Our Hunger for God
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The Life of Saint Bernard De Clairvaux
The Life of Saint Bernard de Clairvaux Born in 1090, at Fontaines, near Dijon, France; died at Clairvaux, 21 August, 1153. His parents were Tescelin, lord of Fontaines, and Aleth of Montbard, both belonging to the highest nobility of Burgundy. Bernard, the third of a family of seven children, six of whom were sons, was educated with particular care, because, while yet unborn, a devout man had foretold his great destiny. At the age of nine years, Bernard was sent to a much renowned school at Chatillon-sur-Seine, kept by the secular canons of Saint-Vorles. He had a great taste for literature and devoted himself for some time to poetry. His success in his studies won the admiration of his masters, and his growth in virtue was no less marked. Bernard's great desire was to excel in literature in order to take up the study of Sacred Scripture, which later on became, as it were, his own tongue. "Piety was his all," says Bossuet. He had a special devotion to the Blessed Virgin, and there is no one who speaks more sublimely of the Queen of Heaven. Bernard was scarcely nineteen years of age when his mother died. During his youth, he did not escape trying temptations, but his virtue triumphed over them, in many instances in a heroic manner, and from this time he thought of retiring from the world and living a life of solitude and prayer. St. Robert, Abbot of Molesmes, had founded, in 1098, the monastery of Cîteaux, about four leagues from Dijon, with the purpose of restoring the Rule of St. -
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Case: 20-56156, 06/21/2021, ID: 12149429, DktEntry: 33, Page 1 of 35 No. 20-56156 United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit JOANNA MAXON et al., Plaintiffs/Appellants, v. FULLER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, et al., Defendants/Appellees. Appeal from the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California | No. 2:19-cv-09969 (Hon. Consuelo B. Marshall) ____________________________________________ BRIEF OF PROFESSORS ELIZABETH A. CLARK, ROBERT F. COCHRAN, TERESA S. COLLETT, CARL H. ESBECK, DAVID F. FORTE, RICHARD W. GARNETT, DOUGLAS LAYCOCK, MICHAEL P. MORELAND, AND ROBERT J. PUSHAW AS AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF APPELLEES ____________________________________________ C. Boyden Gray Jonathan Berry Michael Buschbacher* T. Elliot Gaiser BOYDEN GRAY & ASSOCIATES 801 17th Street NW, Suite 350 Washington, DC 20006 202-955-0620 [email protected] * Counsel of Record (application for admission pending) Case: 20-56156, 06/21/2021, ID: 12149429, DktEntry: 33, Page 2 of 35 CERTIFICATE OF INTEREST Pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 26.1, counsel for amici hereby certifies that amici are not corporations, and that no disclosure statement is therefore required. See Fed. R. App. P. 29(a)(4)(A). Dated: June 21, 2021 s/ Michael Buschbacher i Case: 20-56156, 06/21/2021, ID: 12149429, DktEntry: 33, Page 3 of 35 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................ ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ..................................................................... iii INTEREST OF AMICI CURIAE ............................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT ................... 2 ARGUMENT ............................................................................................... 6 I. THE PRINCIPLE OF CHURCH AUTONOMY IS DEEPLY ROOTED IN THE ANGLO-AMERICAN LEGAL TRADITION. ................................................ 6 II. THE FIRST AMENDMENT PROHIBITS GOVERNMENT INTRUSION INTO THE TRAINING OF SEMINARY STUDENTS. -
The Małopolska Way of St James (Sandomierz–Więcławice Stare– Cracow–Szczyrk) Guide Book
THE BROTHERHOOD OF ST JAMES IN WIĘCŁAWICE STARE THE MAŁOPOLSKA WAY OF ST JAMES (SANDOMIERZ–WIĘCŁAWICE STARE– CRACOW–SZCZYRK) GUIDE BOOK Kazimiera Orzechowska-Kowalska Franciszek Mróz Cracow 2016 1 The founding of the pilgrimage centre in Santiago de Compostela ‘The Lord had said to Abram, “Go from your country, your people and your father’s household to the land I will show you”’ (Gen 12:1). And just like Abraham, every Christian who is a guest in this land journeys throughout his life towards God in ‘Heavenly Jerusalem’. The tradition of going on pilgrimages is part of a European cultural heritage inseparably connected with the Christian religion and particular holy places: Jerusalem, Rome, and Santiago de Compostela, where the relics of St James the Greater are worshipped. The Way of St James began almost two thousand years ago on the banks of the Sea of Galilee (Lake Tiberias). As Jesus was walking beside the Sea of Galilee, he saw two brothers, Simon called Peter and his brother Andrew. They were casting a net into the lake, for they were fishermen. ‘Come, follow me,’ Jesus said, ‘and I will send you out to fish for people’. At once they left their nets and followed him. Going on from there, he saw two other brothers, James son of Zebedee and his brother John. They were in a boat with their father Zebedee, preparing their nets. Jesus called them, and immediately they left the boat and their father and followed him. (Matthew 4:18‒22) Mortal St James The painting in Basilica in Pelplin 2 The path of James the Apostle with Jesus began at that point. -
Daily Saints – 1 March St. David of Wales Born: 500 AD, Caerfai Bay
Daily Saints – 1 March St. David of Wales Born: 500 AD, Caerfai Bay, United Kingdom, Died: March 1, 589 AD, St David’s, United Kingdom, Feast: 1 March, Canonized: 1123, Rome, Holy Roman Empire (officially recognized) by Pope Callixtus II, Venerated in Roman Catholic Church; Eastern Orthodox Church; Anglican Communion, Attributes: Bishop with a dove, usually on his shoulder, sometimes standing; on a raised hillock Among Welsh Catholics, as well as those in England, March 1 is the liturgical celebration of Saint David of Wales. St. David is the patron of the Welsh people, remembered as a missionary bishop and the founder of many monasteries during the sixth century. David was a popular namesake for churches in Wales before the Anglican schism, and his feast day is still an important religious and civic observance. Although Pope Benedict XVI did not visit Wales during his 2010 trip to the U.K., he blessed a mosaic icon of its patron, and delivered remarks praising St. David as “one of the great saints of the sixth century, that golden age of saints and missionaries in these isles, and...thus a founder of the Christian culture which lies at the root of modern Europe.” In his comments, Pope Benedict recalled the saint's dying words to his monastic brethren: "Be joyful, keep the faith, and do the little things." He urged that St. David's message, "in all its simplicity and richness, continue to resound in Wales today, drawing the hearts of its people to a renewed love for Christ and his Church." From a purely historical standpoint, little is known of David’s life, with the earliest biography dating from centuries after his time. -
Summer-Fall Newsletter
Abbey Mission Statement Daylesford Abbey exists to enrich the church by our Norbertine communio, nourished by contemplation on God’s word, made visible in worship and service within the local church. As Norbertine Communities News throughout the world celebrate a Year of Jubilee, Pope Francis D has written our Abbot General to join us in gratitude for the gift of nine centuries of common life and ministry. His gracious words open this Newsletter. Together with God, Among the People Father Michael J. Lee, O. Praem. Born: September 25, 1943 Vested: August 28, 1961 Professed: August 28, 1963 AYLESFOR For the friends of Daylesford Abbey Summer / Fall 2021 Ordained: May 16, 1970 Born to Eternal Life: February 11, 2021 D Contents 1. A Letter from the Abbot A Letter From the Abbot by Abbot Domenic A. Rossi, O. Praem. Words from Pope Francis 2. Words from Pope Francis For a number of years now, the Abbey has had two fig trees nestled in an 4. In Memoriam: outside area of one of our gardens, Fr. Michael Lee, O. Praem. well protected from winter winds. by Joseph McLaughlin, O. Praem. We would typically get at most, a few 5. Norbertine Farewell dozen figs and only at the very end to Saint Gabriel Parish of the summer. This year, however, was very different. by Francis X. Cortese, O. Praem. On just one of the fig trees, as soon as the leaves were starting to appear this spring, there also appeared dozens 7. Development Corner and dozens of figs(I counted 72). Moreover, the fruit were by John J. -
Avignon Papacy - the Avignon Papacy Resulted from Conflict Between the French and Pope Boniface VIII
Avignon Papacy - The Avignon Papacy resulted from conflict between the French and Pope Boniface VIII. Following the death of the Pope and his successor, a French Pope, Clement V, was elected. In 1309, he he moved the Papal Court to Avignon, and until 1376/1377, all Popes--who were all themselves French--resided there. The French Crown held sway over these Popes and thus held great power. Joan of Arc - Joan of Arc was a woman who allegedly received religious visions urging her support of the Charles VII’s faction in the Hundred Years’ War. She helped bring French victory in many battles, including the important Siege of Orleans. Charles VII was crowned at Reims thanks to the city’s capture. She was captured in 1430 and burned at the stake on the orders of the English in 1431. Later on, the Papacy declared her a martyr who had been innocent of her crimes, and she is now a prominent religious figure. 100 Years War - From 1337 to 1453, England warred with France over the issue of succession to the French throne. France won control over former English mainland territories after the war’s end. The war saw a shift from the feudal style of warfare to a more modern conception of organized, trained armies. Artillery was used in the war, as well. The war saw changes in the populations and politics of England and France. Lay Investiture Controversy - This conflict between the Holy Roman Empire and the Church was the result of a trend of European leaders seeking greater influence over Church affairs. -
An Ontological History of Ecclesial Union
AN ONTOLOGICAL HISTORY OF ECCLESIAL UNION by SEAN PAUL FREDSTI Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF THEOLOGY in the subject of CHURCH HISTORY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR MOKHELE JOHANNES SINGLETON MADISE August 2019 To my wonderful wife, Robin A woman with a beautiful and precious spirit. She has shown me the meaning of courage in her devotion and has been my dear colleague in the adventure of life. ii Contents 1 Chapter 1 - A Critical Historical Survey, revealing what it is to be Church ............................. 1 1.1 Early Admonitions ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Early Schisms ....................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Councils of Unity ............................................................................................................... 21 1.3.1 The Council of Jerusalem ......................................................................................... 22 1.3.2 The First Council of Nicaea ...................................................................................... 23 1.3.3 The First Council of Constantinople ......................................................................... 25 1.3.4 The Council of Ephesus ............................................................................................ 26 1.3.5 The Council of Chalcedon ....................................................................................... -
First Covenant Church
ChurchChurch HistoryHistory ChurchChurch HistoryHistory IntroductionIntroduction toto ChurchChurch HistoryHistory st rd TheThe AncientAncient ChurchChurch AD 11st-3-3rd centuriescenturies th th TheThe RiseRise ofof ChristendomChristendom AD 44th-5-5th centuriescenturies th th TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges AD 66th-10-10th centuriescenturies th th TheThe AgeAge ofof CrusadesCrusades AD 1111th-13-13th centuriescenturies th th TheThe RenaissanceRenaissance AD 1414th-15-15th centuriescenturies th ConquestConquest andand ReformationReformation AD 1616th centurycentury th th TheThe AgeAge ofof EnlightenmentEnlightenment AD 1717th-18-18th centuriescenturies th TheThe AgeAge ofof RevolutionRevolution AD 1919th centurycentury th TheThe ModernModern AgeAge AD 2020th centurycentury st TheThe PostmodernPostmodern AgeAge AD 2121st centurycentury ChurchChurch HistoryHistory IntroductionIntroduction toto ChurchChurch HistoryHistory st rd TheThe AncientAncient ChurchChurch AD 11st-3-3rd centuriescenturies th th TheThe RiseRise ofof ChristendomChristendom AD 44th-5-5th centuriescenturies th th TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges AD 66th-10-10th centuriescenturies th th TheThe AgeAge ofof CrusadesCrusades AD 1111th-13-13th centuriescenturies West vs. East The First Crusade(s) The Crusades Become a Fad (interlude) TheThe AgeAge ofof CrusadesCrusades In-fightingIn-fighting withinwithin thethe ChurchChurch continuedcontinued 1115±1115± PeterPeter AbélardAbélard wrotewrote hishis firstfirst bookbook AA studentstudent whowho waswas giftedgifted -
13 La Reconquista: the First, the Last, and the Most Successful Constellation of Crusades Meghan Lanter Thirty Years and Three P
La Reconquista: The First, the Last, and the Most Successful Constellation of Crusades Meghan Lanter Thirty years and three popes prior to Pope Urban II’s call for the “First” Crusade at the Council of Clermont in 1095, Pope Alexander II sanctioned the true first crusade on the Iberian Peninsula. A vicious fight between Catholics and Muslims in the city of Barbastro, situated in northeastern Spain, the Crusade of Barbastro raged in August of 1064. Although sometimes referred to as the Siege of Barbastro or the War of Barbastro by historians who do not see it as a true crusade, the Crusade of Barbastro was the first holy war between the Muslims and the Catholics sanctioned by the papacy. However, this was by no means the first war between Catholics and Muslims. Starting in 711, the Muslim Umayyad Caliphate expanded over the majority of the Iberian Peninsula, including Catholic Spain, controlling all but a small section in the northernmost region of the peninsula by 718.1 Over the next 781 years, the Catholics who had retreated to the Basque region slowly began to work on reconquering their lost peninsula, pushing back the Muslims little by little, through a series of crusades. Although this “Reconquista”, or Reconquest, lasted for nearly eight hundred years, it thus was neither a single crusade, nor was it always able to be characterized as such. Rather, it was a series of wars and battles and crusades all characterized by the same goal: the Catholic reconquest of Spain from the Muslims. The first three hundred-fifty years of the Reconquista -
Devotional Writings of the Late Medieval and Reformation Era Christopher J
State University of New York College at Buffalo - Buffalo State College Digital Commons at Buffalo State History Theses History and Social Studies Education 12-2014 Reforming Christianity by Reforming Christians: Devotional Writings of the Late Medieval and Reformation Era Christopher J. Quail State University of New York College at Buffalo, [email protected] Advisor Martin F. Ederer, Ph.D. Associate Professor of History First Reader Martin F. Ederer, Ph.D. Associate Professor of History Second Reader York A. Norman, Ph.D. Associate Professor of History Department Chair Andrew D. Nicholls, Ph.D., Chair and Professor of History To learn more about the History and Social Studies Education Department and its educational programs, research, and resources, go to http://history.buffalostate.edu/. Recommended Citation Quail, Christopher J., "Reforming Christianity by Reforming Christians: Devotional Writings of the Late Medieval and Reformation Era" (2014). History Theses. Paper 29. Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/history_theses Part of the European History Commons, and the History of Religion Commons Reforming Christianity by Reforming Christians: Devotional Writings of the Late Medieval and Reformation Era by Christopher J. Quail An Abstract of a Thesis in History Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts December 2014 State University of New York College at Buffalo Department of History and Social Studies Education 1 ABSTRACT OF THESIS Reforming Christianity by Reforming Christians: Devotional Writings of the Late Medieval and Reformation Era During the late medieval and Reformation era in Europe, a series of Christian devotional works were created that stressed a deeper personal relationship with Christ, rather than ritual and public devotion alone. -
To the Most Reverend Father Jozef Wouters, Abbot General of the Premonstratensian Canons Regular. I Learned the Good News That Y
To the Most Reverend Father Jozef Wouters, Abbot General of the Premonstratensian Canons Regular. I learned the good news that you have announced a Jubilee to celebrate the 900th anniversary of the foundation of the Abbey of Prémontré by Saint Norbert, the first community from which the Order of Premonstratensian Canons Regular originated. St. Norbert is rightly considered one of the most zealous architects of the Gregorian reform. Born around 1075, he became a canon of the chapter of Xanten after his ecclesiastical studies. Through the then Bishop of Cologne, Frederick, he was introduced to the court of Emperor Henry V. Thus, Norbert got involved early in the events that marked the beginnings of the 12th century. While the Emperor and the lords of the realm claimed a right to intervene personally in the appointment of bishops and abbots by favoring people whom they liked, a new sensitivity to the demands of the Gospel and of the mission proper to the clergy grew within the Church. There were not a few men and women, inspired by God, who began to question the attachment ministers of the Church had with merely worldly interests. Norbert was one of these. When, in 1115, at the height of the investiture controversy, he had to chose a position between the Pope and the Emperor, he followed Bishop Frederick of Cologne and began a spiritual journey that was to lead him to an authentic conversion after a long process of discernment. Norbert gave up his life at the court and decided to live “Solo Christo Duce”, embracing a lifestyle inspired by the Apostles. -
Turning Points of the Reformation How the Bible Turned the World Upside-Down
Turning Points of the Reformation How the Bible turned the world upside-down. Councils, Popes, & the Priesthood of All Believers Background Councils, Popes, & Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation The Priesthood The priesthood is founded upon the biblical tribe of Levi… Numbers 18:2-4 (ESV) And with you bring your brother also, the tribe of Levi, the tribe of your father, that they may join you and minister to you while you and your sons with you are before the tent of the testimony. They shall keep guard over you and over the whole tent, but shall not come near to the vessels of the sanctuary or to the altar lest they, and you, die. They shall join you and keep guard over the tent of meeting for all the service of the tent, and no outsider shall come near you. The Priesthood The priesthood is founded upon the biblical tribe of Levi… The Priesthood The priesthood is founded upon the biblical tribe of Levi, but Catholics also acknowledge a universal priesthood. 1 Peter 2:9 (ESV) But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for his own possession, that you may proclaim the excellencies of him who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light. The Priesthood The priesthood is founded upon the biblical tribe of Levi, but Catholics also acknowledge a universal priesthood. Priests are mediators between God and human beings; they offer sacrifices and intercede for the people of God. Priests act in the person of Christ during the Eucharist.