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Lathyrus Sylvestris L.) Morfologiniams Ir

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Lathyrus Sylvestris L.) Morfologiniams Ir ALEKSANDRO STULGINSKIO UNIVERSITETAS MIŠKŲ IR EKOLOGIJOS FAKULTETAS Aplinkos ir ekologijos institutas Aurelija Reipaitė NETIKROSIOS MILTLIGĖS (PERONOSPORA VICIAE (BERK) CASPARY) ĮTAKA MIŠKINIO PELĖŽIRNIO (LATHYRUS SYLVESTRIS L.) MORFOLOGINIAMS IR SĖKLŲ PRODUKTYVUMO RODIKLIAMS Antrosios studijų pakopos (magistro) baigiamasis darbas Studijų sritis: Biomedicinos mokslai Studijų kryptis: Biologija Studijų šaka: Ekologija Studijų programa: Taikomoji ekologija Akademija, 2014 Antrosios studijų pakopos (magistrantūros) Taikomosios ekologijos studijų programos baigiamųjų darbų vertinimo komisija (patvirtinta Rektoriaus 2014 m. gegužės 6 d. įsakymu Nr. 148 PA): Pirmininkas: Gamtos tyrimų centro Botanikos instituto Ekonominės botanikos laboratorijos vadovas dr. Juozas Labokas (mokslininkas); Nariai: Miškų ir ekologijos fakulteto dekanas, Miško biologijos ir miškininkystės instituto docentas dr. Edmundas Bartkevičius (mokslininkas); Aplinkos ir ekologijos instituto profesorė dr. Laima Česonienė (mokslininkė); Aplinkos ir ekologijos instituto direktorius profesorius dr. Vitas Marozas (mokslininkas); Kauno marių regioninio parko direktorė Nijolė Eidukaitienė (socialinė partnerė, praktikė). Mokslinis vadovas: lekt. dr. Nijolė Maršalkienė, Aleksandro Stulginskio universitetas Konsultantas: prof. dr. Vitas Marozas, Aleksandro Stulginskio universitetas Instituto direktorius: profesorius dr. Vitas Marozas, Aleksandro Stulginskio universitetas Recenzentas: dr. Žydrūnas Preikša, Aleksandro Stulginskio universitetas Oponentas: dr. Aida Stiklienė, Aleksandro Stulginskio universitetas 2 Reipaitė A. Netikrosios miltligės (Peronospora viciae (Berk) Caspary) įtaka miškinio pelėžirnio (Lathyrus sylvestris L.) morfologiniams ir sėklų produktyvumo rodikliams. Taikomosios ekologijos studijų programos magistro darbas / Vadovė dr. N. Maršalkienė; ASU. – K., 2014. – 51 p.: 29 pav., 6 lentelės. Bibliogr.: 38 pavad. SANTRAUKA Baigiamajame darbe 2012–2013 m. tirta netikrosios miltligės (Peronospora viciae (Berk) Caspary) įtaka skirtingos geografinės kilmės miškinio pelėžirnio (Lathyrus sylvestris L.) cenopopuliacijų morfologiniams ir sėklų produktyvumo rodikliams. Darbo objektas – iš skirtingų Lietuvos rajonų surinktos dvylika miškinio pelėžirnio cenopopuliacijų, augančių vienodos agrotechnikos sąlygomis. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti netikrosios miltligės įtaką skirtingų cenopopuliacijų miškinio pelėžirnio morfologinias ir sėklų produktyvumo rodikliams. Darbo metodai – įvertinti skirtingų miškiniopelėžirnio cenopopuliacijų stiebo aukštis, žiedynų, ankščių, sėklapradžių ankštyje skaičius, ankšties produktyvumo, vieno stiebo sėklų produktyvumas. Atsparumas netikrajai miltligei įvertintas 5 balų sistema, atsparumo įtaka ankščiau išvardintiems rodikliams įvertinta naudojantis programa STATISTIKA 8. Rezultatai. Tyrimo metų duomenimis, miškinio pelėžirnio stiebo aukščiui, žiedynų skaičiui ir ankščių produktyvumui lemiamą įtaką turėjo cenopopuliacijos genotipas ir tyrimo metų meteorologinės sąlygos. Didesnis miškinio pelėžirnio stiebo aukštis teigiamai įtakojo ankščių (r=0,7539) ir sėklų skaičių (r = 0,6223). Stabiliausias iš tirtų rodiklių tyrimo metais buvo sėklapradžių (vid. 12,4 vnt.) skaičius ankštyje (V = 4,7), labiliausi – ankščių (vid. 21,6 vnt.; V = 36,5) ir subrandintų sėklų skaičiaus (vid. 151,1 vnt., V = 39,8) rodikliai. Miškinio pelėžirnio atsparumas netikrajai miltligei įtakojo tokius rodiklius kaip ankščių skaičius, sėklaparadžių skaičius ankštyje ir ypač bendras stiebo sėklų skaičius. Nustatyta statistiškai patikima vid. stipri teigiama tiesinė priklausomybė tarp cenopopuliacijų atsparumo netikrajai miltligei balo ir ankščių skaičiaus (r=0,6967), tarp atsparumo ir sėklapradžių skaičiaus ankštyje (r=0.5956 ), bei stiebo sėklų skaičius (r=0,6285).Tirtų cenopopulajų atsparumas netikrajai miltligei neturėjo stipraus geografinio prieraišumo, tačiau vienos iš atspariausių šiai ligai ir didžiausiu sėklų produktyvumu pasižyminčių cenopopuliacijų buvo Vakarų ir Šiaurės Vakarų Lietuvos cenopopuliacijos (Akmenės r. Pavirvytė; Raseinių r. Kryžkalnis; Klaipėdos r. Klaipėda). Raktažodžiai: miškinis pelėžirnis (Lathyrus sylvestris), netikroji miltligė (Peronospora viciae), morfologija, sėklų produktyvumas, atsparumas. 3 Reipaitė A. Influence of downy mildew (Peronospora viciae (Berk) Caspary) on mrphological and seed productivity parameters of flat pea (Lathyrus sylvestris L.): Master thesis of Applied Ecology study program / Supervisor dr. N. Maršalkienė; ASU. – K., 2014. – 51 p.: 29 figures., 6 table. References: 38 titles. ABSTRACT Influence of downy mildew (Peronospora viciae (Berk) Caspary) on morfological and seed productivity parameters of different geographical origins flat pea (Lathyrus sylvestris L.) cenopopulations have been investigated in 2012-2013. Subject of the research – 12 flat pea (Lathyrus sylvestris L.) cenopopulations from different geographical origins of Lithuania, grown on equal agrotechnic conditions. Aim of the research – estimate an influence of downy mildew on flat pea morfological and seed produktivity parameters. Methodology – to evaluate stem height, number of inflorescence, pods, ovules per pod and pod productivity, one stalk of seed productivity of different flat pea coenopopulations. Resistance to downy mildew is rated by 5-point scale, impact of resistance on above listed parameters estimated using the statistics program STATISTICA 8. Results. The research data shows, that genotype of coenopopulation and meteorological conditions had a decisive influence on flat pea stem height, number of inflorescences and pod productivity. Height of stem influenced positively pod (r = 0,7539 ) and seed number (r = 0,6223 ). The most stabile from the investigated parameters were number of ovules (mean 12,4 pcs.) per pod (V = 4,7 ), most labile – number of pods (mean 21,6 pcs., V = 36,5 ) and the number of mature seeds (mean 151,1 pcs., V = 39.8). The flat pea resistance to downy mildew influenced such parameters as the number of pods, number ovules in pod and especially stem seeds number. Statistically reliable, positively linear correlation was determined between the coenopopulations resistance to downy mildew and the number of pods (r = 0,6967 ) between the resistance and the number of ovules per pod (r = 0,5956 ), the number of seeds per stem (r = 0,6285 ). The resistance to downy mildew hadn't a strong geographical attachment, but by the bigest resistance and the highest seed productivity were characterized coenopopulations from Western part and North West of Lithuania (Akmenė distr. Pavirvytė, Raseinia distr. Kryžkalnis, Klaipeda distr. Klaipėda). Keywords: flat pea (Lathyrus sylvestris), downy mildew (Peronospora viciae), morphology, seed productivity, resistance. 4 TURINYS ĮVADAS ................................................................................................................................... ........6 1. LITERATŪROS APŽVALGA ..................................................................................................8 1.1. Pupinių (Fabaceae) šeimos reikšmė .....................................................................................8 1.2. Lathyrus gentis ......................................................................................................................9 1.2.1. Lathyrus gentis pasaulyje ir Lietuvoje .........................................................................9 1.2.2. Kultivuojamos Lathyrus rūšys Lietuvoje ....................................................................10 1.2.3. Savaiminės pelėžirnių rūšys Lietuvoje ........................................................................11 1.3. Miškinis pelėžirnis (Lathyrus sylvestris L.)..........................................................................14 1.3.1. Miškinio pelėžirnio paplitimas.....................................................................................14 1.3.2. Botaninė charakteristika, biologija...............................................................................15 1.3.3. Miškinio pelėžirnio panaudojimas................................................................................18 1.4. Pelėžirnių ligos .....................................................................................................................18 1.4.1. Plačiausiai paplitę pelėžirnių ligos................................................................................18 1.4.2. Netikroji miltligė...........................................................................................................20 2. METODIKA ...............................................................................................................................22 2.1. Tyrimo objektas, vieta ir sąlygos .........................................................................................22 2.2. Tyrimo atlikimo laikas ir metodai.........................................................................................23 2.3. Netikrosios miltligės pažeidimų įvertinimas ........................................................................25 2.4. Statistinis įvertinimas ...........................................................................................................26 2.5. Meteorologinės sąlygos ........................................................................................................26 2.6. Fenologiniai ir netikrosios miltligės pasirodymo duomenys................................................28 3. TYRIMŲ REZULTATAI ...........................................................................................................30
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