Lokasi Penelitian Di Kabupaten Sintang Dan Kabupaten Melawi)

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Lokasi Penelitian Di Kabupaten Sintang Dan Kabupaten Melawi) HASIL PENELITIAN 2018 IDENTIFIKASI KELOMPOK-KELOMPOK SUKU DAYAK DI KALIMANTAN BARAT (Lokasi Penelitian di Kabupaten Sintang dan Kabupaten Melawi) Edy Agustinus1, Doantianus BSEP2, Albertus3 1Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan dan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat 2Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak 3Narmach Institute Pontianak Emil: [email protected] Abstrak Kegiatan ini merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan ketahanan budaya kelompok-kelompok Suku Dayak di Kabupaten Sintang dan Melawi sebagai salah satu bagian dari kekayaan kultur masyarakat Kalimantan Barat. Hal itu seirama dengan UU No. 5 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemajuan Kebudayaan, khususnya pasal 1 ayat 3 dikatakan bahwa ketahanan budaya dan kotribusi positif budaya penting untuk ditingkatkan ditengah-tengah peradaban dunia saat ini. Tujuan yang di ulas melalui penelitian ini yakni: (1) Mendeskripsikan identitas kelompok suku Dayak yang mencakup aspek sebaran, sejarah asal usul, kesenian, religi tradisional, adat dan hukum adat, sistem mata pencaharian serta teknologi tradisional; (2) Menganalisis rekontruksi identitas kelompok-kelompok suku Dayak dengan proses migrasi bangsa Autronesia; dan (3) Menganalisis dinamika identitas kelompok-kelompok suku Dayak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dipadukan dengan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, Pertama, identitas kelompok suku Dayak di kedua Kabupaten tersebut terbagi menjadi dua warna. Warna pertama, menghasilkan nama- nama kelompok suku yang memiliki cirinya masing-masing sebagai penandanya, ciri yang dimaksud diantaranya terdiri dari narasi mengenai sejarah asal usulnya, sebaran, struktur adat dan sistem adat istiadatnya, sistem religi tradisional dan keseniannya memunculkan identitas yang khas yang merupakan hasil kontruksi ide/gagasan indigenous people mereka yang kemudian menjadi nama-nama kelompok suku yang bersifat khas/lokal dimana kedudukannya cenderung tersebar dan tidak dibatasi oleh wilayah administatif. Kelompok-Kelompok Suku yang dimaksud yakni terdiri dari 34 kelompok suku di Kabupaten Sintang dan 19 kelompok suku di Kabupaten Melawi. Warna kedua, bahwa kontruksi identitas hubungan kekerabatan antara bangsa Autronesia dan kelompok suku Dayak dikedua Kabupaten tersebut adalah mengasil beberapa model. Di Kabupaten Sintang terbagi ke dalam dua model yakni : model pertama, kelompok suku Dayak berdialek Deman, Sebaruk, Bugau Seberuang, Desa, Mualang, Iban secara berjenang ke atas bertalian dengan Varian Ibanik, Melayu Polinesia Barat, Melayu Polinesia, dan Autonesia. Model kedua, Dialek Uud Danum, Cihie, Melahui, Mentebah Limbai, Linoh, Unau, Kebahan, Tebidah, Sekujam, Sekubang, Lebang Nado secara berjenjang keatas memiliki hubungan dengan Varian Ot Danum, Melayu Polinesia Barat, Melayu Polinesia, dan Autonesia. Sementara itu untuk di Kabupaten Melawi, hanya terdiri dari satu model yakni Dialek Keninjal, Ela/Ola, Barai, Randuk, Nyadom, Ransa, Limbai, Linoh, Pangin dan lain sebagainya secara berjenang ke atas bertalian dengan Varian Ot Danum, Melayu Polinesia Barat, Melayu Polinesia, dan Autronesia. Kedua, terkait dengan dinamika eksistensi identitas kelompok-kelompok suku Dayak di kedua kabupaten tersebut, tantangan-tantangan yang disoroti mencakup pola komunikasi yang berubah, pewaris kebudayaan yang menyurut, dokumentasi dan riset yang belum komprehensip, budaya tradisional acapakali dibenturkan dengan kehadiran agama samawi dan tradisi modern, menurunnya pengaruh tokoh adat tradisional dan kelembagaannya, berkurangnya aktifitas berladang dan hutan sebagai bagian yang menjadi warna pelaksanaan adat Dayak, terjadinya penyederhanaan budaya dayak, serta daya tarik budaya Dayak yang masih terbatas manfaatnya sebagai komuditas politik dan ekonomi. Kata Kunci : Identifikasi, Profil, Rekontruksi Identitas, Dinamika Identitas, Kelompok Suku Dayak, Kabupaten Sintang, Kabupaten Melawi. BADAN PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT HASIL PENELITIAN 2018 IDENTIFICATION OF DAYAK TRIBE GROUPS IN WEST KALIMANTAN (Research Locations in Sintang and Melawi Regencies) His activity is an effort to improve the cultural resilience of Dayak tribes in Sintang and Melawi Regencies as part of the cultural richness of the people of West Kalimantan. This is in line with Law No. 5 of 2017 concerning the Advancement of Culture, especially article 1 paragraph 3 it is said that cultural resilience and positive cultural contributions are important to be improved amid today's world civilization. The objectives reviewed through this research are: (1) To describe the identity of the Dayak groups which includes aspects of distribution, history of origin, art, traditional religion, customs, and customary law, traditional livelihood systems and technology; (2) Analyzing the reconstruction of the identity of Dayak ethnic groups with the migration process of the Autronesians; and (3) Analyzing the dynamics of the identity of Dayak ethnic groups. This research uses a qualitative approach combined with a literature study. The results showed that, First, the identity of the Dayak tribes in the two districts was divided into two colors. The first color, produces the names of tribal groups that have their respective characteristics as markers, the characteristics in question include consisting of narratives about the history of their origin, distribution, traditional structures and customs systems, traditional religious systems and art, giving rise to a distinctive identity that is the results of the construction of the ideas/ideals of their indigenous people which then become the names of tribal groups that are distinctive/local where the position tends to spread and not limited by administrative territory. The ethnic groups referred to consist of 34 ethnic groups in Sintang Regency and 19 ethnic groups in Melawi Regency. The second color, that the construction of the identity of kinship relations between the Austronesians and the Dayak ethnic groups in both districts is to produce several models. In Sintang Regency, it is divided into two models: the first model, the Dayak tribe groups with the Deman, Sebaruk, Bugau Seberuang, Villages, Mualang, Iban variants, which are related to Ibanic Variants, West Polynesia Malay, Polynesia Malay and Autonesia. The second model, Uud Danum, Cihie, Melahui, Limbebah Limbah, Linoh, Unau, Kebahan, Tebidah, Sekujam, Sekubang, Lebang Nado dialect and above have a relationship with the Ot Danum Variant, Malay Polynesia, Malay Polynesia, and Autonesia. Meanwhile, in Melawi Regency, it only consists of one model namely Keninjal dialect, Ela / Ola, Barai, Randuk, Nyadom, Ransa, Limbai, Linoh, Pangin and so forth in a manner related to the variants of Ot Danum, Malay West Polynesia, Polynesian Malay, and Austronesian. Second, related to the dynamics of the existence of the identity of the Dayak tribes in the two districts, the challenges highlighted include changing communication patterns, cultural heirs that are not yet comprehensive, documentation and research are not yet comprehensive, traditional culture often clashes with the presence of celestial religion and traditions modernism, the decreasing influence of traditional leaders and their institutions, the reduction of farming and forest activities as part of the color of Dayak adat implementation, the simplification of Dayak culture, and the attractiveness of Dayak culture which still has limited benefits as a political and economic community. Keywords: Identification, Profile, Reconstruction of Identity, Identity Dynamics, Dayak Ethnic Groups, Sintang District, Melawi District. BADAN PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT .
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