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Ideas fuse at 'Synthesis' Congress Press Release XXII SUSK CONGRESS

The 22nd Congress of the of the outgoing SUSK executive Ukrainian Canadian Students' were discussed, a new constitu- Union (SUSK) took place from tion was adopted, resolutions 27 to 30 August 1981 at York outlining future SUSK activity University in Toronto. Despite were passed, and a new SUSK dismal weather throughout executive was elected — all much of the weekend, the in an extremely business-like congress had ove'r a hundred manner and without the usual registered delegates for the discussion which had become a seminars and lectures, with hallmark of interminable con- several hundred more attending gress plenary sessions. the social events. Several factors accounted The theme of the congress for this smooth-running plenary was "Synthesis" — an ex- session. Firstly, the reports of amination of the present state of the executive members and the the Ukrainian community in proposed constitution and by- Canada and an attempt to look laws were made available to the delegates registering. at how the once separate Ukrai- upon In nian and Canadian elements this way, many potential have been combined into a new problems were ironed out prior synthesis — Ukrainian- to the plenary session. Also, Canadian society. To this end, there seemed to be fundamen- thirty-four speakers from tal agreement among delegates various parts of the country on the direction of SUSK activi- gathered to .deliver presen- ty for the following year. Finally, tations on various aspects of and perhaps most significantly, being Ukrainian in Canada to- as the past year was one fraught day. with controversy within SUSK, On Thursday evening, most delegates were interested delegates gathered for registra- in building a solid base for the tion and a wine and cheese 1981-1982 year instead of con- reception. The conference tinuing heated and protracted began on Friday morning with a zabava took place on Friday Union. Two sessions proved Toronto addressed the ques- debates. session entitled "Alternative evening. The keynote address particularly interesting and tion of the present state of the The resolutions passed at Paths to Synthesis". W. Roman at the banquet was delivered by evoked prolonged discussion. Ukrainian community in the congress reflected, to a Petryshyn from Edmonton gave Christine Pastershank- During the session on the Canada and whether it is indeed large degree, the problems a brief historical overview of the Devrome from Saskatoon, who Ukrainian Canadian Committee evolving towards a Ukrainian- raised in the sessions held on immigrations to Canada, focus- is the executive director of the (UCC), Jaroslaw Bilak and Canadian synthesis. Discus- Friday and Saturday. The basic ing on the different situations Ukrainian Canadian Council David Lupul, both active at sion in this session tended to thrust was to avoid the encountered by the various (KYK) of Saskatchewan and numerous UCC congresses, focus on the language question "motherhood" resolutions and immigrations of Ukrainians to chairman of the Board of spoke about the problems in- and the relevance of the Ukrai- focus instead on concrete Canada and on the differing Governors of the University of volved in having the UCC, in its nian language for maintaining a proposals for SUSK activity in the following year. levels of ethnic awareness ex- Sas kat c hewa n . Ms. present form, as the represen- viable Ukrainian-Canadian perienced by these im- Pastershank-Devrome spoke tative body for Ukrainians in community. Although opinions The plenary ended with the migrations and their descen- about the activity of the Ukrai- Canada. Active discussion also were divided on the question, election of the 1981-1982 SUSK dants. Following this nian Canadian Council in took place in the fourth im- the general consensus was that executive, headed by the new presentation a panel provided Saskatchewan. After the ban- migration session. Here, our community must accom- SUSK president, George an overview of the present-day quet, everyone danced to the Bohdan Mykytiuk, president of modate all types of Ukrainians. Samoil from Edmonton. The Ukrainian community in strains of Toronto's the Canadian Ukrainian Im- As one discussant put it: "Our core group of the executive will different Canadian settings: "Verkhovyna" at the congress migrant Aid Society, and llya community needs those be in Edmonton this year, Edmonton; Myrnam, Alberta; zabava. Mankovsky, a Ukrainian Jew, Ukrainians who only eat although there are several ex- Toronto; and Kingston, On- Saturday continued with spoke about the difficulties varenyky, those who write ecutive members located in tario. concurrent sessions, covering involved in emigrating to poetry about varenyky, and Toronto, Winnipeg, London Friday afternoon saw con- topics as diverse as Ukrainian Canada and the problems faced those who conduct academic and Ottawa as well. current sessions on the topics media in Canada, trips to by recent Ukrainian immigrants research about varenyky," One left the 22nd SUSK of Ukrainian-Canadian culture, Ukraine, multiculturalism and in integrating into Ukrainian- After a full day of sessions, Congress with the feeling that declining enrolments in Ukrai- the constitution, the role of Canadian society. congress participants spent the not only had it been an nian studies courses at Cana- women in Ukrainian society in The conference portion of evening at Ontario Place's educational and informative dian universities, organizing Canada, language retention the congress ended with a Edelweiss Pub. weekend but that SUSK has a club activity, and Student. and Ukrainian identity, and single session. "Towards Syn- Sunday was devoted to solid base upon which to con- The congress banquet and human rights in the Soviet thesis", Yury Boshyk from official SUSK business. Reports tinue its activity through the 1 981 -1982 academic year. Popular protests challenging regime Unrest growing in Ukraine

Recent reports from tory of the All-Union Scientific indicate that the organizers of in Kyiv for pasting leaflets massive one-day unauthorized Ukraine confirm the growth of Research Institute for Farm- the strike were members of the (together with 5 other people) in demonstration to protest food popular unrest and worker Machine Building in Kyiv. regional and city Communist the city. The contents of the shortages and national repres- militancy. The first strike began when party committees. Reprisals leaflet are unknown. On April sion. The militancy and the administration of the factory end of the Mylkovsky charged with According to these reports, followed the second 21 , was organization which has arbitrarily raised the norms of strike. hooliganism and sentenced to 5 the strikers marched through characterized the numerous production while maintaining At the same time, a strike years imprisonment. Mylkovsky the streets of Ivano-Frankivsk strikes in Poland seems to have the same rate of pay. As a result also occurred at the reinforced is married and has a 2 year old during the whole day, shouting rubbed off on some of their of the strike, the old norms were concrete-making factory in son. slogans such as "Give us

fellow workers across the re-introduced. Kyiv. The strikers were able to Bread," "Give us I n border in Ukraine. At the end of The second strike centred win their demands to have the Reports have surfaced that dependence" and "Where are March and beginning of April of on the inept city water works production norms brought early this year, in January, up to the food produc.ts?" Surprising- this year, two strikes, each system in the Kyiv- down to their previous level. 5,000 people in the city of Ivano- ly, by the end of the day the lasting a day and a half, took Sviatoshynsky region where In February of this year, Frankivsk, Ukraine (formerly store shelves had suddenly " place at the construction fac- the factory is located. Reports Marko Mylkovsky was arrested Stanislaviv) participated in a become well-stocked with many consumer goods. Inside: Sonia Maryn, Leo , George Samoil & Myrna Kostash At the second annual meeting of the Student collective at All signed letters of reasonable length which comply with Canadian libel and the day before the 22nd Congress of the large, which met on slander laws will be printed unedited (save for purposes of clarity) in this column. We Ukrainian Canadian Students' Union (SUSK) in Toronto, Will not print anonymous letters, but if for personal reasons contributors wish to great concern was voiced over the many difficulties the withhold their names or use a pseudonym, this can be arranged. In all cases, however, Student working collective is facing in producing a monthly we require both a genuine signature and a return address. forum for Ukrainian Canadian students. The difficulties encountered in publishing this newspaper were identified as the following: lack of funds, too few contributions of articles razzle-dazzle, sounding as if traviolet strength also produce trom students, poor distribution of issues, and a need for you know what you're talking large variations in THC content. younger student participation in the production of the Australian Praise about, then you lay on the pitch The above would make newspaper. Since the problems are so readily identifiable, we that whatever position you hold grass a manufacturer's night- would hope that out Student working collective can organize (i.e. Koskovych on grass) is the mare, (this again assumes grass I'm enclosing a bank che- itself in a more efficient manner so as to improve our one-and-only true position. The is legalized), for you could que worth CAN. $10.00 for two performance in these areas. But, simply stated, we cannot do scientific data in Koskovych's never assure the "pot con- year's subscription of Student. it all ourselves. article is used to sway the sumer" of identical quality con- Also, just thought I'd drop a Granted, we have talked to some student club presidents reader into not only agreeing trol each time. Stringent quality line (or two) on how interesting across the country about the need for more articles and with his position (to leagalized control would be expensive, I find your paper, especially the whatever financial aid they can spare from their clubs. We are pot), but also to convince the hence the price of grass could varied points of view on the computerizing our mailing system. We are encouraging, and reader into believing that possibly still be as expensive as direction (s) of Ukrainian socie- achieving some success in developing a new generation of Koskovych's argument on pot is today. ty in the western world (I prospective young journalists. But overall, our basic problem the only real conclusion that The slick marketing of purposely avoided the term remains with the currency of success, ie. money. any logical, sane human being grass would greatly diversify 'free' world). Financially, Student is coming to terms with some of its can arrive at. Nice try, grass use patterns. True, the These thoughts are all the advertising problems. In past years, advertisements in Koskovych! average person would use more interesting in that they Student from Ukrainian community businesses have been moderate amounts but, as with originate not only from your Koskovych's article pays commonly given asdonations, the advertisers expecting little alcohol, many more high fre- own Canada, but from other, lip-service to considerations if any profit from the appearance of ads on the pages of this multi-faceted aspects quency, high dose grass users mainly European countries. about the newspaper. Although seen as an unviable financial base by of the issue, at would result — a Hence, I'm informed of current grass but dotes many, advertising can be realistically vitalized by the length on the merits of grass phenomenon regularly seen trends in (as well as conflicts in) appearance of national advertising beside our regular use. with any legal consumer Ukrainian political thought, Moreover, Koskovych goes advertisers. Student is now a member of the Canadian product once the item is taken social and cultural issues. to a lot of trouble to blend in the University Press (CUP) and its ad co-op Plus. In the Campus readers' minds the experimen- from being sold halfed-ass (as it Finally, I future, we will receiving national advertising via Campus can compare the be tal with his subjective is illegally now) to being legally changing nature of Ukrainian data Plus, and hopefully we will attract more businesses to speculations on the socio- marketed to consumers 'en advertize in what the national advertizers emigre society in Canada, with see as a viable cultural and legal implications masse'. market. the one here in Australia. In of grass use. Koskovych's Increased use of grass many respects. I find the two However, these sources of cash flow are not enough to points on legalization, for ex- would not only make the sustain the operation versions very similar. of Student We need more than a "pat ample, tend to make rather government a bundle of cash the professional Keep the printing of an on back" by admiring SUSK alumni and grandiose assumptions that, from taxation (another means supporters. open Ukrainian paper going, We need some cold, hard cash for our product, decriminalization occurs of ripping off the consumer on and in once money over and beyond the cost of a subscription for what good luck your current (and it will), that legalization will another product) but at the many people have praised as "the most stimulating and financial troubles. Igor Demianenko automatically follow. Not so. same time would allow studies entertaining Ukrainian Canadian newspaper." Without this presently Dickson Act, Australia One does not necessarily have to be set up which are type of donation. Student may not only arrive late to your to follow the other in social too expensive. I refer to large doors, it might not arrive at all. policy development and the scale human trials to obtain We need help not only from professional and business reader should bear the above in epidemiological data as a result people, Pot shots at and our other supporters in the Ukrainian communi- mind. of marketing and legalizing ty. need more from We support our own students' union, as Koskovych's assumptions grass. One must question the well as from the student clubs which make up SUSK. To this Koskovych on marketing of grass are ethics of the above. end. we would hope that all of the Ukrainian student clubs moronic to say the least. The Lastly, Koskovych went to a across Canada would contribute some of the proceeds of Koskovych's article on the active compound in grass is lot of trouble to present his their fund-raising events to Student. In addition, we would non-medical of use marijuana THC (delta-9- readers, or should 1 say 'sell' like to see other organizations who wish to contribute to the deserves comment. The author tetrahydocamibanol). THC is, them, the merits of grass by development of student journalism among Ukrainians in is guilty of taking advantage of chemically, extremely unstable pointing to a historical perspec- Canada to respond to our appeal for funds. the scientific naivete of most and varies over short periods of tive of grass use in Ukrainian We believe that Student is an ongoing project which is readers to establish himself as time as to the percentage THC culture. The attempts to worthy of the support of the Ukrainian community in Canada, an "expert" on all questions still active. Temperatures dur- "market" his argument by for it is a contribution to the future of our community. We look pertaining to whether or not ing storage and handling appealing to the common forward to a generous response from all of our readers and cannabis should be legalized produce tremendous variations denominator of most readers of supporters in our current drive to re-establish Student on a and/or marketed. in the percentage of active THC. sound financial basis. Pot Shot's continued Once you've duped the In addition, soil and moisture THE STUDENT COLLECTIVE reader through technical conditions plus the sun's ul- page 14 a At six bucks Student is a steal! STUDENT WETUD1AIUT SUBSCRIBE! — if you are a paid member of any Ukrainian Students' Club Please address all correspondence to: (SUSK) in Canada, then you will be receiving Student Student regularly. #435, 10766 — 97 St., — if you are not a member, then you stand to miss several issues of Student Edmonton, Alberta, this year- T5J 2P2 DON'T BE DISAPPOINTED! ACT NOW) SUBSCRIBE! Subscriptions are $6.00 per STUDENT :s a national monthly newspaper tor Ukrainian-Canadian year students, published by SUSK, the Ukrainian Canadian Students' Or take two years for only $10.00 Union NOTE: Institutional rates now $12.00 per year. Student is an open forum tor tact and opinion, reflecting the Interests ot Ukrainian-Canadian students on various topics — social, cultural, political and religious. Please send $6.00 (Can.) to: The opinions and thoughts expressed In Individual signed articles #435, 10766 — 97 St., are the responsibility of their authors, and not necessarily those ol — II you are not a member and have not re-subscribed in Ibe las! year, then the Student staff. Student's role Is to Edmonton, Alberta serve as a medium through your subscription to Student may expire alter August 1981. which discussion can be conducted on given Issues from any point of T5J 2P2 view. Letters, to the editor are welcome. We reserve the right to edit NAME , materials tor publication.

Staff This Issue: Darcla Antonlshka, Jars Balan, Myroslaw Bodnaruk, Lou Bommer, Dana Boyko, Mark Ferbey, Demjan Hohol, Dave Lupul, Sonla Maryn, Roman Olekslj, Polntdexter, George Samoll, Peter Sochan, Paul 'Tete' Teterenko, Pavlo Vlrsky, Ivan K., and Prolessor Fasola, (Welcome Backt).

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Page 2: STUDENT, September 1981 .

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A critical look at Ukrainian Toronto. Sonia Maryn A Hromada Divided The following speech by Sonia Maryn was given to populations, filled various professional ranks, and have its associated organizations has been especially the 1981 Ukrainian Canadian Students' Union been in (SUSK) prominent government office in Western derelict in this respect. Its disregard for those Congress, at York University in Toronto. Ukrainian centres than in centres in the East. Irrespec-— Ukrainians who choose a line of thought or identity, I tive of the self-perception of 1 was 24 years old before met a third generation these Ukrainians political or otherwise, which does not fall into step with Ukrainian Canadian. A third of my life had expired, yet I whether they are active participants in the community, the doctrinaire credo they espouse, has been ex- had never consciously interacted, on a personal basis, if they identify themselves as Ukrainian. Ukrainian- pressed not merely as disapproval but open condemna- with someone from a sector of the Toronto Ukrainian Canadian, or Canadian — they're there .they were there tion. That to utter a word against the community is community only an organization removed from my from the frontier days, they've established their interpreted by certain members of this and other quandrant of the hromada. It's not an isolated presence and they form an integral and indelible part of emigre groups as perfidious and enough to phenomenon. I've passed through the phases of my the landscape. automatically label one as being a "Marxist" is such an particular process of socialization with many in- On the other hand, the East has neither the absurd notion that it must be wholly endemic to tradition, nor the high dividuals, who, 1 am willing to gamble, can make a proportional distribution of Toronto and its characteristic morasse of emigre similar statement, and, in many cases, can probably populace, nor the strong sense of belonging that comes intrigue, or at least to those centres where a large make no such statement becuase the experience has from the collective knowledge that your parents, or enough contingent of these paranoics can organize never been theirs. Although a seemingly innocuous your grandparents or your great grandparents built this and conduct such an inquisition. fact, as asocial phenomenon it's highly indicative of the country. It is this siege mentality that has resulted in nothing composition and character of the Toronto Ukrainian It's a historical sense completely divorced from my of a constructive nature within the Toronto Ukrainian community. In a word, we are a community of factions. experience as a first generation easterner. My parents community and has, more often than not, been the This identifying mark of factionalism is one that is struggled through forced labour terms in Germany direct cause of mass disenchantment, apathy or rooted in a number of fundamentally divisive during the 2nd WW. My grandparents suffered through alienation among the youth. denominators, be they characterized by political, two artificially inflicted famines in Ukraine and my great Although this is the most extreme example of organizational, religious, generational, economic or grandparents were herded onto cattle cars and forced emigre repressiveness there are other typical social factors. to abandon their homes in sub-human conditions that characteristics whose consequences can be just as As a first generation Ukrainian Canadian (that is, would eventually kill one of them, severe. The stratification of Ukrainians according to child of immigrant parents) steeled In the ritualsof the [gsgffijt's been a widely divergent experience lor my third old-world class distinctions is alive and well in Toronto, Ukrainian-6atholic faith, product of 11 years of ridha generation friend and forme. What has determined that and firmly implanted in the minds of certain of the shkola and kursy, survivor of almost as many years in divergence is less the regional question — East or West offspring of this group of individuals. A product of post- which is best — and far the the cadres of the Ukrainian Youth Association and more generational WW II emigre parents is easily categorized and slotted victim of various Ukrainian rites de passages of distinction of our upbringing. Part and parcel of this according to a number of criteria: Ukrainian school is childhood, adolescence and early adulthood — I have distinction the importance of locality. For example, if attended; youth organization with which affiliated; the

arrived, thankfully intact, and with faculties at least I am a first generation Ukrainian Canadian from choir one sang with, and above all else, the facility of nominally functioning, at a certain level of con- Winnipeg, my parents and those who settled in Ukrainian language. It is no secret that within certain sciousness of my ethnicity and the multifarious Winnipeg after WW II with them form only 5% of sectors of our emigre community strong facility in

ramifications thereof Winnipeg's overall Ukrainian population. If I live in Ukrainian language is the only ticket needed to be Getting there, of course, was all the fun. Basically, Edmonton, my parents and their fellow emigres accepted as a "Class A"; "Grade A" Ukrainian. Anyone if it involved many directional zigzags, various road, comprise only 3.2% of the Ukrainian population. But I with a less than exceptional ability. m Ukrainian is blocks, several gear changes, inevitable back-ups. live in Toronto, one third of the 37 ,000 Ukrainians who excluded from this honour and can expect to be numerous full stops and the occasional head-on emigrated to Canada after the 2nd World War settled relegated to a most insignificant status by these Its 401 during rush right here to form a total of 20-6% of Toronto's Krasnomovtzi. collision. like being on the hour— , highly evolved Darwinian Ukrainian population. In alt. that's still only about a fifth It's an outlook often{carried over into first genera- you invariably develop a " sense or it's;game,oyerr Z.~ "-*** of the Ukrainians in Toronto^ but its well above the tion Ukrainian Canadians. Comments like "as far as I'm ^^^^^ national of Growing up a D.P. kid makes. ..for: a myriad of ; proportion post WWH immigrants' to concerned someone who doesn't speak Ukrainian just : Canada, running about 6.3%. some experiences, the logic of which is unfathomable unless isn't a Ukrainian" give a clear indication of where — you've been there, and ranging, in consequence, from The large proportion of post WW II Ukrainian people are at. It's a comment made by a peer of mine effect the tragic to the absurd. To say the very least, it can emigres in Toronto has had a great on communi- first generation, impeccable language skills. And it's result in a slightly schizophrenic existence: one foot in ty affairs. The presence of emigres in Toronto is. not the first time I've heard it. But it's an opinion, that's seemingly, all the gieater, as they've consistently of our community the quagmire of 19th century Galician backwoods, and : not reflected by a large portion the other in a fast-paced, hightech metropolis where maintained a high profile within the community Although a study, conducted in 1976, showed 51.1% of organizational, church and social In economic and social advancement are the bottom fine. ; through various respondents from the Toronto area claiming fluency A concern for ethnocultural identity can be viewed from groups and their respective functions. It Is the post WW the Ukrainian language. 83.3% of these were im- both sides of the looking glass as being, at best, I emigre community that established in Toronto the migrants, only 15.4% were first generation Ukr- youth organizations, SUM, Plast, and ODUM and Canadians and among second, third and older genera- paroch ial , and thus relegated accordingly. The dilemma intrinsic to these circumstances can swelled the ranks of the existing youth group. MUNO, tion respondents, only 2% claimed fluency. be more intense than that experienced by the individual These organizations endeavoured to raise theiroffspr- Significantly, in terms of frequency; of use, 0% of the whose Canadian roots reach a generation or two ing with a high degree of national, cultural and fluent first generation respondents claimed everyday deeper. Nonetheless; there is a. clear nexus point at linguistic consciousness. Although pre-WW H youth use of the language. 34% claimed to use the language rarely some degree of intensity for all of us of Ukrainian.. organizations like SUM K and Ukyu continued to exist often but almost as many, 28.8% claimedto use it retention is Canadian origin. How close to that nexus point the and fiourish. it was mainly the aforementioned groups or never. As far as attitude toward language felt it very Toronto community arranges itself is a question worthy that gained in terms of numbers and finances concerned, whereas 33.9% of immigrants 1 this period. The youth organizations, retain language skills, that conviction was of much exploration, ^^^^^ throughout desirable to Toronto boasts a Ukrainian community of between togetnerwith their parent organizations (the League for only shared by 14.2% of first generation respondents. Ukraine, the Ukrainian National trend is clear. Language skill, use and interest 65 and 80 thousand — it depends on whose doing the the Liberation of The boasting. The 1971 census figure, the most recent Federation and other affiliated groups), in effect, are dwindling As a means of identity for Ukr- II increasingly losing its definitive source, records Toronto's Ukrainian popula- eclipsed the activities of the pre-WW Ukrainian Canadians, language facility is might expected, identifying factors of tion at 60,755. Bear in mind that this is out of a general community. At least for a time. As be relevance. Other traditional for the 1971 population figure for Toronto of 2,628,000 in 197-1. or feelings of resentment toward the immigrant groups ethnicity reveal a similar trend. Statistics prominence, that 81.7% of Ukr-Can's identify 2.3%. It doesn't quite compare to Winnipeg's 11.9%, or soon grew. They assumed greater census show • Ukrainian Canadians Edmonton's 12.6%. In Saskatoon, where the Ukrainian marginalizing the relevance of earlier groups. Often, themselves as Canadians, not as for the entire community rates are plummeting community is equivalent in size to that of Hamilton, they acted as spokespersons as might be expected. Endogamy where, in fact, they represented a highly subjective ; — 1961 and 1971, marriages occuring where Ontario, the popu latioh is 1 1 ,4% of the total population. between But Hamilton's Ukrainian community forms a mere point of view, and, wittingly, or unwittingly, in many Doth spouses were of Ukrainian descent dropped from of the earlier (it's note in 192t, the rate 2,8;% of that city's populace: Basic differences in cases, they undermined the significance 53.5% to 38,7% interesting to demographic make-up between the Ukrainian com- associations. was 87.4%), This is not to say that mixed marriages munities of Western and Eastern Canada are thus Antagonisms arose and formed the basis tor automatically result in loss of ethnb-cultural identity, it imply demonstrated and go a long way toward explaining generational factionalism that would ultimately keep nor, for that matter, does that endogamous voting perceptions of the community, from °cw||g5 me from meeting my third generation friend for marriages necessarily guarantee against such a loss That these barriers not been reconciled' But chances of assimilative forcescoming into greater Canadian , and community perspective, between the decades. have are challenge lies, Eastern and Western Ukrainian experiences In Ed- is evident still today The orthodox community, for play in these cases increased. The conflicts in such unions, as might advocate, monton, for example, chances of encountering example, is continually beleaguered by not preventing some and in a greater receptiveness and con- someone of Ukrainian descont in one's routine under- between the respective camps of "star emihranty" 'but' ensuring polarity have duciveness within the community toward them and in takings are about eight to one. In Torcnto the stakes are "novobrybuli". The ramifications of this often filtered into groups of these providing readily accessible avenues along which somewhat higher — 40 to 1 In terms of what proportion through the youth times, values be retained (or learned) and of the community claims professional status, and. two wings — SUMK and ODUM — resulting, at ethno-cultural can consequently, gleans inherent economic and social more in alienation than cooperation. instilled in subsequent generations. That the emigre community These, and other Indications point to the fact that benefits, in Alberta U totals 6.6% of the total number of certain sectors of realities and Alberta professionals And whereas. Ukrainians com- present themselves as preferential representatives for we must, as a community, confront these order to meet the prise 9% of Manitoba's professionals, they only form the entire Ukrainian community was clearly articulated reassess our available resources in : effective fashion. 2;0%'.of the overall Ontario figure. In terms of elected earlier this year, when the editor of the Ukrainian Echo, needs of the day in an "evolutionary" representatives, whereas between the years of 1914 an English language organ of the League forLiberation Regrettably, little evidence of this II the Toronto and 1975. Albena had 67 elected representatives to the in Ukraine, was quoted as staling that the post-WW frame of mind seems, to permeate organizations provincial legislature, and Manitoba, m the same Ukrainian Immigrants formed a kind of "aristocracy of Ukrainian community. The emigre when discussion period, had 69. Ontario's first MLA, was elected as late Ukrainians in Canada." repeatedly don blinkers and earmuns ^^^^^ - everything's A.O.K. they tell us. The as 1945 and between that year and 1975 there have Neglect in defining Ukrainians as a heterogeneous of change arises with varying ramifications of catering to an increasingly been, in all, only 14 elected members to the Ontario community, composed of many groupings social legislature :^^1^^^^^ political affiliations and a number of generational In other words, greater proportions of Ukrainians origins has been exhibited by many emigre factions in Maryn continued on page 13 \Joi a greater period of time have comprised the the past. The League for trie Liberation of Ukraine and STUDENT, September 1981, Page 3 A look back at the past Shared Struggles: SUSK culture and shove it.Theytraded provided a base to resist the derstanding of how the educa- tion we had received covered Myrna Kostash is a well-known Cana- in the nuclear family for the capitalist. monolith. Three: that up it's all right to fight in your own or mystified the calamity, the journalist. The author of commune, acquisitiveness for dian writer and sharing, discipline and self- interests. You don't have to be a deprivation, even the heroism of two books, All of Baba's Children and A control for openess and spon- Vietnamese peasant or a coal so many North American lives, on strike to fight back we began to see how our own story of the taneity, the hangover for miner Long Way from Home: the ecstatic hallucinations. And, against what hurts you and community propagates its own self-serving mythologies. For sixties generation in Canada, she writes a finally, near the end of the diminishes your life. This was decade, the Women's Libera- particularly helpful for example, that ours is a saga of weekly column in the Edmonton Journal tion Movement advanced the Canadians to learn: we, too, stoical and tractable peasants were dominated by American and workers who slowly but and is a regular contributor to Chatelaine revolutionary and shocking (even to revolutionaries) idea Institutions and values, we, too, surely reaped the rewards of magazine. Several articles by her have that there was more than one had the right to throw them off private enterprise through at stake: yes, one so that, upright, we could be patience and diligence. This appeared in previous issues of Student revolution by the working class, and one by free to fashion who we are. In was not the whole story by a The following is the text of a talk she gave the women coming up from our co-ops and communes, in long shot, and we began to say thanks the explosive courses at under the man, which is to say our festivals and be-ins, in our so. And, to this summer to students taking the systematic, systemic, ad hoc committees and ideas of the Women's Liberation the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute privilege of males. strategizing sessions, we learn- Movement, we learned to train a Well, looking back on all ed that there is no point in feminist eye on the Ukrainian It deals with in Boston, Massachusetts. this, what can we say we learn- talking about the construction Community, to strip away the how the social movements of the 1960's ed from it? We learned that the of a new society without in- sentimentality about "Saba" United States is an imperialist cluding within it the construc- and the "Good Ukrainian affected the Ukrainian youth of that power, as dangerous to the tion of a new culture and new woman" and to expose the generation. security of the world as is the consciousness. Unless our patriarchal core of Ukrainian USSR (some would say more politics integrate the issues of culture: it has been erected on dangerous). We learned that the family life, sexuality, health, the backs of women. collaboration among the state, ecology, education, art and In the second place, the the military, the corporations, ethics, we will just reproduce values of the counterculture the business-as-usual unions the same old alienations and validated certain "ethnic" In 1959, a small group of black people from the long and the multiversity made it all insecurities, in other words, the values. Suddenly, it was students and professors in night of their terrorization and but impossible that people have same old haves and have-nots okay — it was even Montreal marched at Christ- humiliation. No more Mr. Nice control over their lives in the but in psychic terms. necessary — to be spon- mastime to protest the Cana- Guy. InCanada, meanwhile, the present system. By examining Finally, and most to the taneous in one's behavior and dian government's acquisition People ol Quebec, profoundly the record of the "old left" — point, we learned that we, gestures, to be emotionally of the Bomarc Anti-Bomber disillusioned with the historical by which I mean the com- young students from the middle open, even extravagent, to live Missle. The Bomarc was arrangement by which the munist party and the social class of all things, could be the in extended families of friends, designed to carry a nuclear Quebecois Elite (prients, democratic parties — we warhead. This was the first politicians and clerks) main- learned that they were in- student demonstration in tained social control while the capable of taking up the Canada since the Second World Anglo-Canadian Elite owned challenge of social change: War. the economy, took to the they were too compromised by streets, demanding everything in 1960, in San Francisco, reformism, authoritarian the house un-American Ac- from language rights in the bureaucracy, centralization, tivities Committee opened workplace to armed revolution. militarism and the social, ethnic hearings on the alleged subver- And the Native People, taking a and sexual division of labour to sive influence of "reds" in the page from the black power be able to fashion a society we OFF schools and unions of the Bay manual, demanded red power: would want to live in. And this is area. Student demonstrators, the right of native people to why we spoke of our yelling "down with Huacl". determine their own collective membership in a new left. refused to disperse. They were existence. From our own experience handed over to the goon Around the world masses in movement activities, we force — the city police — and masses of young people learned that there were alter- clubbed to the ground, kicked joined up in the Movement to natives to authoritarian and down the staircase and smash- end the war in Vietnam, dis- hierarchical organization: we ed by water hoses into the walls. gusted to the very core of their ourselves had worked out "par- Thus began a decade of being with what was being done ticipatory democracy" in small, superb and sometimes lunatic to the Vietnamese people in leaderless, co-operative groups defiance and dissent on the part their name. On the campuses, in which everybody had a say of youth, literally around" the scarcely a university and and in which no decision was world, against the established college was left unscathed by taken until there was consen- political and social order and the student strikes, sit ins, sus. While organizing in the the place that was being marches and demonstrationsof communities of the prepared for youth within it. the Student Power Movement, a dispossessed — the blacks, It was a decade in which movement to subvert the op- native people, the welfare every manoeuvre and assump- pressive procedures of the the mothers, the tenement tion of our society was put into multiversity by means of dwellers — learned three question. We began with the democratic, student-controlled we very important things. One: that non-violent movements for education and administration. "direct action" — taking nuclear disarmament and civil "Be realistic", the students matters into our own hands and rights; we ended, with the sloganeered, "demand the im- the landlord, the liberation of Saigon, with the posible!" confronting dissipation of an apocalyptic, The hippies, meanwhile, bureaucrat, the boss — was hell of lot more effective than visionary call for socialist the freaks, the acidheads, the a a ' signing petitions. Two: that the revolution. In between, we rockers and drop-outs and society — challenged the structures of peaceniks and back-to-the- minority group in racism, the national chastise- landers, told middle-class the coloured, the un- ethnic — ment of the Quebecois, the America to take its consumer employed, the oppression of women within the family, the mechanical, coer- cive popular culture, the aliena- spark that would ignite all this to express oneself in music and tion of the mass university, the great learning throughout the dance, to hug and kiss each rape of the environment. cells of society. At least, we other — all those things we Among other things. hoped so. ethnics had been doing all

The "we" I refer to is a along in Well, I think you can begin the privacy of our generation of young people to see what might be the conse- ghetto. (As an aside here, when who came to intellectual and Off quences of all this for Ukrainian my first book was reviewed in political coming-of-age in the Canadians. In the first place, it the press, reviewers frequently 1960s. But it is also we, the gave us the tools to analyze the referred to its "earthiness' and Ukrainian-Canadians and structure of our community. "foreign unreserve". That's Ukrainian-Americans, for it is Because we now had an inkling something to think about: is it that my contention we were not of how capitalism works, we possible to write English like a exempt from the effects of the understood that our second Ukrainian?) massive social change that the class citizenship as ethnics or In the third place, because protest movements signalled. I immigrants has an economic we had been touched by or were want to talk to you tonight about base: we are the hewers of wood active in the new left, we saw how those movements changed and drawers of water for the that we were entirely new our lives as ethnics. anglo-celtic elite. Because we creatures, progeny neither of First, let me give you a brief had experienced participatory the Ukrainian right wing nor of outline of social what these democracy in the movement, the Ukrainian old left. Paradox- protest movements addressed, we chafed at the undemocratic ically, what this amounted to I've mentioned the Ban-The- procedures of the Ukrainian was both the de-ghettoization Bomb movement, which, organizations and were critical and the renationalization of our against the nightmare of of their leadership which seem-" politics. Let me explain: on the r\uclear war, proposed non- ed to be either completely one hand we felt a solidarity with violence, against cynicism and absorbed by old world politics, all peoples, not just Ukrainians, passivity, direct action, and as though they were still in- who are waging a popular which, in the face of red-baiting, surgents in the fox holes of struggle to find out the truth proposed ethic of "stand an up Europe, or to.be sycophantical- about themselves and to fight and be counted". I've referred to ly imitating the style and values back against their enemies. The the Civil Rights Movement, in of their anglo-celtic superiors in passion for national liberation is the United States, and later the the chamber of commerce. not divisible: either all op- Black Power Movement, which "Vendus", the Quebecois would pressed nationalities are worthy has as their aim the Liberation, have called them, "sell outs". violently if necessary, of the Because we have some un-

Page 4: STUDENT. September 1981 sixties and the Myrna Kostash

urbanized nationalists com- with a vengeance. It wasn't until Chicago against antiwar ac- pelled into exile for political I saw them, leftist rock'n rollers tivists, of the invasion of reasons and who did not suffer like myself, in embroidered Czechoslovakia — they came their North American ex- shirts that I took seriously the to the national conference perience gladly. They were of possibility that my ambivalence the Canadian Union of born into a ghetto where the was rooted in self-hatred. They, Students, me student power I ancestral homeland and the on the other hand, were organization, and presented historic project of the Ukrainian a aggressively, even osten- resolution supporting the dissi- people were continually evoked tatiously, Ukrainian. dent movement in to establish identity and Ukraine, Yet today we are all specifically political Dziuba's case priorities. Although I members of the same hromada. too against russitication. (It should did eventually accept How is that possible? Ukrainians be noted that, although CUS as compatriots by Because, back in the six- passed this resolution, it was analogy — the struggle for ties, we shared something. Ukrainian not unanimous: there was, and national self- Back in the sixties, in the still is, some confusion among determination is like the large urban centres, the radicals about the difference struggle of the Quebecois, the children of the new immigration between anti-sovietism and Irish, the Palestinians — began to displace, by sheer these anti-socialism.) kids were compatriots numbers and enthusiasm, the by historical, cultural and Ukrainian-Canadians in the Naturally, once SUSK was emotional inevitability. national student organization in the student movement, it I consider myself to have SUSK. They brought to it all the picked up a few tricks from that evolved within Canadian socie- organizational skills, the milieu. The notion of "direct ty as a whole and so my politicization, the passion and action", for example. "Screw ethnicity does not explain chutzpah they had acquired in the Constitution. Let's just do everything. Other explanations the emigre organizations, and it." What they did had never lie in my class, my sex, and in they turned SUSK into a media- been attempted by Ukrainian- the region where I grew up. I am tion between Ukrainian Cana'dian youth. They trained most decidedly not in the organizational life and student field workers, after the model of diaspora — which is an im- politics. They were no slouches: CUS field workers who had age of almost insupportable because they were already been sent across the country to restlessness — for home is politicized they had a concern mobilize campuses in support right here under my feet. They with being in society, in this of CUS programs. In'thecaseof evolved in the hothouse of the case Canadian society, and the SUSK field workers, or emigre community, in the they could see that something rather, field worker, for in 1969,

of our support, or are. I left none On when high school for organizations, the para-military very interesting was going on the first year of this experiment, the other hand, wealso rejected university, I dropped the whole youth groups, the conferences, out there, namely the student there was only one, a "internationalism" the phony of thing and never thought about it congresses, demonstrations, in movement. They rejected the charismatic character in an the party which for communist the next 12 years. Instead, the heated rhetoric of right- notion that there is an un- army jacket, the idea was to

mystified of Russian rather perversely, I the abuses studied wing nationalism and the bridgeable gap between ethnic travel across Canada to meet all Colonialism. insisted the horribly We on Russian for 5 years. intimate stories about concerns and public life — the SUSK chapters and get Ukrainian specificity. To Besides, starting about Stalin and the Gulag, the famine indeed, they advanced Ukrai- them revved up for the paraphrase Emma Goldman, "If 1964, while I was an un- and insurgencies and dead nian causes with a vengeance in forthcoming annual congress. we can't be Ukrainians, we don't dergraduate, I was thoroughly relatives. They were not afraid the student milieu. For instance, At the congress itself — a want your revolution." taken up by what was going on of the idea of revolutionary they would show up at anti-war watershed in Ukrainian Cana- Our legacy was something among my peers over the whole violence: I was a peacenik. demonstrations with their own dian life — various radicals, not we called "Ukrainian Socialist continent: the civil rights move- I was profoundly am- slogans, and in 1968 — that just Ukrainians, showed up to Democracy", a blend of ment, the anti-war movement, bivalent about the culture of the remarkable year of the speak, assorted ethnics were socialism and anarachism from draft dodgers, rock 'n roll and Ukrainian-Canadian village — assassinations of Martin Luther dragged out of their respective

and populism and dope and sex, and so on. This I considered it Ukraine to be King and Bobby Kennedy, of Kostash continued communalism from North was where the action was. This Kitsch — and so I had em- the student and worker strikes America. Obviously, we dis- was my culture and here I was braced anglo-american culture in France, of the police riot in page 13 tinguished ourselves among my own "people". I from I those other patriots who were hitch-hiked around Europe, church-oriented, anti- settled down in Toronto, communist, self-reliant free became a writer, a feminist, a enterprisers. Canadian Nationalist. I have been talking about Ukrainians? As far as I was Canadian Foundation for Ukrainian "we" as though we were all the concerned, the only real ones same sort of radical or activist. were in the Ukrainian SSR — Studies This was only true to a point. what did they have to do with Beyond it, there were two sorts me? As for Ukrainian-

of Ukrainian Canadian in the Canadians, I was from them but

movement: the children of the no longer or" them Heavens, I new immigration, and the was much too sophisticated grandchildren of the first im- and too anglicized to identify Logo Competition migration. The first group with a minority group.

began with their Ukrainianism Then, in 1975, I returned to and moved leftwards. western Canada, wrote All of The second group Baba's Children and, wham! began with their radicalism and Things started to change very moved towards their ethnicity. quickly. For one thing, although

/ About 1974-75 we bumped into might have thought I was no each other. longer a Ukrainian Canadian,

I will explain by telling you the people who read my book The Executive of the Canadian Foundation for Ukrai- of my own experience. As the certainly thought I was: some nian Studies is a design competition for a logo grandchild of Galician im- thought I was a bad one, some conducting

migrants who came to Western thought I was an admirable one, or symbol to be used by the Foundation on its letterhead and

Canada in 1911, I had a very they all called me one. For in all its publications. This competition is open to all

typical growing up, ethnic style. another thing, I finally bumped Ukrainian-Canadian artists.

I had a Baba, 1 went to church into those other Ukrainian-

(Greek Orthodox) and sunday Canadians I mentioned earlier,

school and church camp. I was the radical activists born of First sent to Ridna Shkola andCYMK, post-war immigrants. At first I prize — $200.00

I learned to dance and to sing thought they were very strange.

koliady, to paint eggs after a I was born of voluntary Second prize — $150.00 exiles fashion, to make holubtsi. I even peasant who came to had a Ukrainian boyfriend for Canada for economic reasons Third prize — $100.00

awhile. What I did nor do was and who settled down to farm in learn to speak Ukrainian — immigrant enclaves. My Baba,

there was no percentage in it. for instance, never went back,

(1 learned to speak French not even for a visit. These other kids, were All entries arrive not later than November 1st, 1981 instead.) I was vaguely em- by contrast, born must barrassed by all this with Ukrainian patriotism in in the Foundation's office at "foreignness" in my life and so, their blood, born of educated,

"Canadian Foundation for Ukrainian Studies — Astro Travel Se Logo Competition." #304, 9901 -108th Street,

Edmonton. Alberta COMPLETE TRAVEL SERVICE T5K1G8 • Specializing in Ukraine/Eastern Europe • Group and Individual Travel All sub- • Visas, Invitations, Passport Photos missions shall become the properly of the Foundation. Forfurther information, contact the Foundation at the 10854 - 97 STREET EDMONTON, ALBERTA above address. TEL. (403) 423-2351

STUDENT, September 1981, Page 5 ,

educational activity and con- Two versions of the famous Leader Czech Chartists Ukrainian Studies Ousted sultation with the public were film are being shown in Poland inadequate. Arrested now that it has finally been Admits Guilt Now In Poland resolution of the Polish released. Of course, one ver- A " authorities ' of the Communist Party Congress, Czechoslovak * sion is slightly altered: the The former head Ukrainian language, Gierek's dismissal arrested Jiri Hajek Ladislav country's blue-pencillers took Polish Communist Party. following literature, and history are now six otner Charter Gierek, told an in- last August had accused him of Hajdanek and at the Jagiello- exception to five sequences Edward being offered responsibility for ar- 77 activists, including the wife from rather significant inter- vestigating commission of the "personal nian University in Krakow of Havel, a party that he recognizes his bitrary economic and social and brother Vaslav as part of its fledgling views, and left them on the (Cracow) ignoring the laws of jailed playwright, on 7 May 1981 floor. In spite of a strike share of responsibility for policies, Ukrainian studies programme. cutting charges were projectionists, Poland's current political and economics and failing to reckon in Prague. The city of Galician "Immigrants" threat by film the A political opinions." The not made public, but the arrests Ukrainian), government censor wouldn't economic crisis. PAP, the of- with (both Polish and coincided with a report from the film to ficial Polish news agency, party congress had approved Krakow is a natural site for such permit the be advertised appointment of a commis- Czechoslovak official press in the normal way. Thus "closed reported that Gierek had "self- the an undertaking. The University citizens critically stressed his co- sion to investigate the source of agency that severaj had of Warsaw also offers a similar showing" notices n Poland's political and economic been taking part in criminally programme of Ukrainian newspapers listing up to ten responsibility for party affairs crisis. subversive activities and that studies. Course participants showings a day, tip off movie- and th'e country's socio- two foreigners, later identified include many non-Ukrainians, goers as to where they can economic development in the as French tourists, had been indicating that an increasing catch Poland's aboveground 1970s." The news agency also admitting that Foodstuffs Short, charged with smuggling sub- number of young Poles are underground film sensation. quoted Gierek as versive material into the coun- becoming curious about their the Politburo and the govern- Prices Rise try. (New York Times Ukrainian neighbours. ment had inadequately superr Popular Roving vised Poland's foreign borrow- [Associated Press], 8 May 1981 ing. This led to excessive p. 6). * Foreign indebtedness, premature ex- By May 1981 , most staple Jiri Hajek, a former Poland's Not-So Theatre Troupe pansion of investments and foods in Poland were ob- Minister of Czechoslovakia dur- tainable either with ration cards ing the short-lived regime of Silent Cinema distribution of a national in- come for many years that was or on the black market at a Alexander Dubcek in 1968, and markup of at least 300%. Along Dr. Ladislav Hejdanek. a * Theatre enthusiasts in higher than that actually with sugar, also "on the cards" professor of philosophy who • The film Robotnicy '80 Krakow are being given a rare produced. now are meat, butter, lard, hosted an unofficial seminar (Workers '80) about thestrike in opportunity to see a stage PAP reported that Gierek margarine, cooking oil. rice, series in his apartment, were the Gdansk shipyards in August adaptation of a novel by one of was particularly self-critical of oats, cream of wheat and both former spokespersons of 1980 and the subsequent birth Poland's loading "beat" writers his role in party and state noodles. Word has it that next Charter 77, a Czechoslovak of Solidarnosc (Solidarity), of the 19. %, Marek Hlasko. personnel policy. He stated that on the list will be vodka and human rights group which was received an award at an inter- Titled Cmentarze (Cemetaries), he was partly responsible for coffee. Chocolate is available formed in 1977. An interview national film festival in Holland the play is regularly drawing not calling a plenary meeting of for children only, and only with Dr. Hejdanek was publish- last spring. The film's directors capacity crowds even though the party's Central Committee parents and people with a ed in a two-part series in Stu- were at a loss to explain how the location of performances tol lowing the riots and doctor's certificate can buy milk dent last autumn, (Vol. 13, Nos. this was physically possible changes daily. Each show demonstrations in 1976 against and cream in most cities. Not 66 and 67. Nov, and Dec. 1980). since [he state distribution begins at 1 1:00 p.m. at a place proposed increases in food yet rationed are salt, vinegar agency has consistently turned that is only made known by prices. Such a meeting should — to and low-grade tea. And even down all kinds of. lucrative word-ot-mouth advertising have been held draw the though bread is theoretically offers from foreign bidders. The making the experience rare proper conclusions, including available in quantity, directors suggested that indeed! An equally scarce com- personnel changes, he said. shops frequently run out of this essen- perhaps some enterprising fans modity is HlasKo's original PAP quoted Gierek as say- tial ingredient took the responsibility upon novel, which has not been ing he now realized that not all in the Polish diet before holiday weekends. themselves to spread the word reprinted by the state of his contacts with Polish No doubt boots will be the next about the movie. authorities since it first came workers reflected true public item to be rationed the out. sentiments, adding that on menu V

Ukrainian Patriotic Movement; Part Three Decolonization of the USSR is the only peace guarantee of world

The Herald of Repression in Ukraine is an information millions upon millions of people of integrity have fallen Prices are rising; many goods, including bulletin published by the External Representation of the fictim to these repressions. foodstuffs, are unavailable. As far as the spiritual and Ukrainian Helsinki Group, the ofticial representatives in The famine of 1933, the repressions of Stalinist and cultural climate is concerned, both Ukraine and the the West of the human rights monitoring group in Ukraine post-Stalinist eras, the forced resettlement of USSR have become objects of terror for all civilized (known as the Ukrainian Helsinki Group}. The Herald Ukrainians in Siberia and the Far East, the annihilation beings, personifying spiritual enslavement, the Gulag, performs an invaluable function in collecting and of the Ukrainian liberation movement in Western the greatest oppression of man and his conscience, systematizing current information about political, national Ukraine in the 1940s and 50s — all of these events complete political lawlessness, and the destruction of and religious persecution in Ukraine. Below is the third reduced the Ukrainian nation to half its size. To the whole nations who have been decreed to be outside the part of a three-part series which we have reprinted from physical extermination of 10 to 15 million Ukrainians, law. the Herald, concerning the emergence of a new group of one should add the sharp decrease of the natural Stalinism — that holiest of holies of Soviet democratic oppositionists in Ukraine who call themselves growth of the population. These losses are two, and communism — exists to this day, having virtually the Ukrainian Patriotic Movement. In this article, they perhaps even three, times larger than those inflicted renewed its diabolical rituals. The USSR has been condemn the colonialist policies of the Soviet government upon our nation by German fascism. The regular transformed into a military-police state pursuing wide- and argue the need for an independent Ukraine. administrative campaigns of physical and spiritual ranging imperialistic goals. A good third, and perhaps annihilation waged against the Ukrainian intelligentsia even a half, of the All-Union budget is used to meet the have opened up a deep chasm between our people and needs of Soviet expansionism and to maintain the their spiritual mentors. Weakened by each successive police climate inside the country and in the countries of Eight years have passed since the organs of repressive action, this intelligentsia no longer even so-called socialist cooperation. Having exported their repression in the USSR carried out a new pogrom regards its traditional spiritual and educational mission practices to many countries in the world, Soviet against the Ukrainain intelligentsia. After the massive as its inherent imperative. What is even worse, living communists carry the full responsibility for all the arrests in January 1972, many hundreds of people who under conditions of unremitting lawlessness bloody evils that are being committed in such countries were perturbed by the fate of their nation and its perpetrated by the authorities, this intelligentsia, its as Vietnam and Cambodia, Cuba and China, Albania material and spiritual well-being found themselves creative element in particular, has degenerated into a and Afghanistan, Czechoslovakia and East Germany. behind barbed wire. Despite numerous worldwide class of functionaries, which assists the rulers in The inhuman practices of the Gi-lag Archipegalo are protests, the massive repressions that were begun then everything they do. Most of our writers have been being spread throughout the world, leaving us, have continued to this day on almost the same scale, transformed into hangers-on andclowns who entertain Ukrainians, no hope for the future. The USSR has only now supplemented by especially brutal methods the party and government elite, while parasitizing the turned into a gendarme, menacing the entire planet of reprisal. Today, anyone who protests in any way body of the working class. What is called their output is with war and violence. We understand very well what against oppression is tried as a hooligan, thief or nothing but sheer waste. Today this intelligentsia this means for mankind, for in the 60 years of ruthless degenerate in order to mask the sinister arithmetic of condones terror — voluntarily or under duress, vocally war which the so-called government of the Ukrainian political cases. or in silence, slavishly or by virtue of mortal fear. SSR has been waging against its own people, we have The goal of all these repressions, which in Ukraine This functionary establishment, acting on the lost so many lives that we can place the names of the are carried in out a diabolically methodical manner, is orders of its temporary party rulers, still hopes to changing rulers in Kiev alongside the names of Pol Pot to stifle the free voice of our nation embodied in its persuade us that the USSR is the world's most socially and leng Sary, their communist comrades-in-arms. leading representatives and to condemn our nation to just state. Despite this, however, an ever growing The so-called Government of Ukraine has now submissive silence. By repressing the intelligentsia, the segment of our population is reaching the conclusion been implementing a policy of national genocide for 60 authorities seek to forestall the growth ot national that this is not so. Our worker earns meager kopecks for years. What other government on the face of the earth is consciousness among Ukrainians and to render our his labors, yet the material security he enjoys is greatly capable of imitating the Ukrainian government in nation leaderless, thereby transforming it into a inferior to that of workers in the USA, West Germany. compliant flock ready to obey the strident commands Canada and other countries. The conditions in which Decolonization cont'd page 14 of each successive temporary ruler. In the last decade our peasant lives are no better. Page 6: STUDENT. September 1981 -

New developments in Donbas Taras Lehkyj Soviets offer coal miners pay raise

• Rumour has it that Edmonton's recent foray into folk opera, specifically the grand spectacle Kupalo, cost some one hundred fifty thousand dollars ($150,000.00). Now that sum would facilitate

150 issues of Student. Okay, okay. I lied, 250 issues of Student And. as a parting shot ... Kupalo floats on Dnipro's back.

• Club News The York University Ukrainian Students Association is pleased to announce the acquisition of the youngest students club member on record; Andrij Yurij Harasymowycz, born July 2. 1981 became an honourary member of the York Ukrainian Students Association on July 3, 1981. Rose Marie and Yurij Harasymowycz, the proud parents, were both active members themselves. Rose was the 1980- 81 Y.U.S.A. treasurer. CONGRATULATIONS ANDRIJ!!!

Y.U.S.A. would also like to express it's congratulations to Darka and Yurij Kostiuk fortheir recent marriage. The wedding took place May 9, 1981, at St. Vladimir's Cathedral in Toronto. Darka (nee Ivanochko) was the 1980-81 president of Y.U.S.A.

• One of our western Canadian agents was recently visiting the town of Kikono, northeast of Edmonton, where the following story was told to him by a long-time Metis activist named Adrian Hope. Metis are people of mixed ancestry, usually half Scottish or Soviet leaders have just maintenance and repairs being The timing of the an- (The French and native Indian.) It seems that sometime in the 1 930's a announced wage increases undertaken. Long working nouncement to increase group of Indian and Metis men were hunting in the area just north ranging between 18 and "27 hours combined with unreliable miners' wages — in the midst of of Andrew, Alberta — in the heart of the Ukrainian block settlement percent for the country's coal machinery have in turn caused the attack on Solidarity's established in the 1890s — when a local Ukrainian farmer came miners, to be introduced on 1 an increase in job-related ac- message to workers in Eastern across them while they were shooting ducks on the lake on his January 1982. The increases cidents. Europe and a day before signifi- farm. They struck up a conversation. The hunters suggested to the are intended to attract more It is significant that the cant price hikes for consumer farmer that he get his gun and join them since there were a lot of young workers to an industry leader of the official Coal In- goods were implemented by the farmer, showing them the spade which he dustry Y. ducks on his . The where working conditions are Workers' Union, government — also raises many was using to dig up a plot of land to plant some wheat, explained poor, working hours long, and Yefremenko, was relieved of questions. Why are the that he was too poor to even own a gun. He went on to explain that production levels have been his official duties as chairman in bureaucrats in Moscow giving he was a widower, and that he had been able to feed his three stagnating for several years. April of this year and then preferential treatment to this children only wheat and milk during the previous two months. The Ukrainian coal in- expelled from the Communist sector of the work-torce? Does Looking enviously at the gun that a Metis named Whitford was dustry is a vital component of Party of the Soviet Union by the it have anything to do with holding, the farmer then made the following offer: "How about you Soviet energy production- Central Committee. The official reports (in March issues of the taking the youngest boy and his sister — not the older boy. he stays Pressure from the central USSR charge was that Yefremenko Financial Times and the with me — in exchange for your gun and some shells." The hunter Ministry of the Coal Industry for was caught poaching in Washington Post) of growing considered the poor man's plight, and his suggestion, and decided higher outputs has forced Yakutsk Tomponsky district. dissatisfaction over the to accept the farmer's desperate offer. He took the children with at Ukrainian His fall from grace may, economic situation, housing management him to the Goodfish Lake Indian Reserve to raise as part of his own turn more and more however, have something to do and working conditions in the mines to family. Thai's where the adopted boy, who answers to the name of into regular workdays. with the storm of protest Donbas region, where the coal- Sundays Steve Whitford, remains to the present day. Steve married a Cree theory, permission amongst European miners over mining industry is situated? Although in Indian woman and has fathered several half-Ukrainian half-Indian for longer hours must be ob- the psychiatric detention of It is doubtful if the new children. What happened to his sister is unclear, but the storyteller tained the local trade Volodymyr Klebanov, the wage increases will improve the from did say that a few years after the deal was made, Steve's older union, Soviet Ukrainian miner and leader of labour supply for the coal newspapers brother came "to fetch him back to his people." Steve, however, readily admit that this is not the free trade union association industry. Shortages of basic refused to go, saying "I was raised by Indians, and I'm staying being — in directviolation SMOT. Yefremenko was given consumer items are the real done Indian." Steve Whitford is known to his friends and neighbours as of Article 71 of the Republic's the difficult job of meeting and problem, and in such times of " "one of those rare individuals who is good from his hair to his toes Labour Code. placating the European scarcity connections with of- (Or is it to the hair on his toes?) It is said that he speaks only a delegations protesting the ficials in the retail trade are Out of 250 mines in smattering of English, preferring instead to converse in the (Gree) able repression of worker militants more important than money in Ukraine,' only 73 have been language of his adopted people. to meet their quotas during a in the Soviet Union. But it is getting consumer goods. Un- likely that Yefremenko fortunately, working a twelve regular work week. Increases in more • Residents of Chernivtsi were no doubt surprised when they offered as a sacrificial lamb hour shift in the mines does not overtime at the others has led to was awoke one morning in April to find that some local malcontent had Soviet miners for the current leave much time to cultivate the continuous operation of to asked the following pointed question — in large, red letters — on hardships they are suffering. such connections. machinery, which prevents the walls of the oblast hospital on Lenin Street: "Brezhnev, de miaso?" — i.e., "Brezhnev, where's the meat?" As is well known, and other foodstuffs have been in short supply in the Soviet A bold new initiative Taras Lehkyj meat Union this year, and it seems that the carnivorous beast of a Bukovynian who painted the sign was simply 'fed up' with the Solidarity issues an appeal situation. The incident occurred on the night of Saturday 19 April, and what probably provoked the ire of thecomrade-citizen-painler was the fact that he/she had just spent the day in free labour building socialism and paying for the upkeep of Brezhnev's fleet of to East Bloc trade unionists cars. The first Saturday before Lenin's birthday (which is on April 21) is an annual subotnyk when everyone is 'voluntarily' At a Congress dominated on both sides of the Polish- tion, and not just the generals expected to put in an extra shift for no pay to help the cause of the by the radical element, the Soviet border and along the and a few thousand troops, sagging Soviet economy. Polish independent union Baltic coast less than fifty miles must be prepared for the Solidarity has issued an appeal from the gathering of 982 sacrifices of war. These are • The od yssey of artist Bill Kurelek continues, albeit posthumous- to workers throughout Eastern elected Solidarity delegates in tense moments for the Soviet ly. One of Kurelek's dark visions appears on a recent rock album form their own in- bureaucracy and their message Europe to Gdansk. Halen's new record "Fair Warning" on Warner that release. Van dependent, self-managed The 'West 8V military to the citizenry is everyone paintings. Sorry Brothers ... the album cover is one of Kurelek's organizations. manoeuvres were given exten- must do as they are told and sit folks no Ukrainian tracks on the disc. But as far as the cover goes, This appeal touched on a sive coverage on Soviet televi- quiet. sit up and take notice Sage. V.K. Records, Yevshan. Rusalka. with the Soviet sion, including footage show- The government's domestic sore spot Ukrainian Art Society and all and sundry Ukrainian record bureaucracy. Meetings of ing paratroop drops and campaign has featured frequent producers. Van Halen ... thanks. workers were hastily organized amphibious landings on Lithua- reminders to Soviet workers g,. 'impu- nian next to the Polish that they are paying for the fc. ^- ..i-^ fe, .^..fc' 1 to denounce Solidarity's beaches [1 r r ff; '•'-IH.'J ^ dent' intervention into her border. USSR Defense Minister Polish workers' strikes with socialist neighbours' affairs, Dmitri Ustinov reviewed the substantial economic aid. With and to express "deep anxiety troops after the exercises ended the Soviet economy in such and indignation. ..evoked by the in Byelorussia, which is also on poor shape these days, par- anti-socialist tendencies of the the eastern border of Poland. icularly in the realms of Gdansk Solidarity congress". On the one hand, Red Army agriculture, consumer goods But the letters sent to Solidarity generals remember all of the and social services (there has from the Kirov tractor works in occasions in the past when been a noticeable decline in Leningrad, the Kama truck threats were not enough to living standards for the last two plant in Naberezhnye Chelny quell workers' uprisings and years), the Polish crisis is being and Moscow's Likhachev troops had to be sent in — as used to deflect the blame away automotive assembly line, and in Berlin in 1953, Hungary in from the political and economic .the meetings of workers so 1956 and Novocherkassk in leaders of the USSR- The most widely publicized in the Soviet 1962. Once again they would serious causes of the Soviet media, did not give even a hint like to be ready for such ex- economic malaise are of the contents of Solidarity's treme measures. On the other domestic, and the regime has appeal. hand, domestic consumption of repeatedly failed in its efforts to The public outcry about this military spectacle is clearly reverse the worsening situation. 'interference' reached its peak intended to strengthen "the as nearly 100,000 Red Army siege mentality", namely a More Solidarity troops carried out manoeuvres sense that the whole popula- page 15 STUDENT. September 1981, Page 7 . SYNTHESI

Secretary Andrij Samo 13011 Grand Edmonton, P Whereas, whereas T6H 4K6 (40

Resolutions . .

Whereas SUSK is an organization whose membership is dispersed among some 25 campuses spanning almost the whole of Canada; and Whereas members of the SUSK National Executive do not all reside in one common centre; and Whereas it is of to Resolutions primary importance develop meaningful channels of communication in order to facilitate easily accessible contact with members of SUSK and between National Executive Whereas Ukrainian university courses are today facing a crisis Whereas a sound -financial base for the SUSK National Executive is members. situation in terms of dropping enrolments and the potential threat a necessary precondition to ensure an optimal level of functioning; BE IT RESOLVED that the SUSK National Executive continue of funding cutbacks. and producing a national newsletter for distribution among USC local BE IT RESOLVED that the SUSK National Executive encourage Whereas most income-generating functions, such as pubs and executives and its own executive members, and that wherever each member club to distribute information regarding available zabavas, are undertaken by local clubs, possible meaningful channels of communication, such as ex- courses in Ukrainian studies and support and promote Ukrainian BE IT RESOLVED that the SUSK National Executive explore the ecutive bulletins and minutes, be produced and forwarded to these studies by outling the benefits of their pursuit to Ukrainian possibilities of securing grants from government agencies and persons on a regular basis. students. initiate a fund-raising campaign to solicit donations from within the FURTHER BE IT RESOLVED that in those institutions where no community in order to help offset operating expenses. Whereas the opportunity for many SUSK members to attend major Ukrainian courses exist, the SUSK National Executive encourage SUSK events, such as regional and presidents' conferences, and member clubs to undertake to promote interest in Ukrainian topics Whereas it is apparent that many Ukrainian organizations in meet with their compatriots is limited due to increasingly costly through the organization of seminars, lectures, panels and by other Canada are experiencing declining membership, reflecting a travel expenses; and means available to them. general crisis in Ukrainian organizational life; and Whereas most major SUSK gatherings have a heavy emphasis on Whereas this organizational crisis is accentuated in many cases, by the work and planning sessions, BE IT RESOLVED that within one month of election to the SUSK absence of effective leadership from the Ukrainian Canadian BE IT RESOLVED that SUSK regional vice presidents encourage National Executive, each executive member prepare a clear and Committee at the local, provincial and national levels, member clubs to promote informal exchanges in order to facilitate specific workplan for the upcoming year, outlining his/her BE IT RESOLVED that this Congress recommend that the SUSK more frequent introduction between Ukrainian-Canadian students objectives and proposing concrete means by which these National Executive appoint a national committee to study various trom different campuses, and thus, promote a greater awareness of objectives could be realized and submit this work plan to the alternative means of overhauling the structure and programmes of belonging to a nation-wide network among Ukrainian-Canadian Congress Co-ordinator of the upcoming SUSK National Congress. the Ukrainian Canadian Committee and to explore these various r students. This work plan would subsequently be attached to the report of the options with other Ukrainian o ganizations, with a view to reform executive member submitted at the SUSK National Congress Ukrainian Canadian organizational life in general, and the FURTHER IT that the Ukrainian Canadian Committee in particular. Whereas STUDENT is a national form for the dissemination of fact, BE RESOLVED SUSK President prepare a general workplan for the opinion and topics of concern to Ukrainian students in Canada; SUSK National Executive, based on the and above-mentioned individual plans, and submit this plan for Whereas the development of viable means of cultural expression is publication fall issue of crucial Whereas STUDENT requires the cooperation of the SUSK National in a of STUDENT. significance in terms of advancing the overall develop- ment of Executive and its affiliated member clubs for both content our community. submissions BE IT RESOLVED that the SUSK National Executive and financial support, Whereas the Kolos Committee and published an develop a comprehensive cultural 6£ IT RESOLVED that the SUSK National Executive utilize its informative and well-organized Kolos, programme which would include the following: available channels of communications (such as executive BE IT RESOLVED that the 22nd Congress congratulate them and bulletins, i) cultural workshops held during regional conferences and its national newsletter) to the Kolos editor on this splendid effort. regional conference and encourage local clubs and individual students to aid in the li) sponsorship of community seminars in centres across publication of Canada on specific cultural topics; and STUDENT by: BE IT RESOLVED that the 22nd SUSK Congress recognize the i) submitting articles, club Hi) informing its members of existing alternative Ukrainian news, graphics and other materials; hard work of the 1981 SUSK Congress Committee and the co- and cultural programmes and encouraging participation in them; and operation of the York University USC, and express its gratitude for iv) supporting and publicizing ii) initiating fundraising endeavours and advertising solicita- the efforts made towards a successful Congress. artistic endeavours produced or tion: and performed by Ukrainian students through displays, exhibits and Hi) assisting in the distribution and sales of STUDENT other means. Whereas there is a need for development in the area of leadership and^communication skills and competent resource persons within 1 BE IT RESOLVED that the Alumni Co-ordinator complete the task BE IT RESOLVED that the Ukrainian Canadian Students Union of compiling an extensive address list of alumni (SUSK) use the "smoloskyp circular CYCK logo" as the official SUSK to be used as BE ITRESOLVED that the SUSK National Executive organize a a basis in conducting fund-raising endeavours, and in Communications symbol of SUSK and that furthermore this year's National promotinq and Leadership Skills Development Seminar" to SUSK and its newspaper Executive solicit designs STUDENT. be held in conjunction with a Presidents' Conference new logo to be presented as proposals for a possible change in design at next year's SUSK congress.

Page 8: STUDENT, September 1981 HESIS 55

Executive Access List

Executive Office President 11024-82 Ave. Geerge Samoil 1981-1982 Edmonton, 10964-75 Ave Alberta Edmonton, Alberta (403) 439-1481 T6G 0G9 (403) 434-9798

V.P. Multiculturalism Executive V.P. Mykhailo Bociurkiw Mark Ferbey SUSK 1692 Featherston Dr. 8219-98 Ave Ottawa, Ontario Edmonton, Alberta K1H 6P2 (613) 733-1555 T6A 0B6 (403) 469-1652

V.P. Great Lakes V.P. Laurentians V.P. Human Rights Olga Sochan Dana Boyko Nestor Mykytyn 65 Bloom Field Dr. 742 Royal York Rd. 6 Langmuir Gardens London, Ontario Toronto, Ontario Toronto, Ontario N5Y 1P4 (519) 471-5959 M8Y 2T6 (416) 231-7032 M6S 2H1 (416) 762-9692

V.P. Prairie V.P. Cultural Affairs V.P. Mountain Taras Maluzhynsky Tamara Ivanochko Calvin Melnyk Ste. #2 - 327 Traverse Ave. 75 Raymond Dr. #2, 11027-81 Ave. Winnipeg, Manitoba Toronto, Ontario Edmonton, Alberta R2H 2H7 M6S 2B1 (416) 769-8868 T6G 0G3 (403) 439-2767

Alumni Coordinator V.P. Communications & Publications Treasurer Laryssa Rohowsky Christine Burdeniuk John Melnychuk 368 Renforth Dr. Apt. 608, 11111-87 Ave 10912-41 Ave Etobicoke, Ontario Edmonton, Alberta Edmonton, Alberta M9C 2L9 (416) 622-8416 (403) 433-6665 (403)-434-7379

Secretary Congress Corodinator KYK Representative Past President Andrij Samoil Marijka Spytkowsky Mark Minenko Mike Maryn 13011 Grandview Dr. Ste. 2N-1230 Pembina Hwy. 9 St. John's Ave. 11 Martin Grove Edmonton, Alberta Winnipeg, Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba Islington, Ontario T6H 4K6 (403) 434-8804 R3T 2A8 (204) 475-8460 R2W 1G8 (204) 582-5122 M9B 4K1 (41-6) 231-6314

Whereas 1988 will mark the 1000 anniversary of the Christanity of Whereas the pilot project. Operatio Mykolajko, was an unqualified Ukraine; and success for the 1980-1981 SUSK National Executive; and Whereas various organizations are already planning to com- Whereas such community outreach projects enhance and promote this memorate event; and SUSK's image while they provide a valuable social service to the Whereas the leaders of all of the Ukrainian churches in the West community, have decided to celebrate this anniversary together, BE IT RESOLVED that the SUSK National Executive expand that BE IT RESOLVED SUSK look into this organization planning Operation Mykolajko on a nation-wide scale, to be conducted in for the SUSK National Executive is and participation. conjunction with constituent clubs of SUSK and co-ordinated by an optimal level of functioning; the SUSK National Executive ting functions, such as pubs and Whereas January 1982 will mark the 10th anniversary of the Soviet :al regime's intensification of a campaign to eradicate clubs, the dissident Whereas the political situation in Poland has caused a large movement in Ukraine; SK National Executive explore the and number of persons to flee that country; and Whereas respect for the principles of s Irom government agencies and human rights, self- Whereas Ukrainians living in Poland are subject to persecution and determination of peoples to solicit donations from within the remain an abstract assertion and not a discrimination by virtue of their nationality; and tangible reality within Ukraine. set operating expenses. Whereas forty Ukrainian students from Poland have recently fled BE IT RESOLVED that during the month of January, the SUSK Poland and are currently in Austrian refugee camps awaitinq many Ukrainian organizations in National Executive commemorate this anniversary and elucidate resettlement; and fining membership, reflecting a these issues by organizing, in co-operation with other Ukrainian Whereas SUSK believes that it should assist students around the anizational and non-Ukrainian organizations, life; and world who find themselves in conditions as desperate as those of lis is accentuated in many cases, by i) a campaign to increase media awareness of the flagrant the Ukrainian student refugees ship from violations of human rights in Ukraine; the Ukrainian Canadian and BE IT RESOLVED that the SUSK National Executive undertake, as H) :ial and national levels, the preparation of a brief outlining these violations for an immediate priority, to assist the Ukrainian student refugees igress presentation to recommend that the SUSK government officials; and from Poland by launching an emergency campaign to: stional Hi) a demonstration committee to study various mass to be held before the Parliament i) raise funds to assist the Canadian Ukrainian Immigrant Aid buildings in Ottawa in g the structure and programmes of order to focus nation-wide attention on Society in its efforts to bring these refugees to Canada; and these '/free and to explore these various issues. ti) publicize the refugees' plight rganizations, with a view to reform tional life in general, and the Cultural Guide has not in particular. Whereas the Ukrainian-Canadian Resource been completed, as was resolved at the 21st SUSK Congress; and Whereas November 1981 marks the 5th anniversary of the creation Whereas the valuable research and information gathered for its of the Ukrainian Helsinki Monitoring Group; and ble means of cultural expression is production will become dated and of limited value if any further Whereas this group has undergone brutal repression ever since its of advancing the overall develop- delay is owed, inception, and almost all of its members have been imprisoned or BE IT RESOLVED that the 1981-82 SUSK National Executive form arrested, and SK National Executive develop a a Ukrainian-Canadian Cultural Resource Guide Publishing Com- Whereas the WCFU {World Congress of Free Ukrainians) will soon amme which would include the mittee to cooperate with the appointed trustees of the project be initiating a campaign in defense of the Ukrainian Helsinki materials Dmytro Jacuta and David Lupul, in order to bring the Monitoring Group; and during regional conference and project to lull fruition. Whereas the WCFU has come under attack from some sectors of 'nity seminars in centres across the community for its defense of democratic human rights and the ics; and Ukrainian Helsinki Monitoring Group, and has come under of existing alternative Ukrainian Whereas it is within SUSK's interests to network with other existing pressure to exclusively defend national rights in the narrow national bodies, sense Jraging participation in them; and student of the word. ^g artistic endeavours produced or BE IT RESOLVED that SUSK explore the costs and benefits of BE I T RESOL VED that SUSK add its efforts to those of the WCFU to ts through displays, exhibits joining the National Union of Students (NUS) and present a report and defend the cause of the Ukrainian Helsinki Monitoring Group and of their findings to the 23rd SUSK Congress. the concept of democratic human rights. ainian Canadian Students' Union BE IT RESOLVED that the 22nd SUSK Congress designate the Whereas the rate of inflation is presently at about 12% per annum, rcular CYCK logo" as the official month of February, 1982, as Ukrainian-Canadian Students' Month BE IT RESOL VED that the SUSrttravel subsidy be increased from urthermore this year's National and promote the activities on local campuses highlighting this 4

STUDENT, September 1981, Page 9 Beers with a sculptor Pointdexter Ukraine in the comix Leo talks about his life and art

Comics, cartoons, and comic books, are the last vestiges ot the 'pulp' medium. Be they black and white or in full color, the paper they are printed on is characteristically grainy and full of cellulose chunks. Their content can range from funny animals to outer space, from true love to wizards battling dragons. In short, the subject-matter is only limited by one's imagination. The genre of 'barbarian' comix is as old as Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan stories from the Golden Age of comix (1940s-1 950s). In the early seventies Marvel comix (the originators of Spiderman, The Fantastic Four, Captain America, etc.) launched the prototype of the adventure barbarian comic with a publication entitled Conan. It was an immediate success, mainly because of the artwork. Conan's illustrator, Barry-Windsor Smith, introduced a new wave of seventies' art into comics while maintaining his own distinct style. Essentially, he struck upon the novel idea of creating as his main character a noble savage in a romanticized neo-classical setting. Smith stayed on for the earliest issues but later quit, because of disagreements with Marvel. He then set up his own fantasy-art workshop which is named The Studio. But Conan continued and has since spawned not only a series of imitators, but an entire genre of comics.

It is not. however, the graphics but the storyline of Conan and that of a recent genre competitor, Arak the Thunderer (put out by Marvel's long-time competitor, D.C. Comics), that interests me most about this rich vein ot popular literature. Conan fiFSjUy, is a Cimerian. a mythical nationality that his author, R.E. Howard, fabricated. In fact, Howard invented an 'alternate world' based on old myths and ancient history, populating it with Nubians, Cossacks, Ethiopian Pirates, Vikings and other peoples modelled on ancient Egyptian, Pict, Celtic and other sundry sources. Basically, the alternate world is centred in the Middle East, though it stretches from continental Europe to Mongolia andthefhngesof the Orient. Cimeria is located in an area that is in the vicinity of the Crimerian basin. " Significantly, some of Conan's first encounters read as if they "Pioneer Family were from a page of Ukrainian history. As a travelling mercenary in the Cossack tradition, Conan fights with Vikings from the northern Leo is an international $rtist and sculptor "When I look at the drawings of youngsters, regions who has and with alternate world Cossacks. At one point of the become well known for his imaginative its obvious that they don't know what they are style series, extending over several issues of the comic, Conan actually in sculptures such as "Tomb Lamb doing. For instance, try to draw an ear without leads a group of Cossack bandits. Bushpilot" (1971), "Taras Shevchenko Monu- looking and you will find how little you know of is ment" in Conan modelled after Cro-Magnon man, but with an Washington D.C. (1965), General this small detail of the head. The basic structure elevated of morality principle; Dwight D. sense and he robs from the rich, Eisenhower and the "Pioneer Family" of all human beings is the same, yet the elements saves in distress, at the Ukrainian women and battles evil sorcerers. Some of the Cultural Heritage Village, near differ drastically. For example, take the ears. most interesting in Elk 1 of the stories the Conan series have explored Island Park, Alberta. He has also' recently Some ears are round, some are long. Some heads the dilemma that faces Conan when he encounters women produced a sculpture of Pope John Paul 11(1979) are turnip-shaped or pear-shaped. AH of these mercenaries is who are his fighting equals. Belit, the Pirate Queen of and currently working on a 9 foot-high statue of elements are supported by the basic structure the coast, fellow Shemish and a mercenary named Red Sonya are Queen Elizabeth II. and in themselves have set standards. Picasso two such 'problematic' women in Conan's fantasy life. Red Leo's work in Sonya mostcases can be described as said it has taken all his life to paint like a child, yet will not allow any to touch her first representational man body unless he defeats her realism. His father, who was a he has such formidable basic training that the in combat, which no man has yet proven capable of doing. The portratist in Ukraine, gave him the first elements elements come by themselves. He probably spectacle is an intriguing one: Cro-Magnon man meets Amazons for his basic knowledge of human form and as he didn't even see it. In Picasso's work, the spelling who drink, fight, swear, and plot as well as he does. progressed, he began to change the style of is there just as in any good writing; you don't look And how does Ukraine fit into all ot this? expression in Well, not only is it the his work. Asa realist, Leo produces at the spelling, but you read the content. Picasso region from which Conan originates, but bordering countries in the extreme likenesses to his models, yet, as an was not a child, nothing about his style was alternate world border popular descriptions of Rus and prehistoric expressionist, he puts great effort in developing childish, but after his training he could make a Ukraine. Of course, this is never mentioned directly, but the the sculptored surface of the work. This sculp- choice and he chose to be free... symbolism of Conan and the Cossacks plundering fat city tored surface tends itself to surrounding light, "The biggest mistake in art education in merchants and fighting oppressive tyrants places Conan well giving the sculptor the illusion of movement. This Canada can be blamed on the faculties of Fine within the tradition of popular 'bandit' folklore that is widespread movement is created the by dancing of light Arts at our universities. They are trying to teach among the Slavs. across the irregular surface of the finished the students to create. This is idiotic! Creating is Arak the Thunderer is another interesting innovation in product His works are mostly bronze, but during impossible to teach; it barbarian is such an individual, such comics. Created by ex-Marvel writers and artists now the Second World War he worked in terracotta a personal thing; like our voice or handwriting, it employed by D.C. Comics, it is a newcomer on the market, its first due to the unavailability of metal. cannot be taught! But the spelling, the knowledge issue having been released only two months ago. Ibwas initially Leo was born in Ukraine and studies art of structure, perspective and previewed in another composition can be D.C. comic, Warlord #48. In Arak the in Germany and the Netherlands. He moved to Thunderer taught and yet the faculties of Fine Arts pay so we have a different twist, as the barbarian is an Canada after the Second World has War and lived little attention to this. They are stupid! The art American Indian who is lost in ancient Europe. In the story we find for many years in Winnipeg, Manitoba, where he student is Arak battling Vikings over merely an apprentice, not a practising amber, a gem that has very strong has built his own foundry to facilitate the casting associations artist. What if we were treated by the medical with Ukraine, where it is found in large quantities. The of his sculptures. student rather than by doctors? I'll tell you, we amber is being protected by a living dragon made of the same would all be dead!" mineral. Add one sacrificial victim and a local priestess who speaks When two of us Student staff members got At this point, Leo strangely familiar words — Volos, Kupala. Dziewona — and took a sip of his Dort- we word that Leo was in to have a comic that Edmonton set up a munder (Union) Beer and we were ready to ask reads like a story from the Book of Vies' contract, we managed to arrange an appointment him the first of our questions. He beat us to the In this case, however, our hero discovers that the temale victim with him a scant two hours before his plane was punch. hardly needs rescuing, as she is protecting the sacred amber and due to leave. Armed with a list of questions and "So many artists, controls the dragon, having tricked the Vikings particularly young ones, and Arak into with pen in hand, were we prepared for the pretend not to give a damn as to*, what people thinking otherwise. As it turns out our heroine is not just a priestess regular run of the mill interview. local But Leo totally think about their work, yet these 'artists go on but a goddess of the forest, who "bends tall treetops like stalks dominated the conversation; all of our questions exhibiting their work! If they don't give a daVnn, it of grain!" were answered Although long before we could even pose their work has no message for society, then why Ukrainian themes are only implied in these alternate them. do they bother exhibiting? If they are trying to worlds of the imagination, their presence is unmistakeable No He starts: make a statement, doubt, they can'probably be discovered buried they must be prepared to within many other "Young poeple want to be sources of free, to have the accept the public reaction." popular culture. It just takes a critical eye to see the role ability to make a choice. They say they are At this point we suggested of comics and other pulps in expanding the geography and that Leo's work is the creating this or that particular style because mainly ethnicity of characters in fiction. they representational — that the content or D.C. Comics, no'doubt has are free, but in reality they are merely unprepared message is not there but, like Soviet monuments, discovered how popular Conan and Arak the Thunderer really are tocreateanyotherformorstyle. If you have never they are only they appear appealingly different to an americanized audience propaganda. How could he justify done the study of human form and this his Moreover, the possibility certainly exists suddenly you and work as art? replied: that someday the pulps want to be a representationalist, will you can't do it. "You have the wrong idea about art. draw upon actual events from Ukrainian history as the basis for Soviet And to say you are abstract or expressionist is First of all, the their stories, as both its prehistoric and modern past are majority of Soviet artists have ideally immature. How can you give suited to the 'barbarian-bandit' genre. contrived expres- tremendous skill and training, uncomparably sion to a human body when you can't draw the superior to ours. Secondly, their contribution to body in the first place? The spelling must be Eugene Plawiuk correct! No matter how (Zajcew will be back next issue!) you draw the letters the continued page 14 spelling must be there ...

Our new address: #435, 10766 97 St. Page 10: STUDENT, September 1981 ' Vegrevilie's Ukrainian festival KOLUMN-EYKA '81 PYSANKA Ivan Tymenko

"Welcome to Vegreville — "Can you imagine a town in people, ranging in age from BITAEMO!" reads the well- Ukraine dedicating a monu- toddlers and teens to didy and intentioned, it misspelled sign at ment to the KGB?" baby. the edge of the stoplight-sized Loved by tourists and Organized by townspeople prairie town. Situated 100 photographers from National to boost both civic pride and the kilometers east of Edmonton. Geographic and Maclean's local economy, the gathering Vegreville is perhaps best magazines, the egg is draws visitors from across the known, if not world-renowned, everything the local Chamber of prairies, the nation and around for its unique contribution to Commerce would want it to be: the world. The first weekend in the Canadian landscape — a colourful, exotic and attention- July sees the normally peaceful gigantic Ukrainian Easter egg getting. -Others see it as a streets of Vegreville come alive mounted on a pedestal. The reflection of some of the worst with tourists and festival-goers. pysanka is clearly visible from aspects of rural Ukrainian Everyone from the town florist Vasyl' Avramenko (1894-1981) the Yellowhead highway, which Canadiana. Legend has it that to the local hockey team seems runs between the Alberta not even Vasyl' Kyrylovych Avramenko died Charles Manson, the to get involved in making the on May 6 of this year at the capital and Saskatoon. The convicted age of 87. Rather than forgetting him, mass murderer, festival a success: there are now is the opportune time to park in which it is located has could resist search through one's thoughts, memories, the pysanka's booths ,and snack bars run by feelings, as well as become a favourite for campers appeal. Allegedly archives and books to discover who this man was, questioned at church - groups, clubs and and what it was and visitors to Vegreville's an- an annual that he accomplished. What should Vasyl' parole board hearing organizations, spearheaded by Avramenko mean to nual "Ukrainian Days" festival. about Ukrainian dancers in Canada What ? where he would live if he the Ukrainian Pioneers' does he mean to you What The surreal setting of the were does he mean to me? set free, Manson is sup- Association of Alberta. A pysanka is perhaps an ap- posed to Avramenko seems to have been a have unhesitatingly livestock arena is transformed one-man road show a propriate symbol of the ninety- travelling drifter of missionary replied "Vegreville, Alberta." into a yarmarok of boutiques zeal, and a fireball of energy year history of Ukrainian settle- charisma, desire and faith. Asked why, he is said to have selling t-shirts, buttons His faith lay in the ability of Ukrainian ment in Western Canada. The explained dance to raise the national consciousness about the egg and records, pottery and an assort- of Ukrainians I don't pysanka itself is dedicated to believe he ever married, for he observed that the town's ment of Ukrain-m kitsch and was too busy nurturing his the Royal Canadian Mounted citizens children — that is. anyone who seemed to be "his kind crafts. For the fourth con- wished to study Ukrainian Police, and was ceremoniously of dance. people." secutive year Student collective unveiled in 1973, on the 100th Of At times, I myself had perceived course, the people of members staffed a table selling Avramenko as being overly anniversary of its formation, nationalistic in his approach Vegreville don't have much in issues of the newspaper, Cana- to Ukrainian dance. In fact,""" ironically, the R.C.M.P. are Avramenko termed it "Ukrainian common with Charles Manson dian Institute of Ukrainian national dance", as opposed to often remembered by and Ukrainian "folk" dance, which we prefer to call it his fanatic followers, but Studies publications, and dissi- these days. Upon Ukrainian-Canadians more for they deeper thought, however. Avramenko's title are passionately com- dent literature from the op- very adequately their activities in ferreting out mitted to their reflects the social, political and economic conditions of Ukraine town and its egg positional movement in the in the makers of samohonka the post-World War I era. Teaching Ukrainian and like to show it each year by USSR. In addition to generating dance to absolutely (home-made moonshine) than hosting anyone willing to learn from him his a three-day "Pysanka interest and income, the table was own best way of for their contributions in help- Festival." contributing to the Ukrainian national movement. As Not to be mistaken for serves as a meeting place for Avramenko ing the first Ukrainians who had the talent tor teaching dancing, well some pagan ritual, the annual Edmonton-area Studentophiles as as for teaching people settled in Canada through the event how to teach dancing, most of his friends blends the atmosphere of who come in for the annual encouraged him in this early years by feeding work. During the years spent in them a country fair with the spirit of a Pysanka ritual. he Galicia immediately after the rations. In view of the R.C.M.P.'s First World War, while many of his compatriots Ukrainian wedding, producing Highlighting the weekend became soldiers in history of involvement in strike- a the army or joined Ukrainian underground potently pleasureable mixture is a grandstand show that movements. breaking and the 'monitoring' of Avramenko continued to dance. Even for this non-violentactivity, which is enjoyed by young and features some of the top name Ukrainian-Canadian groups for old alike. And indeed, the Ukrainian-Canadian Avramenko was imprisoned, and eventually forced to flee from the per- Polish subversive activity, one dis- Vegreville fair grounds where authorities in Western Ukraine. I first encountered gruntled pilgrim Avramenko's I at the pysanka the festival is held, was once l/eg' Festival name when started dancing site was overheard in 1966 under Jerry Metrunec' and Marion to remark, again awash with crowds of continued Ostapchuk Being early page 15 members of Edmonton's Ukrainian Shumka Dancers, they heavily emphasized Avramenko's choreography. In fact, Doremy Fasola's classical review that's all that I was taught in my first two years of dancing. Avramenko's "Kozachok", "Kotomyjka Sijanka", "Zaporozhets", "Arkan", etc. are implanted quite firmly in my mind. Jerry made sure of this... Shumka had begun its existence dancing Avramenko's dances almost exclusively. Jerry and Marion therefore felt strongly that their students should have this background as well, even though Shumka's members were already choreographing their own dances. These new dances reflected an increased awareness of the audience by focusing the dancers' attention more directly on the audience The dancers now confronted the audience face-to-face more often than they had in Avramenko's folksy, circular, more dancer-oriented style of choreography. Some Ukrainian dance ensembles now employ such dancer-oriented dances as part of their regular warm-up. Dancing needs to be fun for the dancers, as well as work. Just a few short years later, almost no-one in Edmonton and vicinity was teaching Avramenko's dances to their dancing L.M. Revutsky, Symtonlia No. 2 Orchestra (# D-02193-94), entailed in the 1940s. The times schools. At that time, Shumka's own dances had become more i-mazhor ("Symphony No. 2 in E issued in the late 1950s. What called for melodious tunes that popular, such as "Zhentsi" and "Lastivka". Only Avramenko's male Major"), State Merited can be said of Rakhlin's rendi- could be easily understood by dances "Arkan" and "Zaporozhets'' remained intact, if slightly Symphony Orchestra of the tion? Even Rakhlin's interpreta- the 1 masses, which is to say they modified. "Arkan' was modified first into a star formation, and later Ukrainian SSR, Volodymyr tion might convince you that it had to meet with the approval of by juxtaposing two lines of men. The new line had to re-learn Kozhukhar, cond. Melodiya is a very interesting work. nihilist With bureaucrats. Yet despite Avramenko's counter-clockwise steps and motion in a clockwise Stereo 33 CM 04155-56(a). the appearance of Volodomyr this Stalinist procrustean bed, direction. "Zaporozhets" simple and symmetrical choreography Kozhukhar's interpretation preserve of Revutsky managed to became slightly more complicated This dance still remains in Imagine, dear reader, the Revutsky's Second Symphony his integrity. The symphony is Shumka's repertroire. following situation: A Belgian we cannowfully appreciate how quite melodious, but is hardly wanderer Avramenko remained a , a drifting legend, right up discophile is interested in ob- much was missing in Rakhlin's mindless "music for the until his death. He would often turn up at a dance concert in a taining a recording of C. stale rendition masses." Moreover, the distant city, totally unexpected I remember how he looked when I Franck's minor d symphony, The recent Kozhukhar ver- symphony is not. like the music first saw him: grey hair covered by a regular sort of hat, long black and in the store he is offered sion is distinguished primarily of some of Revutsky's contem- svyfa. black boots, black pants, embroidered sorochka, cane, and one version (and perhaps not a fuller by a orchestral sound. poraries, a poor imitation of late eyes which entranced me even from afar. This was at the first very good one, at that). Un- The phrasing is much more 19th century Russian com- U.W.A.-sponsored dance workshop in Glen Spey, N Y. Here, Roma thinkable, you say? Surely, this articulate, and the timing is posers. The E Major Symphony Pryjma-Bohachevs'ka and Roman Stroc'kyj, my two new-found can only happen in Canada or tighter. As a result is sophisticated and can satisfy the heroes, convinced me that I should love, respect, and appreciate else in the Far somewhere West. symphony communicates with the aesthetic needs of a deman- this man, even if he did seem ultra-conservative, cranky, hyper- Yet, this is exactly the situation more authority than in the ding listener. critical and egotistical. "He has done very much — so much — that the Ukrainian discophile Rakhlin interpretation. The Second Symphony for Ukrainian dance. Yes, it is unfortunate that he does not time faces every he wishes to I Kozhukhar has greater feeling consists of three movements, understand that it is now our turn to make our contribution. But we a recording of — buy serious for the work and this comes — "Allegro moderate" II must respect this man for what he has done." Ukrainian music. With extreme- through in the interpretation. "Adagio," and III — "Allegro So Idid — even when in Edmonton he was invited by the ly rare exceptions only one Where needed, phrases are risoluto. quasi presto." The Cheremosh Ensemble to their concert, with the express intention version of a symphonic, painted as broadly as the third movement is played at- of honoring him. He took the microphone and began giving his chamber, operatic, ballet or landscape of the Ukrainian taca, that is without pause after analysis of the concert Despite empathizing with the uncomfor- other work is available. Take it steppe, and where delicacy is the second movement. first The table Cheremosh people, I still had to see thehumorousnessof the or leave it. required they are rendered as movement has as its main situation — he was so cute. It is therefore a real treat intricately as a pysanka orna- theme a melody that resembles Avramenko prescribed a "pure" form of Ukrainian dance, alternate recording of ment. the folk song "Oi vesna, when an vesnyt- believing that he was cleansing it of destructive and unnecessary a work becomes available and The Second Symphony is a sia." The poetry of a summer foreign influences He was a populist, teaching Ukrainian dance comparison becomes possible. much more mature work than night in Ukraine is recreated in anytime, anywhere, and in any place that he could. Heemphasized Such is the case with the disc Revutsky's youthfully romantic the second movement. The simplicity and the participation of people of all ages, putting under review, and it is a First (also available on third movement is composed of masses of people on stage at once to create a major spectacle. welcome opportunity indeed. Melodiya 33 D 027543-44(a)). two contrasting song themes Avramenko taught Ukrainian national dance, not folk dance. He For many years the only recor- The E Major Symphony was which Revutsky interweaves himself was a "reborn" Ukrainian, having embarked on a process of ding of L. Revutsky's Second initially composed in 1926-27, into a harmonious climax. discovering his roots after wandering throughout the Orient. Symphony — if you could get it but was revised in 1 940 and it is In short, a fine recording of Avramenko totally devoted himself to the Ukrainian people, in the first place — was the this version that is now per- an outstanding work of modern wherever in the world they happened to have wandered Rakhlin version with the Ukrai- formed. It is only too well- Ukrainian symphonic music. nian SSR State Symphony known what such 'revisions' Kolumn-eyka continued on page 12 Edmonton, Alberta, T5J 2P2 STUDENT, September 1981, Page 11 Kolumn-eyka. CREDIT UNION limited . t I UKRAINIAN (EDMONTON) ^„,

(cont'd, from page 11) . (403) 429-1431 Alberta T5H 2M5 10850 - 97 Street Edmonton. In my eyes, this man is a giant. In this article, I've described him. more needs to be Retir, . ent Sav r,gs Plan I've seen, heard, and read of Much Savings ( Life insured to $2000) Registerjd what about him, whether to complement or to criticize the folk to $10,000) Travellers Cheques written Loans (Life insured which remain after him. Volume Certificates legends memories and articles Service -- No Charge Guaranteea Term in Chequing one of a biography by Ivan Pihuljak was published in 1979 unfortunately Syracuse N Y. It is written only in Ukrainian, which persons means that he will still remain only a legend to 99% of the scene. I OFFICE HOURS actively participating in the Ukrainian-Canadian dance to meet hope at least, that these people will have the opportunity U.W.A. workshop in MONDAY — Closed someone like Mr. Kharuk, whom I met at the so they can see hiseyes shine as he says, "Yes! I danced TUESDAY — 10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Glen Spey, with balet-mejster Avramenko..." WEDNESDAY — 10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. THURSDAY — 10:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m. Student would dearly love to be able to accumulate enough him. If you have FRIDAY — 10:00 a.m. - 5;00 p.m. articles about Avramenko for a special feature on or anything about him that Student SATURDAY — 10:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. any remembrances, pictures, could use, please send them in ! Demjan Hohol

THE FEDERAL LIBERAL GOVERNMENT WANTS TO TRIPLE YOUR TUITION THE PC PARTY UNDERSTANDS STUDENTS CAN'T AFFORD SUCH AN INCREASE

Last fall, Finance Minister Allan MacEachen announced a $1.5 billion cut in federal transfer payments to the provinces under the Established Programs Financing (E.P.F.) plan.

The targets of the announced cut were to be hospitals, health care and post secondary education.

National Health and Welfare Minister, Monique Begin, reacted by declaring that no cuts would come in areas under her supervision.

As a result post secondary education will bear the brunt of any cutback scheme.

It is estimated that the University of Toronto could lose as much as $100 million from its annual operating budget under the Liberal plan. The University of Manitoba could lose $40 million, Dalhousie $20 million.

What will these cuts mean?

* Smaller universities and community colleges may be forced to close. * The quality of post secondary education could be seriously threatei.^d.

* University and college sponsored research and development could ail but disappear. * Sky-rocketing tuition fees would make a mockery of the right to education for lower and middle income Canadians.

At a time when Canada is an importer of skilled labour and high technology, the government is ignoring our own national potential.

At a time when the Canadian economy is in desperate need of new economic leadership

the Liberals seem too determined to make it increasingly difficult for young people to get a decent education and good skills training. THERE IS ONLY ONE CONCLUSION. THE LIBERAL PARTY JUST DOESN'T CARE ABOUT YOUR FUTURE. WE DO

Paqe 12: STUDENT. September 1981 " . *

SUSK and the Sixties- Maryn- (cont'd, from page 5) ghettoes to speak on an ethnic page of Canada's largest me. I was at panel, and the student paper, newspaper, first simply specialized sector of the Toronto Star. astonished, the community appears not to Student, was revived (and to and then very ex- connect the This should give you — total picture seems to be of this day some cited, and finally deeply moved less continues to be one of idea of the flavour consequence than perpetuation of the specific the of the Ukrai- by my association faction most important forums for with these In terms of cultural endeavours. nian Canadian Student Move- brothers and Toronto's groups the independent, critical sisters who proved by and large, display today what you ment. The point I want to make could have seen or to me that I did Ukrainian-Canadian and- not have to heard a decade ago, with about it is that, as soon as SUSK very few exceptions And American). choose between my ethnicity where those intervened in the movement exceptions exist, the possibility of their as a and my politics. In fact, Also in 1969 the Royal what making greater gains in whole, initially on behalf of they terms of developing their mode Commission on demonstrated was that my of bilingualism Ukrainian interests, cultural expression are seriously hampered by and they ethnicity was essential to biculturalism (which was my financial constraints and, at times, the became part of that movement. new left cold shoulder of the government's response politics and that to a community to In so doing, they converged not always favourably disposed to noveltv the tumult at repudiate that ethnicity, that and of the nationalist several points with innovation. the ideology Ukrainianness, was to movement in Quebec) released cheapen The emphasis, within our and values of student and enervate those cultural milieu is on volume four of its study, the Dolitics. preservation, not development. radicalism in general. Which brings Museum-ization of our volume in which for the first me to the last culture is the inevitable For example, like the outcome of this mentality Its new point I want to time government make. Namely relevance to daily life examined left, these Ukrainian Canadians becomes less and less viable and ethnic so what? A decade and a half groups from the point of our alienation from it, greater. were critical of the old left, later, what can we say view of policy, a process which was the A major shortcoming of particularly of soviet style com- the Toronto community is was to culminate achievement of this period of in Trudeau's munism, that there is no existing alternative group a critique they arrived our radicalism? Three things sans policy statement two years later organizational, political, or other at not from the Canadian but the One, the generation limiting ties that on multiculturalism, which has of the basically offers a general environment Ukrainian question. And, like sixties has provoked for expressina governed our lives as ethnics a re- their Ukraininess. the new left, they were on the examination of the ever since. SUSK sent out 15 assumptions The Professional and left of student politics, a posi- of our community. Business Club claims to field workers this time Two, it has provide such an to tion which they consolidated as made a outlet but, in effect, its program of statement about what it organize local conferences in events offers about as much inspiration they envisioned the details of an is as a dose of response like to be a member of the valium. to the government independent On the other nand, joining a branch of the Ukraine. What post-war or ' second North UCC initiatives: in fact, the student requires more swimming against the current would it look like? What about American generation. than even activists were Three, it an Olympic the leaderedge of contender could endure. There is party democracy? Workers* has attempted a no the ethnic communities redefinition of Hromada group as exists on this councils? A socialized the in Edmonton, no Natalia issue. content of ethnic con- Kobrynska When Trudeau spoke of economy? society as Saskatoon has recently es- Women's rights? sciousness and therefore of our "alienation in a technological tablished, there is no dynamic community publication The dezates of the women's political project as society'' he was quoting one well. around which interested people could — liberation movement Assumptions group there Roman Petryshyn, of the com- simply is no existing association SUSK ac- penetrated even here, where where Ukrainians can munity. That the community is a tivist, who had just organized a gather, exchange ideas, socialize and enlighten cossack machismo was De united front as to values conference, "British, French and themselves that is independently Riguer: SUSK women objected behavior and organized cross- and others" and that these values generational, mter-organizational, who had been to their second class non-specialized status are, or should be, middle class. and non-denominational, among those consulted by within that provides an outlet for the male dominated Which is a way of saying that Trudeau's staff. their interests and which, in turn, might act as an agent student organizations and to only decent, law abiding, In con- exerting a sorely lacking . 1971, a thousand young the exploitativeness progressive influence within of interper- formist ethnics are the "real" the greater community. demonstrators, agitating at the sonal relations. And it was Ukrainian-Canadians. That the soviet embassy in There is no such entity. There are Ottawa for directly from the student Milieu pockets of only legitimate political activity creative thinkers, the release of Moroz and that most of them currently freelance Ukrainian-Canadians takes place within the Ukrainians, Karavansky from soviet deten- plugging in seldom, if at all. adopted the styles of the nationalist Many don't tion, organizations, or, contributeeven in this were violently repulsed by counterculture: capacity having cut the umbilical dope, rock'n more recently, within the "of- the police. Petitions, rallies, and cord permanently. Others, are firmly entrenched roll, long hair, communal living. ficial" ethnic groups like the a hunger strike followed, behind those factional cordons and will never experi- Thus it was that something professional and business signalling the beginning of a ment in organizational cross-pollination. brand new had emerged in the clubs, or, for that matter, only very effective public campaign The Toronto community is basically pretty conven- emigre community: a current within the communist party and in support of the Ukrainian tional. There is no thriving counter-culture, no vibrant which was both Ukrainian its and front organizations. That the alternative dissident movement. A network group, no anarchicfringeproviding the foil anti- capitalist. white, anglo-saxon, protestant of 8 "set them free' committees check and balance to the complacent and stodgy For some, the Ukrainian middle class male is sprang the highest mainstream. from the SUSK clubs. In question remained primary achievement the of western culture. Without these elements summer of 1971 Trudeau, throughout. others, and their crucial For par- I think we can safeiy say our perpetual Prime regenerative capacities, emanating from direc- Minister, ticularly those who had grown that the Ukrainian some new leftists tion and leading the way out of travelled to the USSR, including in our current state of up smaller centres where to put paid to all these assump- Ukraine, where he informed the passive acceptance; out of the web of emigre intrigue be ethnic was to be part of the tions. By their own example, press corps and the bog of social pretention; out of our current state that "Ukrainian everyday life of the town, the they have shown that there is of self-serving dissidents are like the FLQ — factionalsm, how can we expect that at Canadian question eventually more than one way to be a they're all the 100th anniversary of Ukrainians in terrorists and I don't Canada, only a became primary. The Canadian legitimate Ukrainian North support decade down the road, these same issues will them." Back home, the new left not was raising its version American and that our future plague us even proverbial shit hit the fan. The more bleakly than they do today of the "National Question" — lies neither in! the ghetto, among FLQ were convicted kidnappers the American domination of the melancholic memoirists of and murderers. The Ukrainian Canadian life — and this rang a the diaspora, nor in the unthink-" dissidents were scrupulously bell for the Ukrainians. And the ing assimilation of the legalistic. The whole communi- vision of democratic socialism denatured suburbanites. ty exploded with indignation. A for Ukraine was easily transpos- There are alternative. What few weeks later, Trudeau Be a spy for ed to Canadian society. is it like, then, to be part of this accepted an invitation to ad- With these links in mind, sixties generation? We make dress the KYK congress. About the SUSK activists began to use of whatever is at hand to 20 students decided to use the cultivate those Ukrainian- forge the so-called "Third Way" occasion to force the issue of Canadians Student who were in the of ethnicity. Minority group the dissidents. They went on a broad left milieu but who had strategies. Anti-imperialist hunger strike a week Travelling to Eastern Europe or before not declared themselves as strategies. (Support for the Trudeau's appearance in Win- Ukrainians. People like me. It FMLN in El Salvador.forsolidari- the Soviet Union? If so, you could be nipeg, — and made the front was quite a rendezvous, believe ty in Poland). Alternative life of invaluable service to Student by styles. Feminist culture. informing us about little-known Regionalism. (Ukrainian Cana- dian identity cannot be incidents or events that you learn separated out from the whole about during your visit. Naturally, drama of the colonization of the 5 we're especially interested in heav- 37 prairie.) These are all materials JJ for building a community of ing about anti-Soviet activities and resistance to the forces of coca- manifestations of resistance to the colization. state, but we'll accept anything that 5 Thus, a new ethnic con- light sciousness is taking shape. It sheds on what's really going on UKRAINIAN (Toronto) CREDIT UNION takes account of the moments inside the Russian empire. We want in our history on this continent stories about strikes, shortages, LTD. when we were intractable, rebellious, militant, for in these bureaucratic fuck-ups and violations moments we demonstrated our of human rights, as well as the words fierce appetite for democratic to underground songs, political control of our lives as ethnics, a control that depends on the graffitti, or the latest Soviet joke. social and economic transfor- We'll share with our readers any mation of the whole society. interesting information that travell- The new consciousness ing Student readers share with : reaches out to other ethnics for us. Rd. : 3635 Cawthra they, like us, are implicitly Submissions in 2:97 College St. 2397 Bloor St. W. can be the form of involved in alternatives to the ( . . Toronto Ont Toronto, Ont. articles or short items for our "Bloc ) socioculatural status quo. We .:272-0468 M5T , S2 .: 762-6961 are in this together, all the more Notes" and "KGB" columns, and .: 922-1402 since our community is losing should be either typed or neatly 922-2797 the language, is intermarrying, written (double spaced with ample is massively disaffected from the established institutions. In margins) for convenience editing. other words, the community is moving away from a specific Ukrainian-Canadian identity Note: Although we'll be happy to print con- - towards a general or modified tributions, either anonymously or under one, an ethnic identity. If that pseudonyms, each submission must be properly * can be mobilized as social identified (full name and return address) so that we can verify the credibility of our ************************************************* dissidence, well, then, we will agents. have a tiger by the tail.

STUDENT, September 1981, Page 13 Patriotic Movement (cont'd. from page 6) (continued from page 10) modern art in terms of expressionism and relegating patriotic feelings to the ranks of state called government of the Ukrainian SSR must become impressionism is so immense — take for crimes? There is no such government among sovereign the object of this national self-determination. instance Kandinsky, Archipenko, Yaurelinsky. states, even today's colonial rulers do not behave in this We denounce any attempts that the Soviet etc But we completely overlook this when we say fashion authorities might make to take advantage of our "its all propoganda". Not quite so! When we look For this reason, we. the victims of political demands and, instead, declare that freedom for at Soviet artwork in North America, we see repression in Ukraine, proclaim to our nation, to the Ukraine will bring freedom for the Russian and other tremendously powerful works and, of course, governments of all the countries of the world, and to the nations enslaved bytheexisting regime. A free Ukraine they are propoganda. But by the same token, do United Nations our desire to secede from the USSR, to guaranteed all rights to all peoples living in Ukraine: you not think that Michaelangelo's Sistene lead our people out of communist slavery. We are Russians and Poles, Jews and Tatars, Rumanians and Chapel ceiling is not also propaganda? forced to do this ourselves, because the official Hungarians. We understand what it means to live under Propaganda promoting Christianity in such a government of the Ukrainian SSR, being nothing other colonial oppression and therefore proclaim: the people grand manner, and Michaelangelo only tried to than an occupational regime, will never pose this who live in our country will be assured the broadest follow the scriptures, thats all. But we deeply demand- We are forced to do this now, because each political, economic and social rights. All the rights of believe in his technique and style... that Ukraine remains part of the USSR beings us day various religious associations national minorities and I knew an artist in Germany during the last closer to the death of our nation. We address this will guaranteed unconditionally. — his name was Brecuave, an incredible demand to the Union government, because we see in be war could become a reliable bulwark for one of Hitler's closest con- Ukraine's secession her only salvation. We are not A free Ukraine sculptor. He was the West against communist expansionism. It would fidants and yet he wasn't a member of the Nazi violating the constitution. This is our only chance to healthier political climate inside the countries he asked why not, he replied "I escape spiritual and national extinction and to attain create a party. When was It all the western border. would assist sculptor, a politician. I have no time for our desire to live with dignity. on Ukraine's am a not nations that today make up the USSR in attaining a politics". But at the time, most of his works We appeal to our nation and to all people living on same dignified national existence. The decolonization of for political purposes. Can you see the territory of the Ukrainian SSR to support our were used of world peace. Ukraine is the only guarantee why I do representational art?" demand. It is essential that we make a concerted effort Freedom for Ukraine! Here asked Leo about the biggest to ensure that in time a referendum be held — under we for all nations under the yoke of the sculptors in North America free democratic conditions and under the supervision Freedom problems confronting empire! responded: of a United Nations commission. The Ukrainian people communist today. He January 1980 Ukrainian Patriotic Movement Soviets of producing and not their occupational rlers in the guise of the so- "We accuse the everything as representational and they, the Soviets, accuse us of being too abstract. If we in Canada have nothing to compare, we cannot make a valid judgement. The Ontario National

Gallery doesn t get donations anymore, after all, what's the use of donating when your donation will be stuck in- the basement. Naschovic, a Yugoslav sculptor, has two works in Toronto. One is A Praying Mother slightly bigger than'life size and the other is a head of Moses, four times larger than life size. They are stuck in the

basement. Why? I'll tell you, because they are killing abstract! They are so powerful that abstract forms can't stand the competition. We don't need the galleries for exhibiting sculpture — pieces should be on view out- doors for the public to see. The second largest

problem is that of working conditions. I have a contract to do a nine-foot figure of Queen

Elizabeth. I was thinking of going to New York, but the studio rent is very high. Then by sheer luck, a friend found me a warehouse in Winnipeg. Even though the conditions are very poor, it will

Better to do. But after I finish the sculpture, I have must

find a place to cast it, most likely in 4Germany. Canada has two foundries, but their prices are outrageous." We asked Leo if he took into consideration the shipping costs, and he laughed: "It's total! All total! Shipping theoriginal by air, shipping back the mold for touch-up by air, shipping it back by air, casting, and shipping by

air back to Canada. After all is completed I save safe Ger- than dollars. between two and three thousand many is cheaper. In the Munich Yellow pages there are four columns of sculptors, twice as many as in all of Canada combined, and this is just one city in Germany. Europe is so much further ahead than Canada in sculpture." We asked Leo which of his sculpture sells the best in North America, expressionist or realist sorry works? "To tell you thetruth. both sell well. But in my opinion, it is just as difficult or even more difficult If you conceive an unwanted child, it's too late to be sorry. to do representationalist work. You see, you have a yardstick to measure representational work, If you contract venereal disease, it's too late to be sorry. where as in abstract, there are no such If you develop side effects as a result of using another form of birth yardsticks." We looked at the clock and Leo's plane was control, it's too late to be sorry. to leave in twenty minutes. He told us he had Use electronically tested quality condoms manufactured by plenty of time — a kind gesture on his part — order to Julius Schmid. ,n=a but we quickly ended the interview in allow him to leave. As we were moving to the Be safe, instead of sorry. |jcg lulius Schmid. formalities of saying goodbye, we asked Leo his

- opinion of the artist's image with respect to his rroduusuMiuiiidi'tH'niloii pi'lipU'WlliWCillly-Ulk . art. "I'm laughing, I'm laughing! Why put such importance on your appearance when you are not the art work? The art work speaks for itself. Unlike an actor who has only himself, the artist has something beyond his body. Don't photograph me, photograph my work. I'm no movie star!" Moving into the lobby, we asked him whether he thought that by not getting exposure for himself, he would fail to open the doors to success. Leo answered: "Where there is a knock, the door might be open." He asked the hotel attendant for his luggage and proceeded to show us his brand new Camera. We walked him to the door, said our goodbyes and turned back into the lobby. We didn't say much, we just wanted a new pack of Camels.

HUUtSOWt* <*0. UWTWOIITMtBMO ) 28 RAMSIS SHI" ^ l>Ci4rt!*>MIL'«SI"Ufl»0UtlfieAANOCr*

Page 14: STUDENT, September 1981 Solidarity- Vegreville —Pot (continued from page 7) (cont'd, from page 11) (cont'd, from page 3) The ruling circles are es- dependent trade union move- formers. This year's guest ar- their best foot forward in dis- Studertt, their Ukrainian pecially concerned that ment, who have been forced to tists included Joan Karasewich, playing their dance skits before ancestor/. How quaint! This Solidarity's impertinent' organize clandestinely since a who shared the stage with her a large audience and a panel of rather moronic conclusion is message may fall on fertile wave of arrests in 1 978 crippled two daughters, Reena and judges. A parade, a period analagous to the "it's tun to be ground. There has been a the fledgling movement. Joanne; comedienne Luba Goy, fashion show and various other Ukrainian" cossack mentality steady trickle of industrial Many of the activists, like of the Royal Canadian Air events rounded off the activities That is strikes food Volodymyr Klebanov, to say if you want and protests over a Ukrai- Farce; the band Veselka, from of '81 Pysanka . which was Ukrainians to do anything, tell shortages in the Soviet Union nian coal miner from Makayeva Montreal; and the singing blessed with excellent weather. them it is "Ukrainian" to do it since the Polish of in Donbas region, 'hot summer' the are Todaschuk sisters from Win- All-in-all, '81 Pysanka and then they do it — a nice 1980. Significantly, the presently in psychiatric prison nipeg, Manitoba. Also perfor- offered what has now become formula. organizers Needless to say, of these actions wards and labour camps. As ming was the CYMK choir from standard have fare for Ukrainian Koskovych is really grasping at included rank and file Solidarity delegates in Gdansk Edmonton, an orchestra led by festivals. Whether or not the thin air if he thinks that the latter members of the Communist have promised to defend all Eugene Zwozdetsky, and same attractions will continue of any significance in the Party itself: for instance, party who are struggling to form Vegreville's own Sopilka to draw people to the gathering developmentof social policy on members played leading roles democratic workers Dancers, who seem to improve each year remains to be seen, grass I excuse our ancestor in the Yedinstvo independent organizations, independent of with each passing year. Finally, but one suspects that for many with being ignorant (but not trade union uncovered and state and party control. Their this year's emcee was none the festival is merely an excuse stupid). What is Koskovych's smashed by police in Chernivtsi message to the like people other than Student's popular to get togetherand have agood excuse? last year, and in the two strikes Klebanov can only be cause for music reviewer, the ubiquitous time.Atleast that is the impres- If Koskovych, for whatever in Kiev in March of 1981. The hope. Bohdan Zajcew. sion that one got watching all personal (and possibly nar- unrest being caused by Thousands of young peo- If didn't you want to spend the young people dancing on cissistic) reason(s) had as his economic hardship is starting ple gathered at the gravesite of any money you could always the crowded hockey arena floor perspective on the issue of pot to polarize party stalwarts work- Vladimir Vysotsky in Moscow's catch various free exhibits and on Saturday night. For an that he presented in his article, ing in locals official trade Vahankovsky of the Cemetary on 25 displays, or simply take in the instant, town and country met then I congratulate his giving unions and municipal ad- June, the first anniversary of his marathon dance competitions and mingled amid the strains of the subject a great deal of ministration, leading to an in- death. Vysotsky was popular held in the hockey arena. The Ukrainian music, which thought. What I question is his creasing number of defections throughout the Soviet Union as latter involved hundreds of probably would have brought not presenting the above as to the ranks of the opposition. a left wing balladeer and critic young dancers ranging in age an approving smile from that — and an interesting There is no doubt that of the regime. Samizdat from sources five to twenty-five, who put Vegreville's original pioneers.... but biased, and narrow Solidarity's appeal is getting reported that 10,000 young perspective on a very complex through to the Soviet citizenry, people had gathered outside a via Red Army soldiers who are memorial meeting at a Moscow INITIATIVE stationed inside Poland, jthe theatre in June 1980. and that GROUP FOR THE FORMATION OF A initiative will be welcomed there were several clashes UKRAINIAN AD HOC COMMITTEE OPPOSED TO U.S. warmly by activists in the in- between them and the police. INTERVENTION IN EL SALVADOR!

For the past year the established media in the people have protested, petitioned, and North America has been paying increasing demonstrated against this oppression in non- attention to events in Central America, particular- violent ways, and have also participated ir ly to the conflict in El Salvador. With some fraudulent elections, but to no avail. exceptions, this coverage has been inadequate Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero, who was and little effort has been made to uncover the assasinated by the security forces in 1980, aptly historical reasons behind Student the popular revolt or to characterized the contemporary situation in the provide us with an indepth analysis of that following statement: "When a dictatorship at- society. tacks human rights and the commonwealth of the Instead, much of the media, particularly in nation, when it becomes unbearable and all Press Fund the U.S., has simply accepted the position of the channels of dialogue, understanding and U.S. State Department. The U.S. authorities claim rationality are closed off; when this happens, (contributions this month) the the reason there is a revolution going on is Church speaks of the legitimate right to insurrec- because the Cubans and (indirectly) the Soviets tion." Archbishop Romero and other church are supplying arms and training Salvadorean officials have requested that the U.S. nof guerillas and are in effect, meddling in the tervene in El Salvador, internal Mykola Tuvinsky $14.00 affairs of El Salvador. According to this The present military junta, which is nominal- logic, if Cuban and Soviet "interference" could be ly headed Iby the Christian-Democrat Jose stopped, there would be no problem in El Napoleon Duarte. does not represent any signifi- Mr. L. Gawdiak £3. Salvador. cant sector of the population. Furthermore, most Even if arms from so-called Communist of the Christian-Democrats have withdrawn countries have been channelled to the El support from Duarte and have joined about 150 Salvadorean guerillas, this by no means is the other organizations in forming the Democratic underlying cause of the current civil war. Rather, Revolutionary Front (F.D.R.). The F.D.R. is a the causes are to be found in the internal social, broadly based coalition which represents the political and economic structures within that overwhelming majority of the El Salvadorean society. people. The following statement/petition points to The junta is being portrayed by the U.S. some of the actual underlying reasons as to why government as a "moderate" alternative to right the Juarte-military junta that is backed by the and left wing "extremists." However, this so- U.S. government has so little support from the called moderate junta has purged itself of $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ people of El Salvador. It also re-affirms the links "moderate" members. It has been responsible for $ $ between the Salvadoran people, Ukrainians, and the murder of the vast majority of the ten to others who struggle for their independence and thirteen thousand El Salvadoreans killed in 1980. $ The Student debt for the 1980- 5 their right to self-determination. It unequivocally The alleged agricultural reforms undertaken by 4 1981 publishing year was S stands opposed to superpower intervention in the government have been postponed indefinite- $3,000.00 j ^ the affairs of other nations and peoples. ly. The international community has generally The dissemination of this statement/petition been critical of U S. support for the junta. $ $ within the Ukrainian community is meant to raise In view of the above-described situation, we. $ $ the issueof El Salvadoramongstourselves. Since the undersigned declare our unequivocal sup- $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ none of the political currents, organizations or port for the El Salvadorean people in their media in our community have been willing to struggle for self-determination and in- publicly speak out against the repression in El dependence. Furthermore, we appeal to all Salvador by the U.S. -backed regime, we oner you Ukrainians to join us in calling for an end to U.S. an opportunity to voice your solidarity with the intervention in El Salvador. As we struggle for our people of El Salvador through this petition. own self-determination in a society where economic and social justice shall prevail, we It takes more than We Ukrainians have been victims of foreign declare our solidarity with all nations and groups occupation and domination throughout our attempting to achieve these same goals! history. Due to our experiences in the past as a theory to start nation suppressed by Tsarist Russia and other Oleksander Towstopiat Bohdan Futala powers, Snd today, oppressed within the con- Bohdan Klid fines of the Soviet Union, we are sensitive to and support the aspirations of all nations to self- a practice. If you support the contents of this petition, determination. It only follows that as an op- just clip the section provided and send it to the pressed nation, we oppose the militaristic ac- address below. The initiative group which is YOU CAN BENEFIT tivities of both Superpowers, the U.S. and the responsible for this petition plans to purchase U S S R. Therefore, we wish to declare our space in an established emigre publication where the El Salvadorean FROM OUR FULL RANGE support and solidarity with the statement as well as a list of supporters would people, who are currently struggling to be printed. Those who would like additional OF FINANCIAL SERVICES. overthrow a brutally repressive regime, which is copies of the petition, further information, or supported by the U.S. Government. would like to make some comments or criticism, El Salvador, a country of approximately five can write to the committee as well. Any cheques is Latin America's poorest million people, one of to help finance its publication would be most nations. Only 16% of the population is fully welcome and should be made payable to: employed. A majority of the population receives Ukrainian Ad Hoc Committee. approximately only one-halt the necessary Life is calories to sustain health. expectancy Return this portion and any donations to. age 46 and one of four children dies before they wretched conditions reach the age of five. These Ukrainian Ad Hoc Committee of the population exist at the same time that 2% c/o Latin American Society land. owns 60% of the arable Cal Slate University L.A. referred This agrarian oligarchy, commonly 5151 State University Dr.

' controlled HERITAGE TRUST to as the "fourteen families. has the Los Angeles. Ca. 90032. 10126 - 101 St., EDMONTON production and marketing of the country's TELEPHONE 429-6656 agricultural commodities, as well as its financial Signature # 192 KINGSWAY GARDEN MALL, EDMONTON institutions and industry. Until the 1930's the Name: TELEPHONE 474-8471 oligarchy ruled directly. After a peasant uprising Address: - 8lh AVENUE. S.W. 319 CALGARY in 1932, which resulted in the massacre of 30.000 TELEPHONE 765-4415 peasants, military dictatorships have ruled in behalf of the oligarchy. For the past half-century STUDENT, September 1981, Page 15 Return Requested mw ss? #435, 10766 -97 St. Second Deuxieme Alberta class classe Edmonton, 4883 Canada T5J 2P2 EDMONTON

Sponsorship Campaign for

Ukrainian Refugees

Due to the current world political situation many young Ukrainians have fled Eastern Europe and are urgently requesting your assistance for resettlement in Canada.

The minimum estimated sponsorship and settlement cost is $1,500. per person.

Those individuals and groups who are not in a position to sponsor a refugee are requested to forward contributions to the address indicated below so that funds can be used at the earliest advantage.

Help us to sponsor these refugees:

Individuals and organizations who wish to sponsor a refugee are requested to contact Ukrainian Immigrant Aid for names and in- structions.

Send contributions to: Canadian Ukrainian Immigrant Aid Society Suite 209 2323 Bloor St. West Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6S 4W1 Telephone (416) 767-4595 Tax receipts will be provided