ΙΝ∆ I O T A N U D E L T A N A T I O N A L F R A T E R N I T Y

Interchapter Council Constitution

ΙΝ∆ National COUNCIL CONSTITUTION

PREAMBLE

We, the brothers of the Iota Nu Delta Brotherhood, have established this organization for the purposes of promoting and advancing the cultural diversity found on college campuses. The Iota Nu Delta Fraternity is South Asian based, but is not, nor ever will be exclusive to men of South Asian origin. Our Brotherhood seeks to encompass all individuals and will not discriminate on the basis of race, religion, creed, ethnicity, orientation, or any physical handicaps.

Discrimination of any type would go against the very core of our purpose and would promote elements of intolerance and destroy the unity that we seek to create. We seek to enhance and develop the leadership qualities of our brothers to prepare them for the world of tomorrow. With this goal in mind we prioritize the rigors of religion, family, and academia in addition to our brotherhood.

We shall not condone nor will we ever tolerate any method that would be contrary to the principles of our fraternity and our purpose of creating unity. We will not accept or tolerate any forms of hazing or intolerant modes of behavior. No potential member will be subjected to any activity that is degrading or hazardous. We seek to create a strong bond among the brothers of this Fraternity.

Section I. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

The purpose of Iota Nu Delta stems from the need to create a forum for today’s collegiate men to convene under the objectives of brotherhood, service to humanity, professionalism, and cultural awareness. With these objectives in mind, we form Iota Nu Delta with the following symbols:

• Name: Iota Nu Deta (ΙΝ∆) • Stone: Diamond 1 • Mascot: Royal Bengal Tiger • Primary colors: Orange & Green • Mottos: Mind, Body, Soul; Brotherhood Eternal2 (in greek) • Chant: Shakti ΙΝ∆ 2

National Interchapter Council Constitution

With the rapid expansion of Iota Nu Delta, it has become evident for the need of a central interchapter executive body. This necessity has given rise to the establishment of an ΙΝ∆ National Council and National Board (referred hereby as “National” or “NB”). The goals and objectives of this governing body are the following::

1. To maintain uniformity amidst the growing diversity. With the rewards that come with expansion, also come the dangerous consequences of a growing diversity. This diversity will stem from the different subcultural groups within the fraternity, the different religions, different political views and also encompasses the most obvious source of diversity found in the distinct identity of each ΙΝ∆ chapter. Although the diversity primarily must serve to be the foundation of our strength, there lie the subtle possibilities of more harmful effects on the entire fraternity as a functional organization. Consequently, with the continued growth and expansion of the fraternity and with the addition of new brothers and chapters, it becomes even more difficult to maintain some uniformity and unity.

2. To serve as a general forum to address problems and concerns. The council will serve as a general forum to take interchapter votes and decisions to make uniform changes throughout the entire fraternity. National will serve as a “discussion board” to address relevant issues concerning the entire fraternity (ie: pledging issues, expansion possibilities). The council will represent a forum to discuss and decide these issues because it will soon become impractical and unfeasible to discuss such issues at meetings with all brothers from all chapters present. However, National is set up structurally and functionally so that every brother’s personal view is NOT neglected, and each fraternity member’s legitimacy of his vote is not overlooked. National will function as a smaller representation of the entire fraternity and its constituent chapters.

3. To represent ΙΝ∆ at any national Greek (Inter-fraternity) meetings. National and its delegates will represent the entire fraternity at all inter-fraternity meetings (if we ever get involved or invited to attend national Greek functions). It will once again serve as ΙΝ∆’s representative body in discussing the fraternity’s stand and decisions at such meetings.

Section II. STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION

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The council, as I mentioned, is structured both physically and functionally similar to the individual chapter governing executive boards. With this in mind, the organization and power of the NB is simple:

Positions: A. Executive Board 1. Executive President 2. Executive Vice President 3. Secretary 4. VP of Finance 5. VP of Operations 6. VP of Expansion 7. Director of Intake

B. Board Members 1. Chapter representatives (2 reps) 2. Associate Chapter representatives (1 rep) 3. Colony representatives (1 rep)

Responsibilities: (E-Board) 1. Executive President The president presides over the meetings as a judge presides over a courtroom and jury. He is responsible to make sure the meeting runs smoothly, efficiently and orderly. He directs the meeting from one part to the next (ie: from discussing issues to voting on them). See Procedures and Protocol.

Duties and Responsibilities: a) has the absolute power to call a National Board meeting when necessary b) directs each meeting c) only has the power of a tie breaker vote (when necessary) • begins each meeting by calling to “ORDER” • decides when issues are to be discussed • decides who will speak and when • calls for a vote after the council has heard any and all arguments and opinions on an issue • closes each meeting • directs the NB to cast 1 deciding vote each

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• ratifies amendments based on procedural voting by national board and national council (comprised of chapter presidents/representatives)

Term of Office: The President holds his position as a 1 year tenure. He can, however, be impeached or resign. He is allowed 2 re-elections, and may hold his office for the respective terms. 3 Impeached Presidents are not allowed to retain titles of emeriti.

Advice and Suggestions: The President’s powers and responsibilities are strictly limited to the council itself, and does not exceed outside that realm. His role is within the confines of National meetings. The President should be a man who understands the importance of compromise and who ultimately is dedicated to the resolve of both principle and efficiency. He must know how to temper passion with prudence and good judgment. His role is not only to delegate and direct the movement of the council but must represent the focal point of motivation in terms of allowing all ideas to be expressed and understood. It must be understood that the President represents the organizing, delegating and directing “arm” of NB and not the legislative role, which is the Board members themselves.

2. Executive Vice President The Vice President’s role is to assist the President in his duties and act in his stead, in the situation where the President is unable to preside over a meeting.

Duties and Responsibilities: a. The Vice President assumes all powers (and limitations) of the President in his absence. b. The Vice President shall also supervise and at times assist on all responsibilities of the other E-Board members Term of Office: 1 year tenure and allowed 2 re-elections.

Advice and Suggestions: The Vice President is not to be simply seen as the “President’s Substitute” but plays an important role in support and also guidance to the President in decisions of calling a meeting, deciding which issues should be discussed etc. The VP assumes the added burden of presenting the arguments on behalf of the NB. He

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should be someone who is adept at presenting arguments in a clear, concise manner, able to conduct his role in an objective and logical way.

3. Secretary The Secretary is important in keeping all records, maintaining public relations and communications.

Duties and Responsibilities: a. Record Keeper: • keeper of National’s “Black Book” and updating with any new decisions and votes • must keep an accurate account of all the events that occur at all NB meetings including issues discussed, votes taken and tallied and decisions made. • must write up the “minutes” of each meeting reporting the overall outcome of the meeting and must give a copy to the President for National records, and is responsible for sending a copy to each chapter to be placed in their respective records. • Keeper of Annual Chapter Reports o Actives roster o Events o Fundraisers • At the end of each semester, every chapter must send a letter/report to the NB stating and informing the status of all events that took place in that chapter including community service projects, parties, pledging (#crossed, # dropped), type of rush events, goals met in the semester etc. This is done in order for the NB to keep record of the progress of each chapter and their activities.4

Term of Office: 1 year tenure and allowed 1 re-election.

Advice and Suggestions: The Secretary has a very heavy burden. He functions first of all as the source of all fraternity data. In an event which requires hard data, the secretary should be able to provide them. This “record keeping” role is extremely important as a regulatory method. Votes and decisions must be documented after they are made and will serve as future references in dealing with problems or issues that may arise. In the very beginning, the

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Secretary has the burden of ensuring all records are updated and identical, and after which is responsible for providing the new addendums to the “Black Book” to all chapters. He is in many ways the keeper of Uniformity of the ΙΝ∆ “Black Book”. He functions in relaying all important information to the separate chapters. Maintaining efficient communication will play an important role in maintaining a solid, united fraternity. However, this will become increasingly difficult with the growing number of chapters and members. The Secretary must also have a copy of the fraternity account records (kept by the Chief Treasurer). As the fraternity grows and with addition of money (hopefully), the very handling of that income must be carefully checked and recorded to prevent any economical crisis or problems. In short, he should be a reliable individual who is good at keeping records and data and still have a skill and knowledge of various media to relay that information to the individual Presidents and council members.

4. Vice President of Finance The Vice President of Finance is the keeper of account records and involved in all financial transactions of the council. Duties and Responsibilities: a. setting up an National Bank Account • Collect annual National Fraternity Dues (The amount will be decided by Assembly) from each chapter and active alumni and establish & maintain a separate IIC bank account b. disbursement of funds • Distributing funds from National Treasury to finance National events (renting a room for a meeting etc.) • Distributing funds to finance various inter-chapter events and services (ie: conventions, trip or tournament, national website and mailing list maintenance etc.) • Loaning money to individual chapters who are in some financial crisis or requires financial assistance. Disbursement of funds outside of National activities, requires approval by 2/3 of the NB members. The request for the loan should be presented at a meeting and then voted at that meeting to either accept or reject the loan application. In the case of emergent situations where money is needed immediately, (ie to pay for legal fines etc.) then the Treasurer may disburse the required amount but must inform both the President and Vice President first. Specific terms and procedures for loan disbursement and repayment must be specified, with a $50 service fee.

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c. keeping a record of all financial interactions • Collect a copy of all account records from treasuries of individual chapters • Maintain updated record (ie: receipts) of the National funds, and allotment of the money, and prepare a summary report of the financial status and activity of National at every meeting and give a copy of the report to the National Secretry. A summary of National financial status should be reviewed at each meeting during the year. Term of Office: 1 year tenure and allowed 2 re-elections.

Advice and Suggestions: The VP of Finance is the Chief Treasurer of the fraternity, and is responsible for all of the National funds. He must establish and maintain a separate IIC account. Funds from the account can be used for the many reasons mentioned above. Whatever the case, The VP of Finance must approve, organize and execute any transactions involving the collection and distribution and use of National funds. He must maintain accurate records of such transactions. Any funds borrowed and/or owed to individual brothers who have helped sponsor and loan monies for fraternity events, will be kept as a credit/debit balance by the VP of Finance. Furthermore, he should maintain contact with the individual treasurer of each chapter and be aware of their financial status. He must be adept at handling money, wise in its disbursement and diligent in its records.

6. Vice President of Expansion The Vice President of Expansion is responsible for Duties and Responsibilities:

a. Liaison between new prospective school and the board • The VP-E must be the one keeping contacts with any and all new schools • He is the one who will be setting up events (ie. Informationals, rush events) to these new schools. • He must also keep the board updated on any new schools or interest groups. Term of Office: 1 year tenure with 1 re-election.

Advice and Suggestions: The VP-E is the contact point for all interest groups. No brother should be contacting the interest group, in a formal way, unless approved by the VP-E. Too many contact for an interest group may draw the interest group away, especially if brothers gives incorrect information. He is in charge of making sure proper protocol is followed from an interest group to become a charter

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pledge class. The VP-E may delegate a chapter or colony, to serve as the official “middleman” or host chapter, and also choose a brother from the new colony to report the progress of the interest group. The VP- E must be confident in the facts about the fraternity and a representative of the fraternity. His other obligations deal with setting up rush events for the interest group. When the group is ready to become a pledge class, the responsibility is handed over to the Regional or National Director of Intake.

6. Vice President of Operations The Vice President of Operations is responsible for Duties and Responsibilities: a. In charge of setting up national events • Community Service • Parties • Social Mixers b. Marketing • Promoting the fraternity • Tactical and respectful advertising techniques

Term of Office: 1 year tenure with 1 re-election.

Advice and Suggestions: The VP-O must be someone who proficient in planning and coordinating events. He must know what it takes to set up a party, and must have reputable connections. He must also be socially aware of other organizations, therefore a VP-O, also takes the role of a Social Chair, but on a larger scale. He must not forget that, service is a very important factor in spreading the fraternity’s letters. Building a contact database and constantly updating it should be the ongoing responsibility of the VP-O. The Marketing aspect is very important and will help the fraternity reach its goals in expansion. He must remember that marketing the fraternity must be done always in a tactful way, and looking out in the best interest of the fraternity as a whole.

7. National Director of Intake The “NDI” is responsible to oversee the proper execution of the pledge process throughout all chapters. He is the first person to be addressed in any problems arise in the course of the pledge process at any individual chapter.

Duties and Responsibilities: a. Head of the Pledge Process Committee (PPC)

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• The PPC will consist of 1 representative (PM’s) from each chapter and will function to specify, reform and restore the rules and regulations of the IND Pledge Process.

• The primary goal of the PPC is to attain and ensure a uniformity of the pledge process throughout all chapters. They’re first goal is to review the original guidelines in the Black Book related to pledging and make amendments an even additions to those already existing guidelines.

• The PPC must also create a system of penalties to be implemented in chapters that violate pledging guidelines

b. Observe and evaluate the pledging that occurs at a chapter each semester and present a progress report to the NB during the pledging. c. He is to investigate any reported complaints or violations of the pledge code and process, and in emergency cases where severe violations have occurred, he may freeze or suspend pledging in that chapter until National reviews the report and makes a decision. Any results of an investigation must be submitted to National in a full report. d. He is responsible for the execution of any penalties or disciplinary actions by National taken against any chapters who violate pledge code. e. He is to prepare a summary report at the end of each semester concerning the final results of each chapter’s pledge period. This report must be presented to National at the first meeting after the crossing.

Term of Office: 1 year tenure and allowed 1 re-election.

Advice and Suggestions: With the importance of a properly effective pledge process and with the increasing divergence of the pledging procedures from one chapter to another, the Sergeant At Arms will have a heavy responsibility indeed. His first priority will be to unify the pledging system again, to eliminate unorthodox behavior and violation, and ensure that the process produces dedicated new brothers. Consequently, the formation of the PPC and a united reform of the pledge process with a system of penalties should be his first order of business. Afterwards he should be dedicated to following each chapter’s progress in their pledge period from the very beginning (rush) to the end (crossing). He should be a person who is fair and reasonable, who is not afraid to deal with the scorns of others that may occur on doing his job. He should be responsible and have a very good knowledge of the rules of pledging that is outlined in the Black Book and must enforce them

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strictly and with an even hand. Since pledging is such a volatile topic, the National Director of Intake must be able to stand for justice and the law against all else especially public sentiment.

Responsibilities: (Board Members) Board members The board members represent the body of National Council consisting of representatives from both the undergraduate and alumni membership. Each chapter will send two representatives who are matriculated ΙΝ∆ members from that chapter. All dynamic interchapter activities or changes occur through the decisions of the board members.

Section III. PROCEDURES AND PROTOCOL

A. Election of National Board positions5

Rules for candidacy

1. Election of National Board will take place prior to the National Convention of each year. Each board’s tenure will last 1 year from the date of approval from the National Council (chapter/colony Presidents/reps)

2. Elections must be notified to the general fraternity and National Council by the National President or a delegated board member.

3. Any and all eligible candidates must be declared via nominations sent directly to National at least 1 month in advance to the date of elections.

4. In order to be classified as a “candidate” for a position, all nominees must have a thorough background check of their mannerisms, public image, and contributions to the fraternity done either by National, or the chapter sponsoring the nominee.

5. Candidates certified by the NB to run for the election will be required to state their interests publicly in a campaign, as well as publish a platform for their election so that the general fraternity may familiarize themselves with the candidates.

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Re-election

6. Incumbent officers wishing to retain their position (re-election) on the National Board will issue a public statement in the interest of doing so. Election for the respective position may still occur if the National Council, or the general fraternity has any grievances towards the incumbent officer retaining the position. In the event there are no grievances filed towards the incumbent officer, he is allowed to retain his tenure which will be extended for one more year.

Tie Breakers

7. In the event of a tie for any position, a re-election may occur for that respective position and the fraternity shall hold a second round of elections. In the event of a tie during the second round of elections, then an alumni vote will be considered as a tie-breaker. Candidates will be required to revise their platforms for election, failure to do so will consider conceding of victory.

Voting

8. Voting will be done within the allotted time frame. Each position will receive a vote for only ONE candidate.

9. Votes will be cast by chapter representatives or chapter presidents who reside on National Council.

10. Penalties for abstaining from National Board elections, or failure to cast votes within the allotted time shall incur the chapter a $150 (CPI: 2005) fine from National. This fee may be increased or decreased by National based on 51% vote prior to each year’s election.

Grievances

11. Grievances may be filed in the event that any one person in the general fraternity questions the personal honor or integrity of any elected official. With this in mind, a careful review of the candidate will have to be conducted by the National Council and National Board. Following review, if there is no basis for such a claim, then National may declare him the negative remarks against the candidate’s integrity and honor

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Afterwards, if there are no questions or challenges, the board members may cast a secret ballot. The nominee with the most votes for each position is elected and will resume his duties at the next IIC meeting.

*** Candidates do not have to be a previous board member to run for any position.

B. Meetings 1.Frequency: 3 times a year 2.Calling a Meeting: a) as predetermined by councils at previous meeting (3x a year) b) solely by the National President (ie: emergency issues) but the only that specific emergency issue may be discussed at the meeting c) if a majority of the board member would like to call a meeting not scheduled, they must submit a request to the Chairman and he must call a meeting if he feels it needed. 3.Attendance at a Meeting: a) the E-Board must be present. If the Chairman is absent, then the vice-president will preside instead, assuming all powers and responsibilities of the Chairman. b) All board members must be present. If any member is absent, and has not submitted a voting proxy to the President beforehand, then he relinquishes his power of vote for that meeting, and consequently his chapter will lack 1 vote during that meeting, and that chapter, colony, or charter will be fined per absent representative. c) The council meeting is NOT a closed meeting and any brother may sit in on a meeting to observe and if necessary may speak his personal views on the issue when the Chairman recognizes him to the floor. However, any brother sitting in, may NOT vote. Only the board members vote!

4. Deliberation and Order o f Events of Meeting - This is left in the hands of the Council Chairman/President. He should prepare an agenda and order of events which he can distribute to the members before the meeting. He is responsible for maintaining organization and order through the meeting: The following is a general order of events during each meeting: I. Opening of the Meeting - Chairman call meeting to “Order”

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II. Voting on bills/proposals discussed at the previous IIC meeting (these issues were posted and were to be discussed at separate chapters and their decisions are brought to the council) III. Opening the floor for discussion of new proposals/issues a) After votes on old issues are cast, tallied and recorded, the Chairman opens up the floor to discuss new issues. If a member wants to speak, he must be recognized by the Chairman and then must give a brief description of his proposal. Then in order for it to be openly discussed and be considered as a future law, another member must support a motion to open a discussion. Once two members support a motion to discuss an issue, then the Chairman must conduct the discussion recognizing both side to argue and present all the views. Afterwards, when he feels the that the discussion has progressed enough and provided all the views, then he may invite non-members to speak if he chooses. Afterwards, he closes the issue and the Chief Secretary records it as a bill to be voted at the next IIC meeting. b) As mentioned earlier, the meeting and discussion must be conducted in an orderly and diplomatic setting, and should never become a screaming match. This is the responsibility of the chairman. A person may only speak when the Chairman gives them the “floor”. Basically, no one can speak at random and everyone must wait to be recognized to speak. If anyone is disturbing or not following proper procedures, the Chairman can have him expelled for the remainder of the meeting. c) the Chairman/President introduces any issue and must first open up the floor to the board members for discussion, views and arguments. After, if the chairman wishes, he may proceed to extend the floor to recognize a “nonboard member” (ie: brother who is sitting in) d) the Discussion of new issues and proposals may take up the bulk of the meeting, and the Chairman/President must be generous yet prudent to allow all views to be heard, but when he feels it is time to move onto another proposal, then he must move the council to do so.

IV. Treasurer’s report on IIC and Chapter Accounts/Funds V. Sergeant of Arms’ Summary Report on the outcome of pledging during the semester. VI. Chief Secretary’s Report of upcoming IIC events and re statement of the voting results from earlier portion of the meeting and a summary statement of new issues to be discussed by the next meeting to be voted on. VII. Special Presentations…ie: speakers, workshop etc. VIII. Conclusion The Chairman must call the meeting to a close.

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5. Voting at Meetings:

a) Eligible Voters i. The President is the only member who does not have any voting power, except in the case of breaking a tie.

ii. If your representative is not present you do not have a vote.

iii. The names of your representative must be sent out no later than 2 weeks from the announcement of the meeting, to the Secretary.

iv. A proxy vote may only be permitted, if the 75% of the Executive Board members allow. Note: This will only be allowed in extreme case and not to be take advantage of.

b) Modifying The Fraternity and Creating New Laws

i. The National Board’s vote will be the only method to make uniform changes in the fraternity. Granted, there are many decisions that will be made at the level of individual chapter governments (ie: giving bids out, fund raising, parties, etc…) but there are some changes that CANNOT be made by individual chapters as they see fit. Simply put, the ΙΝ∆ Black Book cannot be changed to fit each separate ΙΝ∆ chapter according to their own preferences. The ΙΝ∆ Book represents the core of ΙΝ∆ uniformity no matter how large the fraternity may grow. Therefore, if changes need to be made to the Black Book, those change must be done uniformly throughout all chapters; it must be an inter-chapter change and this falls under the jurisdiction and purpose of the IIC. This concept must be understood and accepted by all because it is the only way to maintain some uniformity and tradition. As ΙΝ∆ grows both in size and age, certain things must remain uniform and constant while other things grow and change. The moment we lose that uniformity amidst our diversity, we cease being a fraternity. The Black Book contains the core principles and laws of the ΙΝ∆ Brotherhood. We always emphasize that it must be given to all new chapters.

ii. All the Rules and Laws of ΙΝ∆ can be divided into four categories, and based on what category they fall under, different types of votes are required to change those laws.

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1) Primary Decree (1st Degree) Definition: - Laws that CANNOT be changed under any circumstances because they remain at the core of IND beliefs, goals and purpose : • Iota Nu Delta (ΙΝ∆) • Meaning of Iota Nu Delta • Principles • Primary Colors (Orange/Green) • Mascot – Royal Bengal Tiger • Stone – Diamond • Chant (Shakti) • Mind, Body, Soul • Brotherhood Eternal (in greek)

2) Secondary Precept (2nd Degree) Definition: - Represents every other law and principle in the original Black Book. It basically involves all the procedural and technical bylaws of the fraternity. - Examples include: • Pledge Process • Chapter/Colony Nomenclature • Secondary Colors (Blue/Grey) • Expansion Protocol • Collection of Dues • National Interchapter Constitution - Any Temporary precept (3rd degree) which was revoted and passed with a 2/3 (66%) decision supporting the same previous decision will now move from a Temporary Precept up to a 2nd degree law. (temporary precept + 66% vote in the same direction = secondary precept)

Voting: To change any of these laws, requires a ¾ (75%) vote. A revote must wait 1 year. 3) Temporary Precept (3rd Degree) Definitions: - The interval of validity for a 3rd degree precept will expire at the end of 1 year from the date of proposal. If a majority vote of 51% is not accrued at first meeting at

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the end of the term (expiration), then this precept shall be rendered void. - Any proposals that involved a secondary (previous old Black Book law) Law and was overturned will enter the Black Book as a 3rd degree law. - Examples include: • Amount of dues

(Bill + 51% revote with same result = Temporary Law) Voting: to change (overturn) any of these laws requires a 2/3 (66%) vote to pass and become a secondary law. A revote must wait till next national meeting, unless otherwise unanimously agreed by the assembly.

4) Bill (4th Degree Precept) Definitions: - When a proposal for a law involving an absolutely new issue that was never addressed previously in the Black Book, it will be subject to voting by the assembly. - Any Bill (4th degree) which is proposed and receives a majority (51%) vote in the same direction will now move up to be entered as a 3rd degree precept.

Voting: To change these votes, it requires only a majority (51%) vote and revote requires at least 3 months. The different hierarchy or laws are simply reflective on the difficulty it requires to change that law, and it is NOT reflective of its importance or the extent to which it should be followed. Every IND law that is passed must be regarded with the same degree or respect and enforced equally.

C. From Proposal/Bill to a Law/Amendment All proposals for future laws will fall into either one of two categories: I. Proposals which aim to change or modify previously existing laws in the Black Book. (i.e.: pledge process law proposals) II. Proposals which deal with new issues and will possibly introduce laws which are entirely brand new to the Black Book. (i.e.: expansion law proposals) With this in mind, different votes will be required to pass certain proposals. The following outlines the process through which a proposal can eventually be passed an ΙΝ∆ Law: 1. A proposal is introduced by any council member and if that proposal gets a “supporting motion” from a second member then the proposal is now called a bill and is open to discussion. in an orderly fashion as

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directed by the Chairman. (See Section III B 4. Opening Floor for Discussion of New Proposals). The bill should be given an official name which it will maintain if it becomes a Law. 2. Then it must be recognized by the E-Board whether it is a bill that deals with changes to already existing law or if the bill involves an entirely new issue that has never previously been addressed. If the latter (please refer to voting for temporary precept) If the Bill involves a change to a previously existing precept, then the type of vote that is needed to pass the Bill will be decided by the E-board. (ie. If a bill involves a change to the pledge process, then a 75% vote will be taken to decide its fate) After deciding this, the Chairman must inform the council members what kind of vote will be needed to pass each bill. 3. The E-board shall decide whether a vote should be taken at the current meeting, or should be postponed to the following Assembly meeting. The vote then will be tallied and recorded and the President will inform the council whether the bill has been passed into Law or if it has been rejected. 4. If a bill is passed becoming a Law, then it must be entered into the Black Book under the proper category of Law.

It is safe to say that old issues that have been addressed since the original Black Book will remain in the realm of Secondary Precept. However when a new issue comes up, we enter the realm of Temporary Precepts. Therefore when issues that do, cannot concern specific changes to the Book (old laws) but still must involve all chapters, these issues when voted upon need only a majority (51%) council vote to be approved and entered as a Temporary Precept. For example, Expansion Procedures is not a specific topic addressed in the Black Book…there are no real rules we follow when we want to consider expanding. Lets say someone wanted to propose a bill that all existing chapters must approve a possible candidate school for expansion. This is an absolutely new proposal and has no precedent in the Black Book. Therefore a simple vote must be called in the IIC. If a majority approves the proposal, it becomes a new IND law, and then added to the Black Book and obeyed by all chapters. Of course this Temporary Precept can be revoted upon, and if it receives another majority (66%) approval…it becomes a Secondary Precept and takes on the properties and rules of being a Secondary Precept. In essence, a law may “move up in the ranks” with consecutive votes that result in the same decision. However, every IND law is as important and will sustain the same penalties irrespective of what “category” they fall under. The different levels are simply reflective on the difficulty it requires to change that law, and is NOT reflective of its importance or the extent to which it should be taken seriously. Every IND law must be followed with the same respect! The goal of National is to maintain strength and unity and that can only occur if there is some basic, core level of uniformity. The Black Book, like the fraternity, must grow, change and

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adapt. The Black Book may need to be modified once in awhile but it must be done properly and uniformly. National is the instrument to accomplish that.

D. Other Issues Concerning Voting (within National) and Law Making 1. Re-Voting a) all laws can be re-voted, but depending on the type of law, the waiting period varies. (see above) b) if a law must be changed immediately (before the waiting period has expired) because that law has been proven to be wrong and harmful, an emergency re- vote may be called c) A motion to re-vote can be introduced by any council member and a supporting motion from another chapter is required to proceed with the re-vote. d) The re-vote will require the proportion of votes that are specified for its level of law as described above.

2. Tabling/ Postponing a vote on a Bill a) This is the practice of postponing the voting on a bill to another time. b) A Bill can only be postponed (“tabled”) ONCE after that bill was discussed at a previous meeting. Process: At the time when a vote was planned to take place, a chapter may ask for a motion to postpone (table) the vote temporarily. If he can convince another chapter to support (“2nd”) his motion, the Chairman may declare a tabled bill to be voted in the next meeting. In the following meeting, the tabled bill MUST be voted upon and cannot be postponed again.

3. Abstaining/Absentee Vote a) If any board member is unable to attend a meeting, he automatically waives his chapter’s vote. PROXY VOTES WILL NOT BE ALLOWED, UNLESS IT IS IN REFERENCE TO A SECONDARY PRECEPT.

4. Repealing IND Laws a) Most of the time, laws will be changed or modified by the use of amendments. However, if there are laws which cannot be modified to improve it and if the greater benefit will only come from total removal of the law from the IIC Constitution, then a bill must be made which calls for the “repeal.” The Proportion of votes required to pass a “Repeal Bill” depending on the category that the law is classified under. For example, a Secondary Precepts requires ¾ (75%) vote to be removed completely. Secondary Precepts are the only laws that can be repealed.

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b) If a law is repealed, then it is removed from the Black Book. If that law is reconsidered afterwards anytime in the future and re-voted again to be a law, it will enter the Black Book as a Bill irrespective of what category it held previous to being repealed.

6. Impeachment a) Any member of the Executive Board can be impeached (forcibly asked to relinquish their position) if they are thought to be incompetent in fulfilling their duties or if they violate or misuse their powers. Processs: The procedure is simple. Someone on the council may introduce a motion for impeachment and must present a reason and a case. The person who is “defending” may rebut if they wish after which a vote of all members of the council (E-Board and chapter reps) is taken. In order for someone to be impeached, it requires a 2/3 majority (66%) of votes from the entire assembly. This is the only instance when everyone votes, except the party that is the subject of impeachment

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Section IV. Amendments and by-laws

ARTICLES: (All articles and respective amendments and by-laws are protected as secondary precepts)

1) All Chapters must develop E –Board positions consisting of at least the following: - President - Vice- President - Treasurer - Social Chair - Secretary - Pledge Master - Community Service Chair

2) Any amendments and revisions made to this constitution must be ratified by the active National President of Iota Nu Delta. Any additions or revisions made to the constitution must be documented as an endnote procedure outlined at the end of this document. Any modifications made to this document serves as a notice to the fraternity of the changes in procedure and protocol.6 a) All decisions and amendments will be considered null and void unless ratified by the National President or the Vice President of ΙΝ∆ (done in absentia).7

3) Any use of Iota Nu Delta name or insignia, prior approval is needed from at least one national board member.8 a) A written statement is required for article (2). 9

4) With majority approval from Presidents of each chapter, presidents may elect a brother to audit the treasury of the National Board at any point during their term, if probable cause is stated. 10

5) It is not allowed for any member to formally or informally permit anyone outside of the fraternity, including any interest/rush to wear the apparel/paraphernalia of the Fraternity in any event sponsored/sanctioned by the Iota Nu Delta Fraternity. Letters are only allowed for those who have underwent a formal rush and intake program of the organization. Thereby making any prior decisions on this matter null and void.11

6) Members present at a specific university or a potential chapter prior to expansion, or crossing of an alpha class will hereby be known as charters (honorary founders). The charters will be classified by a greek letter based on the seniority and year that the individual(s) crossed. Subsequent nomenclature will continue further based on the

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crossing of an alpha class which meets proper expansion requirements outlined in the expansion protocol.12 a) Charters will maintain membership as a brother of the new colony or chapter. Any relation with the chapter the individual pledged or crossed at may also remain, but not necessarily be listed under that chapter.13

7) Chapters delinquent or past due with dues may not engage in voting14 a) Chapters without insurance may not engage in new member intake policy.15

8) The National Executive Board must appoint a legal team for their term. Subsequent NB officers may choose to appoint a new or continue with the team already appointed.16 a) All contracts must be reviewed by the National Legal Team for that term, as stated from article (7).17

9) Nomenclature for chapters will be known as “Colonies”, “Associate Chapters”, and “Full Lettered Chapters”. Charter name will not be used from this point on. A new chapter will be known from this point as a Colony, and be known as an Associate Chapter, and finally be promoted to Full Lettered Chapter status upon completion of all requirements for chapter status. Further clarification will be provided in the Expansion protocol.18

10) The title formerly known as Sergeant at Arms will hereby be recognized only as “Director of Intake” or as “National Director of Intake / NDI”.19

11) Directors of Intake will cover various regions of the country, and will serve the fraternity under the NDI as RDI’s or Regional Directors of Intake.20

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Drafted: Renjy Vattasseril / Ashok J. Prasad / Joseph Abraham / Jasveer S. Grewal / Beje S. Thomas – May 2001 Draft Revision: Sanu K. Thomas / Benson A. Thomas / Nitin Malik / Dilip N. Rao – December 2001 Draft Revision: Kevin Kuriakose / Nitin Malik / Dilip N. Rao / Jason Samuel – March 2002

Official Manifest: Dilip N. Rao / Nitin Malik / Nidhish Varughese – November 27th, 2003

Ratified: February 7th, 2004

Revision: Dilip N. Rao August 23rd 2004 Revision: Nitin Malik October 21st, 2004 Revision: Dilip N. Rao January 6th, 2005 Revision: Nitin Malik February 24th 2005 Revision: Nitin Malik May 14th 2005 Revision: Dilip N. Rao December 15th, 2005 Revision: Dilip N. Rao May 19th, 2006 Revision: Dilip N. Rao June 8th, 2006 Revision: Dilip N. Rao July 15th, 2006

1 Ratified 02/07/2004 – Dilip N. Rao / Nitin Malik

2 Ratified 02/07/2004 – Dilip N. Rao / Nitin Malik

3 Previously 2 year terms, now 1 year terms with option for re-election 3 times. Amended: May 19th, 2006 Proposal: Christopher Pruss Ratified: Dilip N. Rao

4 Amended: October 19th, 2006 Proposal: Manan Shah Ratified: Dilip N. Rao

5 Outlined: June 7th, 2004 Proposal: Dilip N. Rao / Nitin Malik Ratified: Dilip N. Rao

6 Amended: March 15th, 2003 Proposal: Beje Thomas Ratified: Dilip N. Rao

7 Amended: April 25th, 2004 Proposal: Nitin Malik Ratified: Dilip N. Rao

8 Amended: May 23rd, 2003 Proposal: Deegant Pandya Ratified: Dilip N. Rao

9 Amended: January 12th, 2004 Proposal: Nidhish Varughese Ratified: Nitin Malik (absentia)

10 Amended: February 12, 2004 Proposal: Sanjeev Thapar Ratified: Dilip N. Rao

11 Amended: June 23rd, 2004 Proposal: Nitin Malik Ratified: Nitin Malik (absentia)

12 Amended: August 14th, 2005 Proposal: Narine Bhola Ratified: Dilip N. Rao

13 Amended: September 15th, 2005 Proposal: Omar Ishtiaque Ratified: Dilip N. Rao

14 Amended: October 9th, 2005 Proposal: Nidhish Varughese Ratified: Dilip N. Rao

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15 Amended: October 16th, 2005 Proposal: Manan Shah Ratified: Dilip N. Rao

16 Amended: October 24th, 2005 Proposal: Abhishek Mathur Ratified: Dilip N. Rao

17 Amended: November 1st, 2005 Proposal: Abhishek Mathur Ratified: Dilip N. Rao

18 Amended: December 9th, 2005 Proposal: Abhishek Mathur Ratified: Dilip N. Rao

19 Amended: June 23rd, 2006 Proposal: Nidhish Varughese Ratified: Dilip N. Rao

20 Amended: August 1st, 2006 Proposal: Dilip N. Rao Ratified: Dilip N. Rao

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