German Influences on the British Stage, 1890-1918
THE MODERN CATALYST: GERMAN INFLUENCES ON THE BRITISH STAGE, 1890-1918 A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Nicholas John Dekker, M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Doctoral Examination Committee: Approved by Dr. Thomas Postlewait, Adviser Dr. Lesley Ferris __________________________________ Adviser Dr. Joy Reilly Graduate Program in Theatre ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the role of German culture – theatre, music, opera, politics, and philosophy – as a catalyst to the modernist transformations of London theatre between 1890 and 1918. It explores the ways British theatre engaged German culture, whether by emulation, adaptation, or resistance, and focuses on four major figures in the Edwardian Theatre: J. T. Grein, William Archer, Bernard Shaw, and Harley Granville Barker. Impresario J. T. Grein (1862-1935) established German theatre companies in London to introduce British theatre to the works of great German writers, actors, and directors. Scottish critic William Archer (1856-1924) used Germany as a model for his campaign to translate and produce the plays of Henrik Ibsen in London. He also advocated the formation of England’s National Theatre, using German examples of state- funded repertory theatres. Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) introduced English audiences to Richard Wagner’s operas, ideas, and productions. Shaw’s plays also enjoyed a rich production history in Germany through his working relationship with his translator, Siegfried Trebitsch. Director Harley Granville Barker (1877-1946) closely followed the careers of German directors Max Behrend and Max Reinhardt. In 1912 and 1914, Barker produced three of Shakespeare’s plays, The Winter’s Tale, Twelfth Night, and A Midsummer Night’s Dream, in which audiences and critics quickly noticed German ii influences.
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