® WHAT BREEDS MAKE UP ELI? The Wisdom Panel® Insights™ computer algorithm performed over seven million calculations using 11 different models (from a single breed to complex combinations of breeds) to predict the most likely combination of pure and mixed breed dogs in the last 3 ancestral generations that best fit the DNA marker pattern observed in Eli. The ancestry chart depicting the best statistical result of this analysis is shown in the picture below. American American Mixed Mixed Airedale Airedale Bulldog Bulldog Bulldog Bulldog Breed† Breed† Terrier Terrier American Mixed Airedale Bulldog Bulldog Breed† Terrier Eli Bulldog / American Airedale Bulldog Cross Terrier Mix Bulldog / American Bulldog Cross crossed with Airedale Terrier Mix ® WHAT DOES THE MIXED BREED ANCESTOR MEAN FOR MY DOG? We have identified for you the 5 next best breed matches which appeared in the analysis of your dog's DNA. One or more of these breeds could have contributed to the genetic makeup of the ancestors indicated by the mixed breed icon. The breeds are listed by the relative strength of each result in our analysis with the most likely at the top of the list. There could also be a breed or breeds present in the mixed breed component that we cannot detect with our current database of purebred dogs. Labrador 10.49% Retriever English Cocker 0.89% Spaniel Pembroke 0.63% Welsh Corgi Dachshund 0.57% Miniature 0.31% Bull Terrier HOW WISDOM PANEL INSIGHTS WORKS The process started when you sent a sample to our laboratory, where the DNA was extracted from the cells and examined for the 321 markers that are used in the test. The results for these markers were sent to a computer, that evaluated them using a program designed to consider all of the pedigree trees that are possible in the last three generations. The trees considered include a simple pedigree with a single breed (a likely pure-bred dog), two different breeds at the parental level (a first-generation cross), all the way up to a complex tree with eight different great-grandparent breeds allowed. Our computer used information from over 190 breeds from our breed database to fill these potential pedigrees. For each of the millions of combinations of ancestry trees built and considered, the computer gave each a score representing how well that selected combination of breeds matched to your dog’s data. The pedigree with the overall best score is the one which is shown on the ancestry chart. Only breeds that reached our set confidence threshold for reporting are reported in the ancestry chart. ® AIREDALE TERRIER HEIGHT: 22 - 24 in WEIGHT (SHOW): 40 - 65 lb WEIGHT (PET): 36 - 67 lb Terrier Airedale EARS MUZZLE TAIL Airedale Terriers originated from eighteenth century Yorkshire, England in the regions of Airedale and Wharfedale. They are believed to be the descendants of the Old English Black-and-Tan Terrier, the Broken-Coated Working Terrier and the Rough-Coated Black-and-Tan Terrier. The breed was originally developed to guard against vermin, such as mice and rats. In 1853, Otterhounds were crossed with the Airedale Terriers, giving the breed an increased ability to swim, a better sense of smell and a larger size, making them suitable for the hunting of larger game. Airedale Terriers haven’t always been known by their current name. In the early years of the breed’s development they were referred to as Working Terriers and Waterside Terriers. The Airedale Terrier is known for its excellent gundog and retrieving skills and has been used in police and military work. The breed was officially recognized by the English Kennel Club in 1886 and by the American Kennel Club in 1888. The Airedale Terrier comes in black and tan or grizzle and tan (a scattering of black hairs over the tan). The coat is dense and wiry. A small white chest blaze is also possible in this breed. DO YOU RECOGNIZE ANY OF THESE AIREDALE TERRIER TRAITS IN ELI? Enjoy sports such as retrieving, flyball, Frisbee, Energetic, intelligent, independent, and clownish. hunt and field trials, herding, sledding, carting, Can be stubborn or protective. agility, tracking, and rally and competitive obedience. Close supervision needed around children because Reward-based training may be useful in reducing their exuberance may lead to accidental injury; stubborn tendencies such as chasing wildlife, also may not get along well with other dogs. refusing to disengage from an activity, or digging. ® BULLDOG HEIGHT: 12 - 16 in WEIGHT (SHOW): 35 - 55 lb WEIGHT (PET): 32 - 68 lb Bulldog EARS MUZZLE TAIL The Bulldog of today may look a bit like the Bulldog of days gone by, but their personalities are nothing alike. Bulldogs were originally developed to be fierce bull fighters with a high pain tolerance and an unparalleled aggression. They descended directly from the Bullenbeisser, an Asian dog resembling a Mastiff, and the Bulldog’s ancestors were used by Roman troops as well as the Teutons and Celts. When the Bullenbeissers were brought to England, breeders started working on reducing the size of the overall dog while increasing the size of the head. The result was a dog that was very effective in bull baiting and the breed earned the name “English Bulldog.” It is believed that the Bulldog was first brought to the United States in 1735. In 1835 bull baiting became outlawed and breeders started to eliminate the aggressive tendencies of the breed. As a result, today’s Bulldogs are much calmer and more suitable to family life than the Bulldogs of the past. The Bulldog comes in a range of colors, with brindle (black and brown stripes), blacks, fawns, and tans, with white combinations which range from all-white to small patches of color and piebald color patches. Dogs which are mostly colored, such as brindle sometimes have a white blaze in the chest. DO YOU RECOGNIZE ANY OF THESE BULLDOG TRAITS IN ELI? Bulldogs are less energetic than other breeds, Playful, calm, and usually friendly dogs. although they still need exercise to avoid becoming obese. Stubborn tendencies may be lessened by using A Bulldog can be tenacious or difficult to reward-based training involving small treats. disengage from an activity that has its attention. ® AMERICAN BULLDOG HEIGHT: 20 - 28 in WEIGHT (SHOW): 60 - 120 lb WEIGHT (PET): 62 - 118 lb Bulldog American EARS MUZZLE TAIL This breed is the closest surviving relative of the Old English Bulldog, which were used as working and guard dogs. The dogs moved with their owners across to South America, where the American Bulldog was developed. In the late 1940’s the Bulldogs were near extinction, but due to the breeding programs set up by John Johnson and Alan Scott, the American Bulldog breed was preserved. There are two types named after the breeders, the Johnson, known as the classic or bully type, and the Scott type, which is also referred to as the standard or performance type. The Johnson type is a large dog with a shorter muzzle and the Scott type is smaller with a longer muzzle. Today’s dog is a mixture of the two types. The American Bulldog is used as a guard, hunting and working dog. The breed was first officially recognized and registered by The National Kennel Club in 1970. The American Bulldog Association was established in 1989, and a year later the United Kennel Club recognized the breed in the working class. The American Bulldog may be solid white or white with all shades of brindle (black with brown stripes), brown, red, fawn or tan. The eyes are frequently different colors. DO YOU RECOGNIZE ANY OF THESE AMERICAN BULLDOG TRAITS IN ELI? Strong, alert, self-confident, physically active Forms strong family bonds and possesses strong dogs that require daily mental and physical protective instincts. There have been reported activity to prevent hyperactivity and difficulty in incidents of American Bulldogs being aggressive handling. with other pets or people. Requires firm, consistent obedience training Can be wary of cats and other small pets and and socialization to prevent reservation with may react to strange dogs, especially those of strangers and to ensure the dog is controllable in the same sex. This can be reduced through early all situations. socialization. THANK YOU FOR CHOOSING WISDOM PANEL INSIGHTS TO LEARN ABOUT YOUR DOG’S FAMILY ANCESTRY Congratulations on taking the steps to learn about your dog's ancestry and to understand what breeds are in your mixed breed dog using Wisdom Panel Insights! Knowing your dog’s breeds is more than a novelty - it is a medical necessity. Each breed in your pooch’s genetic paw print has unique health concerns you should know about so that you can provide a lifetime of excellent care. Visit www.Genesis4Pets.com to find out more about your dog’s health-care needs: you’ll feel better knowing that you’re doing everything you can to keep your pal happy and healthy. In addition to loads of free, easy-to-understand information based on the latest medical research, you will receive a 50% discount on all downloadable health-care booklets that explain the common health concerns for individual breeds. Simply enter promotional code WISDOM when you check out to receive your discount (expires 30 days after you receive your Wisdom Panel report). We recommend discussing your dog’s ancestry report with your veterinarian, as he or she can help you use your Wisdom Panel Insights report to help better care for Eli. The next time you visit your veterinarian, consider asking these questions in addition to any you come up with on your own: • Are there any specific issues that may be relevant to my dog’s well-being? • Are there any special techniques that may help in training a dog with this particular mix? • Are there any particular dietary considerations to bear in mind for a dog like mine? BECAUSE YOU LOVE YOUR DOG - SHARE HIS STORY! Join our online community of mixed-breed dog owners and share your dog’s Wisdom Panel Insights report with the world.