Renāte Siliņa-Piņķe, Sanda Rapa
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Latvia Toponymic Factfile
TOPONYMIC FACT FILE Latvia Country name Latvia State title Republic of Latvia Name of citizen Latvian Official language Latvian (lv) Country name in official language Latvija State title in official language Latvijas Republika Script Roman n/a. Latvian uses the Roman alphabet with three Romanization System diacritics (see page 3). ISO-3166 country code (alpha-2/alpha-3) LV / LVA Capital (English conventional) Riga1 Capital in official language Rīga Population 1.88 million2 Introduction Latvia is the central of the three Baltic States3 in north-eastern Europe on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. It has existed as an independent state c.1918 to 1940 and again since 1990. In size it is similar to Sri Lanka or Sierra Leone. Latvia is approximately 1% smaller than neighbouring Lithuania, but has only two-thirds the population, estimated at 1.88 million in 20202. The population has been falling steadily since a high of 2,660,000 in 1989 source: Eurostat). Geographical names policy Latvian is written in Roman script. PCGN recommends using place names as found on official Latvian-language sources, retaining all diacritical marks. Latvian generic terms frequently appear with lower-case initial letters, and PCGN recommends reflecting this style. Allocation and recording of geographical names in Latvia are the responsibility of the Latvia Geospatial Information Agency (Latvian: Latvijas Ģeotelpiskās informācijas aģentūra – LGIA) which is part of the Ministry of Defence (Aizsardzības ministrija). The geographical names database on the LGIA website: http://map.lgia.gov.lv/index.php?lang=2&cPath=3&txt_id=24 is a useful official source for names. -
Winter 2009/2010 6 C a L E N D a R S
WiNter 2009/2010 No 6 1 winter 2009/2010 i n t rINTRODUCTION o DU c t i o n welcome to balticshop! In our winter catalogue you will find many things to brighten up the darkest time of the year for yourself and your loved ones. As always, we bring you the best of what Baltic artisans have to offer. We love the quality of the hand-made straw and reed ornaments and traditional, folk-art inspired ceramics, which are not only beautiful and practicable, but also very much in fashion in this increasingly ecology conscious world. Folk music has also never gone out of style: we have just the instruments – the Latvian kokle and various flutes – to make sweet music at all those traditional festivities. We have much to cheer about this season: BalticShop is proud to have participated in the Kids First Fund project of building a family shelter for 30 mothers and children in Rugāji, in the Latgale region of Latvia. The miles and miles of geothermal piping buried in the ground provide the heat and hot water, helping this to become a warm and cozy place for abused children and their mothers. Our contribution took the form of proceeds from the limited edition of Feeding Frenzy: The Wild New World of San Jose Sharks by famous Latvian goalie Arturs Irbe, which was sold through our catalogue. With little ones in mind, we have selected for you the cute, hand-made felt bears that are a favorite with Estonian kids. They are so small they could easily fit into our little woolen purses lovingly woven with Estonian national ornaments, but they are really so cuddly your child may not want to lose sight of them even for a moment. -
LATGALE-ENG-FINAL.Pdf
Bella Dvina and Baltic Country of Lakes Estonia Russia Baltic See Viļaka municipality Balvi Rugāji municipality Byelorussia municipality Baltinava municipality Poland Kārsava district Viļāni Cibla municipality municipality Ukraine Ludza municipality Līvāni municipality Riebiņi municipality Rēzekne municipality Zilupe Vārkava municipality municipality Preiļi municipality Aglona Dagda municipality municipality Ilūkste municipality Krāslava municipality Daugavpils municipality Verkhnyadzvinsk District Rossony Rossony District Verkhnyadzvinsk Zarasai Braslaw Zarasai district Miory Anykščiai district Polotsk District Utena district Braslaw District Miory District Polotsk Anykščai Utena Vitebsk District Vitebsk Region Vitebsk The Baltic Country of Lakes is the richest with lakes in the Baltics – more than two thousand lakes are located here. The advantages of the region are its relief, nature, clean air and wonderful people. Next to the Baltic Country of Lakes lies a country with a poetic name “Bella Dvina”. This country is located in the area where the river Dvina – Daugava flows, which is well known since ancient times for the trade route “from Varangians to Greeks”. Looking at the map, one can conclude, that inhabitants of three countries – Russia, Belarus and Latvia – can consider the Western Dvina for their own. Its flow begins in Russia, and goes through Belarus. As it flows into Latvia, it is no longer Dvina, but rather Daugava, which then flows into the Baltic Sea. Active tourism throughout the year, fascinating cultural events, and picturesque sceneries – all of this comprises a unique mosaic, which provides true visual and aesthetical enjoyment. We offer you to get acquainted with the Baltic Country of Lakes – Latgale in Latvia, Aukštaitija in Lithuania, as well as the “Bella Dvina” region, which includes Latgale in Latvia and part of Vitebsk region in Belarus. -
Couronians | Semigallians | Selonians
BALTS’ ROAD, THE COURONIAN ROUTE SEGMENT Route: Rucava – Liepāja – Grobiņa – Jūrkalne – Alsunga – Kuldīga – Ventspils – Talsi – Valdemārpils – Sabile – Saldus – Embūte – Mosėdis – Plateliai – Kretinga – Klaipėda – Palanga – Rucava Duration: 3–4 days. Length about 790 km In ancient times, Couronians lived on the coast of the Baltic Sea. At that time, the sea and rivers were an important waterway that inuenced their way of life and interaction with neighbouring nations. You will nd out about this by taking the circular Couronian Route Segment. Peaceful deals were made during trading. Merchants from faraway lands Macaitis, Tērvete Tourism Information Centre, Zemgale Planning Region. Planning Zemgale Centre, Information Tourism Tērvete Macaitis, were tempted to visit the shores of the Baltic Sea looking for the northern gold – Photos: Līva Dāvidsone, Artis Gustovskis, Arvydas Gurkšnis, Denisas Nikitenka, Mindaugas Mindaugas Nikitenka, Denisas Gurkšnis, Arvydas Gustovskis, Artis Dāvidsone, Līva Photos: Publisher: Kurzeme Planning Region, Zemgale Planning Region 2019 Region Planning Zemgale Region, Planning Kurzeme Publisher: amber. To nd out more about amber, visit the Palanga Amber Museum (40) Centre, National Regional Development Agency in Lithuania. in Agency Development Regional National Centre, and the Liepāja Crafts House (6). Ancient Couronian boats, the barges, are Authors: Kurzeme Planning Region, Zemgale Planning Region, Šiauliai Tourism Information Information Tourism Šiauliai Region, Planning Zemgale Region, Planning Kurzeme Authors: -
Livonia, Rus' and the Baltic Crusades in the Thirteenth Century
Livonia, Rus’ and the Baltic Crusades in the Thirteenth Century East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450 General Editor Florin Curta Volume 29 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ecee Livonia, Rus’ and the Baltic Crusades in the Thirteenth Century By Anti Selart Translated by Fiona Robb LEIDEN | BOSTON Originally published in German by Böhlau in 2007: Livland und die Rus’ im 13. Jahrhundert (ISBN: 978-3-412-16006-7). Cover illustration: The 12th-century enkolpion with an image of Virgin Mary was found in Viltina cemetery on the Saaremaa Island, western Estonia. The findings of this type enkolpions concentrate in the region of Kiev, the westernmost exemplar is known from the Gotland Island in the middle of the Baltic Sea. Archaeological collection of the Institute of History, Tallinn University (AI 3884: 2956). ©Photo by Tõnno Jonuks. This publication has been typeset in the multilingual ‘Brill’ typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1872-8103 isbn 978-90-04-28474-6 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-28475-3 (e-book) Copyright 2015 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. -
Humanities and Social Sciences Latvia
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES LATVIA Volume 23, Issue 1 (Spring-Summer 2015) University of Latvia CONTENTS From the Editor .......................................................................................... 3 Andrejs Veisbergs Formation of the Image of Latvians in Anglophone Sources (16th-20th centuries) ..................................................................................... 4 Kristīne Rotbaha Latvian Legal Folklore: Briefly Researched. Forbidden. Forgotten? ......... 24 Brigita Zepa, Evija Kļave, Inese Šūpule Russian-Latvian Language Conflict in Urban Settings in Latvia ............... 42 Pēteris Zvidriņš, Atis Bērziņš Dynamics of Ethnic Structures in the Baltic States .................................. 65 Roger A. Ritvo, Edite Bauska, Sintija Broka, Peteris Bukovskis, Laimdota Jarmusevica, Kristine Zelenivska Public Attitudes toward Cultural NGOs in Latvia: Implications for Business, Government and NGO Partnerships in an Emerging Civil Society ................................................................................................ 75 Ivars Kassalis Economic Performance of the Riga Port Cluster ....................................... 87 Edgars Rožāns The Socioeconomic Impact of Economic Freedom ................................... 105 The Authors ................................................................................................ 126 FROM THE EDITOR Dear Reader, This is the first issue for 2015 and we expect to be able to publish the next issue in autumn-winter 2015. The authors are mainly both -
Chapter Vi Report of Divisions, Commissions, and Working
CHAPTER VI REPORT OF DIVISIONS, COMMISSIONS, AND WORKING GROUPS Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.42, on 24 Sep 2021 at 09:23:58, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0251107X00011937 DIVISION I FUNDAMENTAL ASTRONOMY Division I provides a focus for astronomers studying a wide range of problems related to fundamental physical phenomena such as time, the intertial reference frame, positions and proper motions of celestial objects, and precise dynamical computation of the motions of bodies in stellar or planetary systems in the Universe. PRESIDENT: P. Kenneth Seidelmann U.S. Naval Observatory, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW Washington, DC 20392-5100, US Tel. + 1 202 762 1441 Fax. +1 202 762 1516 E-mail: [email protected] BOARD E.M. Standish President Commission 4 C. Froeschle President Commisison 7 H. Schwan President Commisison 8 D.D. McCarthy President Commisison 19 E. Schilbach President Commisison 24 T. Fukushima President Commisison 31 J. Kovalevsky Past President Division I PARTICIPATING COMMISSIONS: COMMISSION 4 EPHEMERIDES COMMISSION 7 CELESTIAL MECHANICS AND DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY COMMISSION 8 POSITIONAL ASTRONOMY COMMISSION 19 ROTATION OF THE EARTH COMMISSION 24 PHOTOGRAPHIC ASTROMETRY COMMISSION 31 TIME Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.42, on 24 Sep 2021 at 09:23:58, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0251107X00011937 COMMISSION 4: EPHEMERIDES President: H. Kinoshita Secretary: C.Y. Hohenkerk Commission 4 held one business meeting. -
Majority and Minority Ethnic Voting in New Democracies
Identity and Agency: Majority and Minority Ethnic Voting in New Democracies Benjamin P. McClelland Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2020 © 2020 Benjamin P. McClelland All Rights Reserved Abstract Identity and Agency: Majority and Minority Ethnic Voting in New Democracies Benjamin P. McClelland This dissertation examines how ethnic identities are politicized through elections in new democracies. Using the cases of post-communist Latvia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, I compare the electoral success of campaigns which appeal to voters on the basis of ethnicity to those do not. I argue that ethnic parties are most likely in groups for whom two conditions are met. First, ethnicity must meaningfully differentiate ethnic insiders from outsiders, in such a way that voters will believe policy benefits will likely result from political representation for the group. Second, electoral institutions must ensure that the political mobilization of the group will result in electoral victory. These two conditions create fundamentally different incentives for ethnic majority groups and ethnic minority groups simply because of differences in group size. In most democracies with a large minority population, ethnic voting will be more likely among the majority group than the minority group, unless institutions encourage minority group voting by lowering barriers to entry. The results demonstrate the qualitatively different ways groups use ethnic identities as a resource to achieve political objectives, with important implications for minority group representation, political participation, and democratic governance in diverse societies. Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Why Study Ethnic Voting? . -
The Latvian Alphabet
The Latvian alphabet The Latvian alphabet is based on our own Roman alphabet, but has several extra letters. This means that every word in Latvian can be spelled as it is pronounced. The vowels have accents (macrons) over them when they are pronounced long. It’s important to make a distinction between long and short vowels, as the length affects the meaning of a word in important ways. Each letter to be introduced here with a sound-file, including a word containing (beginning with, if possible) the letter in question: A Ā B C Č D Dz Dž E Ē F G Ģ H I Ī J K Ķ L Ļ M N Ņ O P R S Š T U Ū V Z Ž You can also hear another regular and consistent thing about Latvian: the stress is also on the first syllable. Notice that some letters that we use in English are missing from the Latvian alphabet. Now another thing that you need to know about Latvian is that all nouns, and the adjectives that agree with them, are either masculine or feminine. This is true of the names of places and people as well. Rīga, the capital of Latvia is a feminine word, ending in –a, and so is Latvija, the name of the country. In Latvian the rule about spelling everything the way it is pronounced even applies to foreign names. Knowing what you know about the sounds and letters of Latvian and how they match, how would you spell your own name? Every name has to clearly show its gender. -
Cooperating Neighbours Showcasesh Brochureb H Volume 3
Cooperating neighbours ShowcaseSh BrochureB h Volume 3 Latvia–Lithuania Cross Border Cooperation Programme under the European Territorial Cooperation Objective 2007-2013 www.latlit.eu Content Introduction 6 Project Descriptions 12 I Priority - Encouragement of Socio-Economic Development and Competitiveness of the Region Business, Labour Market and Research and Technology Development LTLVMARINE 12 eBig3 33 ENTERBANK 13 Creative industries 34 FruitTechCentre 14 HipiLatLit 35 Cross boarder JRTC 15 Cross-border DISCOS 36 Business Promotion 16 I CAN WORK 37 REDBURDEN 17 FARA 38 Natural Sciences 18 MODPART 39 F.A.R. RESEARCH 19 BUILDER TRAINING 40 COPQUALITY 20 Business library 41 5L 21 ENECO 42 VILLAGE HERITAGE 22 VocEdu 43 Step into Craft 23 LTLV-MARINE-ENGINEER 44 JOINT RT UNIT 24 THEME VILLAGES 45 REGION INVEST 25 Smart 46 MatNet 26 TRUFFLE 47 Be-Able 27 EDUCATE FOR BUSINESS 48 MFORBusinessgrowth 28 Local products 49 Science ft. Industry 29 INTERACTIVE TV 50 Mission:to create 30 Start ups promotion 51 COOP EDU-SHIP 31 Invest to grow 52 Without Borders 32 Improvement of Internal and External Accessibility of the Border Region LATLIT TRAFFIC 53 Trans-Port 56 Active Tour LV-LT 54 Roadside rest areas 57 ROTLBSARM 55 II Priority - Attractive Living Environment and Development of Sustainable Community Enhancing Joint Management of Public Services and Natural Resources LatLitCBC 58 Renewable energy 70 Fire Fighting 59 GERME 71 Water quality 60 Flood 72 1FIRETEAM 61 EAE 73 CBRM II 62 INISS 74 First Aid 63 Urban Green 75 Green Environment 64 Lielupe -
VII Sēlijas Kongress Viesītē Sēlijas Novadu Apvienība
VII Sēlijas kongress Viesītē Sēlijas novadu apvienība VII Sēlijas kongress Viesītē Literārā redaktore Veronika Ruža Tulkojums angļu valodā Sanita Grīna Māksliniece Ieva Nagliņa Izdevumu sagatavoja Zanda Zībiņa, Ilma Svilāne Tekstu autori Ligita Ābolniece, Jānis Bite, Ligita Caune, Zane Cekula, Vides un reģionālās attīstības ministrija, Māra Grudule, Dainis Īvāns, Pēteris Korsaks, Andris Kupšāns, Ingrīda Kupšāne, Ēriks Leitis, Guntis Libeks, Ilze Līduma, Antra Minkeviča, Rudīte Rinkeviča, Agrita Rutkovska, Jānis Stradiņš, Regīna Valtenberga, Gina Viegliņa – Valliete Fotogrāfiju autori Aivars Bite, Mārtiņš Buclers, Pēteris Grundmanis, Ingrīda Kupšāne, Jānis Lācis, Eriks Leitis, Māris Ļaudaks, Dainis Ormanis, Roberts Orups, Gunārs Spīdainis, Ilma Svilāne, Pēteris Šmits Fotogrāfijas no Viesītes muzeja “Sēlija” un Latvijas Nacionālā vēstures muzeja krājuma, P. Sukatnieka vīnkopības un selekcijas centra “Apsītes” materiāliem, Ligitas Caunes, Pētera Korsaka un Beātes Kupšānes personīgā arhīva Paldies Eināram Cilinskim, Janinai Krasovskai, Laurai Liepiņai Izdevējs SATURS 7 Ievads 74 Pēteris Korsaks Mārtiņš Buclers un Sēlija 8 Jānis Stradiņš Mārtiņš Buclers and Selonia (summary) VII Sēlijas kongresu suminot 77 Ilze Līduma 10 Latvijas Ģeogrāfijas biedrības apsveikums Sēlieši – literārie līdzgaitnieki no Neretas The Selonians – Literary Comrades from Nereta (summary) 11 Ilma Svilāne Sēlijas kongresu vēsturi pārlūkojot 83 Jānis Bite Glancing through the History of the Congress of Selonia (summary) Viena lappuse Sēlijas kultūrvēsturiskajā atmiņā – -
Latvian Academy of Sciences Yearbook 2019
LATVIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES YEARBOOK 2019 EDITORIAL BOARD OF THE LATVIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES YEARBOOK 2019: Ojārs Spārītis, President of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Ilze Trapenciere, Advisor to the President of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Namejs Zeltņš, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Energy Efficiency Centre, Institute of Physical Energetics THE ISSUE WAS PREPARED BY: Editor-in-chief: Ojārs Spārītis Project manager: Ilze Trapenciere Editor: Regīna Jozauska Design: Līga Sarkane On the front cover: Gunārs Krollis. HAZARDOUS EQUILIBRIUM I. 97 x 74 cm Author’s medium, digital print. 2009/2018 On the back cover: Gunārs Krollis. STONE GUEST – ANTI-GRAVITATION. 97 x 74 cm Author’s medium, digital print. 2009/2018 Publisher Zinātne Ltd Registration No. 40003576967 Authors are responsible for the reliability of any facts and data declared in the articles. Copyrights to the published articles belong to the authors. Republishing of articles requires written permission by the Publisher. Printed at Jelgava tipogrāfija Ltd © Latvian Academy of Sciences, 2019 ISBN 978-9934-549-77-9 2 CONTENTS 3 Ojārs Spārītis. The President of the Latvian Academy of Sciences 5 The President of the Republic of France Emmanuel Macron’s address on awarding the Cicero Prize THE LATVIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 7 Jānis Stradiņš. Transformation of the Academy of Sciences in the 1990s and accomplishments in Latvian science 12 Structure of the Latvian Academy of Sciences 16 Divisions of the Latvian Academy of Sciences 23 Cooperation between the Baltic Academies of Sciences - Baltic Conferences on Intellectual Cooperation 25 Tālavs Jundzis. Baltic Centre for Strategic Studies of the Latvian Academy of Sciences 27 Inna Šteinbuka, Zane Zeibote, Signe Groza.