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Dieses Buch Entstand Aus Den Recherchen Für Die BBC Dank Dieses Buch entstand aus den Recherchen für die BBC-Fernsehserie Oppenheimer, in deren Verlauf ich annähernd fünfzig ehemalige Kollegen und Freunde Oppenheimers interviewt habe. Alle halfen mir und stellten mir geduldig ihre Zeit zur Verfügung. Zu besonderem Dank bin ich verpflichtet: Kenneth Bainbridge, Priscilla Duffield, Lloyd Garrison, Harold Green, George Kistiakowsky, Kenneth D. Nichols, Frank und Jackie Oppenheimer, Isidor Rabi, Roger Robb, Edward Teller, joseph Volpe und Robert Wilson. Zu Beginn meiner Arbeit hat mich Barbara Mulkin vom PublicRelations Büro in Los Alamos besonders großzügig unterstützt. Ich schulde ihr und ih­ ren Kollegen besonderen Dank, speziell für die Illustrationen. Gleichfalls bin ich JamesTuck, Robert Serberund Ulla Frisch verpflichtet, die mir Photographien aus ihrem Privatbesitz zur Verfügung stellten. Boris Pash erteilte mir die Genehmigung zur Reproduktion von Abbildungen aus seinem Buch The Alsos Mission (Die Alsos Mission). Mein Dank geht auch an W. G. Marley und John Charap, die mich in technischen Aspekten des Manu­ skriptes gut beraten haben. Aufgrund der <Freedom of Information Act> (Gesetz zur Sicherstellung der Informationsfreiheit) hatten wir Zugang zu den FBI-Akten über]. Robert Oppenheimer. Ich schulde Caroline Davidson großen Dank für ihre sachkun­ dige Hilfe bei der Sichtung und Auswertung dieser umfangreichen Materia­ lien. Die Photographien und Illustrationen hat Katharine Everett besorgt und in den Text integriert. Für diesen unschätzbaren Beitrag zu diesem Buch stehe ich tief in ihrer Schuld. Die Produktion der Fernsehserie und das Schreiben des Buches liefen über weite Strecken parallel, und ich habe dabei außerordentlich viel vom Dialog mit dem Produktionsteam profitiert. Peter Prince möchte ich beson­ ders erwähnen. Er hat das Drehbuch der Serie geschrieben, und mit ihm habe ich das meiste der gemeinsamen Arbeit recherchiert und diskutiert. Nicht zuletzt möchte ich meinen Dank auch an Rena Butterwiek und Pa­ mela King abstatten. Beide haben mir bei der Erstellung der verschiedenen Manuskriptfassungen geholfen. Victoria Huxley und Charles Elton von BBC­ Publications schließlich haben das Manuskript editoriell betreut und in ihrer sympathischen und professionellen Art die Herausgabe des Buches besorgt. 297 Literatur Blumberg, Stanley A., Energy and Conflict: The Life and Times ofEdward Teller, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1976. Brode, Bernice, Tales ofLos Alamos, published in the bi-weekly LASL Community News, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 2 June- 22 September 1960. Brown, J ohn Mason, Through these Men, Hamish Hamilton, 19 56. Chevalier, Haakon, The Story ofa Friendship, Andre Deutsch, 1966. Compton, Arthur Holly, Atomic Quest, Oxford University Press, 19 56. Davis, Nuel Pharr, Lawrence and Oppenheimer, Sirnon and Schuster, 1968; Jonathan Cape, 1969. Groueff, Stephane, Manhatfan Project, Collins, 1967. Hewlett, Richard G. and Anders an, Oscar Jr., The New World, a History of the Atomic Energy Commission, Vols I & II 1939-1946, Pennsylvania State University Press, 1962. lrving, David, The Virus House. Germany's Atomic Research and Allied Counter-measures, William Kimber, 1967. Jette, Eleanor, Inside Box 1663, Los Alamos N.M., Los Alamos Historical Society, 1967. Kimball Smith, Alice and Weiner, Charles (Ed.), Robert Oppenheimer, Letters and Recollections, Harvard University Press, 1980. Kunetka, James W., City of Fire. Los Alamos and the Birth of the Atomic Age 1943-1945, Prentice Hall Inc, 1978. Lamont, Lansing, Day ofTrinity, Atheneum, 1965. Lifton, Robert Jay, Death in Life. The Survivors ofHiroshima, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1967. Michelmore, Peter, The Swift Years, Dodd, Mead and Company, 1969. Oppenheimer, J. Robert, Science and the Common Understanding, BBC Reith Lecture, 1953, Oxford University Press, 1954. Sherwin, Martin J., A World Destroyed. The Atomic Bomb and the Grand Alliance, Vintage Books Random Hause, 19 77. Stern, Phillip M. (in collaboration with Harold P. Green), The Oppenheimer Case: Security on Trial, Harper & Row, 1969. US Atomic Energy Commission, In the Matter ofj. Robert Oppenheimer, Transcript of Hearing before Personnel Security Board and Texts of Principal Document and Letters, MIT Press, 1971. Wilson, Jane (Ed.), All in Our Time, The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 1975. 298 Ergänzend zu den Literaturangaben der Originalausgabe des Buches finden sich nachfolgend einige Hinweise auf deutschsprachige Literatur zum Thema. Baruch, Bernard M.: Gute 88Jahre, München 1958. Born, Max: Mein Leben, München 19 7 5. Clark, Ronald W.: Albert Einstein, Esslingen 1974. Cornpton, Arthur H.: Die Atombombe und ich, Frankfurt 19 58. Davis, N. P.: Die Bombe war ihr Schicksal, Freiburg 1971. Diebner, K., Bagge, E., Jay, K.: Von der Uranspaltung bis Calder Hall, Harnburg 1967. Dyson, Freernan: Innenansichten. Erinnerungen in die Zukunft, Basel 19 81. Frisch, Otto R.: Woran ich mich erinnere. Physik und Physiker meiner Zeit, Stuttgart 1981. Gerlach, Walther: Otto Hahn, ein Forscherleben unserer Zeit, München1970. Groves, Leslie R.:]etzt darf ich sprechen, Köln 1965. Hahn, Otto: Mein Leben, München 1968. Hahn, Otto: Erlebnisse und Erkenntnisse, Düsseldorf 1975. Herbig, Jost, Kettenreaktion. Das Drama der Atomphysiker, München 1979. Herneck, Friedrich: Bahnbrecher des Atomzeitalters, Berlin 197 4. lrving, David: Der Traum von der deutschen Atombombe, Gütersloh 1967. Jungk, Robert: Heller als tausend Sonnen, Frankfurt 1968, 5. Aufl. Kipphardt, Heinar: In der Sache]. Robert Oppenheimer, Frankfurt a. M. 1972. Laurence, Williarn L.: Dämmerung über Punkt Null, München 1949. Laurence, Williarn L.: Wasserstoffbomben, Frankfurt 19 51. Leithäuser, J oachirn: Werner Heisenberg, Berlin 19 57. Ludwig, Karl-Heinz: Technik und Ingenieure im Dritten Reich, Düsseldorf 1974. Moorehead, Alan: Verratenes Atomgeheimnis, Braunschweig 1953. Oppenheirner, Julius Robert: Wissenschaft und allgemeines Denken, Harnburg 1958. Oppenheirner, Julius Robert: Atomkraft und menschliche Freiheit, Harnburg 1967. Russell, Bertrand: Autobiographie III (1944-1967), Frankfurt 1974. Shepley,]. R.; Blair, C.: Die Wasserstoffbombe, Stuttgart 1955. Srnyth, Henry de Wolf: Atomenergie und ihre Verwertung im Kriege, Basel 1947. Speer, Albert: Erinnerungen, Berlin 1969. 299 Bildquellen Abkürzungen AlP: American Institute ofPhysics AP: Associated Press Photo BL: Baneraft Library, University ofCalifornia LASL: Los Alamos Scientific Labaratory LBL: Lawrence Berkeley Labaratory OMC: Oppenheimer Memorial Committee UPI: United Press International Photo S. 2 T. W. Harvey; S. 6 LASL; S. 10: UPI; S. 11 oben: OMC, unten; S. 12: OMC; S. 13: OMC; S. 15: Courtesy ofHarvard University Archives; S. 16: Cavendish Laboratory; S. 19: Dr. Aage Bohr; S. 20 oben: Ramsey and Muspratt, unten: AlP Niels Bohr LibraryjMeggers Collection; S. 23: Peter Goodchild; S. 24: Photopress Zürich; S. 25: BL; S. 26: Hulton Picture Library; S. 27: Mrs. Molly Lawrence; S. 28: Dr. Rossi Lomanitz (links) unbe­ kannt (rechts); S. 29: Dr. Robert Serber; S. 30: LBL; S. 31: BL; S. 32 BL; S. 34: Dr. Robert Serber; S. 35: Dr. Robert Serber; S. 38: OMC; S. 39: UPI; S. 41: UPI; S. 45: Gertrud Weiss-Szilard; S. 46: LBL; S. 47 oben: AlP Niels Bohr Library/Moffett Studios, unten: BL; S. 50: AlP Niels Bohr Library; S. 51 oben: Ullstein Bilderdienst, unten: Mrs. Ulla Frisch; S. 52 oben: BL, unten: LASL; S. 53 oben: Dr. Robert Serber, unten: Illustrated London News' Pic­ ture Library; S. 54 oben: LASL, unten: Mrs. Ulla Frisch; S. 55: Mrs. Ulla Frisch; S. 58: USArmy Photograph 3741; S. 59: AP; S. 60: Smithsonian Insti­ tution; S. 61: AlP Niels Bohr LibraryjColumbia University; S. 62: Argonne National Laboratory; S. 65: LBL; S. 70: LASL; S. 71: LASL; S. 74: Dr. Robert Serber; S. 75 oben: LASL, unten: LASL; S. 76: LASL; S. 77: LASL; S. 78: Nick Metropolis LASL; S. 79: Peter Goodchild; S. 81: LASL; S. 82: Dr. James Tuck; S. 86: LASL; S. 87 oben: AIPNiels Bohr LibraryjGoudsmit Collection, unten: LASL; S. 90: Popperfoto; S. 91 oben: John Lansdale, unten: US Army Photograph; S. 93: OMC; S. 101: Oak Ridge National Laboratory; S. 105: AIPNiels Bohr LibraryjUniversityofCalifornia; S. 106: OakRidge National Labaratory (links) LBL (rechts); S. 107: du Pont; S. 109: LASL; S. 110 oben: Popperfoto, unten: Dr. Emilio Segre; S. 111: LASL; S. 112: Colonel Boris Pash; S. 113 oben: Dr. Samuel Goudsmit, unten: Colonel Boris Pash; S. 114 oben: David Irving, unten: Ullstein Bilderdienst; S. 117 oben: Dr. G. Marley, unten: LASL; S. 121: Dr. James Tuck; S. 123: LASL; S. 124: LASL; S. 125: Dr. Robert Serber (links) Dr. James Tuck (rechts); S. 126: LASL; S. 127: Pop­ perfata (links) AP(rechts); S. 128: LBL; S. 129: LASL; S. 131: >Life<; S. 134 oben; LASL, unten: Dr. Kenneth Bainbridge; S. 135: Dr. Kenneth Bain­ bridge; S. 136: LASL; S. 137 oben: UPI, unten: LASL; S. 140: US ArmyPho­ tograph 209189; S. 141: LASL; S. 143: LASL; S. 145: PeterGoodchild (links) AP(rechts); S. 147: LASL; S. 149: unbekannt; S. 151 LASL; S. 152: LASL; S. 300 155: US Army Photograph 260301; S. 157: LASL; S. 158: Mrs. Ulla Frisch; S.159oben:LASL,unten:AP;S.160:LASL;S.161:LASL;S.163:LASL;S. 164: unbekannt; S. 165: Popperfoto; S. 166: LASL; S. 168: LASL; S. 169: Popperfoto; S. 170: Popperfoto; S. 173: Keystone Press; S. 174: Keystone Press; S. 175: Popperfoto; S. 177: Dr. James Tuck (links) Dr. Robert Serber (rechts); S. 178: Dr. Robert Serber; S. 179: UPI; S. 182: AIP(Herausgeber); S. 184: OMC; S. 185: George Skadding >Life< ©Time lnc 1963; S. 186: UPI; S. 187: Popperfoto; S. 189: AP; S. 191: Popperfoto (links) US Department of Energy (rechts); S. 192: LASL; S. 193: Institute for Advanced Study, Prince­ ton (links) UPI (rechts); S. 194: AP; S. 195: >Washington Times Herald<; S. 196: Argonne National Laboratory; S. 197: Alfred Eisenstaedt >Life< © Time lnc 1947; S. 201: AP; S. 202: Popperfoto; S. 203: UPI; S. 205: AP; S. 209 oben: LASL, unten: Popperfoto; S. 210: LASL; S. 213: Popperfoto (links) UPI (rechts); S. 215 oben: AlP Niels Bohr LibraryfMeggers Collection, unten: UPI; S. 219: AP; S. 220 oben: US Air Force, unten: Popperfoto; S. 225: Popperfoto; S. 227: AP; S. 231: Popperfoto; S. 232: Peter Goodchild; S. 236: AP; S. 237: AP; S. 241: UPI; S. 243: UPI; S. 244: Popperfoto; S. 245 oben: US National Archives, unten: Mrs.
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