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ANOS 90 V22 N41.Indb ISSN 1983-201X Virtual anos Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História v. 22 n. 41, julho de90 2015 Organizadores: Cesar Augusto Barcellos Guazzelli Arthur Lima de Ávila Porto Alegre Anos 90 Porto Alegre v. 22 n. 41 p. 1-365 jul. 2015 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL Reitor: Carlos Alexandre Netto EQUIPE TÉCNICA Diretora do IFCH: Soraya Maria Vargas Cortes Secretario da Revista: Programa de Pós-Graduação em História: Vinícius Silveira Cerentini COMISSÃO DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Revisão: Benito Bisso Schmidt (Coordenador) Felipe Raskin Cardon Igor Salomão Teixeira (Coord. Substituto) Editoração eletrônica: Alessander Mário Kerber Débora Lima da Silva Enrique Serra Padrós Projeto gráfi co: Mara Cristina de Campos Rodrigues Núcleo de Informação e Projetos (NIP/IFCH/UFRGS) Regina Weber Criação da capa: COMISSÃO EDITORIAL EXECUTIVA Jessé Ramires Lopes Igor Salomão Teixeira (editor) Imagem da capa: Fábio Kühn Migrant Mother, 1936. José Rivair Macedo Fotografi a de Dorothea Lange. Regina Célia Lima Xavier CONSELHO EDITORIAL CORRESPONDÊNCIA Alberto Aggio - UNESP, Brasil Anos 90 Angela Castro Gomes - CPDOC/FGV e UFF, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História – Brasil UFRGS Barbara Weinstein - State University of New Caixa Postal 15055 York, EUA Agronomia Caio Boschi - PUCMG, Brasil CEP 91501-970 Cláudio Batalha - UNICAMP, Brasil Porto Alegre-RS – Brasil Edgar de Decca - UNICAMP, Brasil Eduardo Silva - Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa, Fone/fax: (51) 3308 6639 Brasil E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Fernado Catroga - Universidade de Coimbra, Sítio: http//www.ufrgs.br/ppghist/anos90.htm Portugal http://www.seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/anos90/ Hilda Sabato – Universidad de Buenos Aires, APOIO: Argentina PROPESQ – UFRGS Ignacio Sosa Alvarez - UNAM, México Jeffrey Lesser - Emory University, EUA ©2015 Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, IFCH/UFRGS Jens Hentschke - University of New Castle, Qualquer parte desta publicação pode ser reproduzida, Inglaterra desde que citada a fonte. John French - Duke University, EUA Jorge Ferreira - UFF, Brasil Jose Pedro Rilla - Universidad de la Rep. Uruguay Roger Kittleson - Williams College, EUA Sabina Loriga – EHESS, França Anos 90: Revista de Programa de Pós-Graduação em História /UFRGS, IFCH. Programa de Pós-Graduação em História. v. 22, n. 41, Porto Alegre: PPGH, jul. 2015. Publicação semestral ISSN 1983-201X Virtual Revista indexada na Latin American Periodical Table of Con- tents – LAPTOC – e no Sistema Regional de Información em Línea para Revistas Científi cas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal – LATINDEX. SUMÁRIO EDITORIAL 11 Igor Salomão Teixeira APRESENTAÇÃO 15 Cesar Augusto Barcellos Guazzelli Arthur Lima de Ávila DOSSIÊ: ESTADOS UNIDOS: HISTÓRIA E HISTORIOGRAFIA A quem pertence o passado norte-americano? 29 A controvérsia sobre os National History Standards nos Estados Unidos (1994-1996) Arthur Lima de Ávila Os Estados Unidos entre o nacional e o transnacional: 55 o saber produzido pela circum-navegação científi ca da U. S. Exploring Expedidion (1838-1842) Mary Anne Junqueira A experiência miliciana norte-americana: 83 antimilitarismo ou pragmatismo? Vitor Izecksohn El Movimiento afro-estadounidense contra el Apartheid sudafricano: un refl ejo de la lucha 113 de la comunidad negra a nivel doméstico y su impacto sobre la política exterior de los EE.UU Valeria Lourdes Carbone Chase-Riboud: Sally Hemings: oralidad, escritura y la resignifi cación del pasado 151 Martha De Cunto Sobrevoando histórias: sobre índios e historiadores 173 no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos Soraia Sales Dornelles Karina Moreira Ribeiro da Silva e Melo Entre Cabanas e Diligências: Os Fronteiriços na Western Fiction 209 de Bret Harte e Ernest Haycox Cesar Augusto Barcellos Guazzelli Renata Dal Sasso Freitas ARTIGOS A normatização de condutas na Gália franca dos séculos VI e VII: 239 o exemplo dos cânones conciliares Thiago Juarez Ribeiro da Silva Estar, e não ser, aliado: A sociabilidade dos índios do Chaco 267 durante o avanço colonial no século XVIII Guilherme Galhegos Felippe A Prudência dos Antigos: 299 fi gurações e apropriações da tradição clássica no Brasil oitocentista. O caso do Colégio Imperial Pedro II Rodrigo Turin Em nome da unidade: 321 a traição e a moral comunista Éder da Silva Silveira RESENHAS BERBERT JÚNIOR, Carlos Oiti. A História, 351 a Retórica e a Crise de paradigmas. Goiânia: Universidade Federal de Goiás/ Programa de Pós-Graduação em História/ Funape, 2012, 296 p. ISBN: 978-85-8083-059-0. Aruanã Antonio dos Passos DARNTON, Robert. Poesia e polícia: 357 redes de comuni cação na Paris do século XVIII. Tradução Rubens Figueiredo. 1ª ed. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2014. 228 p. ISBN: 8535924116 Yllan de Mattos Mauro Dillmann 363 Normas para publicação 365 Política Editorial CONTENTS EDITORIAL 11 Igor Salomão Teixeira INTRODUCTION 15 Cesar Augusto Barcellos Guazzelli Arthur Lima de Ávila DOSSIER: UNITED STATES: HISTORY AND HISTORIOGRAPHY Who owns the american past? 29 The National History Standards controversy in the United States (1993-1996) Arthur Lima de Ávila Os Estados Unidos entre o nacional e o transnacional: 55 o saber produzido pela circum-navegação científi ca da U. S. Exploring Expedidion (1838-1842) Mary Anne Junqueira The Militia Experience in British North America: 83 anti-militarism or pragmatism? Vitor Izecksohn The African American Anti-Apartheid Movement in the United States: A Refl ection of African 113 Americans’ Struggle at home and its Impact on U.S. Foreign Policy Valeria Lourdes Carbone Chase-Riboud: Sally Hemings: speech, writing and the resignifi cation of the past 151 Martha De Cunto One fl ight over histories: about indians and historians 173 in Brazil and the United States Soraia Sales Dornelles Karina Moreira Ribeiro da Silva e Melo Between Cabins and Stagecoachs: The Frontiersmen in the Western Fiction 209 of Bret Harte and Ernest Haycox Cesar Augusto Barcellos Guazzelli Renata Dal Sasso Freitas ARTIGOS The regulation of conducts in Frankish Gaul of the sixth and seventh centuries: 239 the example of conciliar canons Thiago Juarez Ribeiro da Silva To stay, and not to be, allied: The Chaco’s Indians sociability during 267 the colonial advance in the 18th Century Guilherme Galhegos Felippe Antiquity’s Phronesis: 299 imagery and appropriations of the classical tradition in eighteenth century Brazil. The case of Colégio Imperial Pedro II Rodrigo Turin In the name of unity: 321 treason and the communist moral Éder da Silva Silveira RESENHAS BERBERT JÚNIOR, Carlos Oiti. A História, 351 a Retórica e a Crise de paradigmas. Goiânia: Universidade Federal de Goiás/ Programa de Pós-Graduação em História/ Funape, 2012, 296 p. ISBN: 978-85-8083-059-0. Aruanã Antonio dos Passos DARNTON, Robert. Poesia e polícia: 357 redes de comuni cação na Paris do século XVIII. Tradução Rubens Figueiredo. 1ª ed. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2014. 228 p. ISBN: 8535924116 Yllan de Mattos Mauro Dillmann 363 Norms for Publication 365 Editorial Policy Apresentação Cesar Augusto Barcellos Guazzelli* Arthur Lima de Ávila** “Quem será o americano, este novo homem”? (Ou quantas Américas cabem na América?) Uma outra América, um país sem nome! Os Estados Unidos da América (EUA) constituem um estra- nho país! Para iniciar, trata-se de um país “sem nome”! O histo- riador Leandro Karnal – da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) – salientou, numa conferência proferida em nossa universidade, em 2010,1 que todos os países americanos têm nomes: eles podem ser associados a heróis nacionais (Bolívia, Colômbia), a acidentes geográfi cos (Uruguai, Paraguai), aos nomes que tinham estes territórios antes da conquista (Chile, México), ou a produtos identifi cados com os lugares (Argentina, Brasil). Os Estados Unidos, ao contrário, originários das Treze Colônias, pertencentes ao Reino Unido, constituíram-se em estados, resguardando suas autonomias, * Professor Titular do Departamento de História e do Programa de Pós-Gra- duação em História da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). ** Professor Adjunto do Departamento de História e do Programa de Pós-Gra- duação em História da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Anos 90, Porto Alegre, v. 22, n. 41, p. 15-26, jul. 2015 tendo como referência o continente – a América, que lutava pela independência – em oposição a uma opressão que vinha da Europa. O país “sem nome” adotou como seu um nome que incluía outras terras e povos! É raro escutar de um estadunidense, referindo-se ao seu país, a expressão United States; bem mais comum é o uso da abreviatura U.S.A., pronunciada rapidamente, letra por letra. No entanto, America é, desde a Revolução de Independência, uma referência tão forte que mesmo os americanos de outros países se referem aos estadunidenses como “americanos” ou pelo menos “norte-americanos”.2 Mas o país, se não tinha um nome, construiu seus símbolos identitários e implementou processos políticos e sociais que lhe trariam a condição de superpotência apenas um século e meio depois de sua criação. E desde o início a formação do Estado nacional foi garantida a partir de unidades autônomas – os estados sucedâneos às colônias originais – que delegaram a um poder constituído na forma de uma federação.3 Muito antes disso, porém, já havia sido criada a representação máxima da nação, a bandeira. Primeiramente uma bandeira clandestina que representava as colônias por listras alternadas vermelhas e brancas, adotada por Washington, em 1776, mas ostentando no quadrante superior esquerdo o desenho da bandeira britânica, substituído defi
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