HONIARA IS HARD” the Domestic Moral Economy of the Kwara’Ae People of Gilbert Camp, Solomon Islands

“HONIARA IS HARD” The Domestic Moral Economy of the Kwara’ae people of Gilbert Camp, Solomon Islands A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2014 RODOLFO MAGGIO School of Social Sciences Department of Social Anthropology LIST OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................... 2 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................ 4 LIST OF PLATES ............................................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF MAPS .................................................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................... 7 GLOSSARY ......................................................................................................................................... 8 ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................... 9 DECLARATION .............................................................................................................................. 10 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT ........................................................................................................ 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 2 “Gilbert Camp is our Hom”: The Kwara’ae People of Gilbert Camp .............. 41 Chapter 3 “Living a Good Life”: The Economy of Gilbert Camp ...................................... 85 Chapter 4 “Big Confusion”: The Land Question in Gilbert Camp .................................... 135 Chapter 5 “According to Kastom, According to Law”: Wrongdoing in Gilbert Camp .... 181 Chapter 6 “I am in Debt to Myself”: Pentecostal Conversion in Gilbert Camp .............. 229 Chapter 7 Conclusion: Hom and Honiara ............................................................................... 273 APPENDIX A – 7 HOUSEHOLDS ........................................................................................... 295 APPENDIX B – KINSHIP ........................................................................................................... 345 APPENDIX C – PRESCRIPTIONS ........................................................................................... 351 APPENDIX D – TRANSACTIONS .......................................................................................... 353 APPENDIX E – QUESTIONNAIRE ........................................................................................ 393 APPENDIX F – SURVEY ............................................................................................................ 397 APPENDIX G – BY LAWS .......................................................................................................... 403 APPENDIX H – TRANSCRIPT OF THE RESTITUTION CASE .................................... 413 APPENDIX I – LIST OF PENTECOSTAL CHURCHES IN HONIARA ....................... 425 APPENDIX J – TIME ALLOCATION ..................................................................................... 441 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................... 443 Word count: 79,692 2 LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 1.1 Case studies classified according to Gluckman and Eckstein ................................. 36 Table 2.1 District of origin of migrant households to Gilbert Camp ..................................... 65 Table 2.2 Type of education of people in Gilbert Camp .......................................................... 67 Table 2.3 Ethnolinguistically endogamous and exogamous households in Gilbert Camp .. 70 Table 2.4 Indigenous statements about hom and Honiara ......................................................... 79 Table 3.1 Transactions observed in Gilbert Camp .................................................................. 104 Table 3.2 Transactions observed between Gilbert Camp and Malaita .................................. 105 Table 3.3 Transactions observed in Malaita .............................................................................. 105 Table 3.4 Sikret Fren exchanges, Gilbert Camp, November 12th 2011 ................................. 117 Table 3.5 Kwara’ae and Pidgin Kinship terms .......................................................................... 119 Table 5.1 Timeline of the case study, 2000-2011 ..................................................................... 192 Table 5.2 Timeline of the case study, 2012 ............................................................................... 193 Table 5.3 Key terms used during the meeting .......................................................................... 194 Table 5.4 Pidgin personal pronouns and their relational meaning ........................................ 214 3 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Figure 2.1 Number of households settled over time ................................................................. 64 Figure 2.2 Ethno-linguistic affiliation of Gilbert Camp households ....................................... 68 Figure 2.3 Religious affiliation in Gilbert Camp households ................................................... 73 Figure 3.1 Percentage of households cultivating a garden ........................................................ 93 Figure 3.2 Kinship diagram of Anna’s transactions with the Kakadi household. ............... 108 Figure 3.3 Kinship Diagram of Rose’s Easter transactions .................................................... 111 Figure 4.1 Matrilineal inheritance in North-western Guadalcanal ......................................... 147 Figure 5.1 Kinship and spatial relations connecting the opposed parties ............................ 186 Figure 5.2 Rhoda told Ethel who told George that Jane told Rhoda ................................... 188 Figure 5.3 Position of participants in the office of the CPO ................................................. 190 Figure 5.4 Four sets of oppositions in the police station ........................................................ 218 Figure 5.5 Simplified tafuli’ae ........................................................................................................ 221 Figure 6.1 Percentage of denominational changes ................................................................... 243 4 LIST OF PLATES Plate Page Plate 1.1 The Boys Lodge ............................................................................................................... 15 Plate 2.1 Boys playing football in Gilbert Camp ........................................................................ 41 Plate 2.2 Gilbert Camp after the fire, September 13th, 1977 ..................................................... 58 Plate 3.1 Young Kwara’ae girl behind the bars of a store, handing a SBD$ 2 note .............. 85 Plate 3.2 The horticultural gardens ............................................................................................... 92 Plate 3.3 Clement, Betty and their son Joshua preparing doughnuts ...................................... 97 Plate 3.4 Two members of the Mothers’ Union exchanging cups and plates ...................... 116 Plate 3.5 The ‘No Kaon’ notice ..................................................................................................... 128 Plate 4.1 The land meeting, Aekafo, May 17th, 2012 ................................................................ 135 Plate 4.2 Valeriano receiving a chupu, Honiara, March 28th, 2012 .......................................... 169 Plate 4.3 Women demonstrating during the workshop, Honiara, April 4th, 2012 ............... 171 Plate 5.1 Nathan supervising the compensation ....................................................................... 181 Plate 6.1 Pentecostal men and women receiving the gifts of the Holy Spirit ...................... 229 Plate 7.1 Children jumping between two shores ...................................................................... 273 5 LIST OF MAPS Map Page Map 2.1 Archipelago of Solomon Islands ................................................................................... 44 Map 2.2 Guadalcanal ...................................................................................................................... 44 Map 2.3 Gilbert Camp and the Honiara Town Boundary ........................................................ 45 Map 2.4 Aerial view of Gilbert Camp .......................................................................................... 46 Map 2.5 Ethno-linguistic regions of Guadalcanal ...................................................................... 55 Map 2.6 Ethno-linguistic regions of Malaita ............................................................................... 69 Map 2.7 Topography of Gilbert Camp .......................................................................................

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