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Histochemical Structure of Stomach (Proventriculus and Gizzard) in Some Bird Species

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Histochemical Structure of Stomach (Proventriculus and Gizzard) in Some Bird Species Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi Suleyman Demirel University (2), 115-122, 2015 Journal of Natural and Applied Science 19 Histochemical Structure of Stomach (Proventriculus and Gizzard) in Some Bird Species Emel DEMİRBAĞ1*, Kenan ÇINAR1, Mehmet Ali TABUR1, Reşat Nuri AŞTI2 1Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Arts&Sciences, Department of Biology, Isparta 2Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Histology&Embryology, Ankara .03.2015 .04.2015) (Alınış Tarihi: 17 , Kabul Tarihi: 10 Keywords Abstract: (Accipiter nisus), crow (Corvus corone Passer domesticus) were Stomach samples (proventriculus and gizzard) of sparrow hawk CrowStomach ) and sparrow ( reaction to Sparrow hawk investigated in this study. In histochemical investigations, strong sulfated mucins Mucosubstance were not determined in compound glands of proventriculus, but a little AB (pH 0.5) in compound glands was observed in proventriculus of sparrow hawk observand crow. While weak AB (pH 1.0) (+) character was found in sparrow gizzard, it Histochemistry was found as dense in superficial glands of sparrow hawk. However, it was not ed in crow gizzard. While AF (+) character (sulfated mucins) was detected as dense in epithelium and as- weak in glands of gizzard of sparrow hawk, this character was not observed in glands of gizzards of crow and sparrow. Any reactivity to Periodic Acid Shiff (PAS) staining was not observed in both epithelium and glands of sparrow proventriculus. Bazı Kuş Türlerinde Mide (Proventrikulus ve Gizzard)’nin Histokimyasal Yapısı Anahtar Kelimeler: Özet: Accipiter nisus), karga (Corvus corone (Passer domesticus Atmaca Bu çalışmada atmaca ( ) ve serçeden KargaMide ) alınan mide örnekleri (proventrikulus ve gizzard) incelendi. Serçe Histokimyasal incelemelerde, proventrikulusun bileşik bezlerinde güçlü sülfatlı Mukosubstans musinlere rastlanmadı; fakat atmaca ve karga proventrikulusunda bileşik bezlerde Histokimya AB (pH 0.5)’e karşı zayıf bir reaksiyon gözlendi. Serçe gizzardında zayıf AB (pH 1.0) (+) karakter bulunurken, atmacanın superficial bezlerinde yoğundu. Bununla birlikte karga gizzardında bu karaktere rastlanmadı. AF(+) karakterin (sülfatlı musinler) atmaca gizzardının epitelinde yoğun, bezlerinde zayıf olduğu- tespit edilirken; karga ve serçe gizzardlarının bezlerinde bu karakter gözlenmedi. Serçe proventrikulusunun hem epiteli hem de bezlerinde Periyodik Asit Shiff (PAS) boyamasına karşı hiç bir reaksiyon gözlenmedi. 1. Introduction trprotection of hydrate level above epithelial barrier for pathogenic and toxical materials, and a The mucosal tissues of the systems associated with ansparent gel level for epithelium change under the external environment such as gastrointestinal, gas and foods. In addition to protection function, the respiratory, reproductive, and urinary tracts are mucus includes a lot of disease period (Allen, 1981). covered with, resident2008). microbial flora, which vary Mucus include that %95 water (maximum level) %1 considerably in composition and complexity protectingsalts, lipid proteinsacids, phospholipidssame as growing and factors.cholesterol, Also, (Linden et al. Mucus is a sticky and viscous lisosomes, immunoglobulins, defensins and complex secretion secreted by goblet cells in Forstner,columnar epithelium which is surrounding and this material has glycoprotein consist important connected with all organs. (Allen, 1981; Neutra and portion of the material. The mucus composes of 1987). In addition this, mucus glycoprotein (%2), synthesing viscous elastic glycoproteins are secreted by sweat glands, features and an important portion of the material exocrine glands, mammal and tumor cells (Straus (Boat and Cheng, 1980). Mucins are high molecular and Dekker, 1992). Mucus in this locations have a weight glycoproteins which constitute the major lot* İlgili of yazar: functions [email protected] that substance transportation, component of the mucus layer and are produce by E. Demirbağ, K. Çınar, M.A. Tabur, R.N. Aştı, Histochemical Structure of Stomach (Proventriculus and Gizzard) in Some Bird Species 2010). many epithelial tissues in vertebrates (Liman et al.,- samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution The mucins such as sulfated or sialic acids during 24 hours and then fixed materials were that are classified as neutral, acidic and high thoroughly washed in running water. After, these sulfated connection tissue mucins by contents of materials dehydrated in a- series of alcohol series acidic groups (Jones, 1977). and cleared in xylene, they were embedded in paraffin wax. Sections of 6 7µm thickness were cut. PHistochemical studies on the distribution of various The sections were then subjected histochemical mucosubstances in chick (Altamirano et al., 1984; staining techniques listed in Table1. The sections astor et al., 1988; Jamroz et al., 2006), pigeon micrpassed through the series of alcohol and xylene (Inforzato de Lima and Sasso, 1985), fowl (Imai et series after that were investigated under light al., 1991), guinea fowl (Selvan et al., 2008); mucins oscopy after having been covered with entellan. and lipids in duck (Shyla et al., 1992) were available The preparationswere taken.were examined by light yet, the present study was performed to further microscope that Olympus CX 41 and photographs of unveil the distribution and localization of various 3.related Results regions histochemical components and to compare them in bird species (sparrow hawk, crow and sparrow) 2having. Materials different and feeding. Methods Lamina epithelialis (L. epithelialis)It was determined that strong sulfated mucins (ABA. nisuspH 0.5)), crow were (C. corone)dense in P. domesticus) of proventriculus of sparrow hawk ( StomachAccipiter samples nisus (proventriculus), crow (Corvus and coronegizzard) for and sparrow ( sparrowthe present (Passer study domesticuswere removed from five sparrow while the mucins were few in simple glandsventriculus (Fig. 1).of hawk ( Accipiter nisus), )crow and However it was not determined strong sulfated (Corvus corone ). ApparentlyPasser domesticus healthy) mucins in compound glands of pro and adult sparrow hawk ( sparrow, there were weak reaction to AB (pH 0.5) in ) and sparrow ( compound glands of proventriculus of sparrow Table 1 were sacrificed for the present study. Tissue hawk and crow. STAINING TECHNIQUES MUCINS : The staining techniques used in this study to determine some mucosubtances Alcian Blue (AB) pH 0.5 (Lev and Spicer, 1964) Strong- sulfated mucins AB pH 1.0 (Lev and Spicer, 1964) O sulfate estered mucins AB pH 2.5 (Lev and Spicer, 1964) Carboxylated (sialic or uranic acide) mucins Aldehyde Fuchsin- (AF) (Gomari, 1952) Sulfated mucins Periodic Acid Shiff (PAS) (McManus, 1948) Neutral mucins AB/PAS (Mowry, 1956) Distinction between acidic and neutral mucins AF/AB (Spicer and Mayer, 1960) Distinction between sulfomucins and sialomucins A B C Figure 1 L.epithelialis : Strong sulfated mucins (AB pH 0.5) in (thick arrows) and simple glands (thin arrows) of proventriculus. (A) Sparrow hawk, (B) Crow, (C) Sparrow. Scale Bar: 100 µm. 116 E. Demirbağ, K. Çınar, M.A. Tabur, R.N. Aştı, Histochemical Structure of Stomach (Proventriculus and Gizzard) in Some Bird Species goblet cells (L. epithelialis Strong sulfated mucins were determined as dense in of sparrow hawk and in superficial glands of crow ) of gizzard of sparrow were observed weak and moderate reactions to AB hawk (Fig. 2A). And also, that reaction was observed (pH 0.5). But, it was not determined strong sulfated as little on 2/3 of epithelial cells of gizzard in crow mucins in glands of gizzard of sparrow (Fig 2C). (Fig. 2B) and poor in sparrow. All glands of gizzard A B C Figure 2 L.epithelialis : Strong sulfated mucins (AB pH 0.5) in (thick arrows) and glands (thin arrows) of gizzard. (A) Sparrow hawk, (B) Crow, (C) Sparrow. Scale Bar: 100 µm. - In epithelial cells, massive reactivity of AB (pH 1.0) hawk and in simple glands in proventriculus of (O sulfate estered mucins) was determined in sparrow (Fig. 3A, 3C). While reactivity was not proventriculus of studied three species (Fig. 3A, 3B,ow sparrow.observed simple and compound glands in 3C). Reactions were massive in simple and proventriculus of crow and compound glands of compound glands in proventriculus of sparr A B C Figure 3 L.epithelialis : Sulfate estered mucins (AB pH 1.0) in (thick arrows) and glands (thin arrows) of proventriculus. (A) Sparrow hawk, (B) Crow, (C) Sparrow. Scale Bar: 100 µm. L.epithelialis While sulfate estered mucinsL.epithelialis were found little in was as weak (AB pH 1.0) in sparrow gizzard and as of gizzard of sparrow, they were dense in superficial glands of sparrow hawk gizzard, determined as dense in of gizzard of but this character was not observed in crow gizzard. sparrow hawk and crow (Fig. 4). Positive reaction A B C Figure 4: B pH 1.0) in L.epithelialis Sulfate estered mucins (A of gizzard (arrows). (A) Sparrow hawk, (B) Crow, (C) Sparrow. Scale Bar: 100 µm. 117 E. Demirbağ, K. Çınar, M.A. Tabur, R.N. Aştı, Histochemical Structure of Stomach (Proventriculus and Gizzard) in Some Bird Species L.epithelialis It was observed reaction was weak to carboxylated In histochemical investigations, any reactivity PAS to Re(acidic) mucins (AB pH 2.5) in simpleL.epithelialis glands of PAS staining was not observed in both proventriculus in the studied three species. and glands of proventriculusL. epithelialis of sparrow. of sparrow, activity of AB (pH 2.5) was found in reaction was detected as dense
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