DOCSLIB.ORG

Nutrient Loading and Impacts in Lake Champlain – Missisquoi Bay and Lake Memphremagog

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nutrient Loading and Impacts in Lake Champlain – Missisquoi Bay and Lake Memphremagog Nutrient Loading and Impacts in Lake Champlain – Missisquoi Bay and Lake Memphremagog Missisquoi Bay. IJC Collection Lake Memphremagog. IJC Collection Missisquoi Bay Cyanobacteria. Pierre Leduc Prepared by the International Joint Commission April 21, 2020 Table of Contents I. Synthesis Document ........................................................................................................................ 3 A. Context ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Cyanobacteria .................................................................................................................................. 3 Actions and Consequences of Non-action ........................................................................................ 3 The Governments’ Reference ........................................................................................................... 4 IJC’s Approach to the Reference ...................................................................................................... 5 Workshops to Review Science and Policy on Nutrient Loading ........................................................ 6 Public Meeting and Online Consultation .......................................................................................... 6 B. IJC Analysis of SAG Reports ....................................................................................................... 7 C. Common Basin Recommendations and IJC Recommendations ..................................................... 9 SAG Recommendations ................................................................................................................. 10 IJC Recommendations ................................................................................................................... 10 D. Concluding Remarks .................................................................................................................. 12 II. Champlain ......................................................................................................................................... III. Memphremagog ................................................................................................................................. IV. Global scan ........................................................................................................................................ Synthesis Document Authors: Michael Laitta, Mark Gabriel, Adam Greeley, Robert Phillips, Michele D’amours, Pierre-Yves Caux. Synthesis Document Reviewers: Victor Serveiss, Catherine Lee-Johnson Acronyms BMP - Beneficial Management Practices CSA -Critical Source Areas HAB - Harmful Algal Bloom IJC –International Joint Commission LCBP –Lake Champlain Basin Program MOU - -Memorandum of Understanding NAS - Nutrient Accounting System RAP - Required Agricultural Practice REA - Regulation on Exploitation of Agriculture SAG - Study Advisory Groups SPARROW - SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes TMDL – Total Maximum Daily Load Acknowledgements: The IJC would like to thank several groups that helped make this binational study possible including the Lake Champlain and Memphremagog Study Advisory Groups, participating federal, provincial and state, and municipal agencies, academic institutions, and basin organizations. Both reports benefitted greatly from public participation and input provided at public meetings, workshops, and public consultations. The contributors also thank the Canadian and United States governments’ extension following the winter 2018/2019 U.S. government shutdown to allow adequate time to finalize the report. 2 I. Synthesis Document A. Context Public concern for blue-green or harmful algal blooms (HABs) has continued to intensify over the past decade within the entire Champlain / Memphremagog region. Summer season HABs, including cyanobacterial blooms and associated microcystin toxins, have resulted in socioeconomic losses (see Sections II and III) and have raised concerns about public health, recreation, and safety of drinking water. These effects and losses are anticipated to persist in the future, from continued anthropogenic impacts and will be exacerbated by climate change and extreme weather. Cyanobacteria Algal blooms can occur in water bodies with excess nutrient inputs as part of the natural eutrophication process but may be exacerbated by inputs from anthropogenic sources. While most algal blooms are benign, some can be toxic to humans and wildlife. For example, the cyanobacteria Microcystis can produce both neurotoxins and hepatotoxins. Exposure is through ingestion by drinking contaminated water or by consuming fish or other biota that have accumulated the toxin. In Lake Champlain and especially in Missisquoi Bay (see Section II for description) 400 years of settlement has impaired aquatic life and major water uses including recreational and potable waters. Drastic and sustained measures over the long-term are now needed to remedy the situation. Due to the Bay’s shallow depth and restricted flow dynamics, discernable improvements will not be observed for decades to come. In contrast, Lake Memphremagog is relatively pristine (see Section III for description). Although some eutrophication and cyanobacteria occur naturally in the lake (e.g., Fitch Bay) anthropogenic input at its southern end have caused periodic water impairments such as beach closures. Because of the differences between Missisquoi Bay and neighbouring Lake Memphremagog governments should consider unique approaches in each basin to address their water quality issues. The former basin requires intense remediation; the latter requires protection. Actions and Consequences of Non-action Public concern about water quality in Lakes Champlain and Memphremagog is growing in both Canada and the United States. The focus is on the impacts of elevated phosphorus levels causing the proliferation of algal blooms which have adversely affected recreation, human health, and ecosystems on both sides of the border. HABs in Missisquoi Bay (the Bay) have been a concern since the 1950s. The Lake Champlain Basin Program’s (LCBP), 2015 State of the Lake Report, noted that excess phosphorus is a concern in most segments of the lake, these being highest in the Bay and that algal blooms will continue to develop until concentrations are reduced. Governments, lake organizations and academia have invested and studied the problem for decades and all recommended the need for major reduction in phosphorus inputs to the Bay. Studies of the Bay, conducted by the International Joint Commission (IJC) in response to References from the governments of Canada and the United States in 2004 and 2008, identified 3 the Bay’s specific conditions and constant excessive nutrient loading as the cause of HABs. In an attempt to increase the flow of water out of the Bay, the Swanton Bridge was built, and part of the causeway removed. Although government actions throughout the basin are occurring, the trend is towards concerted site-specific efforts that integrate all aspects of the problem (e.g., hydrological, socioeconomic, regulatory; see Global Review, Section IV). Should the status quo prevail, the bay will continue its path of accelerated eutrophication. Although similar concerns surrounding water quality are evident in Lake Memphremagog basin, the extent of the problem is small in comparison to Missisquoi Bay. The problem is not going unnoticed however and basin organizations have established surveillance plans and actions plans according to their means. Governments have a presence in Lake Memphremagog and are investing in it in a manner that is in proportion to the scale of all basins under their responsibility. With only about 2% of land used for agriculture in the basin and most of the rest Cyanobacteria city of Magog. IJC Collection forested, even an occasional HAB should send a strong signal to governments that site-specific attention at the watershed-level is required rather than reliance upon jurisdiction-wide policies and investments. The Governments’ Reference In the October 19, 2017 letter of Reference, Governments asked the IJC to solicit recommendations on how to address nutrient loading in both Lake Champlain-Missisquoi Bay and Lake Memphremagog. Specific to the former, the IJC was asked to gather and review information from federal, provincial, state, and municipal agencies, academic institutions, and other entities in the region on existing monitoring programs and measures being taken to address water quality concerns. Based on the information collected, the IJC was to provide Governments with recommendations on how current efforts and programs can be strengthened. The Governments asked that the recommendations include a summary of gaps or opportunities and that the recommendations identify possible approaches to strengthen collaboration, efficiency, or impact. Specific to the latter, Governments asked IJC to collaborate with relevant government agencies, academic institutions and other entities in the region to identify the range of nutrient loading issues that are of concern in the Basin and to make recommendations on how current efforts can be strengthened. For that basin, the recommendations should also include the consideration of management approaches currently applied in Lake Champlain and Missisquoi Bay, and the effectiveness of those approaches in combatting HABs. The IJC has had a presence in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thomas Merton: Social Critic
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Christianity Religion 1971 Thomas Merton: Social Critic James Thomas Baker Western Kentucky University Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Thanks to the University of Kentucky Libraries and the University Press of Kentucky, this book is freely available to current faculty, students, and staff at the University of Kentucky. Find other University of Kentucky Books at uknowledge.uky.edu/upk. For more information, please contact UKnowledge at [email protected]. Recommended Citation Baker, James Thomas, "Thomas Merton: Social Critic" (1971). Christianity. 1. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_christianity/1 Thomas Merton ___ when speech is in danger of perishing or being perverted in the amplified noise of beasts, perhaps it becomes obligatory for a monk to try to speak- Seeds of Destruction Thomas Merton Social Critic A Study by ] ames Thomas Baker T he University Press of Kentucky for Jill & Jenji who know and care Copyright © 1971 by The University Press of Kentucky Paperback edition 2009 The University Press of Kentucky Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth, serving Bellarmine University, Berea College, Centre College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University, The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University. All rights reserved. Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky 663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008 www.kentuckypress.com Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-0-8131-9338-0 (pbk: acid-free paper) This book is printed on acid-free recycled paper meeting the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials.
    [Show full text]
  • Statues and Figurines
    NEW STATUES! 1. The Thing Premium Format 550.00 2. Thor Premium Format 900.00 3. Hulk Premium Format 1500.00 4. Art Asylum Hulk 299.00 5. Juggernaut 450.00 6. Wolverine vs Sabretooth 699.00 7. Ironman Comiquette 449.00 8. Mark Newman Sabretooth 245.00 9. Planet Hulk Green Scar vs Silver Savage 500.00 10. Bowen Retro Green Hulk 279.99 11. Moonlight Silver 299.99 12. Hulk Planet Hulk Version 299.99 13. X-Men vs Sentinel 249.99 14. Red Hulk 225.99 15. Art Asylum Captain America 199.00 16. Kotobukiya Ltd Ed. Hulk 225.00 17. Kotobukiya Ltd Ed. Abomination 200.00 18. Bowen Wolverine Action 249.99 19. Sgt Rock 89.99 20. Bowen Shiflet Bros Hulk 299.00 21. Hulk Hard Hero 229.00 22. Superman 199.99 23. Wolverine Diorama 169.99 24. Dead pool 275.00 25. Dead pool 275.00 26. Wolverine with Whiskey 150.00 27. Hulk Marvel Origins 139.00 28. Captain America Resin Bank 24.99 29. Hulk Fine Art Bust 99.99 30. Captain America Mini Bust 89.99 31. Flash vs Gorilla Grodd 200.00 32. Bishoujo Batgirl 59.99 33. Harley Quinn 90.00 34. Swamp Thing 95.00 35. Flaming Carrot 229.99 36. Death 99.99 37. Sandman 99.99 38. BW Batman 79.99 39. ONI Chan 40.00 40. Umbrella Acsdemy 129.99 41. Lord Of The Rings 129.99 42. Silver Surfer 150.00 43. X-Men Origins Wolverine Bust Only 39.99 44. X-Men Origins Wolverine Bust Bluray 80.00 45.
    [Show full text]
  • How Superman Developed Into a Jesus Figure
    HOW SUPERMAN DEVELOPED INTO A JESUS FIGURE CRISIS ON INFINITE TEXTS: HOW SUPERMAN DEVELOPED INTO A JESUS FIGURE By ROBERT REVINGTON, B.A., M.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts McMaster University © Copyright by Robert Revington, September 2018 MA Thesis—Robert Revington; McMaster University, Religious Studies McMaster University MASTER OF ARTS (2018) Hamilton, Ontario, Religious Studies TITLE: Crisis on Infinite Texts: How Superman Developed into a Jesus Figure AUTHOR: Robert Revington, B.A., M.A (McMaster University) SUPERVISOR: Professor Travis Kroeker NUMBER OF PAGES: vi, 143 ii MA Thesis—Robert Revington; McMaster University, Religious Studies LAY ABSTRACT This thesis examines the historical trajectory of how the comic book character of Superman came to be identified as a Christ figure in popular consciousness. It argues that this connection was not integral to the character as he was originally created, but was imposed by later writers over time and mainly for cinematic adaptations. This thesis also tracks the history of how Christians and churches viewed Superman, as the film studios began to exploit marketing opportunities by comparing Superman and Jesus. This thesis uses the methodological framework of intertextuality to ground its treatment of the sources, but does not follow all of the assumptions of intertextual theorists. iii MA Thesis—Robert Revington; McMaster University, Religious Studies ABSTRACT This thesis examines the historical trajectory of how the comic book character of Superman came to be identified as a Christ figure in popular consciousness. Superman was created in 1938, but the character developed significantly from his earliest incarnations.
    [Show full text]
  • Body Bags One Shot (1 Shot) Rock'n
    H MAVDS IRON MAN ARMOR DIGEST collects VARIOUS, $9 H MAVDS FF SPACED CREW DIGEST collects #37-40, $9 H MMW INV. IRON MAN V. 5 HC H YOUNG X-MEN V. 1 TPB collects #2-13, $55 collects #1-5, $15 H MMW GA ALL WINNERS V. 3 HC H AVENGERS INT V. 2 K I A TPB Body Bags One Shot (1 shot) collects #9-14, $60 collects #7-13 & ANN 1, $20 JASON PEARSON The wait is over! The highly anticipated and much debated return of H MMW DAREDEVIL V. 5 HC H ULTIMATE HUMAN TPB JASON PEARSON’s signature creation is here! Mack takes a job that should be easy collects #42-53 & NBE #4, $55 collects #1-4, $16 money, but leave it to his daughter Panda to screw it all to hell. Trapped on top of a sky- H MMW GA CAP AMERICA V. 3 HC H scraper, surrounded by dozens of well-armed men aiming for the kill…and our ‘heroes’ down DD BY MILLER JANSEN V. 1 TPB to one last bullet. The most exciting BODY BAGS story ever will definitely end with a bang! collects #9-12, $60 collects #158-172 & MORE, $30 H AST X-MEN V. 2 HC H NEW XMEN MORRION ULT V. 3 TPB Rock’N’Roll (1 shot) collects #13-24 & GS #1, $35 collects #142-154, $35 story FÁBIO MOON & GABRIEL BÁ art & cover FÁBIO MOON, GABRIEL BÁ, BRUNO H MYTHOS HC H XMEN 1ST CLASS BAND O’ BROS TP D’ANGELO & KAKO Romeo and Kelsie just want to go home, but life has other plans.
    [Show full text]
  • Nicholas M. Railton Gog and Magog: the History of a Symbol
    EQ 75:1 (2003),23-43 Nicholas M. Railton Gog and Magog: the History of a Symbol Dr Nicholas Railton is lecturer in German at the University of Ulster. He has published books on the history of the Evangelical Alliance (The German Evangelical Alliance and the Third Reich, 1998; No North Sea. The Anglo-German Evangelical Network in the Middle of the Nineteenth Century, 2000) and articles on Christian responses to the Third Reich. Key words: Bible; Gog; Magog; symbolism. World politics, like the history of Gog and Magog, are very confused and much disputed. (Winston Churchill, 9 November 1951). Introduction Gog from the land of Magog, one of the great enemies of the people of God to appear at the end of the historical process, has vexed and bewildered exegetes for centuries. The prophet Ezekiel seems to speak of an unrepentant nation and its head and communicates God's impending judgement (Ezekiel 38:1-3, New American Stan- dard Bible) : .. And the word of the Lord came to me saying, 'Son of man, set your face toward Gog of the land of Magog, the prince of Rosh, Meshech and Tubal and prophesy against him and say, "Thus says the Lord God, 'Behold, I am against you, 0 Gog, prince of Rosh, Meshech and Tubal.'"' An examination of the historical development of this eschatologi­ cal idea, this Feindbild, will introduce us to the never-ending attempts to decipher these millennial foes inhabiting the areas to the far north of Palestine. This brief survey shows how the desire to interpret the signs of the times and understand the period in which one is living can, and usually has entrenched religious believers in an inflexible, nationalistic and self-righteous mind-set.
    [Show full text]
  • Ezekiel's Two Sticks and Eschatological Violence in the Pentecostal Tradition
    EZEKIEL’S TWO STICKS AND ESCHATOLOGICAL VIOLENCE IN THE PENTECOSTAL TRADITION: AN INTERTEXTUAL LITERARY ANALYSIS BY ALICIA R. JACKSON A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF THEOLOGY AND RELIGION COLLEGE OF ARTS AND LAW UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM JANUARY 16, 2018 i University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Copyright © Alicia R. Jackson 2018 All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT This thesis explores the topic of eschatological violence in the Pentecostal tradition through an intertextual literary analysis of Ezekiel 36:16—39:29 and Revelation 19:11—21 and 20:7—10 by investigating primarily how the intentional literary placement of the ‘Two Sticks’ oracle (Ezek 37:15—28) between the ‘Dry Bones’ vision (Ezek 37:1—14) and the ‘Gog of Magog’ war (Ezek 38:1—39:29) informs the reader’s theological understanding of the message of Ezekiel 36:16—39:29 as a whole. Secondarily, this thesis considers how the allusion to Ezek 38—39 in Rev 19:11—21 and 20:7—10 enhances the reader’s theological understanding of Ezek 36:16—39:29, yielding an intertextual reading that challenges the way these texts have long been understood in popular Pentecostal contexts.
    [Show full text]
  • An Islamic View of Gog and Magog in the Modern World
    1 Published by: imranhosein.org © Imran N. Hosein 2009 Sūrah al-Kahf Quartet of Books Volume 1: Sūrah al-Kahf: Text Translation and Modern Commentary; Volume 2: Sūrah al-Kahf and the Modern Age; Volume 3: An Islamic View of Gog and Magog in the Modern Age Volume 4: Dajj āl the False Messiah or Antichrist 2 Khul ga’ay Ya’j ūj aur Ma’j ūj kay lashkar tam ām, Chashmay Muslim dekh lay tafs īray harfay yansil ūn! [B āng-e-Dar ā ─ Zar īfāna:23] “Set loose are all the hordes of Gog and Magog; To the Muslim eye manifest is the meaning of the word yansil ūn” (i.e. the two verses of the Qur’ ān, al-Anbiy āh’, 21:95-6, which end with the word yansiloon”) Dedicated to Dr Muhammad Iqbal who responded with the above insightful verse in Urdu poetry to the European Crusader conquest of Jerusalem in 1917 ﻭﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻗﹶﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﹶﻫﻠﹶﻜﹾﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺃﹶﻧﻬﻢ ﻟﹶﺎ ﻳﺮﺟﹺﻌﻮﻥﹶ ○ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻓﹸﺘﺤﺖ ﻳﺄﹾﺟﻮﺝ ﻭﻣﺄﹾﺟﻮﺝ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﹸﻞﱢ ﺣﺪﺏﹴ ﻳﻨﺴِﻠﹸﻮﻥﹶ〉 “There is a ban on a town (i.e. Jerusalem) which we destroyed (and whose people were then expelled) that they (i.e. the people of the town) can never return (to reclaim that town as their own) until Gog and Magog are released and they spread out in all directions (thus taking control of the world while establishing the Gog and Magog world-order).” (Our comments are in brackets) (Qur’ ān, al-Anbiy āh’, 21:95-6) 3 CONTENTS Ansari Memorial Series Preface Introduction by Dr Tamman Adi Chapter One: The Importance of ‘Signs of the Last Day in the Modern Age’ Appearance and reality are opposite to each other Can all of these events be occurring by accident? Responding to Islamic sectarianism The Shia sect Ahmadiyyah The Wahhabi sect Tableegh Jamaat (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • The Weird History of Usamerican Fascism: a Guide (1979-2019) Phd in Critical and Cultural Theory 2019 M.C
    The Weird History of USAmerican Fascism: A Guide (1979-2019) PhD in Critical and Cultural Theory 2019 M.C. McGrady Summary The future, as ever, can be read in comic books. Foretold by the Dark Age of Comics, the doom that now comes to Earth arrives in the form of self-realizing eschatologies, horrors born out of the rutting between unfettered capitalism and its favorite child, technological hubris. When the Big Two comic book publishers began hiring British and Irish authors en masse over the course of the 1980s, these writers brought with them a critical eye sharpened by the political and economic cruelty of the decade. The victims of the Iron Lady came to the New World and set their sights on the empire of the Teflon President, using superhero stories to explore the ideological weapons deployed in the service of global capitalism. The Weird History of USAmerican Fascism tracks the interrelated networks of popular culture and fascism in the United States to demonstrate the degree to which contemporary USAmerican politics embodies the future that the fictional dystopias of the past warned us about. Although the trans-Atlantic political developments of 2016 and their aftermath have sparked a widespread interest in a resurgent Anglophone fascism and its street-level movements – seen most obviously in the loose collection of white supremacists known as the ‘alt- right’ – this interest has been hamstrung by the historical aversion to a serious study of popular and ‘nerd’ culture during the twentieth century. By paying attention to the conceptual and interpersonal networks that emerged from the comic books and videogames of the 1980s, The Weird History of USAmerican Fascism fills a critical lacuna in cultural theory while correcting recent oversights in the academic analysis of contemporary fascism, providing an essential guide to the past, present, and future of the bizarre world of USAmerican politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Club Add Form
    O GUARDIANS OF THE GALAXY: EARTH O CAPTAIN TRIPS PREMIERE HC SHALL OVERCOME PREMIERE HC Collects Collecting THE STAND: CAPTAIN TRIPS #1-5. MARVEL SUPER-HEROES #18, MARVEL TWO-IN- 160 PGS...$24.99 ONE #4-5, GIANT-SIZE DEFENDERS #5 and DE- O MARVEL MASTERWORKS: FANTASTIC FENDERS #26-29.176 PGS./Rated A ...$19.99 FOUR VOL. 1 TPB Collecting THE FANTASTIC O MARVEL ADVENTURES THE AVENGERS STAR WARS ADVENTURES VOL.1 Digest on-going FOUR #1-10. 272 PGS...$24.99 VOL. 8: THE NEW RECRUITS DIGEST O MARVEL MASTERWORKS: GOLDEN AGE Collecting MARVEL ADVENTURES THE AVEN- Before they ever met Luke Skywalker or Princess Leia, Han Solo and Chewbacca had MARVEL COMICS VOL. 4 HC Collecting MARVEL GERS #28-31. 96 PGS./All Ages ...$9.99 already lived a lifetime of adventures. In this action-packed tale, Han and Chewie are MYSTERY COMICS #13-16. O SKRULLS VS. POWER PACK DIGEST caught between gangsters and the Empire, and their only help is Han's former partner- 280 PGS ...$59.99 Collecting SKRULLS VS. POWER PACK #1-4 O MARVEL MASTERWORKS: THE INCREDI- 96 PGS./All Ages ...$9.99 -who may be worse than either! This is a new series of GNs designed for of all ages! BLE HULK VOL. 5 HCCollecting THE INCREDIBLE O MINI MARVELS: SECRET INVASION DIGEST HULK #111-121.240 PGS..$54.99 96 PGS./All Ages ...$9.99 SOUL KISS #1 (of 5) O WOLVERINE OMNIBUS VOL. 1 HC Collecting O SECRET INVASION: FRONT LINE TPB $14.99 STEVEN T. SEAGLE comes to Image for SOUL KISS - the story of a woman with MARVEL COMICS PRESENTS #1-10, #72-84; IN- O SECRET INVASION: BLACK PANTHER $12.99 vengeance on her mind and damnation on her lips.
    [Show full text]
  • Heading 1 Skaar Wildfire Doctor Doom Thing Scorpion Jack-Jack Jane Foster Magda: Hit-Girl flash Elektra Tinkerer Alex Woolsly Professor X Tinkerer: Blade
    Typography Drop caps example here. Scarlet witch fenris colossus lockjaw wolverine abomination the new sentinels rogue, wonder girl dreadknight shriek ahab. Darkman shadow king ghost rider falcon neuropath montana shape baron zemo? Drop caps alternate example here. Scarlet witch fenris colossus lockjaw wolverine abomination the new sentinels rogue, wonder girl dreadknight shriek ahab. Darkman shadow king ghost rider falcon neuropath montana shape baron zemo? Heading 1 Skaar wildfire doctor doom thing scorpion jack-jack jane foster magda: hit-girl flash elektra tinkerer alex woolsly professor x tinkerer: blade. Heading 2 Scarlet spider malachi “the jellyfish” kelly dl hawkins proteus cathrine mora angel salvadore impulse lightning lad medusa speedball. Heading 3 Ox dolores ms marvel vampire x fountain iron fist: toad maximus gambit miss martian zatanna red tornado black panther hiro nakamura? Heading 4 Big barda hawkwoman doctor faustus arsenal gwen stacy black canary. Donald roxxon hope summers abomination ben reilly. Heading 5 Madame web hawk beyonder. Doctor spectrum kilowog lieberman flash gordon wasp the rose guy gardner. Psylocke warlock mephisto cat. Heading 6 Donald roxxon hope summers abomination ben reilly asp doctor octopus. Madame web hawk beyonder. Doctor spectrum kilowog lieberman flash gordon wasp the rose. Infamous Quote Captain spain black jack tarr power man, impulse; tandy bowen; thunderbird jennifer walters. Typography Donald roxxon hope summers abomination ben reilly asp doctor octopus psylocke warlock mephisto cat shang-chi big barda. Paragraph with Pullquote Madame web hawk beyonder. Doctor spectrum kilowog lieberman flash gordon wasp the rose guy gardner deadpool spawn master chief guardian, magog ant-man.” Metamorpho trey langstrom red guardian, “hellcat, jane foster betty brant stacy x hellcat emma frost inertia toad quasar?” Deadpool, “fancy dan crimson crusader, carnage white queen hyperion.” Arcanna captain italy thing phoenix jennifer kale robbie burchill, “the rose spawn, unicorn elektra.” Here’s something relevant someone important said.
    [Show full text]
  • Ashaabu Al Kahfe فهكلا باحصأ \ /The Sleepers Gog and Magog جوجأمو جوجأي
    1 - Twenty Three - A Picture Book of The Sleepers/أصحاب الكهف\Ashaabu Al Kahfe And يأجوج ومأجوج\Gog and Magog By Dr. Hasanwali Sheikh Hussein Osman, DVM I dedicate this book to my Quraan teacher Al Haafeth, Engineer Al Sheikh Al Sharif Muhammad المهندس الحافظ، الشيخ الشريف , Ahmad ‘Umar Abo Imankiyo al-Nadiiri al-Alawi - Al-Husseyni Imam of the Islamic Center of محمد بن أحمد بن عمر أبو إمانكيو، النضيري، العلوي الحسيني، Richmond, Virginia, USA. 2 Table of Contents 1.Table of Contents 2 2.The Delegation of Quraysh to the Jews of Al Madeenah Al Munawwarah 4 3.(One) The young men who disappeared in ancient days 6 4.The beginning of the story of the sleepers 7 5.Sooratu Al Kahfe 11 6.(Two) Thoo Al Qarnayn and his Wall 16 7.The identity of Thoo Al Qarnayn 18 8.The Atlas of the Bible 21 9.The location of the Wall of Thoo Al Qarnayn 22 10.Al Qurtubee 24 11.Russia Today.com 25 12.The identification of Thoo Al Qarnayn by Al Shaykh Dr. Aboo Muhammad 26 13.The true Wall of Thoo Al Qarnayn/Qurush 29 14.Prophet Muhammad Sallaa Allaahu ‘Alayhe Wa ‘Alaa Aalehe Wa Sallam and the Jews 30 15.Al Ssahhaar: Qurush/Cyrus/Thoo Al Qarnayn 35 16.Al Mas’oodee 38 17.Al Suhaylee 39 18.After Prophet Sulaymaan more Jews settle in Al Madeenah Al Munawwarah 39 19.The identification of Gog and Magog by the author 43 20.Oxfam 44 21.Prophet Muhammad Sallaa Allaahu ‘Alayhe Wa Sallam describes Gog and Magog 47 22.Gog and Magog are humans 48 23.Two Superpowers: America and Russia 49 24.
    [Show full text]
  • American Superhero Comics and the Shadow of 9/11
    No More Tall Buildings: American Superhero Comics and the Shadow of 9/11 Mauricio Castro Synopsis This essay explores reactions to the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001 in superhero comics published by Marvel and DC Comics. It outlines how these publishers largely avoided engaging the meanings of the attacks and focused instead on their impact on American society and politics. It traces commonalities between storylines in Amazing Spider-Man, Ex Machina, and The Boys, contrasting them with the work of John Ney Rieber and John Cassaday on Captain America. It concludes that these corporate entities likely shied away from controversy that might have harmed their industry status and stunted the possibilities of their emerging multi-media presence. Biography Mauricio Castro received a BA from Vassar College and an MA in American history from Purdue University, where he is a Ph.D. candidate. His dissertation focuses on Miami‟s urban development following the arrival of the Cuban exiles in 1959. His academic interests include political economy, gender, nationalism, and popular culture. Essay The two pages which open issue number 36 of The Amazing Spider-Man (Volume 2) show the titular hero gripping his own head in horror and impotence as he looks down upon the burning wreckage of the World Trade Center on the morning of September 11th, 2001. Written by J. Michael Straczynski, illustrated by John Romita Jr., and published on November 14th of that same year, Amazing Spider-Man #36 was meant to directly address the events of the previous September through the eyes of Marvel Comic‟s everyman New Yorker, Peter Parker.
    [Show full text]