 23.9 Lhuntse 21 0 15 5 14 6 1 0 6 1 16 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 73 13 15.1 Mongar 25 1 23 3 18 6 0 0 0 2 14 3 6 3 0 0 1 1 87 19 17.9 Paro 25 0 21 3 14 6 5 1 10 5 24 7 0 0 19 15 0 1 118 38 24.4 Pemagatshel 32 3 32 1 26 4 0 0 8 1 31 1 10 9 0 0 2 0 141 19 11.9 Punakha 35 0 32 11 20 11 17 7 23 14 31 10 1 1 5 3 2 2 166 59 26.2 S/jongkhar 32 0 31 1 31 1 0 0 2 1 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 101 4 3.8 Samtse 34 3 35 2 30 6 0 0 2 0 28 1 3 0 29 18 0 0 161 30 15.7 Sarpang 29 0 24 5 19 4 4 0 0 0 12 1 15 9 0 0 2 1 105 20 16.0 Thimphu 20 1 16 6 16 1 0 0 14 2 15 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 11 12.0 Trashigang 0 4 0 4 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 22 95.7 Trashiyangtse 17 1 16 1 12 1 0 0 2 0 12 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 62 5 7.5 Trongsa 0 0 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 80.0 Tsirang 29 2 30 1 27 6 0 0 28 5 29 1 0 0 0 0 27 6 170 21 11.0 Wangdue 61 2 49 14 43 15 8 5 22 18 57 7 12 0 2 4 0 0 254 65 20.4 Zhemgang 23 0 21 3 17 5 0 0 0 0 22 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 87 10 10.3 Bhutan 465 21 419 81 350 95 37 13 145 55 367 56 86 45 66 44 44 14 1979 424 17.6

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11.3 Private Forestry The establishment of private forestry takes place only in private registered land to be managed by private individual only after the approval of management plan by the forest department. However, the private forestry area has decreased to 340 acres in 2013 as compared to 841 acres in 2011 making a difference of 500 acres. Table 70 shows the status of private forestry in different dzongkhags.

Table 70: Private forestry status by dzongkhags 2011 2013 Area Dzongkhag Area No. of PF Area (Acres) No. of PF (+) or (-) (Acres) Bumthang 92 128 92 52 76 Chukha 6 11 6 4 6 Dagana 5 2 5 1 1 Gasa 7 2 7 1 1 Haa 28 25 28 10 15 Lhuentse 79 106 79 43 63 Mongar 132 82 132 33 49 Paro 14 36 14 15 22 Pema Gatshel 33 45 33 18 27 Punakha 8 23 8 9 14 Samdrup Jongkhar 107 142 107 58 85 Samtse 31 130 31 52 77 Sarpang 32 42 32 17 25 Thimphu 1 25 1 10 15 Trashigang 21 22 21 9 13 Trashiyangtse 18 6 18 2 3 Trongsa 0 0 0 0 0 Tsirang 0 0 0 0 0 Wangdue 1 0 1 0 0 Zhemgang 12 13 12 5 8 Bhutan 627 841 627 340 500 Sources: Forestry Facts and Figures, 2011 and 2013

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11.4 Irrigation

The profile of irrigation water supply presented in this section is the result of analysis of the data available in the National Irrigation Information System (NIIS) maintained at Engineering Division of the Department of Agriculture. The NIIS contained irrigation data starting from 1931 to 2013. As of 2013, about 2,583 kilometers of irrigation channels have been constructed covering 80,847 acres (32,718 hectares) of agriculture land with 46,096 beneficiary households. As of 2013, about 92.4 % of the total irrigation channels were found to be functional covering 94.2 percent of the area benefitting 93.3% of the rural households. However, semi-functional and non-functional irrigation channels constituted 2.6% and 5% respectively. The semi functional channels covered 1.8% of the area benefitting only 2.5% of the rural households (Figure 21). See also Table 71 for dzongkhag level irrigational information.

Figure 21: Status of irrigation water supply

Functional Semi-functional Non-functional 95.0 94.2 3.0 2.6 2.5 10.0 94.0 93.3 1.8 2.0 5.0 4.2 93.0 92.4 5.0 4.0 Percent Percent 92.0 1.0 Percent 91.0 0.0 0.0 Length Area HHs Length Area HHs Length Area HHs

Table 71: Dzongkhag-wise status of irrigation water supply and agriculture area with chhuzhing Total Functional % With Chhuzhing % Dzongkhag Length Area HHs Length Area HHS HHs Length Area KM Ha Bumthang 42 1,623 618 100.0 100.0 100.0 48.8 45.2 52.8 Chhukha 64 2,742 1,003 90.0 93.6 93.1 90.0 93.6 93.1 Dagana 217 8,199 1,754 94.6 96.3 94.5 91.9 91.0 89.5 Gasa 6 160 54 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Haa 23 690 203 73.4 91.0 85.7 73.4 91.0 85.7 Lhuentse 187 4,870 2,098 99.0 98.0 98.0 98.5 96.6 97.3 Mongar 61 2,382 1,645 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Paro 156 5,332 7,214 97.3 94.0 98.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 Pemagatshel 15 736 323 25.2 51.0 42.7 25.2 51.0 42.7 Punakha 457 9,313 8,996 96.4 99.1 99.4 95.5 97.7 98.9 S/Jongkhar 66 2,654 1,103 99.6 99.9 99.1 94.5 96.3 92.7 Samtse 77 5,514 1,457 74.9 87.4 71.9 71.0 80.0 68.3 Sarpang 197 10,225 3,526 82.4 89.0 78.3 82.3 88.8 77.8 Thimphu 86 1,809 856 96.4 97.2 98.2 81.6 78.5 77.5 Trashigang 76 3,939 4,771 93.3 98.8 90.4 93.9 99.5 76.1 Trashiyangtse 138 2,801 3,726 94.4 96.6 98.8 93.7 95.1 96.8 Trongsa 53 1,304 545 89.9 86.9 92.3 93.1 93.6 97.8 Tsirang 162 5,327 1,490 89.8 88.6 91.9 93.2 93.3 93.8 Wangdue 426 8,723 3,608 89.6 94.5 84.3 95.0 96.5 94.1 Zhemgang 73 2,503 1,106 98.5 100.0 95.8 89.8 97.2 90.0 Bhutan 2,583 80,847 46,096 92.4 94.2 93.3 91.5 92.2 91.1 Source: National Irrigation Information System (NIIS), Engineering Division of the Department of Agriculture.

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11.5 Motorable road access

A motorable road in this case is considered as any type of road (farm road, feeder road, highway etc.) Access to motorable roads is expressed in terms of walking time taken to reach the nearest motorable road point from home.

At the national level (Table 72), at least 68.35 percent of the households were found to be within less than an hour from the nearest motorable road point, while 8.45 percent were located more than six hours walking distance away from motorable road point in 2013. Bumthang (97.50%) had the highest proportion of households, while Gasa (39.43%) had the least proportion of households with less than one hour walking distance to the nearest motorable road point. The dzongkhags with higher proportion of households having to walk more than six hours to reach motorable road points include Gasa (60.57%), Haa (40.05%), Chhukha (30.93%) and Thimphu (20.33%).

Table 72: Proportion of households by walking time taken to reach nearest motorable road points

Walking time taken Dzongkhag <1hr 1-3hrs 4-6hrs >6hrs Bumthang 97.50 2.50 0.00 0.00 Chhukha 44.72 19.18 5.17 30.93 Dagana 69.95 21.82 4.58 3.66 Gasa 39.43 0.00 0.00 60.57 Haa 55.04 1.55 3.36 40.05 Lhuentse 74.15 18.54 5.53 1.79 Monggar 74.49 20.41 2.45 2.65 Paro 88.46 11.54 0.00 0.00 Pemagatshel 87.05 10.21 2.00 0.74 Punakha 79.50 18.53 0.72 1.24 Samdrupjongkhar 58.65 18.27 13.94 9.13 Samtse 48.46 27.53 12.61 11.40 Sarpang 78.70 8.78 5.85 6.67 Thimphu 77.07 2.60 0.00 20.33 Trashigang 73.50 18.98 1.38 6.13 Trashiyangtse 78.88 14.91 5.59 0.62 Trongsa 79.64 18.57 0.45 1.34 Tsirang 74.19 21.26 3.04 1.52 Wangduephodrang 66.86 21.82 9.04 2.28 Zhemgang 41.43 25.14 23.71 9.71 Bhutan 68.35 17.48 5.72 8.45 Source: Agriculture survey data 2013 PAM

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11.6 Farm road

In order to fully realize the concept of “Production, Access and Marketing (PAM), the Ministry of Agriculture and Forests continues to invest a lot of resources in transforming traditional farming system to mechanized farming system by subsidized distribution of farm machinery and in improving access to markets. About 5,834 kilometers of farm roads were construted by end of 10 th Fiver Year Plan, which benefited over 66,000 households in the country. In the 11 th Plan (2013-2018), at least 931 kilometers of farm roads has been construted (as of May 2015) covering 10,444 households. As of May 2015, a total length of 6,765 kilometers of farm road has been constructed benefiting 76,484 households (Table 73).

Table 73: Construction of farm road and beneficiary households By end of 10th Plan 11th Plan (2013-2018) Total as of May 2015 Dzongkhag Length Beneficiary Length Beneficiary Beneficiary Length (KM) (KM) households (KM) households households Bumthang 170 1,436 17 224 187 1,660 Chukha 311 3,042 15 72 326 3,114 Dagana 352 3,327 72 858 424 4,185 Gasa 11 52 7 67 19 119 Haa 115 1,037 7 105 122 1,142 Lhuentse 487 2,701 39 319 526 3,020 Monggar 631 7,351 112 894 743 8,245 Paro 385 5,060 100 20 485 5,080 Pemagatshel 318 2,337 125 1,586 443 3,923 Punakha 369 2,960 141 70 511 3,030 Sarpang 236 2,730 12 366 248 3,096 Samtse 232 5,825 8 2,281 240 8,106 S/jongkhar 226 4,767 87 1,120 313 5,887 Thimphu 72 970 37 211 109 1,181 Trongsa 236 1,048 21 20 257 1,068 Tsirang 192 3,078 3 65 195 3,143 Trashiyangtse 206 3,331 14 258 220 3,589 Trashigang 765 10,693 34 997 799 11,690 Wangdue 336 2,236 35 407 370 2,643 Zhemgang 185 2,059 45 504 231 2,563 Bhutan 5,834 66,040 931 10,444 6,765 76,484 Source: Department of Agriculture

Figure 22: Dzongkhag wise distribution of so far constructed length of farm road (as of March 2015)

14.0 11.8 12.0 11.0 10.0 7.8 7.6 7.2 8.0 6.5 6.3 5.5 6.0 4.8 4.6 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.4 4.0 3.3 2.9 2.8 1.8 1.6 2.0 0.3 0.0 Percent length of farm road

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Of the so far constructed 6,765 kilometers of farm road, the maximum (11.8%) are in Trashigang followed by 11.0% in Monggar (Figure 22), while the highest beneficiary households of 15.3% are again in Trashigang followed by 10.8% in Monggar and 10.6% in Samtse (Figure 23). Figure 23: Dzongkhag wise distribution of beneficiary households (March 2015)

18.0 15.3 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.8 10.6 10.0 7.7 8.0 6.6 5.5 5.1 6.0 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.5 3.4 4.0 2.2

Percent households 1.5 1.5 1.4 2.0 0.2 0.0

11.7 Market infrastructures

The RNR sector continues to put its concerted efforts in promoting subsistence farming to market driven farming system by improving the basic technologies and facilities. One of the critical factors in improving the rural cash income is the accessibility of rural farmers (producers) to markets (consumers). Therefore, among many others, construction of market infrastructures that are easily accessible to both the producers and consumers is an ongoing task of the RNR sector. During the 10 th Five Year Plan, at least 465 various types of agricultural marketing infrastructures were constructed in 14 dzongkhags mostly with support from Mongar based project in RAMCO of DAMC. Table 74 shows the detail of market infrastructures constructed during the 10 th Plan. Table 74: Number of market infrastructure constructed during 10 th Five-year Plan Collection Field Pack Green Market Sales Store Other Dzongkhag Total Shed House House shed Outlet House Shed Bumthang 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 5 Chhukha 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dagana 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 5 Gasa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Haa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lhuentse 1 0 0 4 1 2 2 10 Monggar 5 0 0 4 8 2 12 31 Paro 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Pemagatshel 0 0 0 4 5 3 116 128 Punakha 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 3 Samdrupjongkhar 5 0 1 1 2 2 46 57 Samtse 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Thimphu 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 4 Trashigang 28 0 0 3 9 46 58 144 Trashiyangtse 4 0 0 0 5 0 63 72 Trongsa 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Tsirang 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wangdiphodrang 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 Wangdue 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zhemgang 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bhutan 45 4 1 24 39 55 297 465 Source: Department of Agricultural Marketing and Cooperatives, MoAF

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12. Electric Fencing

Depredation of crops and livestock by wildlife has been the major cause of human-wildlife conflict. The human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a complex issue that changes with changing socio-economic and environmental conditions, in which timely and appropriate measures is required to achieve both food security and environmental conservation goals (WCD, 2013). Electric fencing has proven to be the most effective of the various solutions tried out by the ministry to mitigate and curb the impact of the HWC. Table 75 shows the length of electric fencing constructed over the last 5 years (2011-2015)

Table 75: Length of electric fencing and beneficiary households DoA DoFPS Total Dzongkhag Length Households Length Households Length Households (km) (Nos) (km) (Nos) (km) (Nos) Bumthang 8.8 84 0 0 8.8 84 Chhukha 5.9 53 0 0 5.9 53 Dagana 12.5 145 23 86 35.5 231 Gasa 3 6 0 0 3.0 6 Haa 17.0 174 0 0 17.0 174 Lhuntse 15.9 152 0 0 15.9 152 Monggar 32.5 243 0 0 32.5 243 Paro 4.0 13 0 0 4.0 13 Pemagatshel 35.6 274 0 0 35.6 274 Punakha 16.5 52 0 0 16.5 52 Samdrupjongkhar 13.4 234 10 83 23.4 317 Samtse 1.5 50 15.7 229 17.2 279 Sarpang 12.9 187 70.31 846 83.2 1,033 Thimphu 22.0 187 1 20 23.0 207 Trashigang 0.0 2,009 0 0 0.0 2,009 Trongsa 55.6 523 0 0 55.6 523 Tsirang 8.9 40 0 0 8.9 40 Tyangtse 11.20 31 0 0 11.2 31 Wangdue 10.1 71 0 0 10.1 71 Zhemgang 11.9 77 0 0 11.9 77 Bhutan 299.1 4,605 120.0 1,264 419.1 5,869

Source: Draft subsidy report, PPD, MoAF

As of May 2015, the Department of Agriculture (DoA) has constructed about 364 kilometers of electric fencing benefitting more than 4,605 rural households and the Department of Forests and Park Services (DoFPS) constructed over 120 kilometers benefiting about 1,264 rural households across all 20 districts. So far, a total of over 419 kilometers of electric fencing has been constructed benefiting 5,869 rural households in the country.

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13. Agricultural Inputs

13.1 Plant Protection Chemicals

By major groups, the plant protection chemical (PPC) consists of acaricides, bio-pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, non-toxic and rodenticides. Except Gasa, because it is officially considered as organic dzongkhag, these chemicals are distributed in all the rest of 19 dzongkhags based on the demand of farmers. On average over 21.7 metric tons of PPC have been distributed annually for the last 5 years (2009-2014). Table 76 shows the distribution of PPC in the dzongkhags.

Table 76: Distribution of Plant Protection Chemicals by dzongkhag and fiscal year Dzongkhag 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 Average Bumthang 499 303 420 512 442 435 Chhukha 291 161 415 157 210 247 Dagana 29 210 62 7 653 192 Haa 383 421 661 785 731 596 Lhuentse 82 0 9 111 121 65 Mongar 379 374 319 1,405 1,262 748 Paro 4,312 4,541 6,186 6,806 6,945 5,758 Pemagatshel 387 41 82 4 50 113 Punakha 167 69 89 243 171 148 S/jongkhar 138 20 0 0 0 32 Samtse 17 288 108 20 109 108 Sarpang 115 180 124 165 270 171 Thimphu 8,779 9,575 8,925 7,439 6,907 8,325 Trashigang 556 467 268 623 1,054 594 Trashiyangtse 141 2 18 8 473 128 Trongsa 18 70 68 45 166 73 Tsirang 114 78 104 96 188 116 Wangdue 3,354 2,928 3,259 4,657 4,824 3,805 Zhemgang 237 2 122 16 0 75 Bhutan 19,996 19,731 21,239 23,099 24,575 21,728

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14. External Trade

The statistics presented under this section is the derivative of the official trade statistics being published annually by Department of Revenue & Customs (DRC) under Ministry of Finance (MoF) on the merchandise- traded goods between Bhutan and rest of the world. The external trade is a major component of the Gross Domestic Products (DGP) and provides critical statistical information to a varied group of users in the public and private sectors. Table 77 on exports, Table 78 on imports and Table 79 on exports to country of destination, present the external trade situation of RNR sector, provided that the figures reported in the Bhutan Trade Statistics are authentic.

Table 77: Exports of major commodities

Volume (MT) Value (Nu.Mn) Commodity 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014

Rice 60 118 7 6.229 13.086 0.906

Wheat flour 5745 6,823 5,728 229.564 124.804 111.972

Other cereals 1,039 18 1 26.013 0.237 0.182

Apples 3,410 4,314 5,728 49.229 98.743 139.074

Oranges 24,432 24,975 21,148 452.637 519.145 542.557

Other fruits 9 0 4 5.463 0.000 0.122

Betel nuts 1,145 932 1,830 32.409 25.639 70.487

Potatoes 20,348 21,871 26,849 326.511 360.131 688.788

Cardamom 632 826 408 434.819 658.562 421.424

Ginger 1,439 1,531 1,230 19.432 40.583 55.035

Mushrooms 2 2 3 6.276 7.021 11.379

Vegetables, spices & oilseeds 3,926 3,337 3,414 56.425 77.088 116.132

MAPs 0 20 24 0.117 0.831 2.704

Cordyceps 0 1 1 101.592 258.806 375.339

Incense 0 0 3 0.000 0.000 2.376

Dairy products 139 0 53 5.696 0.000 2.872

Live animals (1000' Nos) 0 0 23 0.125 0.000 1.084

Meats 19 0 0 0.533 0.000 0.000

Total 62,345 64,768 66,454 1753.070 2184.676 2542.433

Source: Bhutan Trade Statistics, Department of Revenue and Customs, MoF

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Table 78: Imports of major commodities

Volume (MT) Value (Nu.Mn) Commodity 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014

Rice 68,235 69,885 79,306 1,202.109 1,540.373 1,787.599

Wheat 13,910 22,188 23,264 135.468 378.868 416.193 Other cereals 566 502 437 20.667 7.815 6.382 Fruits and nuts 3,440 1,905 2,403 99.274 42.072 75.381

Potatoes 5,208 5,283 5,273 60.891 56.791 80.646 Vegetables 8,027 8,259 12,646 126.631 238.586 410.970 Oils and fats 12,444 13,761 18,944 733.706 966.680 996.173 Dairy products 4,358 6,206 7,807 603.266 1,003.462 1,246.331

Sugar 10,154 10,022 9,732 359.597 322.348 330.246 Salt NA 7,234 6,184 NA 30.980 33.848 Beef 3,906 4,429 3,740 427.252 547.825 501.400

Pork 1,890 2,314 2,165 225.463 312.689 312.690

Chicken 1 1,006 1,302 0.080 116.389 165.830 Mutton 61 83 33 11.218 15.588 8.350

Fish 2,539 2,872 3,101 126.388 284.065 394.385 Live Poultry (000’ nos) 222 204 262 15.066 18.255 10.382

Total 4,147.076 5,882.786 6,776.806

Source: Bhutan Trade Statistics, Department of Revenue and Customs, MoF

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Table 79: Emports of major commodities by country of destination

Volume MT) Value (Nu.Mn) Commodity Country 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Bangladesh 380.000 447.018 405.500 256.247 365.628 419.181 Cardamom India 251.707 378.560 0.000 178.572 292.933 0.000 USA 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 2.243 Belgium 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.590 0.000 China 0.002 0.002 0.004 1.640 1.243 2.914 Hong Kong 0.153 0.000 0.000 78.819 0.000 0.000 Hong Kong 0.000 0.431 0.421 0.000 200.689 252.402 India 0.000 0.000 0.013 0.000 0.000 4.712 Indonesia 0.001 0.006 0.000 0.400 3.236 0.000 Korea 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.030 Malaysia 0.016 0.022 0.034 8.195 13.605 11.531 Cordyceps Nepal 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.700 0.258 0.000 Philippines 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.000 0.000 Singapore 0.002 0.020 0.104 0.566 9.271 61.346 Switzerland 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.019 Taiwan 0.003 0.005 0.002 1.000 1.283 0.863 Thailand 0.010 0.380 0.077 5.593 26.351 32.081 USA 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.500 0.355 0.132 Viet Nam 0.008 0.005 0.010 3.780 1.925 9.309 Bangladesh 21,906.158 22,668.673 19,607.967 419.285 489.010 520.111 Oranges India 2,525.969 2,306.693 1,540.192 33.351 30.135 22.446 Bangladesh 0.000 0.000 208.100 0.000 0.000 2.491 India 20,339.353 21,871.253 26,641.370 326.322 360.131 686.297 Potatoes Nepal 9.000 0.000 0.000 0.162 0.000 0.000 Taiwan 0.100 0.000 0.000 0.026 0.000 0.000 China 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.000 0.000 0.099 Hong Kong 0.023 0.000 0.010 0.068 0.000 0.049 India 0.210 0.159 0.190 0.589 0.493 0.587 Japan 1.891 1.936 2.895 5.248 6.347 10.038 Mushrooms South Korea 0.055 0.000 0.000 0.155 0.000 0.000 Singapore 0.075 0.062 0.044 0.212 0.181 0.205 Taiwan 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 Thailand 0.000 0.000 0.115 0.000 0.000 0.384 UK 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.016 Total 1,321.835 1,803.665 2,039.486 Source: Bhutan Trade Statistics, Department of Revenue and Customs, MoF

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15. Prices

15.1 Average retailprices of food commodities

The price data was compiled from various administrative sources until 2007 and from 2008 onwards, the website “ www.agrimarket.gov.bt ” maintained by the Department of Agricultural Marketing and Cooperatives (DAMC) has been used as the authentic source of agricultural commodity prices data. Table 80 shows the average prices of fourteen market places distributed across the country.

Table 80: Average prices of food commodities Commodity 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Wheat 8 10 9 13 13 17 19 20 21 22 Rice (local) 25 28 30 35 43 41 52 55 58 60 Potatoes 9 11 11 12 15 18 20 22 24 25 Tomatoes 16 24 24 27 29 40 45 47 50 50 Onions 30 27 27 22 27 37 35 38 44 50 Garlic 51 54 54 60 77 73 77 80 82 81 Carrots 39 41 41 42 40 32 37 42 47 50 Cauliflower 14 15 15 23 32 36 43 41 39 37 Cabbages 14 15 15 16 20 24 23 24 25 26 Peas (Green) 29 27 27 33 35 37 28 34 40 46 Beans (Green) 24 21 21 30 31 40 41 41 41 41 Asparagus 19 40 40 42 33 40 47 48 49 50 Eggplants 15 15 15 16 22 33 37 34 31 28 Mushrooms 42 45 45 47 50 53 56 60 64 68 Chillies 35 37 37 38 47 57 62 70 78 86 Pineapples 31 31 31 32 22 29 33 41 49 57 Mangoes 61 48 48 49 53 69 46 53 60 67 Oranges 29 28 25 26 27 46 39 45 51 57 Apples 48 46 47 50 52 55 55 55 57 60 Pears 34 34 34 34 34 35 37 35 33 31 Ginger 37 30 30 33 41 80 91 92 93 94 Beef 65 65 70 90 95 108 118 120 122 124 Pork 90 100 84 100 120 128 130 137 144 151 Mutton 120 120 140 140 143 158 172 180 188 196 Chicken 80 90 80 100 111 123 127 136 145 154 Eggs (per doz) 70 91 81 122 133 138 117 145 150 156 Source: www.agrimarket.gov.bt (DAMC, MoAF)

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15.2 Prices of seeds, seedlings and fertilizers

Table 81: Revised selling price of vegetable seeds (W.e.f 01/10/2014) Previous Revised S/N Commodity Remarks (Nu/pkt) (Nu/Pkt) 1 Beans (Top crop/borlotto) 10 10 50 g packet 2 Beetroot (DDR) 10 10 10 g packet 3 Bitter Gourd (Hybrid) 27 27 10 g packet 4 Bottle Gourd (Hybrid) 27 27 10 g packet 5 Brinjal (PP Long) 15 15 10 g packet 6 Broccoli (Centauro - Hybrid) 155 155 10 g packet 7 Broccoli (Dessico - OP) 10 10 10 g packet 8 Bunching Onion (Hybrid),TLW 60 60 10 g packet 9 Bunching Onion (No-21) 18 18 10 g packet 10 Cabbage (Hybrid) 110 110 10 g packet 11 Cabbage (Golden Acre-OP) 25 25 10 g packet 12 Carrot (ASC - Hybrid) 50 50 10 g packet 13 Carrot (N.Kuroda) 20 20 10 g packet 14 Cauliflower (Hybrid) 135 135 10 g packet 15 Cauliflower (K.early/K.late) 15 15 10 g packet 16 Chilli (Indian) 10 10 10 g packet 17 Chilli (Sha ema)) 10 10 10 g packet 18 Chinese Cabbage (Kyoto) 10 10 10 g packet 19 Coriander (Local) 15 15 10 g packet 20 Cucumber (Frontier)) 100 100 10 g packet 21 Cucumber (S.Genchu) 15 15 10 g packet 22 Cucumber (sqnton. No 1) 15 15 10 g packet 23 Garlic (Local) 4,000 3,920 20 kg bag 24 Ginger (Local) 860 960 20 kg bag 25 Japanese Green (Mibuna)) 40 40 10 g packet 26 Japanese Green (Thisai) 10 10 10 g packet 27 Ladies Finger (PS/Kranti) 15 15 10 g packet 28 Lettuce (Great Lake) 20 20 5 g packet 29 Mustard Green (Him Beauty) 10 10 10 g packet 30 Onion (OP/ B-Red) 20 20 10 g packet 31 Onion (Pune Red - Hybrid) 25 25 10 g packet 32 Onion (BS•-7580 25 25 10 g packet 33 Peas (Mr. Rig). Hybrid 25 25 50 g packet 34 Peas (Usui/Arkel) 10 10 50 g packet 35 Pole Beans (Pole bean white) 14 14 50 g packet 36 Pumpkin (T-Kabuta) 15 15 10 g packet 37 Radish (Ivory white) 15 15 10 g packet 38 Radish (mirlowase ) 15 10 10 g packet 39 Radish (Tokinashi-All season) 15 15 10 g packet 40 Spinach All (Green/Leaf Beet) 10 10 10 g packet 41 Squaush (Zuccini) 15 15 10 g packet 42 Soya bean (Lebi -1) 62 62 5 kg bag 43 Potato Red (Desiree) 18 26 50 kg bag 44 Potato White varieties (KJ.K.K.YK) 17 25 50 kg bag Source: National Seed Centre, October 2014

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Table 82: Revised selling price of fruit seedlings (W.e.f 01/10/2014)

S/N Commodity Previous (Nu/seedling) Revised (Nu/seedling) Temperate fruit plants 1 Almond (Kagzi) 54 79 2 Apple (All Varieties) 54 72 3 Apricot (Shakharpara) 54 79 4 Asparagus seedlings (MW) 4 4 5 Cherry (Seneka/Jabouny) 54 72 6 Chestnut (Jeuphu-1) 54 46 7 Peach (N-wase/S-Hakuto) 54 79 8 Pear (Hosui/Kosui/Chujoro/William) 54 70 9 Persimmon (Fuyu/Jiro) 68 102 10 Plum (Santarosa/Stanley) 54 79 11 Straw berry (Chandler) 7 7 12 Walnut (Grafted - Kagzi) 117 161 Subtropical fruit plants 1 Areca nut (Bhur S-1) 29 33 2 Avocado (Hasa/Pink caton) 133 133 3 Banana (Chini Champa/Jahaji) 15 23 4 Cardamom (Seedling multiplication) 8 11 5 Cardamom (through seeds) 8 13 6 Mandarin Orange (grafted) 34 79 7 Mandarin Orange (seedlings) 29 33 8 Gauva (L-49) 22 36 9 Jack fruit (Bhur S-1) 23 13 10 Litchi (E-Bedana/Shahi) 22 49 11 Mango graft (Langra/DS/AP/CH) 32 68 12 Papaya 23 13 13 Passion fruit (Local) 10 11 14 Pine apple (Sugar baby) 19 30 15 Pomegranate (Bedana) 41 28 Source: National Seed Centre, October 2014

Table 83: Revised selling price of cereals and oilseeds (W.e.f 01/10/2014) Previous Revised S/N Cereals Remarks (Nu/kg) (Nu/kg) 1 Maize (Yangtsepa, Shaphangma, Chaskarpa) 23 28 5 kg bag 2 Paddy (BRK-1 & 2, BK-1 & 2) 25 31 20 kg bag 3 Paddy (Bajo Maap-1 & 2) 25 43 20 kg bag 4 Paddy (Bajo kaap-1&2 & IR-64) 25 37 20 kg bag 5 Paddy (No.11, Chhumro, YRK-1 & 2 and YRM-1 & 2) 50 55 20 kg bag 6 Wheat (Sonalika, Baj & Agreem) 31 31 20 kg bag 7 Millet (Local) NA 22 5 kg bag 8 Dhaincha 44 44 20 kg bag 9 Mustard (M-27) 90 90 5 kg bag 10 Soya bean (Lebi -1) 62 62 5 kg bag Source: National Seed Centre, October 2014

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Table 84: Revised selling price of fertilizers and others (W.e.f 24/03/2014) Previous Revised S/N Particulars Unit Remarks (Nu./Pkt) (Nu./Pkt) 1 Urea 46 % N (50 Kg) 50 Kg 695 785 50 Kg packet 2 Urea 46% N (10 Kg) 10 Kg 148 165 10 Kg packet 3 Suphala (NPK 15:15:15) 50 Kg 1,337 1,490 50 Kg packet 4 Suphala (NPK 15:15:15) 20 Kg 546 605 20 Kg packet 5 SSP (16% P2O) 50 Kg 669 770 50 Kg packet 6 DAP (18% N 46% P2O) 50 Kg 2,135 2,405 50 Kg packet 7 Bone Meal 50 Kg 1,337 1,335 50 Kg packet 8 Rock Phosphate 50 Kg 1,230 1,230 50 Kg packet 9 MOP (60% K2O) 50 Kg 1,230 1,395 50 Kg packet 10 CAN 50 Kg 2,670 1,335 50 Kg packet 11 Butachlor (5% granule) 10 Kg 348 295 10 Kg packet 12 Borax (20% Boron minimum) 5 Kg 1,185 1,230 5 kg packet Source: National Seed Centre, March 2014

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16. Implementation of Global Strategy for Improving RNR Statistics

The global food crises that emerged around 2008 had triggered the global debates on food price instability, the impact of climate change on agriculture and food security. The debates have clearly highlighted the weaknesses in the available agricultural data and emphasized the urgent need for evidence on which to base implementation of the relevant effective policies at the global, regional and national levels.

Therefore, the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the World Bank in collaboration with the United Nations Statistical Commission and in consultation with heads of national statistics offices and agriculture ministries formulated the Global Strategy to Improve Agricultural and Rural Statistics in 2011. The Global Strategy is now being implemented in many countries. In Bhutan, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Regional FAO office for Asia and the Pacific (FAORAP) are supporting in implementing the Global Strategy for Improving RNR Statistics. Tabulated below, are some of the activities of the Global Strategy implemented so far, in collaboration with national stakeholders of RNR statistics both within and outside the RNR sector.

Table 85: Progress on implementation of Global Strategy for Improving RNR Statistics Year Activities Support Sep 2012 a) 1st National Stakeholders’ Workshop was held in Paro to review RNR statistical ADB system in the country.

Nov 2013 a) 2nd National Stakeholde rs’ C onsultation Workshop was conducted in Thimphu FAORAP on the initiation of In-depth Country Assessment (IdCA) concerning RNR statistics. b) Conducted IdCA excercises by interviewing the relevant stakeholders using FAO’s format. Compiled the assessment and drafted report. May 2014 a) 3rd National Stakeholders’ consultation Me eting was conducted in Thimphu to FAORAP finalize IdCA report.

Aug 2014 a) Published and distributed IdCA report. Initiated preparation of Country FAORAP Proposal for improving RNR statistics based on the IdCA findings and recommendations. Sep 2014 a) Conduct ed a Training Workshop (5 days) in Paro for National Stakeholders in ADB documentation and production of metadata on statistical surveys.

Oct 2013 a) 4th National Stakeholders’ consultation Works hop was held in Phuntsholing on ADB revision of RNR Statistical Framework 2012 as recommended by stakeholders in September 2012 in Paro.

Oct 2014 a) 5th National Stakeholders’ consultation Meeting on finalization of the Country FAORAP Proposal for improving RNR statistics. Nov 2014 a) Country Proposal for Improving RNR St atistics published and distributed FAORAP (summary of proposed projects are provided in Table xxx).

May 2015 a) Conducted a High -Level Consultation Workshop in Thimphu on the Results of ADB the Methodological Studies for improving RNR statistics.

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16.1 The In-depth Country Assessment

16.1.1 Summary of findings a. Inter-agency duplication of effort is not found in RNR data collection. Cooperation is good. b. Within MoAF, several departments collect statistics and coordination of their statistical activities is difficult. c. At NSB, human resources constraint is more of manpower than technical in nature. d. For RNR Statistical Framework’s effectiveness other stakeholders’ collaborative linkages are very important, especially in statistical development processes. e. A significant input to the SP-RNRS is available from the “RNR Statistical Framework 2012 - An Implementation Guideline”.

16.1.2 Summary of recommendations a. All RNR data-producing agencies (MoAF, NSB, DRC, MoLHR, NRDCL and FCB) should be supported in training, equipment and data processing methods. b. RNR-Statistics Framework should include relevant agencies outside MoAFalso. Their inclusion is necessary for the integration of the RNR Statistics System into the Bhutan Statistical System. c. A single division in MoAF should be mandated to manage all aspects of data collection, processing and dissemination of RNR statistical data. This will ensure more efficient use of MoAF’s technical manpower, coordination and management of statistical operations, evaluation of accuracy and appropriation of financial resources. Coordination with NSB/Gewogs will be improved to ensure proper sampling techniques and quality of data. It also ensures harmonized data for decision makers. d. The RNR census should be jointly conducted by NSB and MoAF. This will be conducive to RNR statistics development that shall overcome issues of inconsistency, lack of proper sampling techniques, coordination and management of statistical operations, evaluation of accuracy. d. Fast changing indicators should be avoided in the RNR Census; these should be covered by surveys. e. In agriculture annual, survey of DoA: (1) Frame/design should be improved and (2) Gewog level data should not be generated from the sample data. f. Livestock Census of DoL should: (1) Focus on estimating livestock number/production only (2) Make use of BLSS results for consumption, etc. g. Capacity of MoAF in survey data processing should be strengthened soonest. This can be easier if a single division is mandated for all responsibilities of RNR statistics. i. SP-RNRS requirements should be incorporated into the revised RNR Statistical Framework, currently being drafted.

16.2 The Country Proposal

Table 86: Implementation Arrangement for the proposed Country Projects Project Title Focal Agency Other main stakeholders Bring improvement in crop statistics DoA PPD and NSB Bring improvement in livestock Statistics DoL PPD and NSB NSB, MoF, DAMC, DRC, DoA, DoL, Increase institutional and HR capacity PPD DoFPS, NRCDL, NEC Gather upda ted environmental data NEC MoAF Land cover mapping PPD DoA, DoFPS and NEC Conduct of a RNR census PPD, NSB DoA, DoL, DoFPS, Bhutan Living Standard Survey NSB MoAF Labor Force Survey MoLHR NSB

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16.2.1 Estimated budget for the proposed projects

Summarized cost estimates for the projects included in the proposal are shown in Table 84. In this table, Government’s contribution in kind, which is going to be substantial, is not included. Costs of international staff travel, Technical Support Services (TSS), General Operating Expenses (GOE), and “Project Services Cost (PSC) apply to donors’ contribution. The cost of consultants’ service (34 person/months in total) is estimated at $20,000 per month. The PSC is 13% of the donors’ contribution; it is not 13% of the total estimated budget.

Table 87: Summarized Cost estimates for the proposed projects (US$ in millions)

Donor Contribution Govt. Contribution

Project/Action Plan Training Sub-total Sub-total Expenses Assistance Equipment Temporary Temporary Operational (Consultant) Total Project Cost Project Total Other Expenses Other General Operating Operating General Project Service Cost Service Project Technical Assistance Assistance Technical P1. Improvement in crop statistics 0.060 0.030 0.008 0.016 0.015 0.129 0.050 0.050 0.179 P2. Improvement in livestock statistics 0.060 0.025 0.005 0.004 0.012 0.106 0.050 0.050 0.156 P3. Increase institutional and HR capacity 0.060 0.110 0.014 0.006 0.024 0.214 0.300 0.300 0.514 P4. Gather updated environmental data 0.040 0.040 0.050 0.008 0.021 0.021 0.180 0.020 0.020 0.200 P5. Land cover mapping 0.200 0.100 0.030 0.089 0.429 0.110 0.958 0.050 0.050 0.100 1.058 P6. Conduct of RNR census 0.260 0.700 0.060 0.047 0.040 0.144 1.251 0.083 0.250 0.333 1.584 P7. Bhutan Living Standard Survey 0.145 0.155 0.155 P8. Labor Force Survey 0.090 0.140 0.140 Overall 0.680 0.840 0.305 0.171 0.515 0.326 2.837 0.613 0.535 1.148 3.985

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17. Annexures: Gewog Level Statistics

Annexure: 1 Land cover (LCMP 2010) information Table 1a: Land covers information Area by various types of land cover (ha)

Dzongkhag Gewog area area Bare Total Total Snow Areas Areas Areas Areas Areas Cover Water Bodies Shrubs Marshy Built up up Areas Non-Built Degraded Meadows tree cover tree Agriculture under Area

Bumthang Chhoekhor 144,506 829 49,738 19,863 24,856 17,191 1,227 30,680 29 93 Bumthang Chhume 41,656 807 32,535 2,798 187 3,631 897 180 582 38 Bumthang Tang 52,906 777 33,717 9,622 1,626 4,974 924 258 997 11 Bumthang Ura 27,708 507 22,888 1,524 45 2,534 67 40 104 Bumthang Total 266,775 2,920 138,878 33,807 26,715 28,330 1,821 1,731 32,299 29 246 0 Chhukha Bjachho 14,153 299 11,556 1,393 15 432 24 158 171 105 Chhukha Bongo 39,718 1,093 34,224 1,560 266 1,403 66 126 766 214 Chhukha Chapcha 13,003 903 9,646 1,289 19 812 80 233 17 4 Chhukha Dala 13,292 1,788 10,635 410 11 6 72 242 130 Chhukha Dungna 20,289 628 18,418 617 14 391 34 27 159 Chhukha Geling 22,429 330 20,777 725 2 180 112 244 22 39 Chhukha Getana 24,166 419 23,149 281 144 88 13 66 5 Chhukha Logchina 7,232 1,067 5,589 388 18 25 47 97 2 Chhukha Metap 13,048 379 11,864 593 26 128 1 35 17 7 Chhukha Phuentsholing 13,133 1,256 9,881 976 43 87 664 224 4 Chhukha Sampheling 7,481 1,081 5,454 506 22 88 155 172 2 Chhukha Total 187,944 9,241 161,193 8,738 514 3,529 544 1,892 1,368 0 914 10 Dagana Deorali 9,212 709 7,647 202 126 41 89 398 Dagana Dorona 10,770 226 9,869 394 216 23 6 37 Dagana Drukgyalgang 5,829 956 4,477 183 31 0 24 99 60 Dagana Gaserling 3,882 247 3,344 165 20 0 4 68 34 Dagana Gozhing 2,213 501 1,487 41 138 1 40 6 Dagana Kana 19,128 1,262 17,525 206 3 11 13 80 28

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Table 1b: Land covers information Area by various types of land cover (ha)

Dzongkhag Gewog area area Bare Total Snow Areas Areas Areas Areas Areas Cover Water Bodies Shrubs Marshy Built up up Areas Non-Built Degraded Meadows tree covertree Agriculture Agriculture Area Area under

Dagana Khipisa 9,592 780 8,640 77 0 21 31 43 Dagana Lajab 10,858 377 10,300 111 31 39 Dagana Lhamoy Zingkha 10,395 416 9,275 173 19 93 98 310 11 Dagana Nichula 13,689 147 12,745 165 91 299 47 196 Dagana Trashiding 3,953 430 3,252 56 83 17 43 72 0 Dagana Tsangkha 3,737 603 2,856 154 19 5 84 17 Dagana Tsendagang 9,584 609 8,351 8 293 52 4 250 18 Dagana Tseza 59,412 273 50,196 6,350 0 45 2,523 25 Dagana Total 172,252 7,537 149,961 8,283 931 740 363 1,716 2,523 0 198 0 Gasa Goenkhame 14,929 199 11,547 36 25 1,077 0 2,039 5 Gasa Goenkhatoe 28,691 140 14,788 6,135 2,842 2 74 4,708 2 Gasa Laya 96,722 162 26,633 27,271 15,694 6,157 1,565 377 18,863 Gasa Lunana 167,162 30 27,757 28,518 30,110 17,430 7,892 1,382 54,044 Gasa Total 307,503 530 80,725 61,961 48,671 24,666 9,457 1,833 79,654 0 8 0 Ha Bji 70,607 483 27,290 22,232 1,865 11,923 102 6,667 45 Ha Gakidling 34,024 485 29,577 3,072 160 397 53 186 92 2 Ha Katsho 4,147 365 2,985 334 294 31 70 68 Ha Sama 20,167 257 15,087 2,439 1,147 5 78 1,147 7 Ha Sangbay 50,872 798 41,453 5,779 172 1,644 24 178 825 Ha Uesu 6,646 393 5,459 538 4 153 35 64 Ha Total 186,462 2,781 121,851 34,394 2,202 15,557 82 609 8,801 0 186 0 Lhuentse Gangzur 53,538 1,062 41,016 4,439 1,211 1,451 68 133 4,086 72 Lhuentse Jaray 13,830 674 12,394 316 95 159 65 123 0 4 Lhuentse Khoma 65,454 488 34,389 8,875 9,815 2,095 92 242 9,455 4 Lhuentse Kurtoe 91,023 468 37,273 16,381 12,347 1,747 73 547 22,182 6 Lhuentse Menbi 8,886 881 6,718 662 41 489 1 60 34

~ 73 ~

Table 1c: Land covers information Area by various types of land cover (ha)

Dzongkhag Gewog area Bare Total Snow Areas Areas Areas Areas Areas Cover Water Bodies Shrubs Shrubs Marshy Built up up up Areas Non-Built Degraded Degraded Meadows tree covertree Agriculture Agriculture Area Area under

Lhuentse Metsho 21,878 696 18,797 1,575 145 572 42 48 3 Lhuentse Minjay 13,795 632 11,690 704 22 705 4 26 14 Lhuentse Tsenkhar 12,453 1,006 10,402 650 24 332 38 3 Lhuentse Total 280,857 5,905 172,679 33,601 23,700 7,549 344 1,217 35,723 0 139 0 Mongar Balam 8,085 248 7,284 329 32 41 148 2 Mongar Chali 3,734 348 1,716 1,582 55 26 7 Mongar Chaskhar 5,199 467 4,240 392 29 1 19 37 12 Mongar Drametse 4,988 481 3,929 488 17 6 3 49 15 Mongar Drepung 5,925 211 4,656 951 17 1 62 27 Mongar Gongdue 17,051 308 15,980 558 22 63 120 Mongar Jurmey 5,563 192 4,608 595 30 96 39 2 Mongar Kengkhar 8,815 306 8,029 336 21 20 74 30 Mongar Mongar 7,216 499 6,230 268 21 4 4 64 123 4 Mongar Narang 2,019 259 1,514 218 18 5 0 5 Mongar Ngatshang 7,222 367 6,592 170 21 28 26 18 Mongar Saleng 44,456 425 43,391 369 17 77 50 80 48 Mongar Sherigmuhung 28,121 436 27,268 12 389 8 6 2 Mongar Silambi 16,006 338 15,001 593 26 6 13 26 3 Mongar Thangrong 6,850 275 6,365 91 65 6 11 34 4 Mongar Tsakaling 8,636 348 7,307 880 30 13 10 43 5 Mongar Tsamang 14,607 232 14,018 96 35 28 119 73 6 Mongar Total 194,492 5,739 178,128 7,915 469 624 472 861 0 0 280 4 Paro Doga 10,574 680 7,447 1,638 32 706 2 43 18 8 Paro Dopshari 3,390 546 2,441 274 0 67 36 26 Paro Doteng 19,477 289 12,879 3,907 260 755 1 60 1,312 15 Paro Hungrel 1,099 77 702 203 3 53 48 14

~ 74 ~

Table 1d: Land covers information Area by various types of land cover (ha)

Dzongkhag Gewog area area Bare Total Snow Areas Areas Areas Areas Areas Cover Water Bodies Shrubs Marshy Built up up Areas Non-Built Degraded Meadows tree covertree Agriculture Agriculture Area under Area

Paro Lamgong 4,970 685 3,558 490 0 60 48 71 59 Paro Lungnyi 7,591 643 6,146 563 11 161 25 42 Paro Naja 13,688 1,464 11,417 612 107 23 64 Paro Shapa 7,993 673 5,536 1,422 6 267 43 47 Paro Tsento 54,214 899 24,893 18,685 1,322 4,642 4 127 3,588 54 Paro Wangchang 2,065 385 1,150 227 148 44 110 Paro Total 125,060 6,340 76,170 28,021 1,632 6,968 7 496 5,035 0 384 8 Pemagatshel Chhimung 6,777 321 5,709 229 33 162 252 69 Pemagatshel Chokhorling 14,647 244 13,990 309 10 25 67 3 Pemagatshel Chongshing 3,195 261 2,572 289 29 0 19 22 3 Pemagatshel Dechhenling 14,202 586 12,728 524 28 12 36 251 26 12 Pemagatshel Dungme 12,348 521 10,875 672 15 0 36 227 1 Pemagatshel Khar 11,714 408 10,826 262 25 6 157 27 4 Pemagatshel Nanong 9,935 745 8,303 770 35 4 23 39 17 Pemagatshel Norbugang 7,351 418 6,360 284 1 211 55 24 Pemagatshel Shumer 9,403 911 7,569 308 251 28 40 235 29 32 Pemagatshel Yurung 3,873 377 2,722 707 4 14 42 7 Pemagatshel Zobel 8,822 464 7,987 275 9 6 15 27 39 Pemagatshel Total 102,265 5,256 89,640 4,626 439 58 737 1,244 0 26 207 32 Punakha Bapisa 2,465 449 1,765 132 57 46 17 Punakha Chhubu 9,182 510 7,856 323 8 172 142 160 10 Punakha Dzoma 2,143 499 1,420 149 41 30 4 Punakha Goenshari 8,858 206 7,956 104 30 59 1 57 445 0 Punakha Guma 3,640 623 2,352 445 184 1 25 10 Punakha Kabjisa 20,661 721 17,517 498 149 118 1,642 17 Punakha Lingmukha 3,380 360 2,536 166 275 33 9

~ 75 ~

Table 1e: Land covers information Area by various types of land cover (ha)

Dzongkhag Gewog area area Bare Total Snow Areas Areas Areas Areas Areas Cover Water Bodies Shrubs Shrubs Marshy Built up up up Areas Non-Built Degraded Meadows tree covertree Agriculture Agriculture Area Area under

Punakha Shengana 6,243 467 5,442 157 174 2 Punakha Talo 2,551 411 1,974 147 17 0 3 Punakha Toepisa 10,340 621 9,105 342 1 166 9 61 35 Punakha Toewang 41,521 486 26,284 8,587 399 63 5,699 3 Punakha Total 110,983 5,353 84,206 11,051 39 1,693 11 575 7,946 0 109 0 S/jongkhar Deothang 19,508 581 18,058 323 16 3 66 211 224 28 S/jongkhar Gomdar 8,036 882 6,067 899 84 12 20 23 49 S/jongkhar Jangchubling 16,383 723 14,659 696 19 37 101 122 26 S/jongkhar Langchenphu 22,171 480 20,036 533 43 148 891 41 S/jongkhar Lauri 27,640 789 21,761 4,104 401 317 74 191 2 S/jongkhar Martshala 29,637 1,122 27,531 722 114 45 67 26 11 S/jongkhar Pemethang 7,654 650 6,090 577 2 86 249 1 S/jongkhar Phuntshothang 13,038 1,045 10,412 1,122 0 75 339 45 S/jongkhar Samrang 5,125 62 4,331 386 87 259 S/jongkhar Serthig 30,617 642 28,780 617 207 145 223 2 S/jongkhar Wangphu 7,979 1,153 5,555 1,098 40 79 51 3 S/jongkhar Total 187,788 8,129 163,281 11,077 926 414 946 2,584 0 0 404 28 Samtse Bangra 18,800 1,604 15,036 1,323 443 7 99 288 Samtse Biru 5,108 1,349 3,688 30 8 33 0 Samtse Chargharay 3,825 1,097 2,427 129 23 134 11 6 Samtse Chengmari 11,776 1,168 9,760 216 26 84 512 1 11 Samtse Denchhukha 10,403 832 8,925 368 1 129 13 137 Samtse Dorokha 10,4 16 1,673 8,084 385 14 29 68 162 2 Samtse Dungtoe 4,828 574 3,828 258 23 100 5 41 Samtse Namgaye Chholing 12,686 1,384 10,995 150 2 57 46 41 6 5

~ 76 ~

Table 1f: Land covers information Area by various types of land cover (ha)

Dzongkhag Gewog area area Bare Total Snow Areas Areas Areas Areas Areas Cover Water Bodies Shrubs Marshy Built up up Areas Non-Built Degraded Meadows tree cover tree Agriculture Agriculture Area underArea

Samtse Pagli 10,245 752 8,009 308 34 2 200 740 80 121 Samtse Samtse 11,552 1,201 9,252 304 2 77 524 127 66 Samtse Sipsu 2,700 1,017 1,005 396 31 229 21 Samtse Tading 10,818 1,494 7,733 655 20 40 220 647 9 Samtse Tendruk 13,192 1,562 10,894 508 110 18 78 22 Samtse Ugyentse 1,864 605 1,121 34 3 40 59 1 Samtse Yoeseltse 2,299 1,055 1,080 75 14 16 54 6 Samtse Total 130,511 17,366 101,834 5,138 94 993 815 3,488 288 0 286 209 Sarpang Bhur 5,485 366 3,401 1,441 5 24 228 20 Sarpang Chhuzargang 2,204 325 208 930 718 24 Sarpang Dekiling 11,363 1,046 9,338 683 2 37 7 192 60 Sarpang Doban 22,257 604 21,209 225 46 126 48 Sarpang Gelephu 5,513 504 3,066 1,277 2 41 472 151 Sarpang Hiley 14,392 628 13,163 382 6 75 136 4 Sarpang Jigmechoeling 50,130 933 48,272 620 58 8 44 194 2 Sarpang Senge 21,468 346 19,809 763 93 52 402 2 Sarpang Serzhong 7,853 669 6,297 506 11 44 315 11 Sarpang Shompangkha 2,164 417 1,446 187 82 33 Sarpang Taraythang 11,510 192 9,942 841 18 65 451 Sarpang Umling 12,260 623 10,460 517 4 53 593 10 Sarpang Total 166,599 6,653 146,611 8,371 243 45 531 3,830 0 0 316 0 Thimphu Chang 16,695 645 12,244 1,134 6 1,690 44 932 1 Thimphu Dagala 24,608 15 13,646 4,125 85 2,049 32 4,642 15 Thimphu Genye 8,584 245 5,613 651 11 1,853 28 175 8 Thimphu Kawang 32,917 334 19,320 7,732 111 1,455 177 66 3,181 541 Thimphu Lingzhi 30,423 38 2,880 9,309 6,825 2,923 440 75 7,925 10

~ 77 ~

Table 1g: Land covers information Area by various types of land cover (ha)

Dzongkhag Gewog area area Bare Total Snow Areas Areas Areas Areas Areas Cover Water Bodies Shrubs Marshy Built up up Areas Non-Built Degraded Meadows tree covertree Agriculture Agriculture Area under Area

Thimphu Mewang 26,878 994 17,439 5,520 23 2,042 177 84 497 64 39 Thimphu Naro 15,682 1 2,178 4,971 1,456 2,012 63 5,000 1 Thimphu Soe 19,072 3 1,629 3,958 4,123 4,084 178 107 4,991 Thimphu Total 174,859 2,274 74,949 37,399 12,640 18,108 971 499 26,410 0 1,570 40 Trashigang Bartsham 3,486 438 2,576 435 22 15 Trashigang Bidung 4,640 380 3,889 329 35 3 1 3 Trashigang Kanglung 6,709 468 5,182 890 69 3 49 50 Trashigang Kangpara 32,229 580 29,056 1,967 192 126 197 18 90 3 Trashigang Khaling 15,529 377 13,062 1,187 2 791 61 27 22 Trashigang Lumang 10,560 460 9,493 401 5 52 81 43 26 Trashigang Merak 43,051 17 33,660 4,368 3,368 134 55 1,445 5 Trashigang Phongme 9,941 478 8,908 380 8 102 23 37 6 Trashigang Radi 2,821 841 1,415 485 15 32 22 11 Trashigang Sakteng 43,116 82 29,883 8,902 2,665 31 175 1,370 9 Trashigang Samkhar 9,010 375 7,977 567 24 11 36 21 Trashigang Shongphu 9,229 474 7,821 754 61 7 78 35 Trashigang Thrimshing 5,284 318 4,546 393 0 17 8 2 Trashigang Udzorong 17,398 767 15,918 431 42 38 40 156 7 Trashigang Yangnyer 7,435 367 6,594 378 1 36 14 39 5 Trashigang Total 220,438 6,423 179,978 21,866 249 7,381 652 766 2,905 0 219 0 Trashiyangtse Bumdeling 85,343 398 51,477 14,971 1,515 85 433 16,462 2 Trashiyangtse Jamkhar 5,179 185 4,249 713 4 2 23 4 Trashiyangtse Khamdang 4,583 593 2,762 1,146 0 17 7 52 6 Trashiyangtse Ramjar 2,246 191 1,770 247 5 24 8 Trashiyangtse Toetsho 4,975 338 3,511 836 12 224 48 6

~ 78 ~

Table 1h: Land covers information Area by various types of land cover (ha)

Dzongkhag Gewog area area Bare Total Snow Areas Areas Areas Areas Areas Cover Water Bodies Shrubs Shrubs Marshy Built up up up Areas Non-Built Meadows Degraded tree covertree Agriculture Agriculture Area Area under

Trashiyangtse Tongmijangsa 6,493 350 5,072 970 30 19 51 1 Trashiyangtse Yalang 8,870 487 8,003 317 9 52 2 Trashiyangtse Yangtse 27,218 519 25,901 397 280 0 35 87 Trashiyangtse Total 144,906 3,060 102,744 19,596 42 2,068 100 719 16,462 0 115 0 Trongsa Dragteng 8,459 554 6,163 1,485 222 1 22 11 Trongsa Korphu 29,080 343 27,797 565 27 28 1 58 252 10 Trongsa Langthil 50,787 559 43,714 3,900 244 1,484 12 43 821 12 Trongsa Nubi 56,600 547 50,435 2,554 542 979 1 62 1,393 88 Trongsa Tangsibji 37,266 285 30,691 2,809 48 2,516 1 103 783 30 Trongsa Total 182,192 2,287 158,799 11,313 860 5,229 16 288 3,249 0 151 0 Tsirang Barshong 2,110 255 1,690 92 20 12 5 37 1 Tsirang Beteni 16,998 235 16,025 374 270 12 5 66 12 Tsirang Dunglagang 4,627 426 4,034 132 2 1 27 5 Tsirang Gosaling 1,094 363 609 27 0 11 79 4 Tsirang Kikhorthang 1,771 517 1,141 16 24 4 69 Tsirang Mendregang 1,498 346 1,030 98 2 15 6 Tsirang Patale 13,595 383 12,672 462 22 6 49 1 Tsirang Phuentenchhu 13,706 548 12,788 270 13 16 4 66 1 Tsirang Rangthangling 2,508 316 1,744 320 12 12 86 18 Tsirang Semjong 1,516 443 960 43 0 4 64 1 Tsirang Tsholingkhar 1,312 496 652 82 9 4 6 37 27 Tsirang Tsirangtoe 3,140 381 2,441 188 9 27 3 64 28 Tsirang Total 63,874 4,709 55,786 2,104 344 117 48 595 0 0 172 0

~ 79 ~

Table 1i: Land covers information Area by various types of land cover (ha)

Dzongkhag Gewog area area Bare Total Snow Areas Areas Areas Areas Areas Cover Water Bodies Shrubs Shrubs Marshy Built up up up Areas Non-Built Meadows Degraded tree covertree Agriculture Agriculture Area Area under

Wangdue Athang 78,347 224 73,627 3,083 18 501 35 152 707 1 Wangdue Bjena 12,106 848 9,943 1,175 105 33 1 Wangdue Daga 34,892 322 30,361 2,958 1,086 12 0 147 7 Wangdue Dangchhu 17,369 413 11,490 2,762 5 713 5 45 1,911 24 Wangdue Gangte 10,181 438 6,695 492 2,101 13 288 128 27 Wangdue Gase Tshogom 3,136 393 1,590 835 260 4 39 15 Wangdue Gase Tshowom 17,841 219 15,977 363 14 31 1,222 16 Wangdue Kazhi 62,823 275 35,017 5,314 37 4,967 17,210 3 Wangdue Nahi 7,242 257 5,578 1,079 321 0 6 Wangdue Nyisho 11,859 479 9,074 1,701 556 1 15 33 2 Wangdue Phangyuel 3,400 368 2,040 972 20 0 0 0 Wangdue Phobji 15,457 546 11,222 2,445 956 1 54 81 137 15 Wangdue Ruepisa 16,084 637 13,127 2,256 4 0 58 2 Wangdue Sephu 99,144 165 29,304 11,109 6 15,974 1,648 195 40,739 4 Wangdue Thedtsho 2,150 361 922 649 127 1 41 49 Wangdue Total 392,030 5,944 255,967 36,830 66 28,054 1,733 630 62,371 265 171 0 Zhemgang Bardo 21,870 682 16,246 3,214 88 1,397 150 85 8 Zhemgang Bjoka 19,487 162 17,784 474 155 518 58 335 0 Zhemgang Goshing 9,919 509 8,403 735 184 3 5 80 Zhemgang Nangkor 49,327 451 42,849 4,204 783 336 16 260 403 25 Zhemgang Ngangla 21,578 844 19,435 538 112 224 115 294 18 Zhemgang Phangkhar 52,645 325 48,957 1,161 253 670 549 730 Zhemgang Shingkhar 30,877 634 25,161 2,837 466 1,598 27 154 1 Zhemgang Trong 35,913 495 33,075 1,274 137 679 79 143 32 Zhemgang Total 241,616 4,102 211,911 14,436 2,177 5,425 998 2,082 403 0 83 0

~ 80 ~

Annexure: 2 Ggeographical areas by agro-ecological zones

Table 1a: Distribution of ageographical areas by agro-ecological zones across gewogs Distribution of area (sqkm) by agro-ecological zones Percent distribution of area by agro-ecological zones

Dzongkhag Gewog (SqKm) Total Total area Alpine Alpine (100-600) (100-600) (600-1200) (600-1200) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) (3600-7500) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) (3600-7500) Dry Subtropical Dry Dry Subtropical Dry Cool Temperate Cool Temperate Wet Subtropical Wet Subtropical Warm Warm Temperate Warm Warm Temperate Humid Subtropical Humid Subtropical Humid Subtropical Humid Subtropical Bumthang Chhoekhor 1,480 0 8 0 0 307 1,165 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 20.8 78.7 Bumthang Chhume 401 0 13 0 0 248 140 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 61.8 34.9 Bumthang Tang 520 0 1 0 0 241 278 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 46.4 53.4 Bumthang Ura 266 0 11 0 0 167 87 0.0 4.3 0.0 0.0 62.9 32.8 Chhukha Bjachho 141 0 42 0 16 70 13 0.0 30.2 0.0 11.1 49.7 9.0 Chhukha Bongo 399 18 104 82 104 77 14 4.6 26.2 20.5 26.0 19.2 3.6 Chhukha Chapcha 129 0 45 0 0 67 18 0.0 34.6 0.0 0.0 51.6 13.8 Chhukha Dala 135 26 8 58 43 0 0 19.2 6.1 42.7 31.9 0.0 0.0 Chhukha Dungna 202 3 70 16 33 73 8 1.3 34.7 7.7 16.4 36.2 3.7 Chhukha Geling 222 2 81 26 53 60 0 1.0 36.3 11.7 23.9 27.1 0.0 Chhukha Getana 242 3 92 29 68 46 3 1.4 37.9 12.2 28.3 19.0 1.2 Chhukha Logchina 72 5 5 35 27 0 0 6.9 6.5 49.0 37.6 0.0 0.0 Chhukha Metap 130 0 54 2 20 52 1 0.0 41.7 1.7 15.6 40.3 0.8 Chhukha Phuentsholing 134 50 5 55 23 0 0 37.6 3.8 41.3 17.3 0.0 0.0 Chhukha Sampheling 74 27 4 31 12 0 0 37.1 4.9 41.6 16.4 0.0 0.0 Dagana Deorali 91 46 1 31 13 0 0 50.6 1.5 33.5 14.4 0.0 0.0 Dagana Dorona 108 8 17 38 44 0 0 7.5 16.0 35.5 40.9 0.2 0.0 Dagana Drukgyalgang 57 8 9 23 17 0 0 14.4 16.0 40.8 28.9 0.0 0.0 Dagana Gaserling 38 1 6 14 18 0 0 1.3 15.6 36.4 46.7 0.0 0.0 Dagana Gozhing 22 0 3 7 11 0 0 0.7 12.9 34.3 52.1 0.0 0.0 Dagana Kana 191 0 88 21 63 18 0 0.1 46.1 11.0 33.2 9.6 0.0 Dagana Khipisa 96 1 41 19 32 3 0 1.5 43.0 19.9 32.9 2.8 0.0 Dagana Lajab 109 3 47 16 37 5 0 2.7 43.4 14.9 34.4 4.6 0.0

~ 81 ~

Table 1b: Distribution of ageographical areas by agro-ecological zones across gewogs Distribution of area (sqkm) by agro-ecological zones Percent distribution of area by agro-ecological zones

Dzongkhag Gewog (SqKm) Total Total area Alpine Alpine (100-600) (100-600) (600-1200) (600-1200) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) (3600-7500) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) (3600-7500) Dry SubtropicalDry Dry SubtropicalDry Cool Temperate Cool Temperate Wet Subtropical Wet Subtropical Wet Subtropical Wet Subtropical Warm TemperateWarm Warm TemperateWarm Humid Subtropical Humid Subtropical Dagana Lhamoy Zingkha 106 60 0 33 13 0 0 56.6 0.2 30.8 12.4 0.0 0.0 Dagana Nichula 139 97 0 41 1 0 0 69.5 0.0 29.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 Dagana Trashiding 40 11 0 21 7 0 0 29.0 0.3 52.6 18.2 0.0 0.0 Dagana Tsangkha 37 5 3 18 11 0 0 14.4 7.5 48.8 29.3 0.0 0.0 Dagana Tsendagang 96 29 2 41 24 0 0 30.3 1.6 43.2 24.9 0.0 0.0 Dagana Tseza 584 0 222 1 35 258 68 0.0 38.0 0.2 5.9 44.2 11.7 Gasa Goenkhame 149 0 32 0 2 55 60 0.0 21.2 0.0 1.4 37.1 40.3 Gasa Goenkhatoe 286 0 10 0 0 58 217 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 20.4 76.0 Gasa Laya 928 0 2 0 0 45 881 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 4.9 95 .0 Gasa Lunana 1,588 0 21 0 1 132 1,435 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 8.3 90.3 Ha Bji 749 0 3 0 0 165 581 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 22.0 77.6 Ha Gakidling 339 1 104 31 64 129 11 0.2 30.7 9.1 18.9 38.1 3.1 Ha Katsho 41 0 0 0 0 32 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78.2 21.8 Ha Sama 201 0 2 0 0 112 87 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 55.6 43.3 Ha Sangbay 508 0 175 15 67 179 73 0.0 34.3 2.9 13.3 35.2 14.4 Ha Uesu 66 0 0 0 0 53 13 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 80.0 19.2 Lhuentse Gangzur 535 0 149 1 47 224 115 0.0 27.9 0.1 8.7 41.9 21.4 Lhuentse Jaray 138 0 50 7 21 54 5 0.0 36.5 5.0 15.4 39.3 3.9 Lhuentse Khoma 649 0 96 1 22 165 366 0.0 14.7 0.1 3.4 25.5 56.3 Lhuentse Kurtoe 958 0 81 0 13 205 659 0.0 8.5 0.0 1.4 21.4 68.8 Lhuentse Menbi 89 0 40 5 22 21 1 0.0 45.4 5.7 24.8 23.3 0.8 Lhuentse Metsho 219 0 81 3 24 97 13 0.0 37.2 1.5 11.2 44.2 6.0 Lhuentse Minjay 138 0 51 3 23 55 6 0.0 37.2 2.1 16.8 39.6 4.4 Lhuentse Tsenkhar 125 0 39 10 23 52 1 0.0 30.9 7.8 18.4 41.7 1.2

~ 82 ~

Table 1c: Distribution of ageographical areas by agro-ecological zones across gewogs Distribution of area (sqkm) by agro-ecological zones Percent distribution of area by agro-ecological zones

Dzongkhag Gewog (SqKm) (SqKm) Total Total area Alpine Alpine (100-600) (100-600) (600-1200) (600-1200) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) (3600-7500) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) (3600-7500) Dry SubtropicalDry Dry SubtropicalDry Cool Temperate Cool Temperate Wet Subtropical Wet Wet Subtropical Wet Warm Warm Temperate Warm Warm Temperate Humid Subtropical Humid Subtropical Mongar Balam 27 0 14 3 8 3 0 0.0 50.6 10.5 28.9 10.0 0.0 Mongar Chali 24 1 6 9 8 1 0 3.7 24.3 36.4 32.6 3.0 0.0 Mongar Chaskhar 52 1 21 12 17 1 0 2.3 39.9 22.6 32.4 2.8 0.0 Mongar Drametse 50 1 12 19 17 1 0 2.0 23.1 38.4 35.0 1.5 0.0 Mongar Drepung 52 3 14 15 19 0 0 5.0 27.0 30.1 37.7 0.2 0.0 Mongar Gongdue 186 24 21 84 58 0 0 13.1 11.0 44.9 30.9 0.0 0.0 Mongar Jurmey 56 9 1 26 20 0 0 16.5 2.0 46.1 35.5 0.0 0.0 Mongar Kengkhar 99 10 20 32 37 0 0 10.1 20.1 32.1 37.7 0.0 0.0 Mongar Mongar 73 2 36 8 25 2 0 3.0 48.7 11.5 33.5 3.4 0.0 Mongar Narang 29 0 12 3 10 3 0 0.0 42.7 11.0 34.2 12.1 0.0 Mongar Ngatshang 72 0 35 7 23 7 0 0.0 49.0 10.0 31.7 9.4 0.0 Mongar Saleng 462 9 99 70 111 156 17 2.0 21.4 15.2 24.1 33.8 3.6 Mongar Sherigmuhung 298 0 71 5 31 182 9 0.0 23.9 1.7 10.3 61.0 3.1 Mongar Silambi 160 0 81 8 48 23 0 0.0 50.6 4.8 30.1 14.6 0.0 Mongar Thangrong 69 3 22 16 26 2 0 3.8 31.5 23.9 38.2 2.6 0.0 Mongar Tsakaling 89 0 36 10 20 22 1 0.1 40.7 11.1 23.1 24.5 0.6 Mongar Tsamang 144 0 58 18 45 19 3 0.0 40.3 12.8 31.4 13.4 2.1 Paro Doga 106 0 34 0 0 67 4 0.0 32.3 0.0 0.0 63.6 4.1 Paro Doteng 195 0 12 0 0 72 111 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.0 36.8 57.1 Paro Dposhari 34 0 13 0 0 21 0 0.0 36.9 0.0 0.0 62.2 0.8 Paro Hungrel 10 0 1 0 0 9 0 0.0 10.3 0.0 0.0 85.2 4.6 Paro Lamgong 49 0 17 0 0 28 4 0.0 34.9 0.0 0.0 56.6 8.6 Paro Lungnyi 76 0 13 0 0 55 8 0.0 17.1 0.0 0.0 72.3 10.6 Paro Naja 137 0 31 0 0 87 18 0.0 22.6 0.0 0.0 63.9 13.5

Table 1d: Distribution of ageographical areas by agro-ecological zones across gewogs

~ 83 ~

Distribution of area (sqkm) by agro-ecological zones Percent distribution of area by agro-ecological zones

Dzongkhag Gewog (SqKm) Total Total area Alpine Alpine Alpine (100-600) (100-600) (600-1200) (600-1200) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) (3600-7500) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) (3600-7500) Dry SubtropicalDry Dry SubtropicalDry Cool Temperate Cool Temperate Wet Subtropical Wet Wet Subtropical Wet Warm Warm Temperate Warm Warm Temperate Humid Subtropical Humid Subtropical Humid Subtropical Humid Subtropical Paro Shapa 80 0 26 0 0 50 4 0.0 31.9 0.0 0.0 62.6 5.6 Paro Tsento 580 0 15 0 0 147 418 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 25.3 72.1 Paro Wangchang 21 0 14 0 0 7 0 0.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.0 Pemagatshel Chhimung 53 9 3 27 14 0 0 17.3 5.1 51.1 26.6 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Chhokhorling 126 38 0 65 23 0 0 29.8 0.4 51.6 18.3 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Chongshing 31 0 4 11 17 0 0 0.3 11.5 34.8 53.3 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Dechhenling 137 34 0 78 25 0 0 24.5 0.2 57.3 18.0 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Dumgme 110 15 3 49 44 0 0 13.6 2.3 44.3 39.8 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Khar 114 3 18 35 58 0 0 2.2 15.9 31.1 50.8 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Nanong 82 0 27 19 35 0 0 0.0 33.2 23.6 43.0 0.2 0.0 Pemagatshel Norbugang 182 104 0 77 1 0 0 57.5 0.0 42.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Shumer 92 10 9 43 30 0 0 10.9 10.2 46.8 32.1 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Yurung 28 1 4 9 14 0 0 3.4 13.7 33.2 49.8 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Zobel 67 1 27 12 27 0 0 1.1 39.8 18.1 40.9 0.0 0.0 Punakha Bapisa 25 0 8 1 13 3 0 0.0 31.0 3.3 52.2 13.6 0.0 Punakha Chhubu 91 0 41 0 36 13 1 0.0 45.2 0.0 39.9 13.8 1.1 Punakha Dzoma 22 0 4 0 17 0 0 0.0 19.8 1.4 78.8 0.0 0.0 Punakha Goenshari 88 0 42 0 15 27 5 0.0 47.8 0.0 16.6 30.0 5.6 Punakha Guma 37 0 12 0 23 1 0 0.0 33.5 1.3 61.4 3.8 0.0 Punakha Kabjisa 206 0 75 0 22 87 22 0.0 36.4 0.0 10.5 42.3 10.8 Punakha Lingmukha 34 0 21 0 10 3 0 0.0 61.5 1.2 28.9 8.4 0.0 Punakha Shengana 62 0 35 0 6 21 0 0.0 56.4 0.0 9.4 33.5 0.7 Punakha Talo 26 0 18 0 7 0 0 0.0 69.9 0.0 29.2 0.9 0.0 Punakha Toepisa 103 0 59 0 7 36 0 0.0 57.6 0.0 6.7 35.4 0.4 Punakha Toewang 416 0 92 0 39 134 150 0.0 22.1 0.0 9.5 32.3 36.2

~ 84 ~

Table 1e: Distribution of ageographical areas by agro-ecological zones across gewogs Distribution of area (sqkm) by agro-ecological zones Percent distribution of area by agro-ecological zones

Dzongkhag Gewog (SqKm) Total Total area Alpine Alpine (100-600) (100-600) (600-1200) (600-1200) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) (3600-7500) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) (3600-7500) Dry Subtropical Dry Dry Subtropical Dry Cool Temperate Cool Temperate Wet Subtropical Wet Subtropical Warm Warm Temperate Warm Warm Temperate Humid Subtropical Humid Humid Subtropical Humid Samdrupjongkhar Deothang 195 112 4 53 26 0 0 57.6 2.3 27.0 13.1 0.0 0.0 Samdrupjongkhar Gomdar 81 0 25 17 37 2 0 0.0 31.2 20.5 46.1 2.2 0.0 Samdrupjongkhar Jangchhubling 163 9 19 64 71 0 0 5.7 11.6 39.0 43.7 0.0 0.0 Samdrupjongkhar Langchenphu 222 110 7 75 31 0 0 49.4 3.0 33.9 13.7 0.0 0.0 Samdrupjongkhar Lauri 275 0 139 6 62 63 5 0.0 50.5 2.1 22.6 23.0 1.8 Samdrupjongkhar Martshala 296 8 81 58 99 48 2 2.7 27.4 19.7 33.4 16.1 0.8 Samdrupjongkhar Pemethang 77 51 0 23 2 0 0 67.3 0.1 29.4 3.2 0.0 0.0 Samdrupjongkhar Phuntshothang 130 104 0 22 3 0 0 80.1 0.3 17.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 Samdrupjongkhar Samrang 51 28 0 19 4 0 0 55.4 0.0 37.0 7.6 0.0 0.0 Samdrupjongkhar Serthig 306 6 96 71 111 23 0 1.8 31.3 23.0 36.3 7.6 0.0 Samdrupjongkhar Wangphu 80 0 19 25 35 1 0 0.0 24.3 31.4 43.4 0.9 0.0 Samtse Bangra 188 0 81 14 44 40 9 0.0 43.4 7.4 23.2 21.3 4.8 Samtse Biru 51 6 6 26 13 0 0 12.4 11.9 50.3 25.4 0.0 0.0 Samtse Chargharay 38 15 2 16 5 0 0 40.0 5.3 41.3 13.4 0.0 0.0 Samtse Chengmari 117 24 26 33 24 9 0 20.9 22.4 28.4 20.8 7.5 0.0 Samtse Denchhukha 104 6 32 25 33 7 0 5.6 31.2 24.4 32.0 6.7 0.0 Samtse Dorokha 104 8 16 40 41 0 0 7.6 15.4 38.1 38.9 0.0 0.0 Samtse Namgayecholing 127 10 43 29 35 11 0 7.8 34.0 22.5 27.2 8.5 0.0 Samtse Pagli 102 57 0 37 8 0 0 55.6 0.0 36.4 8.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Samtse 115 41 5 47 21 0 0 35.9 4.5 41.1 18.5 0.0 0.0 Samtse Sipsu 27 25 0 2 0 0 0 92.6 0.0 7.4 0.0 0.0 0 .0 Samtse Tading 109 39 1 50 19 0 0 35.9 0.5 46.3 17.3 0.0 0.0 Samtse Tendruk 132 1 51 20 34 26 0 0.7 38.7 15.0 25.8 19.6 0.3

~ 85 ~

Table 1f: Distribution of ageographical areas by agro-ecological zones across gewogs Percent distribution of area by agro-ecological Distribution of area (sqkm) by agro-ecological zones zones

Dzongkhag Gewog (SqKm) Total Total area Alpine Alpine (100-600) (100-600) (600-1200) (600-1200) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) (3600-7500) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) (3600-7500) Dry SubtropicalDry Dry SubtropicalDry Cool Temperate Cool Temperate Wet Subtropical Wet Subtropical Wet Subtropical Wet Subtropical Warm TemperateWarm Warm TemperateWarm Humid Subtropical Humid Subtropical Samtse Ugyentse 19 13 0 5 0 0 0 70.2 0.0 27.9 1.8 0.0 0.0 Samtse Yoeseltse 23 17 0 4 1 0 0 74.3 0.1 19.2 6.4 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Bhur 55 25 0 20 9 0 0 46.3 0.5 35.9 17.3 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Chhuzargang 21 21 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Dekiling 113 39 5 42 27 0 0 34.8 4.2 37.2 23.9 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Doban 222 1 88 20 102 11 0 0.5 39.7 9.1 46.0 4.8 0.0 Sarpang Gelephu 54 33 0 16 6 0 0 60.3 0.0 29.3 10.4 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Hiley 142 21 22 58 41 0 0 15.1 15.7 40.5 28.8 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Jigmechoeling 501 11 205 70 174 36 6 2.1 40.9 14.0 34.7 7.2 1.1 Sarpang Senge 214 129 2 68 16 0 0 60.1 0.9 31.6 7.4 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Serzhong 78 29 3 35 12 0 0 36.5 3.9 44.3 15.3 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Shompangkha 21 16 0 6 0 0 0 73.8 0.0 26.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Taraythang 109 67 0 39 3 0 0 61.9 0.0 35.4 2.7 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Umling 122 36 25 43 19 0 0 29.7 20.0 34.9 15.2 0.3 0.0 Thimphu Chang 157 0 31 0 0 119 7 0.0 19.9 0.0 0.0 75.8 4.3 Thimphu Dagala 204 0 3 0 0 81 120 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 39.7 58.8 Thimphu Genye 61 0 10 0 0 43 7 0.0 17.1 0.0 0.0 71.4 11.6 Thimphu Kawang 298 0 22 0 0 150 126 0.0 7.2 0.0 0.0 50.4 42.4 Thimphu Lingzhi 385 0 0 0 0 4 381 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 99.0 Thimphu Mewang 230 0 45 0 0 140 45 0.0 19.7 0.0 0.0 60.9 19.4 Thimphu Naro 281 0 0 0 0 4 277 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 98.4 Thimphu Soe 176 0 0 0 0 0 176 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0

~ 86 ~

Table 1g: Distribution of ageographical areas by agro-ecological zones across gewogs Percent distribution of area by agro-ecological Distribution of area (sqkm) by agro-ecological zones zones

Dzongkhag Gewog (SqKm) Total Total area Alpine Alpine (100-600) (100-600) (600-1200) (600-1200) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) (3600-7500) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) (3600-7500) Dry SubtropicalDry Dry SubtropicalDry Cool Temperate Cool Temperate Wet Subtropical Wet Subtropical Wet Subtropical Wet Subtropical Warm TemperateWarm Warm TemperateWarm Humid Subtropical Humid Subtropical Trashigang Bartsham 35 0 12 8 14 0 0 0.0 34.9 23.2 40.6 1.2 0.0 Trashigang Bidung 46 0 17 5 16 9 0 0.0 36.3 10.3 33.4 20.0 0.0 Trashigang Kanglung 67 0 28 11 18 10 0 0.0 41.0 16.8 26.4 15.4 0.5 Trashigang Kangpara 344 0 141 0 27 153 22 0.0 41.2 0.0 7.9 44.4 6.5 Trashigang Khaling 156 0 90 0 28 37 1 0.0 57.7 0.1 17.8 23.6 0.8 Trashigang Lumang 106 0 47 7 49 3 0 0.0 44.7 6.2 46.4 2.7 0.0 Trashigang Merak 456 0 74 0 6 220 156 0.0 16.2 0.0 1.3 48.3 34.3 Trashigang Phongme 99 0 44 0 18 37 1 0.0 44.0 0.1 18.1 36.9 1.0 Trashigang Radi 29 0 14 1 12 2 0 0.0 47.7 5.1 41.6 5.6 0.0 Trashigang Sakteng 449 0 46 0 2 177 225 0.0 10.2 0.0 0.4 39.3 50.1 Trashigang Samkhar 91 0 32 14 22 21 1 0.0 35.8 15.2 24.7 23.0 1.3 Trashigang Shongphu 93 0 33 4 17 32 6 0.0 35.8 4.6 17.9 34.9 6.7 Trashigang Thrimshing 54 0 20 4 27 2 0 0.0 36.5 8.3 51.1 4.1 0.0 Trashigang Udzorong 100 2 22 29 47 0 0 2.4 22.0 28.6 47.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Yangnyer 74 0 23 13 23 15 0 0.0 30.7 17.2 31.5 20.7 0.0 Trashiyangtse Bumdeling 850 0 116 0 2 282 450 0.0 13.6 0.0 0.2 33.3 52.9 Trashiyangtse Jamkhar 52 0 18 7 15 12 0 0.0 34.2 13.0 28.9 24.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse Khamdang 45 0 15 6 15 10 0 0.0 32.7 13.1 32.1 22.1 0.0 Trashiyangtse Ramjar 22 0 8 5 10 0 0 0.0 33.8 23.5 42.7 0.1 0.0 Trashiyangtse Toetsho 49 0 18 5 12 14 0 0.0 37.7 9.3 24.6 28.5 0.0 Trashiyangtse Tongmijangsa 64 0 27 4 10 23 0 0.0 41.2 6.6 15.8 36.2 0.1 Trashiyangtse Yalang 90 0 35 9 20 25 1 0.0 38.7 10.1 21.8 28.4 1.0 Trashiyangtse Yangtse 275 0 113 0 16 131 16 0.0 41.1 0.0 5.7 47.5 5.8

~ 87 ~

Table 1h: Distribution of ageographical areas by agro-ecological zones across gewogs Percent distribution of area by agro-ecological Distribution of area (sqkm) by agro-ecological zones zones

Dzongkhag Gewog (SqKm) Total Total area Alpine Alpine (100-600) (100-600) (600-1200) (600-1200) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) (3600-7500) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) (3600-7500) Dry SubtropicalDry Dry SubtropicalDry Cool Temperate Cool Temperate Wet Subtropical Wet Subtropical Wet Subtropical Wet Subtropical Warm TemperateWarm Warm TemperateWarm Humid Subtropical Humid Subtropical Trongsa Dragteng 85 0 28 1 17 35 4 0.0 32.7 1.4 19.7 41.2 5.0 Trongsa Korphu 290 1 120 21 68 64 16 0.2 41.2 7.4 23.6 22.0 5.7 Trongsa Langthil 508 0 167 25 79 186 52 0.0 32.8 4.9 15.5 36.6 10.2 Trongsa Nubi 559 0 122 0 0 291 146 0.0 21.9 0.0 0.1 52.0 26.1 Trongsa Tangsibji 372 0 76 1 21 176 98 0.0 20.3 0.4 5.7 47.2 26.5 Tsirang Barshong 22 7 0 11 4 0 0 32.5 0.0 51.3 16.2 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Beteni 171 21 24 82 44 0 0 12.6 14.0 47.9 25.5 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Dunglagang 46 0 25 2 19 0 0 0.0 53.8 5.1 41.0 0.2 0.0 Tsirang Gosaling 10 1 0 7 2 0 0 5.0 0.0 72.8 22.3 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Kikhorthang 18 0 3 2 12 0 0 0.0 17.0 13.4 69.6 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Mendregang 15 1 1 6 7 0 0 4.9 3.9 43.5 47.7 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Patale 136 6 38 37 42 13 0 4.6 27.8 26.8 30.9 9.8 0.0 Tsirang Phuentenchhu 136 0 51 14 37 31 4 0.0 37.0 10.2 27.2 22.9 2.6 Tsirang Rangthangling 25 4 1 10 10 0 0 15.8 5.4 39.6 39.3 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Semjong 15 0 3 5 8 0 0 0.0 17.2 31.5 51.3 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Tsholingkhar 13 3 0 6 4 0 0 19.3 0.0 48.9 31.8 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Tsirangtoe 31 5 0 19 8 0 0 15.4 0.0 60.6 24.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Athang 778 2 245 65 146 255 64 0.3 31.5 8.4 18.8 32.8 8.2 Wangdue Bjene 119 0 34 0 12 69 3 0.0 28.9 0.0 10.3 57.9 2.9 Wangdue Daga 347 4 134 50 92 62 5 1.2 38.7 14.4 26.4 17.8 1.5 Wangdue Dangchhu 171 0 33 0 0 108 30 0.0 19.4 0.0 0.0 63.4 17.2 Wangdue Gangte 100 0 0 0 0 85 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85.1 15.0 Wangdue Gase Tshogom 29 0 14 1 13 2 0 0.0 47.5 3.4 43.5 5.7 0.0 Wangdue Gase Tshowom 208 0 66 3 12 92 35 0.0 31.9 1.5 6.0 44.0 16.6

~ 88 ~

Table 1i: Distribution of ageographical areas by agro-ecological zones across gewogs Percent distribution of area by agro-ecological Distribution of area (sqkm) by agro-ecological zones zones

Dzongkhag Gewog (SqKm) Total Total area Alpine Alpine (100-600) (100-600) (600-1200) (600-1200) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) (3600-7500) (1200-1800) (1800-2600) (2600-3600) (3600-7500) Dry SubtropicalDry Dry SubtropicalDry Cool Temperate Cool Temperate Wet Subtropical Wet Subtropical Wet Subtropical Wet Subtropical Warm TemperateWarm Warm TemperateWarm Humid Subtropical Humid Subtropical Wangdue Kazhi 627 0 59 0 2 171 394 0.0 9.5 0.0 0.4 27.3 62.8 Wangdue Nahi 68 0 32 0 6 29 0 0.0 47.4 0.0 9.3 42.6 0.7 Wangdue Nyisho 117 0 59 0 9 45 3 0.0 50.5 0.0 8.1 38.8 2.6 Wangdue Phangyuel 32 0 18 0 12 2 0 0.0 57.9 0.0 37.2 4.9 0.0 Wangdue Phobji 151 0 0 0 0 111 41 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73.1 26.9 Wangdue Ruipisa 159 0 54 7 34 63 0 0.0 34.2 4.7 21.5 39.5 0.0 Wangdue Sephu 1,052 0 1 0 0 194 856 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 18.5 81.4 Wangdue Thedtsho 20 0 4 2 15 0 0 0.0 17.8 7.9 73.9 0.4 0.0 Zhemgang Bardo 210 12 56 52 69 20 0 5.5 26.9 24.8 33.0 9.8 0.0 Zhemgang Bjoka 195 35 13 91 56 0 0 17.8 6.5 46.9 28.8 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Goshing 99 23 3 51 22 0 0 23.2 3.1 51.3 22.4 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Nangkor 493 15 137 61 105 132 44 3.0 27.8 12.3 21.3 26.7 8.9 Zhemgang Ngangla 216 69 4 98 44 0 0 32.2 1.7 45.6 20.5 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Phangkhar 537 121 29 246 141 0 0 22.6 5.4 45.8 26.2 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Shingkhar 309 2 122 23 69 82 10 0.7 39.6 7.6 22.4 26.5 3.2 Zhemgang Trong 359 11 108 93 141 5 1 3.1 30.0 25.8 39.2 1.5 0.3

~ 89 ~

Annexure: 3 Status of irrigation water supply as of 2013 Table 1a Irrigation channel, command area and benefiaciary households Total Functional Semi-functional % Area with chuzhing Dzongkhag Gewog Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary (Km) (ha) hhs (%) (%) hhs (%) (%) (%) hhs (%) (%) (%) hhs (%) Bumthang Chhoekhor 11.0 536.6 255.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 74.7 75.1 83.1 Bumthang Chhumig 1.6 60.8 31.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bumthang Tang 28.1 964.9 287.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44.2 34.2 39.7 Bumthang Ura 1.6 60.4 45.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Chhukha Bjagchhog 8.2 203.6 190.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Chhukha Bongo 11.1 402.8 207.0 58.4 71.4 73.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 58.4 71.4 73.4 Chhukha Chapchha 3.2 172.8 65.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Chhukha Darla 5.7 249.5 57.0 68.4 76.3 75.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 68.4 76.3 75.4 Chhukha Doongna 9.5 580.7 181.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Chhukha Geling 5.2 243.4 23.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Chhukha Getana 7.3 253.8 87.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Chhukha Loggchina 0.9 28.2 9.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Chhukha Maedtabkha 5.6 449.8 75.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Chhukha Phuentshogling 6.4 123.0 97.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Chhukha Samphelling 1.0 34.8 12.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Dagana Dorona 0.8 74.2 10.0 100.0 44.7 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 44.7 100.0 Dagana Drukjeygang 12.3 539.7 89.0 100.0 97.6 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 97.6 100.0 Dagana Gesarling 1.4 73.9 12.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Dagana Gozhi 31.7 1420.6 172.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Dagana Karmaling 5.4 302.9 62.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Dagana Karna 30.9 1722.9 285.0 92.2 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.7 87.5 83.5 Dagana Khebisa 20.1 557.2 126.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Dagana Largyab 6.1 193.5 40.0 84.9 70.7 75.0 15.1 29.3 25.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

~ 90 ~

Table 1b Irrigation channel, command area and benefiaciary households Total Functional Semi-functional % Area with chuzhing Dzongkhag Gewog Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary (Km) (ha) hhs (%) (%) hhs (%) (%) (%) hhs (%) (%) (%) hhs (%) Dagana Lhamoi Dzingkha 16.3 625.9 263.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59.4 70.4 68.4 Dagana Nichula 1.3 94.2 18.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Dagana Trashiding 31.3 678.7 245.0 91.4 91.0 94.3 1.2 1.2 0.8 92.6 92.2 95.1 Dagana Tsangkha 30.4 380.1 190.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Dagana Tsenda-Gang 11.4 579.5 114.0 49.1 76.9 36.8 50.9 23.1 63.2 77.2 76.5 78.1 Dagana Tseza 17.6 956.0 128.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Gasa Khamaed 6.2 159.9 54.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Gasa Khatoed 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Gasa Laya 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Gasa Lunana 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Haa Bji 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Haa Gakiling 15.7 485.8 121.0 77.0 94.0 93.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 77.0 94.0 93.4 Haa Kar-Tshog 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Haa Samar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Haa Sangbay 7.3 204.6 82.0 65.6 83.8 74.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 65.6 83.8 74.4 Haa Uesu 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lhuentse Gangzur 44.6 1083.1 434.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98.2 93.8 96.3 Lhuentse Jaray 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lhuentse Khoma 21.0 340.2 288.0 95.3 79.2 87.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 95.3 79.2 87.5 Lhuentse Kurtoed 14.8 455.4 224.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Lhuentse Maedtsho 7.3 163.0 110.0 87.4 94.7 95.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 87.4 94.7 95.5 Lhuentse Maenbi 56.5 1046.7 525.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Lhuentse Minjey 27.4 1293.6 357.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Lhuentse Tsaenkhar 15.1 488.3 160.0 100.0 96.3 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 96.3 100.0

~ 91 ~

Table 1c Irrigation channel, command area and benefiaciary households Total Functional Semi-functional % Area with chuzhing Dzongkhag Gewog Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary (Km) (ha) hhs (%) (%) hhs (%) (%) (%) hhs (%) (%) (%) hhs (%) Mongar Balam 4.0 58.0 81.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Mongar Chagsakhar 10.8 752.2 386.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Mongar Chhaling 9.8 444.9 351.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Mongar Dramedtse 8.2 162.0 303.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Mongar Drepoong 1.3 70.1 20.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Mongar Gongdue 3.1 151.5 21.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Mongar Jurmed 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mongar Kengkhar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mongar Monggar 2.7 97.4 43.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Mongar Na-Rang 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mongar Ngatshang 4.9 141.4 127.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Mongar Saling 8.0 227.1 104.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Mongar Shermuhoong 7.7 277.7 209.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Mongar Silambi 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mongar Thang-Rong 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mongar Tsakaling 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mongar Tsamang 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Paro Dokar 4.8 73.2 120.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Paro Dopshar Ri 36.4 625.8 1245.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Paro Doteng 12.8 365.4 325.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Paro Hoongrel 2.6 63.2 49.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Paro Lamgong 24.6 1207.3 650.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Paro Loongnyi 25.6 550.9 3735.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Paro Nagya 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

~ 92 ~

Table 1d Irrigation channel, command area and benefiaciary households Total Functional Semi-functional % Area with chuzhing Dzongkhag Gewog Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary (Km) (ha) hhs (%) (%) hhs (%) (%) (%) hhs (%) (%) (%) hhs (%) Paro Sharpa 10.7 543.4 352.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Paro Tsento 18.7 968.5 339.0 77.5 67.1 64.6 22.5 32.9 35.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 Paro Wangchang 19.9 934.3 399.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Pema Gatshel Chimoong 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pema Gatshel Choekhorling 3.6 131.1 103.0 41.7 56.1 70.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 41.7 56.1 70.9 Pema Gatshel Chongshing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pema Gatshel Dechhenling 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pema Gatshel Dungmaed 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pema Gatshel Khar 1.6 85.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pema Gatshel Nanong 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pema Gatshel Norboogang 10.2 514.9 220.0 23.4 58.7 29.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.4 58.7 29.5 Pema Gatshel Shumar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pema Gatshel Yurung 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pema Gatshel Zobel 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Barp 22.4 804.4 532.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Punakha Chhubu 41.3 898.2 815.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Punakha Dzomi 57.1 1310.0 610.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Punakha Goenshari 16.8 488.2 112.0 82.1 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 82.1 100.0 100.0 Punakha Guma 38.3 982.1 969.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97.8 100.0 98.5 Punakha Kabisa 31.6 1273.8 594.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90.5 89.9 94.3 Punakha Lingmukha 14.6 602.3 92.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Punakha Shenga-Bjemi 29.4 725.1 374.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Punakha Talog 135.0 351.6 2400.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Punakha Toedwang 41.6 881.2 2246.0 67.5 90.0 97.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 67.5 90.0 97.7 Punakha Toepisa 29.2 996.6 252.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

~ 93 ~

Table 1e Irrigation channel, command area and benefiaciary households Total Functional Semi-functional % Area with chuzhing Dzongkhag Gewog Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary (Km) (ha) hhs (%) (%) hhs (%) (%) (%) hhs (%) (%) (%) hhs (%) S/Jongkhar Dewathang 1.7 107.0 81.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 S/Jongkhar Gomdar 1.0 76.0 55.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 S/Jongkhar Jangchhubling 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 S/Jongkhar Langchenphu 4.9 193.0 107.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 S/Jongkhar Lauri 3.9 66.6 92.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 S/Jongkhar Martshala 3.4 61.0 34.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 S/Jongkhar Pemathang 17.4 867.0 295.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 S/Jongkhar Phuntshothang 33.1 1275.2 409.0 99.2 99.8 97.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 91.9 98.3 93.9 S/Jongkhar Samrang 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 S/Jongkhar Serthig 0.8 7.7 30.0 100.0 90.9 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 90.9 100.0 S/Jongkhar Wangphu 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Denchhukha 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Doomtoed 0.9 89.2 18.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Samtse Dophuchen 4.7 223.0 54.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Samtse Namgyelchhoeling 3.0 277.0 42.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Samtse Norboogang 10.2 514.9 220.0 23.4 58.7 29.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.4 58.7 29.5 Samtse Norgaygang 1.1 36.0 33.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Samtse Pemaling 12.5 597.4 265.0 65.0 85.3 58.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 65.0 85.3 58.5 Samtse Phuentsholpelri 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Samtse 6.6 660.3 88.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54.7 38.6 39.8 Sang-Ngag- Samtse 1.9 100.0 29.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Chhoeling Samtse Tading 2.0 41.5 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Tendruk 5.6 291.5 84.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

~ 94 ~

Table 1f Irrigation channel, command area and benefiaciary households Total Functional Semi-functional % Area with chuzhing Dzongkhag Gewog Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary (Km) (ha) hhs (%) (%) hhs (%) (%) (%) hhs (%) (%) (%) hhs (%) Samtse Trashichhoeling 14.3 1147.4 383.0 77.5 78.0 75.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 77.5 78.0 75.2 Samtse Ugentse 0.9 142.8 32.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Samtse Yoeseltse 13.3 1393.6 189.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Sarpang Chhudzom 3.6 111.0 54.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Chuzanggang 26.6 2343.2 962.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Sarpang Dekiling 20.5 1045.5 707.0 61.0 95.1 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61.0 95.1 25.0 Sarpang Gakiling 15.7 485.8 121.0 77.0 94.0 93.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 77.0 94.0 93.4 Sarpang Gelegphu 17.1 1088.9 365.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Sarpang Jigme Chhoeling 26.7 1080.0 276.0 99.3 89.4 97.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 99.3 89.4 97.8 Sarpang Samtenling 14.8 1305.9 183.0 88.5 95.9 87.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 88.5 95.9 87.4 Sarpang Senggey 11.3 335.3 155.0 87.6 80.6 82.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 87.6 80.6 82.6 Sarpang Sherzhong 15.9 764.7 246.0 92.8 87.3 88.6 3.2 6.2 4.1 96.0 93.5 92.7 Sarpang Shompangkha 15.1 669.3 122.0 21.6 28.1 32.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.6 28.1 32.0 Sarpang Tareythang 2.2 28.6 23.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Sarpang Umling 27.5 966.6 312.0 75.4 75.5 81.1 10.2 4.9 8.3 85.6 80.4 89.4 Thimphu Chang 7.7 227.7 189.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Thimphu Dakarla 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Ge-nyen 15.4 419.6 117.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70.9 52.8 34.2 Thimphu Kawang 11.6 130.1 75.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Thimphu Lingzhi 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Maedwang 51.1 1031.8 475.0 93.9 95.0 96.8 6.1 5.0 3.2 77.8 81.5 75.6 Thimphu Naro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Soe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

~ 95 ~

Table 1g Iggigation channel, command area and benefiaciary households Total Functional Semi-functional % Area with chuzhing Dzongkhag Gewog Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary (Km) (ha) hhs (%) (%) hhs (%) (%) (%) hhs (%) (%) (%) hhs (%)

Trashigang Bartsham 4.6 109.7 247.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Trashigang Bidoong 10.8 299.7 297.0 94.6 93.8 92.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 94.6 93.8 92.9 Trashigang Kanglung 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Kangpar 7.5 425.1 150.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Trashigang Khaling 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Lumang 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Merag 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Phongmed 8.1 336.1 730.0 100.0 100.0 88.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 88.4 Trashigang Radhi 16.5 2362.2 2143.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92.1 100.0 53.3 Trashigang Sagteng 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Samkhar 8.1 132.7 114.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Trashigang Shongphu 4.6 98.9 113.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Trashigang Thrimshing 0.9 97.4 270.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Trashigang Udzorong 6.0 39.9 377.0 23.5 30.1 6.6 29.6 69.9 84.9 53.1 100.0 91.5 Trashigang Yangnyer 9.3 37.1 330.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Trashiyangtse Boomdeling 16.3 183.3 240.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Trashiyangtse Jamkhar 14.5 82.8 227.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Trashiyangtse Khamdang 26.8 868.5 1328.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Trashiyangtse Ramjar 1.2 125.3 150.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Trashiyangtse Toedtsho 26.0 236.5 1000.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Trashiyangtse Tongmajangsa 12.4 436.3 95.0 81.5 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81.5 100.0 100.0 Trashiyangtse Yalang 15.2 365.1 348.0 64.3 73.7 87.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 58.0 62.4 65.5 Trashiyangtse Yangtse 25.7 503.0 338.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

~ 96 ~

Table 1h Irrigation channel, command area and benefiaciary households Total Functional Semi-functional % Area with chuzhing Dzongkhag Gewog Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary (Km) (ha) hhs (%) (%) hhs (%) (%) (%) hhs (%) (%) (%) hhs (%) Trongsa Draagteng 4.1 72.1 44.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Trongsa Korphu 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trongsa Langthil 16.3 349.7 115.0 81.6 76.1 89.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 81.6 76.1 89.6 Trongsa Nubi 20.7 305.7 202.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Trongsa Tangsibji 12.2 576.2 184.0 80.7 84.8 83.7 13.9 15.2 16.3 94.6 100.0 100.0 Tsirang Barshong 7.2 159.6 57.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Tsirang Doonglegang 15.8 623.2 137.0 82.3 88.4 87.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 82.3 88.4 87.6 Tsirang Gosarling 21.0 1050.1 213.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Tsirang Kilkhorthang 12.0 710.1 143.0 80.8 91.5 85.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 80.8 91.5 85.3 Tsirang Mendrelgang 8.1 312.3 57.0 54.9 68.3 71.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 54.9 68.3 71.9 Tsirang Patala 29.3 581.0 216.0 95.6 94.2 94.0 4.4 5.8 6.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Tsirang Patshaling 3.0 179.4 43.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Tsirang Phuntenchhu 16.6 369.5 194.0 95.5 80.5 88.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 95.5 80.5 88.1 Tsirang Rangthangling 4.5 130.1 28.0 64.8 60.6 46.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 64.8 60.6 46.4 Tsirang Shemjong 8.2 290.5 105.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Tsirang Tsholingkhar 31.2 753.8 269.0 86.5 70.8 94.4 13.5 29.2 5.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 Tsirang Tsirangtoed 5.1 167.7 28.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wangdue Athang 15.4 299.9 155.0 74.1 72.8 74.2 13.0 17.2 14.2 87.0 90.0 88.4 Wangdue Bjednag 56.5 1240.2 470.0 87.2 91.9 84.7 12.8 8.1 15.3 86.5 100.0 86.8 Wangdue Dangchhu 5.1 215.9 46.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Darkar 27.5 767.1 240.0 94.3 92.0 82.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.7 92.0 63.3 Wangdue Gangteng 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Gase Tshogongm 42.3 1110.0 396.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wangdue Gase Tshowogm 19.6 337.2 148.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

~ 97 ~

Table 1i Irrigation channel, command area and benefiaciary households Total Functional Semi-functional % Area with chuzhing Dzongkhag Gewog Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary Length Area Beneficiary (Km) (ha) hhs (%) (%) hhs (%) (%) (%) hhs (%) (%) (%) hhs (%) Wangdue Kazhi 20.5 110.4 155.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wangdue Nahi 22.7 653.5 139.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wangdue Nyishog 61.0 1180.7 1066.0 51.1 82.4 62.5 48.9 17.6 37.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wangdue Phangyuel 91.7 710.3 375.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wangdue Phobji 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Ruebisa 37.9 1326.1 259.0 95.0 97.7 95.4 5.0 2.3 4.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wangdue Saephu 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Thedtsho 25.5 771.6 159.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Zhemgang Bardo 25.3 745.0 370.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Zhemgang Bjoka 1.1 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Gozhing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Nangkor 9.8 234.8 144.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93.7 96.7 95.8 Zhemgang Ngangla 6.9 460.8 205.0 100.0 100.0 79.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 79.5 Zhemgang Phangkhar 1.6 0.0 19.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Shingkhar 11.3 512.1 191.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Zhemgang Trong 17.2 550.7 173.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.7 88.6 76.9

~ 98 ~

Annexure: 4. Proportion of rural households by landholding size in 2013 Table: 1a. Proportion of rural households by landholding size in 2013 % hhs by total land holding size % hhs by wetland holding size % hhs by dry land holding size Dzongkhag Gewog < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 Bumthang Chhoekhor 21.7 33.9 20.9 13.9 9.6 7.6 12.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.9 36.4 16.1 12.7 9.3 Bumthang Chhumig 15.0 38.0 16.0 15.0 16.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.6 36.9 15.5 14.6 15.5 Bumthang Tang 2.2 13.2 20.9 40.7 23.1 18.7 8.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 14.3 20.9 44.0 18.7 Bumthang Ura 21.6 61.4 11.4 4.5 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.6 61.4 11.4 4.5 1.1 Chhukha Bjagchhog 14.5 30.4 24.6 29.0 1.4 17.6 17.6 1.4 0.0 0.0 12.2 40.5 13.5 24.3 1.4 Chhukha Bongo 7.3 23.6 35.5 27.3 6.4 44.1 37.8 1.8 0.9 0.0 14.4 50.5 16.2 12.6 2.7 Chhukha Chapchha 21.2 46.2 19.2 13.5 0.0 31.4 5.7 1.0 0.0 0.0 29.5 39.0 18.1 11.4 0.0 Chhukha Darla 0.8 51.3 31.1 12.6 4.2 35.3 34.5 0.8 0.0 0.8 21.0 64.7 7.6 5.9 0.8 Chhukha Doongna 1.4 47.3 35.1 14.9 1.4 25.7 51.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.9 71.6 9.5 1.4 1.4 Chhukha Geling 2.3 14.0 14.0 20.9 48.8 22.7 31.8 18.2 4.5 2.3 4.5 22.7 15.9 34.1 15.9 Chhukha Getana 0.0 18.0 26.0 34.0 22.0 34.0 50.0 10.0 2.0 0.0 18.0 38.0 20.0 18.0 6.0 Chhukha Loggchina 0.0 15.2 22.2 29.3 33.3 23.2 17.2 2.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 32.3 22.2 27.3 15.2 Chhukha Maedtabkha 0.0 14.3 30.2 46.0 9.5 20.6 39.7 4.8 0.0 0.0 1.6 33.3 33.3 25.4 6.3 Chhukha Phuentshogling 8.1 39.4 16.2 18.2 18.2 15.2 17.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 9.1 50.5 11.1 13.1 13.1 Chhukha Sampheling 11.1 53.3 18.9 13.3 3.3 25.3 22.0 1.1 1.1 0.0 27.5 49.5 8.8 3.3 3.3 Dagana Dorona 4.2 26.8 35.2 31.0 2.8 12.7 29.6 1.4 4.2 0.0 8.5 54.9 29.6 7.0 0.0 Dagana Drukjeygang 10.4 40.0 20.0 24.0 5.6 28.8 20.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 9.6 49.6 17.6 13.6 4.0 Dagana Gesarling 13.4 37.8 34.1 11.0 3.7 20.7 34.1 4.9 0.0 0.0 24.4 51.2 14.6 6.1 0.0 Dagana Gozhi 5.0 26.7 31.7 31.7 5.0 15.8 52.5 6.9 0.0 0.0 10.9 63.4 11.9 9.9 0.0 Dagana Karmaling 0.0 63.1 25.0 10.7 1.2 26.1 42.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.9 65.9 4.5 0.0 0.0 Dagana Karna 1.9 27.4 23.6 34.9 12.3 18.3 45.0 11.9 4.6 0.0 9.2 33.0 19.3 25.7 2.8 Dagana Khebisa 2.7 27.4 31.0 33.6 5.3 12.2 61.7 7.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 61.7 20.0 9.6 1.7 Dagana Largyab 6.8 26.0 35.6 27.4 4.1 16.4 34.2 1.4 1.4 0.0 9.6 42.5 21.9 19.2 2.7 Dagana Lhamoidzingkha 52.1 27.4 13.7 5.5 1.4 26.7 13.3 6.7 1.0 0.0 20.0 16.2 1.9 1.0 0.0 Dagana Nichula 14.6 35.4 18.8 25.0 6.3 16.7 25.9 13.0 5.6 0.0 29.6 35.2 16.7 3.7 1.9 Dagana Tashiding 11.4 22.9 45.7 17.1 2.9 16.2 20.0 8.6 1.0 1.0 11.4 40.0 35.2 4.8 1.9 Dagana Tsangkha 2.1 37.2 36.2 20.2 4.3 16.0 22.3 4.3 2.1 0.0 4.3 47.9 30.9 9.6 2.1

~ 99 ~

Table: 1b. Proportion of rural households by landholding size in 2013 % hhs by total land holding size % hhs by wetland holding size % hhs by dry land holding size Dzongkhag Gewog < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 Dagana Tsendagang 7.6 43.8 27.6 21.0 0.0 26.7 21.9 4.8 0.0 0.0 22.9 48.6 17.1 6.7 0.0 Dagana Tseza 8.3 38.1 22.6 23.8 7.1 25.0 58.3 9.5 0.0 0.0 16.7 51.2 14.3 8.3 1.2 Gasa Khamaed 13.3 61.7 18.3 6.7 0.0 30.0 61.7 3.3 1.7 0.0 43.3 30.0 8.3 0.0 0.0 Gasa Khatoed 11.1 63.9 22.2 2.8 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.9 63.9 19.4 2.8 0.0 Gasa Laya 69.9 30.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68.7 30.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Gasa Lunana 83.6 16.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 82.1 16.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Haa Bji 17.3 60.2 16.3 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 58.0 15.0 5.0 0.0 Haa Gakiling 5.2 37.7 18.2 31.2 7.8 10.3 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.1 39.7 17.9 28.2 7.7 Haa Kartshog 3.4 52.5 32.2 10.2 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.1 64.4 16.9 10.2 1.7 Haa Samar 29.0 54.8 12.9 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29.0 58.1 9.7 3.2 0.0 Haa Sombaykha 3.3 32.2 28.9 24.4 11.1 18.9 18.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.1 58.9 14.4 10.0 2.2 Haa Uesu 10.3 62.1 17.2 10.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 70.0 13.3 3.3 0.0 Lhuentse Gangzur 19.6 50.0 19.6 8.7 2.2 44.7 27.7 4.3 0.0 0.0 40.4 42.6 10.6 4.3 0.0 Lhuentse Jarey 5.9 67.1 12.9 12.9 1.2 41.2 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.2 69.4 11.8 9.4 1.2 Lhuentse Khoma 13.8 33.0 38.3 13.8 1.1 30.9 42.6 2.1 0.0 0.0 23.4 47.9 22.3 6.4 0.0 Lhuentse Kurtoed 11.0 37.0 21.9 26.0 4.1 26.0 54.8 5.5 5.5 0.0 28.8 38.4 26.0 4.1 1.4 Lhuentse Maedtsho 21.3 62.9 13.5 1.1 1.1 55.1 23.6 0.0 0.0 1.1 38.2 59.6 1.1 1.1 0.0 Lhuentse Maenbi 5.3 67.0 14.9 12.8 0.0 35.1 51.1 7.4 2.1 0.0 28.7 53.2 8.5 2.1 0.0 Lhuentse Minjey 10.4 35.4 26.0 19.8 8.3 36.5 39.6 8.3 1.0 2.1 25.0 35.4 16.7 14.6 3.1 Lhuentse Tsaenkhar 0.0 24.3 32.4 29.7 13.5 37.8 29.7 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 37.8 21.6 27.0 13.5 Monggar Balam 0.0 71.4 21.4 7.1 0.0 42.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78.6 17.9 3.6 0.0 Monggar Chagsakhar 20.0 65.0 12.5 2.5 0.0 80.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.0 52.5 7.5 0.0 0.0 Monggar Chhaling 16.0 52.0 8.0 16.0 8.0 42.3 23.1 3.8 0.0 3.8 30.8 38.5 19.2 0.0 3.8 Monggar Dramedtse 0.0 61.5 19.2 19.2 0.0 61.5 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 61.5 19.2 15.4 0.0 Monggar Drepoong 20.7 58.6 17.2 3.4 0.0 27.6 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.1 69.0 3.4 3.4 0.0 Monggar Gongdue 13.3 46.7 13.3 20.0 6.7 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 46.7 6.7 20.0 6.7 Monggar Jurmed 34.6 65.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.6 65.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Monggar Kengkhar 42.9 53.6 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42.9 53.6 3.6 0.0 0.0

~ 100 ~

Table: 1c. Proportion of rural households by landholding size in 2013 % hhs by total land holding size % hhs by wetland holding size % hhs by dry land holding size Dzongkhag Gewog < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 Monggar Monggar 22.0 58.5 14.6 4.9 0.0 44.4 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 26.7 46.7 11.1 4.4 0.0 Monggar Narang 3.0 39.4 39.4 18.2 0.0 45.5 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 48.5 33.3 15.2 0.0 Monggar Ngatshang 7.7 50.0 11.5 23.1 7.7 84.6 3.8 3.8 0.0 0.0 11.5 50.0 11.5 26.9 0.0 Monggar Saling 6.7 63.3 10.0 20.0 0.0 26.7 13.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 70.0 16.7 6.7 0.0 Monggar Shermuhoong 6.3 81.3 12.5 0.0 0.0 71.9 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 84.4 6.3 0.0 0.0 Monggar Silambi 4.8 52.4 19.0 19.0 4.8 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 57.1 14.3 19.0 4.8 Monggar Thangrong 0.0 81.5 18.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 82.1 14.3 0.0 0.0 Monggar Tsakaling 12.1 66.7 9.1 9.1 3.0 48.5 12.1 3.0 0.0 0.0 24.2 66.7 3.0 6.1 0.0 Monggar Tsamang 0.0 25.0 25.0 41.7 8.3 37.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37.5 16.7 37.5 8.3 Paro Dokar 11.8 26.5 23.5 35.3 2.9 20.6 8.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.6 29.4 26.5 20.6 2.9 Paro Dopsharri 33.3 48.5 15.2 3.0 0.0 36.1 41.7 2.8 0.0 0.0 30.6 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 Paro Doteng 23.3 46.7 16.7 6.7 6.7 16.7 53.3 20.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 20.0 0.0 6.7 0.0 Paro Hoongrel 44.8 34.5 13.8 3.4 3.4 30.0 23.3 3.3 0.0 0.0 53.3 23.3 10.0 0.0 0.0 Paro Lamgong 19.7 61.8 9.2 7.9 1.3 31.6 53.9 5.3 0.0 1.3 64.5 7.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 Paro Loongnyi 17.9 35.7 28.6 17.9 0.0 25.0 46.4 10.7 3.6 0.0 35.7 42.9 7.1 0.0 0.0 Paro Najya 5.0 67.5 22.5 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 65.0 22.5 5.0 0.0 Paro Sharpa 13.3 50.0 20.0 10.0 6.7 20.0 60.0 6.7 3.3 3.3 43.3 30.0 3.3 3.3 0.0 Paro Tsento 3.3 30.0 33.3 20.0 13.3 20.0 60.0 10.0 6.7 0.0 23.3 50.0 13.3 6.7 6.7 Paro Wangchang 17.9 53.6 10.7 17.9 0.0 33.3 33.3 3.3 10.0 0.0 40.0 13.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Chhimoong 20.6 58.7 14.3 1.6 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.9 57.8 12.5 1.6 4.7 Pemagatshel Chhoekhorling 3.6 23.6 40.0 30.9 1.8 25.5 7.3 1.8 0.0 0.0 3.6 63.6 18.2 14.5 0.0 Pemagatshel Chongshing 12.3 63.0 15.1 5.5 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.9 61.6 9.6 2.7 4.1 Pemagatshel Dechhenling 0.0 17.6 30.8 47.3 4.4 18.7 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 31.9 44.0 19.8 3.3 Pemagatshel Dungmaed 8.6 67.9 21.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.9 67.9 21.0 1.2 0.0 Pemagatshel Khar 74.7 13.9 10.1 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 72.8 14.8 8.6 0.0 1.2 Pemagatshel Nanong 5.2 39.7 31.9 21.6 1.7 25.9 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.2 40.5 31.9 20.7 1.7 Pemagatshel Norboogang 1.1 24.4 36.7 16.7 21.1 11.1 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 54.4 15.6 13.3 12.2 Pemagatshel Shumar 36.4 54.2 5.1 2.5 1.7 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51.7 44.1 0.8 1.7 1.7

~ 101 ~

Table: 1d. Proportion of rural households by landholding size in 2013 % hhs by total land holding size % hhs by wetland holding size % hhs by dry land holding size Dzongkhag Gewog < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 Pemagatshel Yurung 42.0 56.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 14.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 46.9 51.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Zobel 39.6 52.5 5.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39.6 52.5 5.0 3.0 0.0 Punakha Barp 38.7 45.3 6.7 5.3 4.0 28.9 38.6 7.2 2.4 3.6 24.1 6.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 Punakha Chhubu 33.7 47.1 11.5 6.7 1.0 36.5 46.2 11.5 2.9 0.0 67.3 2.9 0.0 0.0 1.0 Punakha Dzomi 37.5 52.9 5.8 2.9 1.0 39.0 50.5 5.7 2.9 0.0 19.0 2.9 0.0 1.0 0.0 Punakha Goenshari 10.7 58.9 17.9 10.7 1.8 12.1 62.1 20.7 1.7 0.0 12.1 8.6 6.9 0.0 0.0 Punakha Guma 44.5 40.0 10.0 5.5 0.0 47.7 31.5 7.2 4.5 0.0 25.2 6.3 1.8 0.0 0.0 Punakha Kabisa 35.4 58.2 5.1 1.3 0.0 39.2 45.6 5.1 0.0 0.0 62.0 12.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Lingmukha 20.0 36.9 20.0 16.9 6.2 20.0 46.2 18.5 6.2 4.6 55.4 32.3 1.5 1.5 0.0 Punakha Shelngabjemi 18.7 61.3 10.7 8.0 1.3 18.7 62.7 8.0 8.0 1.3 6.7 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Talog 20.3 65.8 10.1 3.8 0.0 32.5 32.5 3.8 1.3 0.0 58.8 31.3 3.8 0.0 0.0 Punakha Toedpaisa 29.6 51.3 8.7 6.1 4.3 34.8 47.8 3.5 5.2 1.7 27.8 16.5 1.7 0.0 1.7 Punakha Toedwang 20.9 50.5 14.3 14.3 0.0 23.1 49.5 15.4 7.7 0.0 71.4 15.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar Dewathang 48.0 28.0 8.0 16.0 0.0 5.3 7.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.2 18.4 7.9 2.6 0.0 S/jongkhar Gomdar 2.1 59.6 27.7 10.6 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 87.2 6.4 4.3 0.0 S/jongkhar Langchenphu 7.1 21.4 42.9 28.6 0.0 10.7 32.1 21.4 7.1 0.0 17.9 53.6 17.9 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar Lauri 0.0 72.2 20.4 7.4 0.0 42.6 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 79.6 14.8 3.7 0.0 S/jongkhar Martshala 2.1 41.7 22.9 22.9 10.4 12.5 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 58.3 16.7 20.8 0.0 S/jongkhar Orong 4.3 72.3 19.1 2.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 74.5 17.0 2.1 2.1 S/jongkhar Pemathang 6.9 65.5 24.1 3.4 0.0 3.4 69.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 55.2 34.5 3.4 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar Phuentshogthang 4.5 56.8 27.3 11.4 0.0 4.4 77.8 8.9 2.2 0.0 31.1 28.9 2.2 4.4 0.0 S/jongkhar Samrang 0.0 11.1 83.3 5.6 0.0 11.1 83.3 5.6 0.0 0.0 11.1 66.7 16.7 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar Serthig 0.0 21.4 57.1 17.9 3.6 10.3 10.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51.7 37.9 3.4 3.4 S/jongkhar Wangphu 0.0 21.2 45.5 27.3 6.1 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.3 63.6 6.1 3.0 Samtse Doomtoed 13.0 53.3 23.9 7.6 2.2 19.6 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 59.8 10.9 3.3 1.1 Samtse Dophugchen 10.8 57.7 20.7 8.1 2.7 25.9 24.1 1.8 0.9 0.0 32.1 55.4 2.7 2.7 0.9 Samtse Duenchhukha 6.3 46.3 26.3 17.9 3.2 28.1 46.9 5.2 2.1 1.0 29.2 54.2 5.2 4.2 0.0 Samtse Namgaychhoeling 4.8 35.2 29.5 26.7 3.8 37.1 37.1 7.6 1.0 0.0 20.0 59.0 12.4 6.7 1.0

~ 102 ~

Table: 1e. Proportion of rural households by landholding size in 2013 % hhs by total land holding size % hhs by wetland holding size % hhs by dry land holding size Dzongkhag Gewog < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 Samtse Norboogang 9.3 35.2 40.7 13.9 0.9 21.3 46.3 3.7 1.9 0.0 26.9 50.9 6.5 2.8 0.0 Samtse Norgaygang 2.9 18.4 21.4 33.0 24.3 19.4 16.5 6.8 2.9 0.0 6.8 33.0 23.3 24.3 10.7 Samtse Pemaling 8.6 50.0 31.9 8.6 0.9 39.7 45.7 2.6 0.9 0.0 31.9 55.2 7.8 0.9 0.0 Samtse Phuentshogpelri 12.0 63.0 9.0 9.0 7.0 23.0 10.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 22.0 58.0 8.0 6.0 5.0 Samtse Samtse 4.5 29.7 27.0 36.0 2.7 23.4 27.0 3.6 1.8 0.0 15.3 46.8 33.3 4.5 0.0 Samtse Sangagchhoeling 2.9 28.8 42.3 22.1 3.8 21.2 51.0 15.4 3.8 0.0 20.2 56.7 18.3 2.9 1.9 Samtse Tading 6.5 29.8 22.6 38.7 2.4 19.4 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.5 39.5 29.8 14.5 0.0 Samtse Tendruk 11.9 35.6 20.8 25.7 5.9 33.7 20.8 2.0 1.0 0.0 24.8 41.6 15.8 13.9 1.0 Samtse Trashichhoeling 10.3 38.1 38.1 12.4 1.0 18.6 47.4 14.4 4.1 0.0 33.0 50.5 5.2 1.0 0.0 Samtse Ugyentse 4.9 31.7 47.6 14.6 1.2 20.7 46.3 19.5 2.4 0.0 22.0 52.4 15.9 3.7 0.0 Samtse Yoeseltse 0.0 25.2 57.7 14.4 2.7 9.9 60.4 22.5 2.7 0.0 17.1 70.3 9.0 0.9 1.8 Sarpang Chhudzom 2.9 27.5 28.4 31.4 9.8 19.6 25.5 3.9 1.0 0.0 12.7 51.0 23.5 9.8 2.9 Sarpang Chhuzangang 0.0 9.9 84.0 6.2 0.0 8.6 58.0 22.2 1.2 0.0 19.8 63.0 7.4 1.2 0.0 Sarpang Dekiling 6.4 35.5 40.9 16.4 0.9 24.5 23.6 0.9 0.9 0.0 20.0 38.2 33.6 1.8 0.0 Sarpang Gakiling 4.9 40.8 30.1 20.4 3.9 31.7 26.0 5.8 0.0 0.0 20.2 48.1 17.3 4.8 2.9 Sarpang Gelegphu 35.2 20.9 36.3 6.6 1.1 7.7 33.0 11.0 2.2 0.0 45.1 34.1 12.1 1.1 1.1 Sarpang Jigmechoeling 1.0 43.6 44.6 8.9 2.0 7.8 43.1 13.7 1.0 0.0 32.4 60.8 1.0 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Samtenling 7.3 43.8 36.5 11.5 1.0 6.1 29.6 9.2 0.0 0.0 17.3 62.2 14.3 2.0 0.0 Sarpang Senggey 0.0 9.0 69.2 19.2 2.6 2.6 70.5 19.2 0.0 1.3 12.8 79.5 1.3 1.3 0.0 Sarpang Serzhong 6.8 22.3 29.1 21.4 20.4 25.2 44.7 5.8 0.0 0.0 10.7 45.6 35.0 3.9 0.0 Sarpang Shompangkha 6.7 36.7 34.4 20.0 2.2 16.7 28.9 2.2 1.1 1.1 11.1 55.6 21.1 8.9 1.1 Sarpang Tareythang 0.0 2.0 92.2 5.9 0.0 3.9 41.2 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80.4 19.6 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Umling 0.0 3.6 56.0 39.3 1.2 4.8 71.4 7.1 0.0 1.2 3.6 64.3 22.6 2.4 0.0 Thimphu Chang 31.3 46.9 17.2 3.1 1.6 0.0 7.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 32.8 44.8 13.4 1.5 1.5 Thimphu Darkarla 94.7 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 94.7 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Genyen 21.8 54.5 20.0 3.6 0.0 9.1 5.5 3.6 0.0 0.0 32.7 49.1 14.5 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Kawang 54.3 37.1 7.1 1.4 0.0 35.7 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 65.7 25.7 7.1 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Lingzhi 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

~ 103 ~

Table: 1f. Proportion of rural households by landholding size in 2013 % hhs by total land holding size % hhs by wetland holding size % hhs by dry land holding size Dzongkhag Gewog < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 Thimphu Maedwang 37.1 41.0 12.4 8.6 1.0 42.5 17.0 2.8 0.9 0.0 43.4 30.2 4.7 4.7 0.0 Thimphu Naro 81.8 18.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Soe 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Bartsham 11.6 83.7 4.7 0.0 0.0 74.4 14.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51.2 48.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Bidoong 58.2 40.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 77.5 7.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 76.6 20.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Kanglung 15.3 72.9 10.2 1.7 0.0 58.8 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.6 61.3 8.4 0.8 0.0 Trashigang Kangpar 31.1 57.8 4.4 4.4 2.2 46.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 44.4 46.7 6.7 2.2 0.0 Trashigang Khaling 13.0 68.5 13.0 4.3 1.1 33.7 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.4 66.3 12.0 2.2 1.1 Trashigang Lumang 7.6 55.1 19.5 16.1 1.7 4.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.6 55.9 21.2 13.6 1.7 Trashigang Merag 91.9 8.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 89.9 8.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Phongmed 36.9 56.8 6.3 0.0 0.0 67.6 21.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 66.7 29.7 0.9 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Radhi 45.4 50.0 3.7 0.9 0.0 73.4 20.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 82.6 14.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Sagteng 86.7 13.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 86.7 13.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Samkhar 10.1 75.2 12.8 1.8 0.0 69.7 6.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.0 71.6 6.4 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Shongphu 16.2 63.1 15.3 5.4 0.0 60.2 11.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.0 65.5 5.3 4.4 0.0 Trashigang Thrimshing 6.1 63.5 19.1 9.6 1.7 30.4 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.2 67.8 11.3 7.8 0.9 Trashigang Udzorong 12.4 68.1 16.8 2.7 0.0 28.3 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.2 77.0 8.0 0.9 0.0 Trashigang Yangnyer 27.0 57.4 11.3 3.5 0.9 33.0 4.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 27.8 57.4 9.6 4.3 0.0 Trashiyangtse Boomdeling 13.5 45.9 29.7 10.8 0.0 27.0 48.6 2.7 2.7 0.0 27.0 62.2 8.1 2.7 0.0 Trashiyangtse Jamkhar 28.6 67.9 0.0 3.6 0.0 53.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35.7 60.7 0.0 3.6 0.0 Trashiyangtse Khamdang 10.5 43.9 36.8 8.8 0.0 35.1 29.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.8 52.6 24.6 5.3 0.0 Trashiyangtse Ramjar 51.5 45.5 3.0 0.0 0.0 69.7 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60.6 39.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse Toedtsho 6.5 50.0 21.7 19.6 2.2 63.0 17.4 2.2 0.0 0.0 17.4 43.5 21.7 13.0 2.2 Trashiyangtse Tongmajangsa 62.1 34.5 3.4 0.0 0.0 63.3 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73.3 13.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse Yalang 27.3 68.2 4.5 0.0 0.0 75.0 18.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.0 22.7 2.3 0.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse Yangtse 19.1 61.7 12.8 6.4 0.0 44.7 42.6 2.1 2.1 0.0 63.8 27.7 6.4 0.0 0.0 Trongsa Draagteng 8.3 29.6 20.4 36.1 5.6 36.1 45.4 4.6 1.9 0.0 15.7 35.2 17.6 26.9 0.9 Trongsa Korphu 0.0 10.0 56.7 33.3 0.0 16.7 83.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80.0 20.0 0.0 0.0

~ 104 ~

Table: 1g. Proportion of rural households by landholding size in 2013 % hhs by total land holding size % hhs by wetland holding size % hhs by dry land holding size Dzongkhag Gewog < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 Trongsa Langthil 5.2 29.2 19.8 35.4 10.4 39.2 37.1 1.0 3.1 0.0 16.5 29.9 23.7 21.6 6.2 Trongsa Nubi 12.3 24.5 21.7 24.5 17.0 38.7 37.7 8.5 0.0 0.0 18.9 27.4 16.0 24.5 9.4 Trongsa Tangsibji 40.6 25.5 16.0 15.1 2.8 31.1 20.8 5.7 0.9 0.9 48.1 26.4 11.3 8.5 0.0 Tsirang Barshong 0.0 26.2 48.8 20.2 4.8 11.9 50.0 11.9 0.0 0.0 9.5 52.4 25.0 11.9 0.0 Tsirang Doonglagang 5.4 23.0 43.2 21.6 6.8 10.8 40.5 16.2 0.0 0.0 18.9 37.8 32.4 4.1 1.4 Tsirang Gosarling 6.5 32.3 45.2 12.9 3.2 12.9 48.4 12.9 0.0 0.0 25.8 41.9 16.1 3.2 0.0 Tsirang Kilkhorthang 6.7 20.0 40.0 26.7 6.7 16.7 43.3 23.3 3.3 0.0 16.7 53.3 13.3 6.7 3.3 Tsirang Mendrelgang 3.3 23.3 60.0 13.3 0.0 10.0 43.3 10.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 50.0 43.3 3.3 0.0 Tsirang Patshaling 3.3 50.0 30.0 13.3 3.3 13.3 23.3 3.3 0.0 0.0 13.3 53.3 16.7 13.3 0.0 Tsirang Phungtenchhu 6.7 30.0 26.7 36.7 0.0 16.7 36.7 13.3 3.3 0.0 10.0 66.7 10.0 10.0 0.0 Tsirang Rangthangling 3.1 59.4 25.0 9.4 3.1 6.3 31.3 6.3 0.0 0.0 3.1 78.1 9.4 3.1 0.0 Tsirang Semjong 13.3 36.7 20.0 26.7 3.3 30.0 36.7 3.3 0.0 0.0 16.7 53.3 13.3 16.7 0.0 Tsirang Sergithang 0.0 26.7 40.0 30.0 3.3 13.3 36.7 13.3 0.0 0.0 3.3 50.0 20.0 20.0 0.0 Tsirang Tsholingkhar 0.0 40.0 43.3 13.3 3.3 23.3 56.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 70.0 13.3 3.3 3.3 Tsirang Tsirangtoed 3.3 36.7 46.7 13.3 0.0 10.0 60.0 6.7 0.0 0.0 6.7 80.0 10.0 3.3 0.0 Wangdue Athang 18.8 64.7 8.2 8.2 0.0 29.1 50.0 2.3 1.2 0.0 40.7 32.6 7.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Bjednag 9.9 49.5 24.2 14.3 2.2 12.6 64.2 8.4 4.2 0.0 32.6 40.0 8.4 2.1 0.0 Wangdue Dangchhu 13.3 69.9 13.3 3.6 0.0 28.9 14.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.7 67.5 8.4 1.2 0.0 Wangdue Darkar 27.8 40.2 16.5 15.5 0.0 25.5 48.0 12.2 2.0 0.0 37.8 21.4 8.2 2.0 0.0 Wangdue Gangteng 12.6 71.6 15.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 70.8 15.6 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Gase Tshogom 19.5 63.4 4.9 9.8 2.4 24.4 61.0 6.1 7.3 1.2 36.6 9.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Gase Tshowom 13.5 67.3 9.6 7.7 1.9 23.1 51.9 11.5 7.7 0.0 28.8 11.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Kazhi 23.8 46.3 15.0 13.8 1.3 35.0 27.5 8.8 2.5 0.0 30.0 52.5 8.8 1.3 0.0 Wangdue Nahi 20.4 63.4 8.6 6.5 1.1 26.6 52.1 6.4 2.1 0.0 51.1 16.0 3.2 2.1 0.0 Wangdue Nyishog 20.0 45.9 21.2 11.8 1.2 27.1 44.7 14.1 8.2 0.0 62.4 15.3 4.7 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Phangyuel 30.6 43.5 15.3 9.4 1.2 29.4 43.5 10.6 3.5 0.0 74.1 18.8 2.4 1.2 0.0 Wangdue Phobji 6.2 79.6 11.5 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.2 79.6 11.5 2.7 0.0 Wangdue Ruebisa 17.4 48.8 20.7 11.6 1.7 14.0 49.6 14.0 5.8 0.8 52.9 22.3 4.1 1.7 0.0

~ 105 ~

Table: 1h. Proportion of rural households by landholding size in 2013 % hhs by total land holding size % hhs by wetland holding size % hhs by dry land holding size Dzongkhag Gewog < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 < 1 1-3 3-5 5-10 > 10 Wangdue Saephu 38.4 50.5 7.1 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38.4 50.5 7.1 4.0 0.0 Wangdue Thedtsho 32.6 56.5 9.8 1.1 0.0 37.0 54.3 4.3 1.1 0.0 52.2 2.2 1.1 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Bardo 2.2 20.4 22.6 51.6 3.2 41.9 48.4 3.2 1.1 0.0 7.5 37.6 33.3 20.4 1.1 Zhemgang Bjoka 0.0 25.4 23.9 35.8 14.9 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 34.3 28.4 26.9 9.0 Zhemgang Goshing 0.0 10.5 39.5 41.9 8.1 23.3 15.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 46.5 29.1 20.9 2.3 Zhemgang Nangkor 5.8 39.4 26.0 25.0 3.8 26.9 59.6 1.0 1.0 0.0 20.2 46.2 21.2 10.6 0.0 Zhemgang Ngangla 3.3 23.9 21.7 44.6 6.5 32.6 29.3 3.3 0.0 0.0 14.1 31.5 32.6 14.1 5.4 Zhemgang Phangkhar 0.0 8.1 17.6 63.5 10.8 13.2 23.7 1.3 0.0 0.0 1.3 18.4 34.2 36.8 6.6 Zhemgang Shingkhar 14.0 69.8 11.6 4.7 0.0 44.4 34.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.3 66.7 3.3 1.1 0.0 Zhemgang Trong 2.2 23.9 31.5 37.0 5.4 20.7 57.6 2.2 0.0 0.0 5.4 46.7 18.5 21.7 1.1

~ 106 ~

Annexure: 5. Proportion of rural households by improved and local cattle holding size in 2013 Table: 1a. Proportion of rural households by improved and local cattle holding size in 2013 % Improved cattle holders % Local cattle holders Dzongkhag Gewog < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 Bumthang Chhoekhor 38.9 44.4 14.3 1.6 0.4 0.4 97.3 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bumthang Chhumig 40.4 46.8 11.0 0.9 0.9 0.0 10.0 85.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bumthang Tang 19.2 43.0 29.8 6.0 0.7 1.3 51.5 36.8 9.6 2.2 0.0 0.0 Bumthang Ura 16.9 53.1 23.8 4.6 1.5 0.0 30.2 13.2 20.8 20.8 15.1 0.0 Chhukha Bjagchhog 55.0 35.0 7.5 0.0 2.5 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Chhukha Bongo 90.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80.6 16.7 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Chhukha Chapchha 77.4 22.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 62.5 25.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 0.0 Chhukha Darla 66.2 30.0 3.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Chhukha Doongna 33.3 66.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66.0 28.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 Chhukha Geling 55.6 27.8 14.8 0.0 1.9 0.0 50.0 20.0 16.7 8.3 1.7 3.3 Chhukha Getana 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.9 13.2 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 Chhukha Loggchina 80.8 19.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83.3 5.6 0.0 0.0 5.6 5.6 Chhukha Maedtabkha 77.8 20.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 77.6 10.2 12.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Chhukha Phuentshogling 61.9 27.8 9.3 1.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 Chhukha Sampheling 75.6 19.4 4.4 0.0 0.6 0.0 na na na na na na Dagana Dorona 85.7 14.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32.4 45.7 21.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 Dagana Drukjeygang 91.5 7.7 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 97.6 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Dagana Gesarling 76.3 23.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.3 44.4 12.1 3.2 0.0 0.0 Dagana Gozhi 90.7 9.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Dagana Karmaling 97.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37.6 46.2 15.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 Dagana Karna 73.2 26.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41.0 48.1 9.7 1.1 0.0 0.0 Dagana Khebisa 87.0 12.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.0 64.6 15.7 1.7 0.0 0.0 Dagana Largyab 89.9 10.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65.5 27.6 3.4 3.4 0.0 0.0 Dagana Lhamoidzingkha 84.5 15.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52.8 37.4 8.0 1.2 0.6 0.0 Dagana Nichula 57.9 15.8 26.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.1 32.5 27.7 13.3 4.8 3.6 Dagana Tashiding 84.6 14.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 57.1 37.2 4.7 1.0 0.0 0.0 Dagana Tsangkha 67.1 31.4 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 na na na na na na

~ 107 ~

Table: 1b. Proportion of rural households by improved and local cattle holding size in 2013 % Improved cattle holders % Local cattle holders Dzongkhag Gewog < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 Dagana Tsendagang 88.2 11.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65.0 31.6 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Dagana Tseza 90.9 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39.6 34.0 19.8 3.8 1.9 0.9 Gasa Khamaed 69.0 29.3 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 77.1 22.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Gasa Khatoed 64.9 29.7 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 90.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Gasa Laya na na na na na na na na na na na na Gasa Lunana na na na na na na na na na na na na Haa Bji 39.7 50.0 9.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 38.5 42.3 11.5 7.7 0.0 0.0 Haa Gakiling 69.6 21.7 8.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 60.9 17.4 13.0 4.3 4.3 0.0 Haa Kartshog 53.1 44.2 1.8 0.9 0.0 0.0 55.6 33.3 11.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Haa Samar 21.7 52.5 23.3 2.5 0.0 0.0 19.4 47.2 27.8 4.6 0.9 0.0 Haa Sombaykha 88.9 11.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 35.0 25.0 0.0 10.0 5.0 Haa Uesu 47.3 43.8 8.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 41.2 35.3 11.8 5.9 5.9 0.0 Lhuentse Gangzur 86.8 12.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 67.7 24.2 6.1 1.5 0.5 0.0 Lhuentse Jarey 87.5 11.1 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 83.5 16.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lhuentse Khoma 79.8 16.2 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51.4 31.3 16.7 0.7 0.0 0.0 Lhuentse Kurtoed 97.7 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 69.6 28.4 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lhuentse Maedtsho 87.7 12.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.9 35.0 13.6 2.9 0.7 0.0 Lhuentse Maenbi 83.6 14.1 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 72.7 19.9 6.2 0.6 0.6 0.0 Lhuentse Minjey 66.9 25.0 7.3 0.8 0.0 0.0 80.0 13.6 6.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lhuentse Tsaenkhar 65.9 31.7 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 45.3 42.0 11.3 0.0 1.3 0.0 Monggar Balam 81.1 18.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 62.1 33.0 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 Monggar Chagsakhar 67.9 25.3 6.3 0.0 0.5 0.0 41.7 34.5 18.4 3.4 1.5 0.5 Monggar Chhaling 81.1 15.1 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.4 33.8 12.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Monggar Dramedtse 87.2 12.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57.1 35.7 6.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 Monggar Drepoong 80.6 16.7 1.4 1.4 0.0 0.0 51.9 35.1 11.5 1.5 0.0 0.0 Monggar Gongdue 90.0 6.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61.2 25.9 10.3 2.6 0.0 0.0 Monggar Jurmed 94.7 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43.5 45.5 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Monggar Kengkhar 85.4 12.4 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.4 35.6 9.4 1.6 0.0 0.0

~ 108 ~

Table: 1c. Proportion of rural households by improved and local cattle holding size in 2013 % Improved cattle holders % Local cattle holders Dzongkhag Gewog < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 Monggar Monggar 65.5 28.6 5.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 47.9 40.3 10.2 1.3 0.4 0.0 Monggar Narang 94.9 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61.8 33.6 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Monggar Ngatshang 64.1 28.7 4.4 2.8 0.0 0.0 38.5 43.5 11.5 4.5 1.5 0.5 Monggar Saling 72.7 22.4 4.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 45.7 34.9 15.6 3.8 0.0 0.0 Monggar Shermuhoong 73.8 17.9 6.2 1.4 0.7 0.0 41.2 34.5 18.1 4.0 1.7 0.6 Monggar Silambi 92.9 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.5 33.3 14.4 1.8 0.0 0.0 Monggar Thangrong 78.7 19.7 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 57.3 32.2 9.3 0.9 0.4 0.0 Monggar Tsakaling 83.7 15.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 60.0 33.0 6.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 Monggar Tsamang 90.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 67.2 29.4 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Paro Dokar 71.3 22.8 5.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 80.0 11.1 6.7 2.2 0.0 0.0 Paro Dopsharri 45.5 39.4 9.1 6.1 0.0 0.0 54.5 18.2 13.6 0.0 9.1 4.5 Paro Doteng 92.7 6.3 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Paro Hoongrel 63.0 33.3 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 na na na na na na Paro Lamgong 52.3 40.5 5.9 1.3 0.0 0.0 60.0 0.0 40.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Paro Loongnyi 58.5 35.4 5.4 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 Paro Najya 54.3 37.6 7.1 0.5 0.5 0.0 58.7 22.8 11.4 5.4 1.6 0.0 Paro Sharpa 70.8 24.8 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 95.2 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Paro Tsento 80.6 19.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.6 15.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Paro Wangchang na na na na na na 50.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Chhimoong 94.7 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 94.2 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Chhoekhorling 84.4 15.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Chongshing 95.5 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Dechhenling 80.5 18.2 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 90.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Dungmaed 73.2 25.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 92.6 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Khar 87.9 11.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 91.1 8.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Nanong 75.9 16.7 6.9 0.6 0.0 0.0 90.7 9.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Norboogang 77.1 19.3 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 90.2 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Shumar 80.0 19.2 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

~ 109 ~

Table: 1d. Proportion of rural households by improved and local cattle holding size in 2013 % Improved cattle holders % Local cattle holders Dzongkhag Gewog < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 Pemagatshel Yurung 93.5 5.9 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 92.3 7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Zobel 81.1 16.7 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 93.2 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Barp 72.2 25.9 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Chhubu 84.0 12.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 67.7 28.1 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Dzomi 86.2 12.3 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Goenshari 76.9 20.5 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 89.2 5.4 2.7 2.7 0.0 0.0 Punakha Guma 88.1 11.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Kabisa 81.0 18.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 82.7 14.7 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Lingmukha 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90.5 9.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Shelngabjemi 78.7 17.3 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80.6 17.9 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Talog 49.2 50.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 54.5 45.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Toedpaisa 82.9 17.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 94.6 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Toedwang 79.3 19.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 68.6 28.1 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.8 S/jongkhar Dewathang 61.0 27.2 10.3 1.5 0.0 0.0 86.9 11.5 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar Gomdar 75.9 21.8 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 82.6 16.3 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar Langchenphu 74.4 23.9 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 87.5 8.3 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar Lauri 93.2 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 62.5 27.1 8.3 0.7 0.7 0.7 S/jongkhar Martshala 86.5 13.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 72.3 22.4 4.7 0.3 0.3 0.0 S/jongkhar Orong 51.9 33.8 11.6 2.3 0.5 0.0 92.6 3.7 2.5 0.0 0.0 1.2 S/jongkhar Pemathang 89.8 9.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.6 19.5 4.3 0.0 0.6 0.0 S/jongkhar Phuentshogthang 85.0 15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57.6 37.6 4.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar Samrang 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60.0 26.7 13.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar Serthig 90.1 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 67.0 29.9 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar Wangphu 91.5 8.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.3 22.9 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Doomtoed 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Dophugchen 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73.3 6.7 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Duenchhukha 98.6 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55.6 44.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Namgaychhoeling 78.9 21.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

~ 110 ~

Table: 1e. Proportion of rural households by improved and local cattle holding size in 2013 % Improved cattle holders % Local cattle holders Dzongkhag Gewog < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 Samtse Norboogang 87.8 10.4 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Norgaygang 97.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Pemaling 85.5 13.2 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Phuentshogpelri 80.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Samtse 79.6 16.1 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.7 70.0 30.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Sangagchhoeling 96.7 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Tading 83.7 15.1 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Tendruk 79.2 18.2 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 66.7 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Trashichhoeling 80.4 18.2 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Ugyentse 85.2 14.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66.7 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Yoeseltse 82.8 15.7 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Chhudzom 90.2 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 74.0 21.4 3.8 0.8 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Chhuzangang 57.8 37.7 3.9 0.6 0.0 0.0 95.5 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Dekiling 70.9 27.4 1.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 91.9 8.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Gakiling 79.4 15.9 4.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Gelegphu 65.1 29.7 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 70.8 25.5 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Jigmechoeling 80.4 16.1 1.8 1.8 0.0 0.0 45.0 35.8 10.1 4.6 3.7 0.9 Sarpang Samtenling 72.8 17.6 9.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 65.0 25.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Senggey 95.1 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92.9 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Serzhong 91.6 8.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 88.2 11.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Shompangkha 75.0 23.4 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Tareythang 85.2 14.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Umling 61.7 32.8 5.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Chang 51.9 35.4 10.1 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Darkarla 66.7 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Genyen 77.4 21.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Kawang 68.9 30.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Lingzhi 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

~ 111 ~

Table: 1f. Proportion of rural households by improved and local cattle holding size in 2013 % Improved cattle holders % Local cattle holders Dzongkhag Gewog < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 Thimphu Maedwang 59.2 30.0 9.2 0.4 1.3 0.0 96.9 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Naro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Soe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Bartsham 77.8 21.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 89.2 9.2 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Bidoong 93.5 5.8 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Kanglung 75.8 21.7 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 98.8 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Kangpar 91.0 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64.7 22.9 7.2 3.3 2.0 0.0 Trashigang Khaling 78.5 19.4 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 76.8 19.6 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Lumang 77.8 20.7 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 67.0 27.7 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Merag 94.2 4.3 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.9 8.7 13.7 24.0 26.8 15.8 Trashigang Phongmed 75.3 22.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.7 13.7 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Radhi 85.4 12.5 1.8 0.0 0.4 0.0 90.1 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Sagteng 85.7 14.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43.9 14.4 13.9 11.8 12.8 3.2 Trashigang Samkhar 61.7 35.1 2.4 0.4 0.4 0.0 92.2 5.8 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Shongphu 81.8 17.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 89.9 8.5 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Thrimshing 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93.2 6.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Udzorong 82.9 14.5 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 73.1 20.9 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Yangnyer 73.4 24.7 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 87.8 11.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse Boomdeling 87.3 12.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 86.6 11.2 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse Jamkhar 86.5 12.6 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 89.6 10.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse Khamdang 86.9 13.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93.7 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse Ramjar 66.0 34.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 71.4 26.5 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse Toedtsho 90.4 9.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92.4 4.8 1.9 1.0 0.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse Tongmajangsa 79.1 20.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55.3 40.4 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse Yalang 93.1 5.9 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83.1 14.4 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse Yangtse 76.3 20.9 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 85.3 9.5 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trongsa Draagteng 50.0 36.0 12.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 43.9 40.2 12.2 3.7 0.0 0.0 Trongsa Korphu 96.5 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 77.4 19.8 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

~ 112 ~

Table: 1g. Proportion of rural households by improved and local cattle holding size in 2013 % Improved cattle holders % Local cattle holders Dzongkhag Gewog < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 Trongsa Langthil 72.1 27.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 63.8 16.9 9.6 5.1 4.0 0.6 Trongsa Nubi 46.2 41.3 9.6 2.9 0.0 0.0 68.1 26.4 4.2 0.0 0.0 1.4 Trongsa Tangsibji 49.2 43.4 6.6 0.8 0.0 0.0 49.6 36.5 12.2 1.7 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Barshong 93.7 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.4 38.3 10.5 0.8 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Doonglagang 73.8 24.8 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 85.7 7.1 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Gosarling 89.9 10.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Kilkhorthang 74.1 25.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 96.7 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Mendrelgang 51.4 45.9 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 76.0 22.7 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Patshaling 61.1 36.1 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.2 44.4 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Phungtenchhu 92.9 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45.3 50.8 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Rangthangling 80.4 18.1 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 79.3 17.2 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Semjong 86.7 13.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70.7 27.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Sergithang 81.0 19.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.6 46.1 11.5 1.2 0.6 0.0 Tsirang Tsholingkhar 87.4 12.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 91.8 8.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Tsirangtoed 86.9 13.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Athang 95.8 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.1 12.7 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Bjednag 68.5 27.0 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 82.3 14.6 2.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Dangchhu 85.0 13.3 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 48.7 41.2 8.4 1.7 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Darkar 77.3 21.6 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 58.8 31.8 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Gangteng 49.3 35.2 14.1 1.4 0.0 0.0 88.4 9.3 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Gase Tshogom 76.7 22.2 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 91.7 5.6 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Gase Tshowom 76.9 23.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78.4 18.9 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Kazhi 92.5 7.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 67.4 30.3 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Nahi 81.1 18.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 94.7 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Nyishog 89.4 10.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93.0 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Phangyuel 84.1 11.4 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 91.7 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Phobji 46.7 38.7 13.3 1.3 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Ruebisa 80.2 15.6 3.1 0.0 1.0 0.0 92.1 6.7 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

~ 113 ~

Table: 1h. Proportion of rural households by improved and local cattle holding size in 2013 % Improved cattle holders % Local cattle holders Dzongkhag Gewog < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 < 5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-50 >50 Wangdue Saephu 58.9 35.7 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 37.5 62.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Thedtsho 75.7 21.6 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Bardo 96.3 2.5 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 29.3 41.4 19.3 7.7 1.7 0.6 Zhemgang Bjoka 90.2 7.3 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 63.6 28.8 7.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Goshing 88.8 11.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 88.1 7.5 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Nangkor 84.4 13.5 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 63.4 27.6 7.5 1.5 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Ngangla 85.1 12.2 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 78.6 14.3 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Phangkhar 78.7 19.7 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 76.0 15.6 7.3 0.0 1.0 0.0 Zhemgang Shingkhar 96.4 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55.9 27.6 13.4 3.1 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Trong 58.3 35.4 3.9 2.4 0.0 0.0 80.2 14.2 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.9

~ 114 ~

Annexure: 6. Proportion of holders by types of livestock in 2013 Table: 1a. Percent proportion of holders by types of livestock Improved Dzongkhag Gewog Local cattle Yaks Buffalo Horses Poultry Pigs Goats Sheep cattle Bumthang Chhoekhor 72.6 10.7 12.4 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 2.6 Bumthang Chhumig 58.6 21.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.5 0.0 0.0 5.4 Bumthang Tang 43.3 39.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 9.5 0.0 0.0 5.4 Bumthang Ura 70.3 28.6 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Chhukha Bjagchhog 93.0 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Chhukha Bongo 9.4 34.0 0.0 0.0 17.0 22.6 17.0 0.0 0.0 Chhukha Chapchha 79.5 20.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Chhukha Darla 87.2 1.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.0 4.1 6.7 Chhukha Doongna 3.3 54.3 0.0 0.0 13.0 16.3 13.0 0.0 0.0 Chhukha Geling 32.1 35.7 0.0 0.0 7.7 16.7 7.7 0.0 0.0 Chhukha Getana 8.7 23.1 0.0 0.0 21.0 25.3 21.0 0.0 0.9 Chhukha Loggchina 41.9 9.7 0.0 0.0 9.7 17.2 9.7 3.8 8.1 Chhukha Maedtabkha 42.1 45.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Chhukha Phuentshogling 40.2 1.7 0.0 0.0 8.7 12.0 8.7 10.0 18.7 Chhukha Sampheling 75.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.1 13.9 Dagana Dorona 3.8 57.4 0.0 0.0 9.3 10.4 9.3 2.7 7.1 Dagana Drukjeygang 69.5 22.5 0.0 0.0 1.1 2.1 1.1 1.6 2.1 Dagana Gesarling 28.2 59.3 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.4 1.0 4.3 4.8 Dagana Gozhi 85.8 2.3 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 4.5 Dagana Karmaling 11.5 60.5 0.0 0.0 4.9 12.6 4.9 2.4 3.1 Dagana Karna 34.4 58.8 0.0 0.7 0.2 1.5 0.2 2.0 2.2 Dagana Khebisa 23.4 41.6 0.0 0.0 11.0 12.6 11.0 0.2 0.2 Dagana Largyab 43.4 18.2 0.0 3.1 6.3 15.1 6.3 3.8 3.8 Dagana Lhamoidzingkha 26.0 73.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 Dagana Nichula 18.3 79.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 Dagana Tashiding 42.3 56.5 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Dagana Tsangkha 89.7 0.0 0.0 1.3 2.6 2.6 2.6 0.0 1.3

~ 115 ~

Table: 1b. Percent proportion of holders by types of livestock Improved Dzongkhag Gewog Local cattle Yaks Buffalo Horses Poultry Pigs Goats Sheep cattle Dagana Tsendagang 38.9 55.7 0.0 0.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.5 0.5 Dagana Tseza 35.7 57.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 5.9 0.5 0.0 0.0 Gasa Khamaed 47.2 39.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Gasa Khatoed 74.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Gasa Laya 8.3 0.0 91.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Gasa Lunana 0.0 0.0 69.5 0.0 0.0 29.9 0.0 0.0 0.6 Haa Bji 38.6 12.9 26.7 0.0 0.0 21.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Haa Gakiling 25.6 25.6 0.0 0.0 10.0 28.9 10.0 0.0 0.0 Haa Kartshog 61.7 4.9 16.9 0.0 1.6 13.1 1.6 0.0 0.0 Haa Samar 44.6 40.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 14.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 Haa Sombaykha 8.4 18.7 0.0 0.0 16.8 39.3 16.8 0.0 0.0 Haa Uesu 77.8 11.8 6.3 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.7 Lhuentse Gangzur 24.9 54.1 0.0 0.0 1.9 17.2 1.9 0.0 0.0 Lhuentse Jarey 31.9 42.9 0.0 0.0 1.8 21.7 1.8 0.0 0.0 Lhuentse Khoma 27.6 40.1 1.1 0.0 1.1 25.9 1.1 0.0 3.1 Lhuentse Kurtoed 21.3 50.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 25.2 1.5 0.0 0.0 Lhuentse Maedtsho 20.8 51.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lhuentse Maenbi 34.9 43.9 0.0 0.0 1.6 18.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 Lhuentse Minjey 41.2 41.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 16.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 Lhuentse Tsaenkhar 21.8 39.8 0.0 0.0 2.9 32.6 2.9 0.0 0.0 Monggar Balam 37.2 51.8 0.0 0.0 0.5 10.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 Monggar Chagsakhar 45.0 48.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.2 Monggar Chhaling 38.8 54.2 0.0 0.0 1.5 4.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 Monggar Dramedtse 23.9 55.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Monggar Drepoong 34.4 62.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 Monggar Gongdue 13.2 30.6 0.0 0.0 14.8 26.6 14.8 0.0 0.0 Monggar Jurmed 33.4 48.4 0.0 0.0 2.0 14.2 2.0 0.0 0.0 Monggar Kengkhar 37.4 52.2 0.0 0.0 0.8 8.7 0.8 0.0 0.0

~ 116 ~

Table: 1c. Percent proportion of holders by types of livestock Improved Dzongkhag Gewog Local cattle Yaks Buffalo Horses Poultry Pigs Goats Sheep cattle Monggar Monggar 46.6 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Monggar Narang 25.5 47.6 0.0 0.0 0.9 25.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 Monggar Ngatshang 46.1 50.9 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 Monggar Saling 43.5 50.3 0.0 0.0 1.6 2.4 1.6 0.0 0.5 Monggar Shermuhoong 38.1 46.5 0.0 0.0 0.8 13.9 0.8 0.0 0.0 Monggar Silambi 14.9 39.4 0.0 0.0 8.9 28.0 8.9 0.0 0.0 Monggar Thangrong 43.5 53.9 0.0 0.0 0.2 2.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 Monggar Tsakaling 29.5 44.4 0.0 0.0 1.0 24.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 Monggar Tsamang 28.0 55.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Paro Dokar 68.2 30.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 Paro Dopsharri 41.8 27.8 0.0 0.0 3.8 22.8 3.8 0.0 0.0 Paro Doteng 48.2 7.5 3.5 0.0 9.5 21.6 9.5 0.0 0.0 Paro Hoongrel 96.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Paro Lamgong 92.2 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Paro Loongnyi 80.3 0.5 0.5 0.0 6.0 6.6 6.0 0.0 0.0 Paro Najya 45.9 42.9 0.0 0.0 0.2 10.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 Paro Sharpa 81.3 15.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Paro Tsento 48.2 20.2 17.1 0.0 1.0 11.9 1.0 0.0 0.5 Paro Wangchang 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Chhimoong 34.7 24.1 0.0 0.0 9.7 21.8 9.7 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Chhoekhorling 66.7 14.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Chongshing 75.5 20.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Dechhenling 54.0 24.6 0.0 0.0 3.9 13.7 3.9 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Dungmaed 21.1 20.4 0.0 0.0 18.1 22.3 18.1 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Khar 67.7 28.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Nanong 44.4 41.3 0.0 0.0 3.1 7.9 3.1 0.0 0.3 Pemagatshel Norboogang 50.7 28.4 0.0 0.0 0.9 19.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Shumar 77.4 22.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

~ 117 ~

Table: 1d. Percent proportion of holders by types of livestock Improved Dzongkhag Gewog Local cattle Yaks Buffalo Horses Poultry Pigs Goats Sheep cattle Pemagatshel Yurung 74.4 22.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pemagatshel Zobel 73.5 24.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Barp 93.1 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Chhubu 30.1 38.6 0.0 0.0 8.4 14.5 8.4 0.0 0.0 Punakha Dzomi 81.3 18.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Goenshari 41.9 39.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.0 0.0 2.2 2.2 Punakha Guma 95.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Kabisa 55.6 41.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 Punakha Lingmukha 32.6 48.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Shelngabjemi 51.7 46.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Talog 78.5 20.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Toedpaisa 76.4 23.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Punakha Toedwang 27.9 41.2 0.0 0.0 7.8 15.3 7.8 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar Dewathang 67.3 30.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar Gomdar 49.9 39.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 8.8 1.1 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar Langchenphu 80.1 16.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar Lauri 25.1 61.3 2.6 0.0 0.9 8.5 0.9 0.0 0.9 S/jongkhar Martshala 40.7 46.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 10.9 1.0 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar Orong 68.6 25.7 0.0 0.0 1.6 2.5 1.6 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar Pemathang 40.1 51.4 0.0 0.3 1.3 3.1 1.3 0.9 1.6 S/jongkhar Phuentshogthang 31.1 66.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 S/jongkhar Samrang 29.6 55.6 0.0 0.0 3.7 7.4 3.7 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar Serthig 34.0 46.4 0.0 0.0 1.4 16.7 1.4 0.0 0.0 S/jongkhar Wangphu 34.5 55.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 8.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 Samtse Doomtoed 57.1 0.0 0.0 2.9 5.7 5.7 5.7 0.0 22.9 Samtse Dophugchen 61.5 5.6 0.0 5.9 5.6 10.4 5.6 1.9 3.7 Samtse Duenchhukha 65.1 4.2 0.0 8.0 2.4 6.1 2.4 5.2 6.6 Samtse Namgaychhoeling 26.2 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.3 51.0

~ 118 ~

Table: 1e. Percent proportion of holders by types of livestock Improved Dzongkhag Gewog Local cattle Yaks Buffalo Horses Poultry Pigs Goats Sheep cattle Samtse Norboogang 53.2 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.7 29.6 Samtse Norgaygang 20.6 0.8 0.0 0.0 12.0 23.9 12.0 13.0 17.7 Samtse Pemaling 40.4 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.7 39.4 Samtse Phuentshogpelri 41.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 3.5 2.4 23.5 27.1 Samtse Samtse 64.9 4.7 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.4 19.0 Samtse Sangagchhoeling 49.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.0 16.9 29.8 Samtse Tading 31.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29.7 39.1 Samtse Tendruk 39.5 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 19.5 37.4 Samtse Trashichhoeling 79.9 2.8 0.0 10.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 3.9 Samtse Ugyentse 48.8 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.8 29.6 Samtse Yoeseltse 64.7 1.9 0.0 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.7 17.9 Sarpang Chhudzom 28.8 28.6 0.0 1.3 3.1 24.0 3.1 3.3 7.9 Sarpang Chhuzangang 84.6 12.1 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.1 Sarpang Dekiling 71.6 11.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 2.8 14.1 Sarpang Gakiling 58.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 7.9 19.2 7.9 0.9 4.2 Sarpang Gelegphu 59.9 35.9 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.4 Sarpang Jigmechoeling 29.0 28.2 0.0 1.8 5.2 27.2 5.2 1.6 1.8 Sarpang Samtenling 59.5 19.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 9.0 0.0 1.0 10.5 Sarpang Senggey 69.3 15.9 0.0 0.0 4.5 5.7 4.5 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Serzhong 85.6 13.6 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Shompangkha 92.5 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.7 Sarpang Tareythang 84.4 15.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Umling 90.5 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 4.0 Thimphu Chang 98.8 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Darkarla 10.9 0.0 70.9 0.0 0.0 12.7 0.0 0.0 5.5 Thimphu Genyen 62.6 15.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Kawang 98.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Lingzhi 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

~ 119 ~

Table: 1f. Percent proportion of holders by types of livestock Improved Dzongkhag Gewog Local cattle Yaks Buffalo Horses Poultry Pigs Goats Sheep cattle Thimphu Maedwang 84.5 11.3 0.4 0.0 0.4 3.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Naro 0.0 0.0 96.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Soe 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Bartsham 56.3 41.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Bidoong 55.2 34.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Kanglung 58.3 38.8 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Kangpar 18.9 32.5 0.0 0.0 4.2 28.7 4.2 0.4 11.0 Trashigang Khaling 39.2 58.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Lumang 37.5 62.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Merag 12.5 33.3 24.7 0.0 0.0 19.8 0.0 1.8 7.8 Trashigang Phongmed 33.2 45.5 0.0 0.0 1.8 15.9 1.8 0.0 1.8 Trashigang Radhi 46.0 41.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 Trashigang Sagteng 11.6 31.0 22.9 0.0 0.0 17.6 0.0 2.3 14.6 Trashigang Samkhar 53.3 33.1 0.0 0.0 2.4 8.2 2.4 0.2 0.4 Trashigang Shongphu 60.6 36.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.8 Trashigang Thrimshing 30.1 61.8 0.0 0.0 0.3 7.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Udzorong 29.9 52.8 0.0 0.0 2.0 13.4 2.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Yangnyer 44.5 41.7 0.0 0.0 3.7 6.5 3.7 0.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse Boomdeling 42.8 52.1 2.3 0.0 0.4 1.6 0.4 0.0 0.4 Trashiyangtse Jamkhar 50.9 44.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 2.3 0.9 0.0 0.9 Trashiyangtse Khamdang 50.9 46.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse Ramjar 24.5 48.0 1.5 0.0 5.9 14.2 5.9 0.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse Toedtsho 45.8 41.8 0.0 0.0 2.0 8.4 2.0 0.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse Tongmajangsa 41.0 52.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse Yalang 28.8 33.3 0.0 0.0 6.5 24.9 6.5 0.0 0.0 Trashiyangtse Yangtse 56.7 37.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 5.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 Trongsa Draagteng 50.0 47.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trongsa Korphu 24.3 45.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

~ 120 ~

Table: 1g. Percent proportion of holders by types of livestock Improved Dzongkhag Gewog Local cattle Yaks Buffalo Horses Poultry Pigs Goats Sheep cattle Trongsa Langthil 38.3 52.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 8.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 Trongsa Nubi 59.9 20.7 0.9 0.0 0.0 10.7 0.0 0.0 7.8 Trongsa Tangsibji 51.5 48.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Barshong 28.6 60.5 0.0 0.0 1.4 2.7 1.4 2.7 2.7 Tsirang Doonglagang 83.7 7.9 0.0 1.7 0.0 1.1 0.0 2.8 2.8 Tsirang Gosarling 95.9 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.7 Tsirang Kilkhorthang 71.5 24.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 Tsirang Mendrelgang 70.3 28.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Patshaling 34.1 59.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 2.4 2.8 Tsirang Phungtenchhu 23.1 70.3 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 2.7 Tsirang Rangthangling 53.9 45.3 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Semjong 36.2 50.4 0.0 2.9 1.1 1.6 1.1 3.2 3.5 Tsirang Sergithang 7.1 56.1 0.0 2.4 8.8 16.7 8.8 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Tsholingkhar 54.1 43.2 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 1.1 Tsirang Tsirangtoed 95.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 2.9 Wangdue Athang 19.7 25.8 0.0 0.0 16.4 21.7 16.4 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Bjednag 51.2 44.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Dangchhu 26.3 52.2 0.0 0.0 3.5 14.5 3.5 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Darkar 35.1 33.9 0.0 0.0 10.0 11.2 10.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Gangteng 49.0 29.7 2.8 0.0 0.0 9.0 0.0 0.0 9.7 Wangdue Gase Tshogom 66.7 26.7 0.0 0.0 0.7 5.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Gase Tshowom 44.8 42.5 0.0 0.0 2.3 8.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Kazhi 19.8 44.1 19.8 0.0 2.5 10.9 2.5 0.0 0.5 Wangdue Nahi 62.7 32.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 1.7 Wangdue Nyishog 51.6 44.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Phangyuel 62.0 33.8 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.0 0.0 Wangdue Phobji 35.4 9.4 3.3 0.0 3.8 4.7 3.8 0.0 39.6 Wangdue Ruebisa 44.2 41.0 0.5 0.0 0.9 12.4 0.9 0.0 0.0

~ 121 ~

Table: 1h. Percent proportion of holders by types of livestock Improved Dzongkhag Gewog Local cattle Yaks Buffalo Horses Poultry Pigs Goats Sheep cattle Wangdue Saephu 44.4 6.3 45.2 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 2.4 Wangdue Thedtsho 86.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 2.3 4.7 2.3 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Bardo 17.6 39.4 0.0 0.0 7.4 28.1 7.4 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Bjoka 17.4 28.0 0.0 0.0 16.1 22.5 16.1 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Goshing 19.2 16.1 0.0 0.0 20.4 24.0 20.4 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Nangkor 29.9 41.7 0.0 0.0 4.7 19.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Ngangla 26.2 29.8 0.0 0.0 12.1 19.1 12.1 0.4 0.4 Zhemgang Phangkhar 38.9 61.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Shingkhar 19.3 44.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 36.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Zhemgang Trong 53.6 44.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.4

~ 122 ~

Annexure: 7. Community Forestry status as of December 2014

Table: 1a. Number of Community Forestry, Member Households and Area % % % % Nnational Nos. Nnational Nos. Community % Community Community Community level Community level Dzongkhag Gewog Community Forestry Area Forestry Forestry Area Forestry Distribution of Forestry Distribution of Forestry (ha) Households of total Area of total Community Households Community Country Area Forests Area Forestry Forestry Area Households Bumthang Chhoekhor 5 276 925 34.6 0.6 1.9 1.2 1.5 Bumthang Chhumig 5 149 678 24.0 1.6 2.1 0.6 1.1 Bumthang Tang 6 117 466 33.5 0.9 1.4 0.5 0.8 Bumthang Ura 3 101 250 28.0 0.9 1.1 0.4 0.4 Chhukha Bjagchhog 3 108 354 13.6 2.5 3.1 0.5 0.6 Chhukha Bongo 5 262 377 19.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.6 Chhukha Chapchha 8 292 678 41.8 5.2 7.0 1.3 1.1 Chhukha Darla 4 117 167 9.0 1.3 1.6 0.5 0.3 Chhukha Doongna 3 89 141 70.1 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.2 Chhukha Geling 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Chhukha Getana 1 24 76 16.7 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 Chhukha Loggchina 6 259 524 63.6 7.2 9.4 1.1 0.9 Chhukha Maedtabkha 2 32 115 34.4 0.9 1.0 0.1 0.2 Chhukha Phuentshogling 1 13 23 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 Chhukha Sampheling 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Dagana Dorona 2 46 82 30.9 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.1 Dagana Drukjeygang 2 155 258 33.4 4.4 5.8 0.7 0.4 Dagana Gesarling 2 94 223 36.0 5.8 6.7 0.4 0.4 Dagana Gozhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Dagana Karmaling 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Dagana Karna 1 20 60 5.7 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 Dagana Khebisa 2 78 171 35.0 1.8 2.0 0.3 0.3

~ 123 ~

Table: 1b. Number of Community Forestry, Member Households and Area % % % % Nnational Nos. Nnational Nos. Community % Community Community Community level Community level Dzongkhag Gewog Community Forestry Area Forestry Forestry Area Forestry Distribution of Forestry Distribution of Forestry (ha) Households of total Area of total Community Households Community Country Area Forests Area Forestry Forestry Area Households Dagana Largyab 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Dagana Lhamoidzingkha 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Dagana Nichula 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Dagana Tashiding 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Dagana Tsangkha 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Dagana Tsendagang 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Dagana Tseza 2 70 190 32.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 Gasa Khamaed 5 116 323 58.9 2.2 2.8 0.5 0.5 Gasa Khatoed 2 52 129 68.4 0.5 0.9 0.2 0.2 Gasa Laya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Gasa Lunana 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Haa Bji 5 131 318 19.8 0.4 1.2 0.6 0.5 Haa Gakiling 1 27 33 4.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Haa Kartshog 1 35 231 14.2 5.6 7.7 0.2 0.4 Haa Samar 3 123 358 38.0 1.8 2.4 0.5 0.6 Haa Sombaykha 1 21 186 12.6 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 Haa Uesu 3 88 228 18.8 3.4 4.2 0.4 0.4 Lhuentse Gangzur 4 100 230 20.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 Lhuentse Jarey 4 105 204 48.6 1.5 1.6 0.5 0.3 Lhuentse Khoma 2 55 148 14.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 Lhuentse Kurtoed 2 44 87 23.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 Lhuentse Maedtsho 1 18 28 7.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 Lhuentse Maenbi 4 193 363 39.6 4.1 5.4 0.8 0.6 Lhuentse Minjey 3 117 350 40.2 2.5 3.0 0.5 0.6

~ 124 ~

Table: 1c. Number of Community Forestry, Member Households and Area % % % % Nnational Nos. Nnational Nos. Community % Community Community Community level Community level Dzongkhag Gewog Community Forestry Area Forestry Forestry Area Forestry Distribution of Forestry Distribution of Forestry (ha) Households of total Area of total Community Households Community Country Area Forests Area Forestry Forestry Area Households Lhuentse Tsaenkhar 2 59 90 12.8 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.1 Monggar Balam 1 42 62 18.5 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.1 Monggar Chagsakhar 1 50 97 14.5 1.9 2.3 0.2 0.2 Monggar Chhaling 2 222 485 48.6 13.0 28.3 1.0 0.8 Monggar Dramedtse 2 220 1,116 31.0 22.4 28.4 1.0 1.8 Monggar Drepoong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Monggar Gongdue 1 16 115 6.0 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.2 Monggar Jurmed 1 20 64 7.0 1.2 1.4 0.1 0.1 Monggar Kengkhar 2 104 204 24.6 2.3 2.5 0.5 0.3 Monggar Monggar 1 103 260 14.6 3.6 4.2 0.4 0.4 Monggar Narang 1 99 329 22.6 16.3 21.7 0.4 0.5 Monggar Ngatshang 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Monggar Saling 2 67 171 15.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 Monggar Shermuhoong 6 299 1,599 78.1 5.7 5.9 1.3 2.6 Monggar Silambi 2 149 385 51.6 2.4 2.6 0.6 0.6 Monggar Thangrong 1 84 219 22.8 3.2 3.4 0.4 0.4 Monggar Tsakaling 1 66 180 17.6 2.1 2.5 0.3 0.3 Monggar Tsamang 2 64 244 29.4 1.7 1.7 0.3 0.4 Paro Dokar 2 100 200 23.6 1.9 2.7 0.4 0.3 Paro Dopsharri 2 115 288 18.6 8.5 11.8 0.5 0.5 Paro Doteng 2 108 246 56.8 1.3 1.9 0.5 0.4 Paro Hoongrel 2 98 236 28.5 21.5 33.7 0.4 0.4 Paro Lamgong 2 160 480 22.7 9.7 13.5 0.7 0.8 Paro Loongnyi 3 320 1,127 56.4 14.8 18.3 1.4 1.9

~ 125 ~

Table: 1d. Number of Community Forestry, Member Households and Area % % % % Nnational Nos. Nnational Nos. Community % Community Community Community level Community level Dzongkhag Gewog Community Forestry Area Forestry Forestry Area Forestry Distribution of Forestry Distribution of Forestry (ha) Households of total Area of total Community Households Community Country Area Forests Area Forestry Forestry Area Households Paro Najya 3 102 222 16.7 1.6 1.9 0.4 0.4 Paro Sharpa 3 85 290 10.1 3.6 5.2 0.4 0.5 Paro Tsento 4 167 449 18.5 0.8 1.8 0.7 0.7 Paro Wangchang 2 158 432 11.8 20.9 37.5 0.7 0.7 Pemagatshel Chhimoong 3 108 212 61.4 3.1 3.7 0.5 0.4 Pemagatshel Chhoekhorling 2 98 162 23.8 1.1 1.2 0.4 0.3 Pemagatshel Chongshing 4 137 221 60.1 6.9 8.6 0.6 0 .4 Pemagatshel Dechhenling 2 46 126 9.2 0.9 1.0 0.2 0.2 Pemagatshel Dungmaed 3 92 138 25.9 1.1 1.3 0.4 0.2 Pemagatshel Khar 3 190 294 46.2 2.5 2.7 0.8 0.5 Pemagatshel Nanong 2 97 262 18.2 2.6 3.2 0.4 0.4 Pemagatshel Norboogang 3 156 360 21.3 4.9 5.7 0.7 0 .6 Pemagatshel Shumar 5 323 322 44.9 3.4 4.3 1.4 0.5 Pemagatshel Yurung 3 238 185 74.8 4.8 6.8 1.0 0.3 Pemagatshel Zobel 3 92 192 25.1 2.2 2.4 0.4 0.3 Punakha Barp 1 46 45 6.4 1.8 2.6 0.2 0.1 Punakha Chhubu 4 114 353 32.6 3.8 4.5 0.5 0.6 Punakha Dzomi 1 31 60 12.1 2.8 4.2 0.1 0.1 Punakha Goenshari 1 26 157 20.2 1.8 2.0 0.1 0.3 Punakha Guma 3 137 394 16.8 10.8 16.7 0.6 0.7 Punakha Kabisa 6 251 706 56.2 3.4 4.0 1.1 1.2 Punakha Lingmukha 5 126 344 96.2 10.2 13.6 0.5 0.6 Punakha Shelngabjemi 4 74 146 26.1 2.3 2.7 0.3 0.2 Punakha Talog 5 225 661 61.1 25.9 33.5 1.0 1.1

~ 126 ~

Table: 1e. Number of Community Forestry, Member Households and Area % % % % Nnational Nos. Nnational Nos. Community % Community Community Community level Community level Dzongkhag Gewog Community Forestry Area Forestry Forestry Area Forestry Distribution of Forestry Distribution of Forestry (ha) Households of total Area of total Community Households Community Country Area Forests Area Forestry Forestry Area Households Punakha Toedpaisa 3 72 188 15.9 1.8 2.1 0.3 0.3 Punakha Toedwang 4 156 249 54.7 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.4 S/jongkhar Dewathang 5 175 430 47.0 2.2 2.4 0.8 0.7 S/jongkhar Gomdar 2 57 129 5.9 1.6 2.1 0.2 0.2 S/jongkhar Langchenphu 3 109 301 63.7 1.4 1.5 0.5 0 .5 S/jongkhar Lauri 3 501 1,586 71.9 5.7 7.3 2.2 2.6 S/jongkhar Martshala 4 131 276 24.0 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.5 S/jongkhar Orong 4 210 389 16.3 2.4 2.7 0.9 0.6 S/jongkhar Pemathang 3 190 244 64.0 3.2 4.0 0.8 0.4 S/jongkhar Phuentshogthang 2 122 326 23.1 2.5 3.1 0.5 0.5 S/jongkhar Samrang 1 27 82 51.9 1.6 1.9 0.1 0.1 S/jongkhar Serthig 3 84 169 20.0 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.3 S/jongkhar Wangphu 3 191 611 56.7 7.7 11.0 0.8 1.0 Samtse Doomtoed 1 26 74 7.9 1.5 1.9 0.1 0.1 Samtse Dophugchen 1 15 34 1.7 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 Samtse Duenchhukha 1 31 74 13.0 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.1 Samtse Namgaychhoeling 1 31 46 6.3 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 Samtse Norboogang 1 65 85 8.5 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.1 Samtse Norgaygang 1 17 54 2.8 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 Samtse Pemaling 3 220 336 38.4 6.6 9.1 1.0 0.6 Samtse Phuentshogpelri 5 153 346 15.0 3.4 4.3 0.7 0 .6 Samtse Samtse 4 133 288 22.2 2.5 3.1 0.6 0.5 Samtse Sangagchhoeling 3 163 242 25.5 6.3 10.0 0.7 0.4 Samtse Tading 3 138 247 17.5 2.3 3.2 0.6 0.4

~ 127 ~

Table: 1f. Number of Community Forestry, Member Households and Area % % % % Nnational Nos. Nnational Nos. Community % Community Community Community level Community level Dzongkhag Gewog Community Forestry Area Forestry Forestry Area Forestry Distribution of Forestry Distribution of Forestry (ha) Households of total Area of total Community Households Community Country Area Forests Area Forestry Forestry Area Households Samtse Tendruk 4 133 175 15.2 1.3 1.6 0.6 0.3 Samtse Trashichhoeling 1 49 55 9.7 2.0 5.4 0.2 0.1 Samtse Ugyentse 2 46 79 14.6 4.2 7.0 0.2 0.1 Samtse Yoeseltse 4 166 329 30.7 14.3 30.5 0.7 0.5 Sarpang Chhudzom 1 91 181 22.9 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.3 Sarpang Chhuzangang 1 35 30 7.2 1.4 14.6 0.2 0.1 Sarpang Dekiling 1 41 136 5.6 1.2 1.5 0.2 0.2 Sarpang Gakiling 4 149 347 31.5 2.4 2.6 0.6 0.6 Sarpang Gelegphu 1 49 92 6.3 1.7 3.0 0.2 0.2 Sarpang Jigmechoeling 4 109 355 16.1 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 Sarpang Samtenling 2 107 226 37.0 4.1 6.6 0.5 0.4 Sarpang Senggey 3 111 291 88.1 1.4 1.5 0.5 0.5 Sarpang Serzhong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sarpang Shompangkha 2 75 131 34.9 6.1 9.1 0.3 0.2 Sarpang Tareythang 3 70 203 83.3 1.8 2.0 0.3 0.3 Sarpang Umling 7 256 472 73.6 3.8 4.5 1.1 0.8 Thimphu Chang 3 88 222 12.2 1.3 1.8 0.4 0.4 Thimphu Darkarla 2 75 158 30.4 0.6 1.2 0.3 0.3 Thimphu Genyen 5 200 1,167 70.4 13.6 20.8 0.9 1.9 Thimphu Kawang 7 273 762 46.2 2.3 3.9 1.2 1.3 Thimphu Lingzhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Maedwang 3 112 276 13.3 1.0 1.6 0.5 0.5 Thimphu Naro 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thimphu Soe 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

~ 128 ~

Table: 1g. Number of Community Forestry, Member Households and Area % % % % Nnational Nos. Nnational Nos. Community % Community Community Community level Community level Dzongkhag Gewog Community Forestry Area Forestry Forestry Area Forestry Distribution of Forestry Distribution of Forestry (ha) Households of total Area of total Community Households Community Country Area Forests Area Forestry Forestry Area Households Trashigang Bartsham 3 63 166 14.9 4.8 6.5 0.3 0.3 Trashigang Bidoong 3 56 93 14.3 2.0 2.4 0.2 0.2 Trashigang Kanglung 2 184 450 17.3 6.7 8.7 0.8 0.7 Trashigang Kangpar 4 159 718 30.7 2.2 2.5 0.7 1.2 Trashigang Khaling 6 399 1,288 60.9 8.3 9.9 1.7 2.1 Trashigang Lumang 5 237 780 24.9 7.4 8.2 1.0 1.3 Trashigang Merag 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trashigang Phongmed 4 314 1,287 52.4 12.9 14.4 1.4 2.1 Trashigang Radhi 2 112 200 15.6 7.1 14.1 0.5 0.3 Trashigang Sagteng 1 65 471 11.9 1.1 1.6 0.3 0.8 Trashigang Samkhar 2 88 144 13.9 1.6 1.8 0.4 0.2 Trashigang Shongphu 3 131 340 18.3 3.7 4.3 0.6 0.6 Trashigang Thrimshing 1 53 159 9.9 3.0 3.5 0.2 0.3 Trashigang Udzorong 6 406 1,562 65.1 9.0 9.8 1.8 2.6 Trashigang Yangnyer 2 175 451 34.5 6.1 6.8 0.8 0.7 Trashiyangtse Boomdeling 4 145 600 37.2 0.7 1.2 0.6 1.0 Trashiyangtse Jamkhar 3 184 252 58.8 4.9 5.9 0.8 0.4 Trashiyangtse Khamdang 1 65 9 9.7 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 Trashiyangtse Ramjar 1 45 106 15.0 4.7 6.0 0.2 0.2 Trashiyangtse Toedtsho 1 13 25 2.7 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.0 Trashiyangtse Tongmajangsa 4 198 411 56.7 6.3 8.1 0.9 0.7 Trashiyangtse Yalang 4 191 452 47.5 5.1 5.6 0.8 0.7 Trashiyangtse Yangtse 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

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Table: 1h. Number of Community Forestry, Member Households and Area % % % % Nnational Nos. Nnational Nos. Community % Community Community Community level Community level Dzongkhag Gewog Community Forestry Area Forestry Forestry Area Forestry Distribution of Forestry Distribution of Forestry (ha) Households of total Area of total Community Households Community Country Area Forests Area Forestry Forestry Area Households Trongsa Draagteng 4 298 881 57.8 10.4 14.3 1.3 1.5 Trongsa Korphu 2 102 207 46.4 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.3 Trongsa Langthil 5 134 821 24.1 1.6 1.9 0.6 1.4 Trongsa Nubi 8 131 269 27.2 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 Trongsa Tangsibji 6 174 490 39.7 1.3 1.6 0.8 0.8 Tsirang Barshong 2 65 164 43.9 7.8 9.7 0.3 0.3 Tsirang Doonglagang 4 253 603 76.2 13.0 15.0 1.1 1.0 Tsirang Gosarling 2 87 100 31.4 9.1 16.4 0.4 0.2 Tsirang Kilkhorthang 2 281 352 53.1 19.9 30.8 1.2 0 .6 Tsirang Mendrelgang 2 128 194 42.5 13.0 18.8 0.6 0.3 Tsirang Patshaling 5 290 1,067 80.8 7.9 8.4 1.3 1.8 Tsirang Phungtenchhu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Rangthangling 4 266 780 93.7 31.1 44.7 1.2 1.3 Tsirang Semjong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tsirang Sergithang 4 173 922 79.4 5.4 5.8 0.8 1.5 Tsirang Tsholingkhar 1 97 68 27.5 5.2 10.4 0.4 0.1 Tsirang Tsirangtoed 2 126 403 57.0 12.8 16.5 0.5 0.7 Wangdue Athang 1 12 40 7.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Wangdue Bjednag 5 147 272 28.2 2.2 2.7 0.6 0.4 Wangdue Dangchhu 2 60 133 22.6 0.8 1.2 0.3 0.2 Wangdue Darkar 2 82 245 31.4 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.4 Wangdue Gangteng 9 277 901 78.0 8.8 13.5 1.2 1.5 Wangdue Gase Tshogom 6 155 291 44.4 9.3 18.3 0.7 0.5 Wangdue Gase Tshowom 4 90 296 60.8 1.7 1.9 0.4 0.5

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Table: 1i. Number of Community Forestry, Member Households and Area % % % % Nnational Nos. Nnational Nos. Community % Community Community Community level Community level Dzongkhag Gewog Community Forestry Area Forestry Forestry Area Forestry Distribution of Forestry Distribution of Forestry (ha) Households of total Area of total Community Households Community Country Area Forests Area Forestry Forestry Area Households Wangdue Kazhi 3 61 138 20.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 Wangdue Nahi 7 123 372 80.9 5.1 6.7 0.5 0.6 Wangdue Nyishog 5 127 161 27.2 1.4 1.8 0.6 0.3 Wangdue Phangyuel 1 21 15 8.9 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.0 Wangdue Phobji 3 99 195 28.6 1.3 1.7 0.4 0.3 Wangdue Ruebisa 4 142 373 40.2 2.3 2.8 0.6 0.6 Wangdue Saephu 5 184 485 44.1 0.5 1.7 0.8 0.8 Wangdue Thedtsho 1 86 240 19.0 11.2 26.0 0.4 0.4 Zhemgang Bardo 3 147 278 39.4 1.3 1.7 0.6 0.5 Zhemgang Bjoka 1 132 636 85.2 3.3 3.6 0.6 1.1 Zhemgang Goshing 2 85 175 28.5 1.8 2.1 0.4 0.3 Zhemgang Nangkor 7 280 584 56.9 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.0 Zhemgang Ngangla 3 152 286 41.3 1.3 1.5 0.7 0.5 Zhemgang Phangkhar 3 52 122 23.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Zhemgang Shingkhar 2 54 149 16.6 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.2 Zhemgang Trong 3 105 365 17.6 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.6

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18. References

1. Agriculture Statistics (2012-2013) 2. Agriculture survey raw data (2012-2013) 3. Livestock Statistics (2012-2014) 4. Livestock census raw data (2012-2014 5. Forestry Information Database (FID) 6. Land Cover Mapping Report 2010 7. MoF’s Bhutan Trade Statistics (2012-2014 8. Statistical Yearbook (NSB), 2014 9. National Accounts (NSB), 2014 10. National Irrigation Information System (NIIS), Department of Agriculture 11. Migration in Bhutan (its extent, causes and effects), 2013 12. Bhutan Poverty Assessment, 2014 13. Bhutan RNR Statistics, 2012 14. RNR sector’s Eleventh Five Year Plan (2013-2018) document 15. Labour Force Survey Reports (2010-2013) 16. MoLHR’s website (www.molhr.gov.bt) 17. NRDCL website (www.nrdcl.bt) 18. Agricultural Marketing website (www.agrimarket.gov.bt) 19. MoAF’s website (www.moaf.gov.bt) 20. CountrySTAT ( http://countrystat.org/home.aspx?c=BTN ) 21. http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/index/en/?iso3=BTN 22. In-depth Country Assessment of the National System for RNR Statistics in Bhutan 23. Country Proposal for Improving RNR Statistics in Bhutan 24. RNR sector’s Annual Progress reports 25. Global Strategy for Improving Agricultural and Rural Statistics 26. Regional (Asia-Pacific) Action Plan for Improving Agricultural and Rural Statistics

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Compiled, analysed and documented by: Karpo Dukpa RNR-SCS, PPD, MoAF

Contacts: RNR Statistical Coordination Section, Policy and Planning Division Ministry of Agriculture and Forests

Phone : +975 (02) 323745/324669/322545 Fax : +975 (02) 323748 Email : [email protected]

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