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How to Take Your Phosphate Binders
How to take your phosphate binders Information for renal patients Oxford Kidney Unit Page 2 What are phosphate binders? To reduce the amount of phosphate you absorb from your food you may have been prescribed a medicine called a phosphate binder. Phosphate binders work by binding (attaching) to some of the phosphate in food. This will reduce the amount of phosphate being absorbed into your blood stream. A list of phosphate binders and how to take them is shown below. Phosphate binder How to take it Calcichew (calcium carbonate) Chew thoroughly 10-15 minutes before or immediately before food Renacet (calcium acetate) Phosex (calcium acetate) Osvaren (calcium acetate and magnesium carbonate) Swallow whole after the first Renagel 2-3 mouthfuls of food (sevelemer hydrochloride) Renvela tablets (sevelemer carbonate) Alucaps (aluminium hydroxide) Renvela powder Dissolve in 60ml of water and (sevelemer carbonate) take after the first 2-3 mouthfuls of food Fosrenol tablets Chew thoroughly towards the (lanthanum carbonate) end/immediately after each meal Fosrenol powder Mix with a small amount of (lanthanum carbonate) food and eat immediately Velphoro Chew thoroughly after the first (sucroferric oxyhydroxide) 2-3 mouthfuls The phosphate binder you have been prescribed is: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Page 3 How many phosphate binders should I take? You should follow the dose that has been prescribed for you. Your renal dietitian can advise how best to match your phosphate binders to your meal pattern, as well as which snacks require a phosphate binder. What happens if I forget to take my phosphate binder? For best results, phosphate binders should be taken as instructed. -
Peroxy Compounds Human Health and Ecological Draft Risk Assessment DP 455445, 455446
Peroxy Compounds Human Health and Ecological Draft Risk Assessment DP 455445, 455446 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION MEMORANDUM Date: March 11, 2020 SUBJECT: Registration Review Draft Risk Assessment for the Peroxy Compounds PC Code: 000595, 063201, 063604, 063607, DP Barcode: 455445, 455446 063209, 128860 Decision No: 558073, 558074 Docket No: EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0546 Regulatory Action: Registration Review Case No: 6059, 4072, 5081 Risk Assessment Type: DRA CAS No: 7722-84-1, 79-21-0, 33734-57-5, 15630-89-4, 10058-23-8, 70693-62-8 TO: Kendall Ziner, Chemical Review Manager Rick Fehir, Ph.D., Team Lead Rose Kyprianou, Branch Chief Regulatory Management Branch (RMB) II Antimicrobials Division (7510P) Office of Pesticide Programs FROM: Andrew Byro, Ph.D., Chemist Kathryn Korthauer, Biologist Timothy Dole, Industrial Hygienist Deborah Burgin, Ph.D., DABT, Toxicologist Risk Assessment and Science Support Branch Antimicrobials Division (7510P) Office of Pesticide Programs THROUGH: Judy Facey, Ph.D., Human Health Risk Assessment Process Leader MP for JF Diana Hsieh, Ecological Risk Assessment Process Leader MP for DH Timothy Leighton, Senior Science Advisor MP for TL Laura Parsons, Associate Branch Chief Melissa Panger, Ph.D., Branch Chief Risk Assessment and Science Support Branch Antimicrobials Division (7510P) This document provides the draft human health and ecological risk assessment conducted in support of the antimicrobial use sites of the following peroxy compounds: hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, peroxyoctanoic acid, and sodium percarbonate. Page 1 of 74 Peroxy Compounds Human Health and Ecological Draft Risk Assessment DP 455445, 455446 Although the peroxymonosulfate compounds were included in the peroxy compounds Final Work Plan (FWP), they will not be included in this risk assessment. -
Calcium Acetate Capsules
Calcium Acetate Capsules Type of Posting Revision Bulletin Posting Date 27–Dec–2019 Official Date 01–Jan–2020 Expert Committee Chemical Medicines Monographs 6 Reason for Revision Compliance In accordance with the Rules and Procedures of the 2015–2020 Council of Experts, the Chemical Medicines Monographs 6 Expert Committee has revised the Calcium Acetate Capsules monograph. The purpose for the revision is to add Dissolution Test 4 to accommodate FDA-approved drug products with different dissolution conditions and/or tolerances than the existing dissolution tests. • Dissolution Test 4 was validated using a YMC-Pack ODS-A C18 brand of L1 column. The typical retention time for calcium acetate is about 4.3 min. The Calcium Acetate Capsules Revision Bulletin supersedes the currently official monograph. Should you have any questions, please contact Michael Chang, Senior Scientific Liaison (301-230-3217 or [email protected]). C236679-M11403-CHM62015, rev. 00 20191227 Revision Bulletin Calcium 1 Official January 1, 2020 Calcium Acetate Capsules PERFORMANCE TESTS DEFINITION Change to read: Calcium Acetate Capsules contain NLT 90.0% and NMT · DISSOLUTION á711ñ 110.0% of the labeled amount of calcium acetate Test 1 (C4H6CaO4). Medium: Water; 900 mL IDENTIFICATION Apparatus 2: 50 rpm, with sinkers · A. The retention time of the calcium peak of the Sample Time: 10 min solution corresponds to that of the Standard solution, as Mobile phase, Standard solution, Chromatographic obtained in the Assay. system, and System suitability: Proceed as directed in · B. IDENTIFICATION TESTSÐGENERAL á191ñ, Chemical the Assay. Identification Tests, Acetate Sample solution: Pass a portion of the solution under test Sample solution: 67 mg/mL of calcium acetate from through a suitable filter of 0.45-µm pore size. -
Decalin Dehydrogenation for In-Situ Hydrogen Production To
DECALIN DEHYDROGENATION FOR IN-SITU HYDROGEN PRODUCTION TO INCREASE CATALYTIC CRACKING RATE OF N-DODECANE Thesis Submitted to The School of Engineering of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Master of Science in Chemical Engineering By Christopher Bruening Dayton, Ohio May, 2018 DECALIN DEHYDROGENATION FOR IN-SITU HYDROGEN PRODUCTION TO INCREASE CATALYTIC CRACKING RATE OF N-DODECANE Name: Bruening, Christopher Robbins APPROVED BY: Matthew J. DeWitt, Ph.D. Donald K. Phelps, Ph.D. Advisory Committee Chairman Committee Member Distinguished Research Engineer Senior Research Chemist University of Dayton Research Institute Air Force Research Laboratory Michael Elsass, Ph.D. Kevin Myers, D.Sc., P.E. Committee Member Committee Member Lecturer Professor Department of Chemical and Materials Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Engineering Robert J. Wilkens, Ph.D., P.E. Eddy M. Rojas, Ph.D., M.A., P.E. Associate Dean for Research and Innovation Dean, School of Engineering Professor School of Engineering School of Engineering ii ABSTRACT DECALIN DEHYDROGENATION FOR IN-SITU HYDROGEN PRODUCTION TO INCREASE CATALYTIC CRACKING RATE OF N-DODECANE Name: Bruening, Christopher Robbins University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. Matthew J. DeWitt Catalytic cracking of paraffinic hydrocarbons is a widely utilized industrial process, but catalyst deactivation over time requires regeneration or replacement of the catalyst bed. A gaseous hydrogen co-feed can be used to promote hydrocracking and decrease deactivation of the catalyst due to coke formation or active site poisoning. One potential alternative approach to extend the lifetime of a cracking catalyst is to generate molecular hydrogen in-situ via catalytic dehydrogenation of a cycloparaffin. -
Dibasic Acids for Nylon Manufacture
- e Report No. 75 DIBASIC ACIDS FOR NYLON MANUFACTURE by YEN-CHEN YEN October 1971 A private report by the PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA CONTENTS INTRODUCTION, ....................... 1 SUMMARY .......................... 3 General Aspects ...................... 3 Technical Aspects ..................... 7 INDUSTRY STATUS ...................... 15 Applications and Consumption of Sebacic Acid ........ 15 Applications and Consumption of Azelaic Acid ........ 16 Applications of Dodecanedioic and Suberic Acids ...... 16 Applications of Cyclododecatriene and Cyclooctadiene .... 17 Producers ......................... 17 Prices ........................... 18 DIBASIC ACIDS FOR MANUFACTURE OF POLYAMIDES ........ 21 CYCLOOLIGOMERIZATIONOF BUTADIENE ............. 29 Chemistry ......................... 29 Ziegler Catalyst ..................... 30 Nickel Catalyst ..................... 33 Other Catalysts ..................... 34 Co-Cyclooligomerization ................. 34 Mechanism ........................ 35 By-products and Impurities ................ 37 Review of Processes .................... 38 A Process for Manufacture of Cyclododecatriene ....... 54 Process Description ................... 54 Process Discussion .................... 60 Cost Estimates ...................... 60 A Process for Manufacture of Cyclooctadiene ........ 65 Process Description ................... 65 Process Discussion .................... 70 Cost Estimates ...................... 70 A Process for Manufacture of Cyclodecadiene -
The Decomposition Kinetics of Peracetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide in Municipal Wastewaters
Disinfection Forum No 10, October 2015 The Decomposition Kinetics of Peracetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide in Municipal Wastewaters INTRODUCTION Efficient control of microbial populations in municipal wastewater using peracetic acid (PAA) requires an understanding of the PAA decomposition kinetics. This knowledge is critical to ensure the proper dosing of PAA needed to achieve an adequate concentration within the contact time of the disinfection chamber. In addition, the impact of PAA on the environment, post-discharge into the receiving water body, also is dependent upon the longevity of the PAA in the environment, before decomposing to acetic acid, oxygen and water. As a result, the decomposition kinetics of PAA may have a significant impact on aquatic and environmental toxicity. PAA is not manufactured as a pure compound. The solution exists as an equilibrium mixture of PAA, hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, and water: ↔ + + Acetic Acid Hydrogen Peroxide Peracetic Acid Water PeroxyChem’s VigorOx® WWT II Wastewater Disinfection Technology contains 15% peracetic acid by weight and 23% hydrogen peroxide as delivered. Although hydrogen peroxide is present in the formulation, peracetic acid is considered to be the active component for disinfection1 in wastewater. There have been several published studies investigating the decomposition kinetics of PAA in different water matrices, including municipal wastewater2-7. Yuan7 states that PAA may be consumed in the following three competitive reactions: 1. Spontaneous decomposition 2 CH3CO3H à 2 CH3CO2H + O2 Eq (1) 2. Hydrolysis CH3CO3H + H2O à CH3CO2H + H2O2 Eq (2) 3. Transition metal catalyzed decomposition + CH3CO3H + M à CH3CO2H + O2 + other products Eq (3) At neutral pH’s, both peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide can be rapidly consumed by these reactions7 (hydrogen peroxide will decompose to water and oxygen via 2H2O2 à 2H2O + O2). -
Determination of Aluminium As Oxide
DETERMINATION OF ALUMINIUM AS OXIDE By William Blum CONTENTS Page I. Introduction 515 II. General principles 516 III. Historical 516 IV. Precipitation of aluminium hydroxide. 518 1. Hydrogen electrode studies 518 (a) The method 518 (b) Apparatus and solutions employed 518 (c) Results of hydrogen electrode experiments 519 (d) Conclusions from hydrogen electrode experiments 520 2. Selection of an indicator for denning the conditions of precipita- '. tion . 522 3. Factors affecting the form of the precipitate 524 4. Precipitation in the presence of iron 525 V. Washing the precipitate . 525 VI. Separation from other elements 526 VII. Ignition and weighing of the precipitate 528 1. Hygroscopicity of aluminium oxide 529 2. Temperature and time of ignition 529 3. Effect of ammonium chloride upon the ignition 531 VIII. Procedure recommended 532 IX. Confirmatory experiments 532 X. Conclusions '534 I. INTRODUCTION Although a considerable number of precipitants have been pro- posed for the determination of aluminium, direct precipitation of aluminium hydroxide by means of ammonium hydroxide, fol- lowed by ignition to oxide, is most commonly used, especially if no separation from iron is desired, in which latter case special methods must be employed. While the general principles involved in this determination are extremely simple, it has long been recog- nized that certain precautions in the precipitation, washing, and ignition are necessary if accurate results are to be obtained. While, however, most of these details have been studied and dis- cussed by numerous authors, it is noteworthy that few publica- tions or textbooks have taken account of all the factors. In the 515 ; 516 Bulletin of the Bureau of Standards [Voi.i3 present paper it seems desirable, therefore, to assemble the various recommendations and to consider their basis and their accuracy. -
Excluded Drug List
Excluded Drug List The following drugs are excluded from coverage as they are not approved by the FDA ACTIVE-PREP KIT I (FLURBIPROFEN-CYCLOBENZAPRINE CREAM COMPOUND KIT) ACTIVE-PREP KIT II (KETOPROFEN-BACLOFEN-GABAPENTIN CREAM COMPOUND KIT) ACTIVE-PREP KIT III (KETOPROFEN-LIDOCAINE-GABAPENTIN CREAM COMPOUND KIT) ACTIVE-PREP KIT IV (TRAMADOL-GABAPENTIN-MENTHOL-CAMPHOR CREAM COMPOUND KIT) ACTIVE-PREP KIT V (ITRACONAZOLE-PHENYTOIN SODIUM CREAM CMPD KIT) ADAZIN CREAM (BENZO-CAPSAICIN-LIDO-METHYL SALICYLATE CRE) AFLEXERYL-LC PAD (LIDOCAINE-MENTHOL PATCH) AFLEXERYL-MC PAD (CAPSAICIN-MENTHOL TOPICAL PATCH) AIF #2 DRUG PREPERATION KIT (FLURBIPROFEN-GABAPENT-CYCLOBEN-LIDO-DEXAMETH CREAM COMPOUND KIT) AGONEAZE (LIDOCAINE-PRILOCAINE KIT) ALCORTIN A (IODOQUINOL-HYDROCORTISONE-ALOE POLYSACCHARIDE GEL) ALEGENIX MIS (CAPSAICIN-MENTHOL DISK) ALIVIO PAD (CAPSAICIN-MENTHOL PATCH) ALODOX CONVENIENCE KIT (DOXYCYCLINE HYCLATE TAB 20 MG W/ EYELID CLEANSERS KIT) ANACAINE OINT (BENZOCAINE OINT) ANODYNZ MIS (CAPSAICIN-MENTHOL DISK) APPFORMIN/D (METFORMIN & DIETARY MANAGEMENT CAP PACK) AQUORAL (ARTIFICIAL SALIVA - AERO SOLN) ATENDIA PAD (LIDOCAINE-MENTHOL PATCH) ATOPICLAIR CRE (DERMATOLOGICAL PRODUCTS MISC – CREAM) Page 1 of 9 Updated JANUARY 2017 Excluded Drug List AURSTAT GEL/CRE (DERMATOLOGICAL PRODUCTS MISC) AVALIN-RX PAD (LIDOCAINE-MENTHOL PATCH) AVENOVA SPRAY (EYELID CLEANSER-LIQUID) BENSAL HP (SALICYLIC ACID & BENZOIC ACID OINT) CAMPHOMEX SPRAY (CAMPHOR-HISTAMINE-MENTHOL LIQD SPRAY) CAPSIDERM PAD (CAPSAICIN-MENTHOL -
Stock Solutions
STOCK SOLUTIONS 5 M NaCl (F.W. 58.44) 500 ml: 146.1 g NaCl ~350 ml H2O Dissolve, then bring up to volume with H2O Sterilize by autoclaving (15 minutes) 1 M Tris, pH 8 (F.W. 121.1) 500 ml: 60.55 g Trizma base ~400 ml H2O Approximately 21.1 ml concentrated HCl (Use pH meter) Bring up to volume with H2O Sterilize by autoclaving (15 minutes) 1 M Tris, pH 7.6 (F.W. 121.1) 500 ml: 60.55 g Trizma base ~400 ml H2O Approximately 28.5 ml concentrated HCl (Use pH meter) Bring up to volume with H2O Sterilize by autoclaving (15 minutes) 1 M MgCl2 (F.W. 203.30) 100 ml: 20.33 g MgCl2 ~70 ml H2O Dissolve, then bring up to volume with H2O Sterilize by autoclaving (15 minutes) 1 M CaCl2 (F.W. 147.02) 100 ml: 14.70 g CaCl2 ~90 ml H2O Dissolve, then bring up to volume with H2O Sterilization not required 1 M MgSO4 (F.W. 246.47) 100 ml: 24.65 g MgSO4 ~75 ml H2O Dissolve, then bring up to volume with H2O Sterilize by autoclaving (15 minutes) 0.1 M MgCl2 (F.W. 203.30) 100 ml: 2.03 g MgCl2 ~95 ml H2O Dissolve, then bring up to volume with H2O Sterilize by autoclaving (15 minutes) 3 M NaOH (F.W. 40.00) 100 ml: 12.0 g NaOH ~80 ml H2O Dissolve, then bring up to volume with H2O Sterilization not required 2 M Sorbitol (F.W. 182.2) 500 ml: 182.2 g Sorbitol ~300 ml H2O Dissolve, then bring up to volume with H2O Sterilization by filtration 5 M Potassium acetate (F.W. -
Peracetic Acid Processing
Peracetic Acid Processing Identification Chemical Name(s): CAS Number: peroxyacetic acid, ethaneperoxic acid 79-21-0 Other Names: Other Codes: per acid, periacetic acid, PAA NIOSH Registry Number: SD8750000 TRI Chemical ID: 000079210 UN/ID Number: UN3105 Summary Recommendation Synthetic / Allowed or Suggested Non-Synthetic: Prohibited: Annotation: Synthetic Allowed (consensus) Allowed only for direct food contact for use in wash water. Allowed as a (consensus) sanitizer on surfaces in contact with organic food. (consensus) From hydrogen peroxide and fermented acetic acid sources only. (Not discussed by processing reviewers--see discussion of source under Crops PAA TAP review.) Characterization Composition: C2H4O3. Peracetic acid is a mixture of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in an aqueous solution. Acetic acid is the principle component of vinegar. Hydrogen peroxide has been previously recommended by the NOSB for the National List in processing (synthetic, allowed at Austin, 1995). Properties: It is a very strong oxidizing agent and has stronger oxidation potential than chlorine or chlorine dioxide. Liquid, clear, and colorless with no foaming capability. It has a strong pungent acetic acid odor, and the pH is acid (2.8). Specific gravity is 1.114 and weighs 9.28 pounds per gallon. Stable upon transport. How Made: Peracetic acid (PAA) is produced by reacting acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The reaction is allowed to continue for up to ten days in order to achieve high yields of product according to the following equation. O O || || CH3-C-OH + H2O2 CH3C-O-OH + H2O acetic acid hydrogen peroxyacetic peroxide acid Due to reaction limitations, PAA generation can be up to 15% with residual levels of hydrogen peroxide (up to 25%) and acetic acid (up to 35%) with water up to 25%. -
Chemical Resistance List
Chemical Resistance List Resistance Substance Permeation Time/Level to Degradation Fluoro- natural chloro- nitrile/ nitrile carbon butyl latex prene chloroprene rubber NR CR CR NBR FKM IIR NR NR CR CR NBR NBR NBR NBR NBR FKM IIR IIR NBR NBR 395 450, 451 720, 722 717 727 730, 732 740, 741 743 754 764 890 897 898 chemical physical 403 706 723, 725 733, 836 742, 757 state 708 726 736 - 739 759 - 0 - 0 0 + 1-methoxy-2-propanol paste 4 2 2 3 4 4 B 1 3 4 6 6 - 0 - 0 0 + 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate liquid 3 1 1 3 3 A B 2 3 6 6 - 0 0 - 0 + 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone liquid 5 2 3 3 3 2 A B 1 3 3 6 6 - 0 + + + - 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane liquid 1 0 5 4 6 6 1 1 2 1 6 1 2 - - - - - - 1.2-epoxy ethane (ethylene oxide) liquid B A A A A 0 0 0 B 1 2 - - - - - - 1.2-epoxy propane (propylene oxide) liquid B A A A 1 A 0 0 0 B 1 2 + + + + + + 1.2-propanediol liquid 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 - + - + + 0 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate liquid 2 1 1 5 6 1 1 2 6 2 3 - 0 0 0 + + 2-mercaptoethanol liquid 3 2 4 4 4 4 1 1 3 6 6 6 - - - 0 0 - 2-methoxy-2-methyl propane liquid 1 B B 2 4 A 1 4 1 3 2 2 - - - - - 0 3-hexanone liquid 1 B 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 - - - - - 0 4-heptanone liquid 1 A 1 1 1 A 0 0 0 B 3 3 - - - - - + acetaldehyde liquid 1 1 1 1 B 0 0 0 A 0 6 6 0 0 0 - - + acetic acid anhydride liquid 6 3 3 3 3 2 A B 1 B 2 6 6 + + + + + + acetic acid, 10 % liquid 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 + + + + + acetic acid, 50 % liquid 5 4 6 6 6 2 4 6 6 6 6 - - - - 0 + acetic acid, conc. -
Synthetic Turf Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting Materials
California Environmental Protection Agency Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Synthetic Turf Study Synthetic Turf Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting May 31, 2019 MEETING MATERIALS THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment California Environmental Protection Agency Agenda Synthetic Turf Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting May 31, 2019, 9:30 a.m. – 4:00 p.m. 1001 I Street, CalEPA Headquarters Building, Sacramento Byron Sher Auditorium The agenda for this meeting is given below. The order of items on the agenda is provided for general reference only. The order in which items are taken up by the Panel is subject to change. 1. Welcome and Opening Remarks 2. Synthetic Turf and Playground Studies Overview 4. Synthetic Turf Field Exposure Model Exposure Equations Exposure Parameters 3. Non-Targeted Chemical Analysis Volatile Organics on Synthetic Turf Fields Non-Polar Organics Constituents in Crumb Rubber Polar Organic Constituents in Crumb Rubber 5. Public Comments: For members of the public attending in-person: Comments will be limited to three minutes per commenter. For members of the public attending via the internet: Comments may be sent via email to [email protected]. Email comments will be read aloud, up to three minutes each, by staff of OEHHA during the public comment period, as time allows. 6. Further Panel Discussion and Closing Remarks 7. Wrap Up and Adjournment Agenda Synthetic Turf Advisory Panel Meeting May 31, 2019 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment California Environmental Protection Agency DRAFT for Discussion at May 2019 SAP Meeting. Table of Contents Synthetic Turf and Playground Studies Overview May 2019 Update .....