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WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research: Report of the Eighteenth Meeting WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research: Report of the Eighteenth Meeting WHO/WHE/IHM/GIM/2017.1 WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research Report of the Eighteenth Meeting Geneva, Switzerland 2–3 November 2016 INFECTIOUS HAZARD MANAGEMENT 1 WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research: Report of the Eighteenth Meeting 2 WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research: Report of the Eighteenth Meeting WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research Report of the Eighteenth Meeting Geneva, Switzerland 2 and 3 November 2016 3 WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research: Report of the Eighteenth Meeting © World Health Organization 2017 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization.. Suggested citation. WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research: Report of the Eighteenth Meeting, Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris. Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders. To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see http://www.who.int/about/licensing. Third-party materials. If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. This publication contains the collective views of the WHO Adivsory Committee on Variola Virus Research and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the policies of WHO. 4 WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research: Report of the Eighteenth Meeting Contents Executive Summary......................................................................................................................................... 7 1. Report of the WHO Secretariat - Dr Peter Salama, Dr Sylvie Briand, Dr A. Khalakdina and Mr A. Costa 9 2. Report on research proposals submitted to WHO in 2015-2016 - Professor D. Evans ....................... 11 3. Report on the variola virus collection at the WHO Collaborating Centre Repository in VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation – Dr S. Shchelkunov .................................................... 12 4. Report on the variola virus collection at the WHO Collaborating Centre for Smallpox and Other Orthopoxviruses at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America - Dr I. Damon .................................................................................................................................. 13 5. Update variola virus repositories biosafety inspection visits - Dr K. Kojima ..................................... 15 6. Use of live variola virus to determine whether mice are a suitable animal model for human smallpox: update on disease pathogenesis - Dr C. Hutson ............................................................................................. 15 7. Use of live variola virus to maintain and regenerate non-infectious variola derived materials for diagnostic development support – Dr I. Damon ............................................................................................ 17 8. Use of live variola virus to evaluate antiviral agents against smallpox - Dr V. Olson ........................ 18 9. Use of live variola virus to support less-reactogenic vaccine development: continued evaluation of “third” generation vaccines - Dr V. Olson ..................................................................................................... 20 10. Gene sequencing of variola virus in a Lithuanian mummy – Professor G. Smith .............................. 21 11. Update on LC16m8 vaccine - Dr H. Yokote ....................................................................................... 22 12. Update on smallpox vaccine IMVANEX®/ IMVAMUNE® - Dr N. Samy ......................................... 22 13. Progress towards approval and deployment of TPOXX®/ Arestyvr® (ST-246) - Dr D. Hruby ........ 23 14. Update on the development of Brincidofovir (CMX001) for smallpox - Dr F. Gray ......................... 24 15. FDA perspective on the development and approval of smallpox medical countermeasures - Dr L. Borio ............................................................................................................................................................ 24 16. An interactive modelling approach to assessing the role of antivirals - Dr A. Kosaraju ..................... 25 17. Discussion on criteria for approval of essential public health research ............................................... 26 18. Recreation of horsepox virus using synthetic biology - Professor D. Evans ....................................... 29 19. General Discussion.............................................................................................................................. 31 20. Closing and next steps ......................................................................................................................... 36 Annexes ANNEX 1. Research proposals submitted to WHO in 2015-2016 ................................................................ 37 ANNEX 2. Abstracts of presentations ........................................................................................................... 38 ANNEX 3. Agenda of the Eighteenth meeting of the Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research ...... 50 ANNEX 4. List of participants ...................................................................................................................... 53 ANNEX 5. Terms of Reference of the Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research ............................. 56 5 WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research: Report of the Eighteenth Meeting 6 WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research: Report of the Eighteenth Meeting Executive Summary The Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research (ACVVR) held its Eighteenth meeting on 2 and 3 November 2016 at WHO Headquarters in Geneva. ACVVR functioning As requested by the 69th World Health Assembly in May 2016, the Advisory Committee’s Terms of Reference have been refreshed and the membership has been expanded to include new members including those with specific expertise in synthetic biology and public health preparedness. The Advisory Committee reviewed the implications for its upcoming work in light of the 69th World Health Assembly’s decision to have a substantive agenda item at the 72nd World Health Assembly in May 2019 on the destruction of smallpox virus stocks. The Advisory Committee is expected to address research priorities in the interim period cognizant that the risk of smallpox re-emergence has increased as a result of the advent of synthetic biology technologies. Reports on the virus collections The Advisory Committee received reports on the virus collections held at the two WHO Collaborating Centres that are authorized as repositories of variola virus: the State Research Centre for Virology and Biotechnology (VECTOR), Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation, and the US Centers for Disease
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