The May 1, 2018

American Indian Tribal News * Ernie C. Salgado Jr., Publisher/Editor Robert I. Mesa Soboba/Navajo Stars in Leonardo DiCaprio's History Channel Production

Robert I. Mesa recently stared in the lead role as Tecumseh in the resent Leonardo DiCaprio's History Channel production of “The Men who built America-Frontiers Men” A four part mini series that aired March 7, 14, 21 and 28, 2018 on the History Channel. Robert is the grandson of Steve “Mesa” Sun or “Cowboy” as many of us old timers from the Soboba Rez know him. Although Robert is an enrolled member of the Navajo Nation, his Grandpa, “Cowboy” is an enrolled grandmothers tribe, he has always member of the Soboba Band of claimed his Soboba heritage. Luiseno Indians. His grandmother, Claudia Mesa and her brother, Robert’s acting career was born out Ralph Arietta Sr., and sister, Elisa- of his Tribal Dancing and his pri- beth Mojado were also Soboba mary profession as a photographer trbal members. which is still his first love. TECUMSEH So. California American Indian Tribes From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Tecumseh-(titi-KUM-see) the Old Northwest Territory. continued to fight the United  Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians (March 1768–October 5, 1813). In 1808, with his brother States after forming an alliance with Great Britain in the War of  Barona Band of Mission Indians Tecumseh was an American Tenskwatawa ("The Prophet"), 1812.  Cabazon Band of Mission Indians Indian Shawnee warrior and Tecumseh founded the Indian  Cahuilla Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians chief, who became the primary village the Americans called During the war, Tecumseh's Prophetstown, located north of confederacy helped in the cap-  Campo Band of Kumeyaay Indians leader of a large, multi-tribal present-day Lafayette, Indiana. ture of Fort Detroit. However,  Chemehuevi Indian Tribe confederacy in the early 19th Prophetstown grew into a large, after U.S. naval forces took  Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay Indians century. multi-tribal community and a control of Lake Erie in 1813,  Iipay Kumeyaay Nation of Santa Ysabel He was born in the Ohio Coun- central point in Tecumseh's the British and their Indian al-  Inaja-Cosmit Band of Kumeyaay Indians try and grew up during the political and military alliance. lies retreated into Upper Cana-  Jamul Indian Village American Revolutionary War The Tecumseh confederation da, where the American forces and the Northwest Indian War, engaged them at the Battle of  La Jolla Band of Luiseno Indians fought the United States during which exposed Tecumseh to the Thames on October 5, 1813,  La Posta Band of Kumeyaay Indians “Tecumseh's War”, but he was warfare. He envisioned the es-  Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla Indians where Tecumseh was killed. tablishment of an independent unsuccessful in getting the U.S.  Manzanita Band of Kumeyaay Indians Indian nation east of the Missis- government to rescind the Trea- His death and the end of the ty of Fort Wayne (1809) and war caused the pan Indian alli-  Mesa Grande Band of Mission Indians sippi River under British pro- - other land-cession treaties. ance to collapse. Within a few  Morongo Band of Mission Indians tection. years, the remaining tribal lands  Pauma Band of Luiseno Indians In 1811, as he traveled south to He worked to recruit additional in the Old Northwest were ced-  Pechanga Band of Luiseno Indians members to his tribal confeder- recruit more allies, his brother initiated the Battle of Tippe- ed to the U.S. government and  Ramona Band of Cahuilla acy from the southern United canoe against William Henry subsequently opened for new  Rincon Band of Luiseño Indians States. Harrison's army, but the Indians settlement and most of the  San Manuel Band of Mission Indians American Indians eventually Tecumseh was among the most retreated from the field and the  San Pasqual Band of Mission Indians moved west, across the Missis- celebrated Indian leaders in Americans burned down Proph- sippi River.  Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians history and was known as a etstown.  Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians strong and eloquent orator who Although Tecumseh remained Since his death Tecumseh has  Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians promoted tribal unity. become an iconic folk hero in the military leader of the pan- American, Aboriginal, and Ca-  Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation He was also ambitious, willing Indian confederation, his plan nadian history.  Torres-Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians to take risks, and make signifi- to enlarge the Indian alliance  Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Indians of California cant sacrifices to repel the was never fulfilled. Americans from Indian lands in  Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians Tecumseh and his confederacy

DISCLAIMER: By Ernie C. Salgado Jr.: The American Indian Reporter is based strictly on my humble opinion of the numerous tribal matters and issues. It is not intended to represent the views or positions of any American Indian Tribe, American Indian organization, community organization or private sector sponsor of the American Indian Reporter. The primary purpose of the A merican Indian Reporter is to provide information to the American Indian population and general public on American Indian affairs at the local, state and national levels. Currently we have applied for a non-profit status for the American Indian Reporter. Any reproduction or post- ing of any data herein in any form is strictly prohibited unless authorized and any violation will be subject to legal action. The May 1, 2018 PAGE 2 of 16

Wilma Pearl Mankiller November 18, 1945 – April 6, 2010 The Cherokee Connection Wilma Mankiller was a community organizer ”Oyiyo” (Hello in Cherokee.) kee Nation’s website, but I do and the first woman elected to serve as chief Please allow me to introduce remember being impressed of the Cherokee Nation. She served as princi- myself. My name is Kathy with the focus on education pal chief for ten years from 1985 to 1995. McNeeley and I am a new and preserving the Cherokee citizen of the Cherokee Na- language – both written and She was the author of a national-bestselling tion. spoken. autobiography, Mankiller: A Chief and Her People and co-authored Every Day Is a Good I grew up in Orange County, In talking to my mother about Day: Reflections by Contemporary Indige- California, my mother seldom it, she asked if I would be nous Women. spoke about her ancestry. She interested in obtaining my was born in Braggs, Oklaho- “Indian Card” as she called it. Mankiller's administration founded the ma in the early 1930’s. Both Of my three siblings, I am the Cherokee Nation Community Development of my maternal grandparents only one who has ever shown Department and saw a population increase of Cherokee Nation citizens from were Citizens of the Cherokee college and transferred to Pep- any interest our Cherokee 55,000 to 156,000 and currently is estimated at over 350,000. Nation as documented on the perdine University. hereditary. This is most likely original Dawes Roles. due to my interest in art and After earning my BA degree I During the depression of the culture. And even though for began my career at an adver- 30’s my grandfather sought me it took upwards of 20 tising agency. However, none work in Northern California years to obtain my Cherokee of this lent itself to an interest on an olive ranch. Once estab- Nation citizenship, I am now in my Cherokee ancestry until lished in Roseville, California, very proud to have done so. I went to work for a company he moved his family west. that produced limited edition As the new kid on the block Growing up I went to public fine art sculptures. so to speak I know there is schools and did all the usual more than art and culture in- The company was named Southern Californian things: volved and I intend to learn. Legends and their products went to the beach, belonged a were sculptures of “famous” I will be contributing to the Blue Bird troop, Camp Fire American Indians. It was dur- American Indian Reporter. Girls, took driver’s education ing my employment with Leg- You to send your news, sto- at school, learned to drive ends that the historical aspects ries and ideas to me at: using older friend’s cars, of my mother’s family were worked at Knott’s Berry [email protected] brought to light. I’m not sure Farm, studied at a community when I first viewed the Chero- Thank you, Kathy McNeeley Will Rogers “Oklahoma’s Favorite Son” November 4, 1879 - August 15, 1935

Contributed by Kathy McNeeley Citizen of the Cherokee Nation

Clement Rogers achieved finan- His only vehicle was the pages as a humorist-philosopher cial success as a rancher and used of Life, a weekly humor maga- in vaudeville, he gained a his influence to help soften the zine. Rogers ran as the "bunkless national audience in act- “Will Rogers” AKA was named negative effects of white accul- candidate" of the Anti-Bunk Par- ing and literary careers William Penn Adair Rogers at turation on his people. ty. from 1915 to 1935. In birth on November 4, 1879.. In 1908, Will Rogers married His campaign promise was that, if these years, Rogers in- He was born to a prominent Cher- Betty Blake (1879–1944), and the elected, he would resign. Every creasingly expressed the okee Indian family in Indian couple had four children: Will week, from Memorial Day views of the "common man" in that his image would be placed Country which is near present Rogers, Jr., Mary Amelia, James through Election Day, Rogers America. He downplayed aca- facing the House Chamber, sup- demic credentials, noting, posedly so he could "keep an eye day Oologah, Oklahoma He was Blake, and Fred Stone. Will Jr. caricatured the farcical humors of named for the great Cherokee became a World War II hero, grave campaign politics. On Elec- "Everybody is ignorant, only on on Congress." different subjects." Americans of leader Col. William Penn Adair. played his father in two films, tion Day, he declared victory and The Will Rogers sculpture is the all walks admired his individual- He identified as Cherokee, as did and was elected to Congress. resigned. only one facing the Chamber en- ism, his appreciation for demo- his parents even though he was Mary was an actress on Broad- The family lived in New York, trance in this part of the Capitol. cratic ideas, and his liberal phi- part white. His varied perfor- way and Jim was a rancher and but spent summers in Oklahoma. According to Capitol guides, each losophies on most issues. Moreo- mance career included the circus, newspaper man and Fred died US president rubs the left shoe of In 1911, Rogers bought a 20-acre ver, Rogers extolled hard work in vaudeville and motion pictures. of diphtheria at age two. the Rogers statue for good luck ranch near the city of Claremore, order to succeed, and such ex- He was also a noted humorist, Rogers thought all political cam- before entering the House Cham- Oklahoma. He intended to use the pressions affirmed American the- newspaper columnist and social paigns were bunk. To prove the ber to give State of the Union ranch as his retirement home. ories about how to realize indi- commentator (long before the point, he mounted a mock cam- address After Rogers gained recognition vidual success. Rogers symbol- advent of Twitter). His apho- paign in 1928 for the presidency. ized the self-made man, the com- Rogers even provided his most risms, couched in humorous mon man, who believed in Amer- famous axiom: When I die, my terms, were widely quoted: "I am ica, in progress, and in epitaph, or whatever you call not a member of an organized the American Dream of upward those signs on gravestones, is political party. I am a Democrat." mobility. His humor never of- going to read: "I joked about eve- Another widely quoted Will Rog- fended even those who were the ry prominent man of my time, but ers comment was "I don't make targets of it. I never met a man I didn't like." jokes. I just watch the govern- Will Rogers died in an airplane He is quoted as saying, “I am so ment and report the facts." crash on August 15, 1935. He proud of that, I can hardly wait to His father, Clement, was a leader was 55 years old. die so it can be carved.” in the Cherokee Nation. An attor- Upon her death in 1944, Roger’s ney and Cherokee judge, he was Before his death, the state of Ok- lahoma commissioned a statue of wife Betty, willed their California a Confederate veteran. He served him, to be displayed as one of the home, stables and polo fields to as a delegate to the Oklahoma be preserved for public enjoy- Constitutional Convention. Rog- two it has in the National Statuary ment as Will Rogers Historic ers County in Oklahoma is named Hall Collection of the United State Park in Pacific Palisades, in honor of him. He served sever- States Capitol. California. al terms in the Cherokee Senate. Rogers agreed on the condition Cherokee Nation Citizens Get New Photo ID Cards The Cherokee Nation is now issu- ian present to sign the card. Up- ing new photo tribal citizenship grading to a photo ID is free. Re- cards. Cherokee citizens can visit placement IDs are $5. the tribe’s registration department For more information visit the to get a valid photo ID, similar in website at the bottom of the box appearance to a driver’s license. or you may contact the Cherokee Citizens can still use their tradi- Nation Registration Department at tional blue registration cards, but [email protected]. or at they can upgrade to a photo ID by 918-458-6980 visiting the Cherokee Nation reg- istration office from 8:15 a.m.– noon and 1 p.m.–4:45 p.m. Mon- day-Friday at the W.W. Keeler Complex, 17067 S. Muskogee Ave. Children 12 and younger can also get a new photo blue card but must have a parent or legal guard- http://www.cherokee.org/Services/TribalCitizenship.aspx The May 1, 2018 PAGE 3 of 16

businessman and from 1975 to of Los Angels, Ventura, Santa 2015 as the executive director of Barbara, Orange, Riverside, San Ahmium Education. Inc. a non- Bernardino and San Diego. From profit 501(c)(3) educational or- the Chemehuevi Indian Reserva- Ernie C. Salgado Jr., Publisher/Editor: ganization that provided educa- tion located in the remote eastern Tribal Member, Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians tional service for the American region of San Bernardino County Email: [email protected] bordering on western Arizona on Indian Tribal Communities in Contributors Riverside and San Diego Coun- the Colorado River to the Santa

ties. Ynez Indian Reservation in Santa Kathy McNeeley, “The Cherokee Connection” Barbara County and to the east Along the way I earned an asso- Citizen of the Cherokee Nation ciate of science degree at Mt. San Diego County Indian Reser- Email: [email protected] Ernie C, Salgado Jr, Publisher/Editor San Jacinto College and a bache- vations of Campo, Manzanita and WELCOME to the first edition of lors and masters degrees in busi- La Posta. Keith Vasquez, Photojournalist “Tribal Sports Reporter” the American Indian Reporter. ness administration (MBA) at the The American Indian population Tribal Member, San Pasqual Band of Mission Indians The only tribal newspaper serving University of Redlands. in southern California is estimated Email: [email protected] the southern California Tribal I am a widower and was married at 200,000 according to the 2010 Communities which, covers an Shayne Del Cohen, Publisher of “Shayne’s Journal” to the same beautiful lady for U.S. census. area larger than many states. A Nevada based daily Internet blogger publication. over 51-years. God blessed us The southern California tribes, Email: [email protected] We are in the process of obtaining with two daughters, five grand- tribal organizations and urban a 501(c)((3) non-profit status and daughters, five great grand- tribal communities will have the Gary Ballard, Photographer and Web Master, will keep you updated on our pro- daughters and one great grand- option of distributing the newspa- American Indian Reporter and CAIIE.ORG. gress. son. per by U.S. mail, Internet or on First, let introduce myself to you. My extended family includes two site. It will also be emailed to all William E. Pommering, Proofreader My name is Ernie C. Salgado Jr., brothers, three sisters and aunts, our subscriber and posted monthly and I’m a tribal member of the uncles and cousins number in the at the web sites CALIE.ORG and Email Address for the American Indian Reporter: AmericanIndianReporter.org. Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians. hundreds. [email protected]

I was born and raised on the res- The primary goal of the Ameri- A well informed, educated and Websites: ervation and attended public can Indian Reporter is to provide active tribal community is a pow- American Indian Reporter schools in San Jacinto. the American Indian tribal com- erful force. CAIIE.ORG. I have been involved in tribal munity with a monthly publica- In summary, the reality is that like politics my entire adult life at the tion that has relevant information all good things it cost money to U.S. Mailing Address: local, state and federal level. on a local, state and national lev- produce, publish and distribute the American Indian Reporter Having served in the California el that may have an impact on American Indian Reporter. P.O. Box 366 Army National Guard from 1965 the tribal community. Without the sponsorship of the San Jacinto. CA. 92581 to 1971 and was on active duty It is to be all inclusive in serving American Indian Tribal govern- in 1966 I am a veteran the southern California American ments, American Indian Organiza- My extensive work experience Indian Tribes, American Indian tions and Urban Tribal Communi- Organizations and Urban Tribal ty the American Indian Reporter incudes working as a farm labor- PLEASE NOTES: er, professional barber, short Indian Communities. will have been a great idea. Anyone interested in contributing information, photos or order cook, bail bondsman, The distribution area will include Respectfully. writing an article please contact us at our email: bounty hunter, car salesman, the southern California Counties Ernie C. Salgado Jr., [email protected] To get your American Indian Reporter emailed to you please send us your email address at: [email protected] We can also mail you 20 to 40 copies by U.S. Postal Service. The number of copies will vary depending on the page count. To help cover the cost of mailing and publishing we are ask- ing $40 per month/$240 for six months. Please include you mailing address, name of contact person, phone number and email address with your check. Make check payable to: American Indian Reporter or AIR Mail to: American Indian Reporter P.O. Box 366 San Jacinto. CA. 92581

For larger quantities of 250 to 2,000 please contact us at: [email protected] Or at 951-217-7205 ask for Ernie Selection from Shayne Journal #4125 - April 2, 2018 New release, Killers of the Flower Moon is a must read. We Need Your Support 4-Ways to support the American Indian Reporter “Rez Dogs Eat Beans” was written by Gordon Johnson and is a must 1) Individual Sponsorship: read book of short stories of life on the Rez. He is a tribal member of the Pala By making a donation - Buy a Card Ad Band of Mission Indians. All thought the book was first published in 2001 it 2) Tribal, Business or Group Sponsorship: is attracting a new group of readers. By making an annual financial contribution. Johnson was a staff writer for the Riverside Press-Enterprise. He attended UC Buy an Ad Santa Cruz and UC Berkeley. He is gifted storyteller. 3) Business Advertisement: By buying space to promote your business or event. Robert Freeman from the Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians contributed the 4) Contributing your news. artwork illustrations for the book. Freeman is an award winning artist and his

early works of “Rubber Arrows” and other cartoon publications were very popular. Monthly Advertisement Space Fees Camera Ready Copies of the book can be purchased on-line at Barns & Noble or Amazon. Full Page: 10x20 inches (200 sq inches) $400 1/2 Page: 10x10 inches (100 sq inches) “The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian.” Above the fold: $250 Below the fold $225 5x20 inches (100 sq inches) $250 -Vertical Sherman Joseph Alexie, Jr. (bor n October 7, 1/4 Page: 5x10 or 10x5 inches (50 sq inches) $150 1966) is a Spokane-Coeur d'Alene-American Indi- an and grew up on the Spokane Indian reservation Horizontal or Vertical in the State of Washington and now lives in Seat- 1/8 Page 5x5 or 2.5x10 inches (25 sq inches) $85 tle. He is novelist, short story writer, poet, and Individual Business Card $20 filmmaker. Much of his writing draws on his expe- Annual Discount Rates Available riences as an Indigenous American with ancestry from several tribes. He grew up on the Spokane [email protected] Indian Reservation . One of his best-known books is The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven (1993), a collection of short stories. It was adapted as the film Smoke Signals (1998), for which he also wrote the screenplay. His first novel Reservation Blues received one of the fifteen 1996 American Book Awards. His first young adult novel, The A bsolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian (2007), is a semi-autobiographical novel that won the 2007 U.S. National Book Award for Young People's Literature and the Odyssey Award as best 2008 audiobook for young people. His 2009 collection of short stories and poems, W ar Dances, won the 2010 PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction. The May 1, 2018 PAGE 4 of 16

U.S. Supreme Court Sets Historic Indian Water Rights Precedent In Agua Caliente Water Rights

On Monday, November 27, 2017 interests of the community the U.S. Supreme Court an-through this lawsuit and any ef- nounced it would not review a forts to divvy up local groundwa- lower-court decision in which the ter rights.” Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla To help clarify the tribal legal Indians was granted rights to Water Rights, Barton H. “Buzz” groundwater beneath the tribe’s Thompson, an expert on water reservation in the Coachella Val- law, a professor of natural re- ley. sources at Stanford Law School A federal judge ruled in 2015 that and a senior fellow at the Woods the tribe had a right to the Institute for the Environment was groundwater, a decision that was consulted on the case. His views upheld by the 9th Circuit Court are important in understanding of Appeals earlier this year. The courts ruled that the tribe gained the rights to the water when its reservation was created in the late 1870s. The tribe successfully sued the Desert Water Agency and the Coachella Valley Water District The 36-hole Mountain Vista golf course in Palm Desert features expansive greens and lush water in 2013, claiming that the agen- cies degraded water quality by use-it-or-lose-it provision. But The Supreme Court, however, have any bearing on the case. over-drafting the aquifer. that has never been an element of said that the Indian tribes enjoyed Because the water rights is the The agency and district appealed, federally reserved water rights. federal rights. And again, those right of the Indian tribe, not the but with their petition denied Barton H. “Buzz” Thompson Indian tribes always have the federal rights are superior to any federal government. So the feder- right to begin using federally state rights attained subsequent to al government does not have Monday by the Supreme Court, the water rights of the American reserved water, even if they have creation of the reservation. So the authority to waive the the next legal proceedings will Indian tribes. involve deciding how the ground- never used their water before. that permitted the Indian tribe to tribe’s right. In fact, the federal Why is this case significant? Bar- effectively take precedence over government has a fiduciary obli- water supplies are to be divided A 2007 study by the U.S. Geo- ton H. Thompson: This case is those state water-right holders gation to represent the tribe and between the tribe and the Desert logical Survey showed that the important because it will help who were objecting to the Indian to support the tribe. So if the fed- Water Agency and the Coachella entire Coachella Valley, includ- clarify what water rights, if any, tribes withdrawals of water from eral government did not protect ing Palm Springs, Palm Desert Indian tribes enjoy in groundwa- the river. tribes water rights, it could be and Indian Wells, had sunk by as ter as a matter of federal law. The sued by the tribe for violating its much as a foot in some places It’s interesting that the govern- federal government has held that fiduciary obligations. (Soboba is due to groundwater overdraft. ment, and the Supreme Court, Indian tribes enjoy federal rights one tribe that sued and won.) recognized this Indian right to – what are frequently known as The Agua Caliente tribe now water so early on. Is that because Thompson: I think we have Winters Rights to water for use wants a role in managing the re- water is essential to life? Barton H. very little sense of what positions on their reservations (arising gion’s groundwater. Thompson: I think there were the Trump administration will from Winters v. U.S., a 1908 What was the significance of Win- two things that strongly motivat- take with respect to American Supreme Court case). The feder- ters v. U.S. in 1908? Barton H. ed the Supreme Court in the Win- Indian Tribal rights. I could easi- al government has also held that Thompson: In 1908 the U.S. ters case. The first thing was the ly imagine the Trump administra- other federal reservations, like Supreme Court voted 8–1 that recognition that a lot of Indian tion could be quite supportive of national parks or national forests, when the federal government set reservations are useless without the American Indian Tribes that also enjoy a similar form of fed- aside the Indian reservations for water. And so if, in fact, Indian are interested in developing their eral reserved water rights. American Indian tribes, the feder- tribes want to develop viable natural resources. Agua Caliente, Chairman al government also implicitly The Water Districts claim the tribe economies, they need water to Jeff L. Grubbe reserved sufficient water to meet I’m thinking specifically of the might somehow disrupt responsi- do it. ble management of the region’s the needs of those reservations. Crow Reservation in Montana. The second thing is that I think The Crow Nation has been very Valley Water District. groundwater. Is there any reason The tribal “Winters Rights” are motivated them is that federal interested in developing its coal to be concerned about that? Bar- superior to any and all state- The agencies denounced the deci- treaties with Indians are meant resources. It seems unlikely that a ton H. Thompson: I have sever- recognized water rights that sion in a joint statement, saying it to be interpreted in ways which Clinton administration would al thoughts on that. Indian tribes arose subsequent to the creation gives the tribe “unprecedented” are favorable to the Indian have been particularly receptive around the United States have of the Indian reservation. control over the groundwater. tribes. And if you stop to ask the frequently managed their water to the Crow Nation’s interest in “We are disappointed in the deci- The Winters case dealt with the question, when Indian tribes quite well. And if that is a con- developing its coal, because of sion because we believe the water Fort Belknap Reservation in agreed to give up large territories cern, then the answer is for the concerns about climate change. in this valley is a shared resource northern Montana. The Indian in favor of the reservation to federal government to ensure One can imagine the Trump ad- that belongs to everyone.” tribe had decided to begin new which they were relegated, is it ministration being actively help- Coachella Valley district board ful to the Crow Nation. President, John Powell Jr. said. Until now, 109 years after ‘Winters vs U.S.’ the Supreme Court “The tribe has always had access has never explicitly addressed the question as to whether any of The other thing I would say is, to as much water as they request- American Indian Tribes are not ed, but now they have secured a those rights – either “Winters Rights” or other forms of federal- monolithic in what they want to water right that is superior to ly reserved water rights – apply to groundwater. And the states do, or in their position on various every other resident and business issues. So again, it’s very diffi- in the Coachella Valley.” and lower courts have taken divergent positions on cult to think about how President Trump, who is a New Yorker, The agencies said the ruling that question. Many Tribal Leaders refer to the “Winter Rights” may approach various American could make local groundwater as the “Winter Doctrine.” Indian issues. management problematic, as the tribe is a private entity and not We know he has had some expe- agriculture operations – specifi- really reasonable to assume they rience with Tribal Governments bound by “state sustainability they have the resources to man- cally, growing sugar beets. But gave up the water that was neces- in connection with gaming casi- laws”; predicted “a lengthy and age the groundwater effectively. expensive legal process for all there were other water users who sary to utilize those reservations? nos. He probably viewed them as water users in the Coachella Val- Legally speaking, does it matter if claimed state water rights and If you stop to think about that, competitors. a tribe has never used who were senior to the date when you almost inevitably have to ley”; and said “rates will likely This is a historical Supreme its groundwater? Barton H. the Indian tribe began to develop conclude that the tribes would not increase as water availability Court decision for the American Thompson: No. Winters rights, its new agricultural system. So have given up the water neces- becomes more limited.” Indian Tribes. The amount of as well as other federally re- those water rights holders sary to use those reservations. “This case could completely served water rights, are not lost water the tribes are entitled is change water management in our claimed that as a matter of state Will the change in presidential going to be a significant issue for by failure to use it. area.” Desert Water Agency law, they enjoyed superior rights administration have any influence the courts to decide. board President, Jim Cioffi said. The doctrine of prior appropria- to the Indian tribe. on this case? Barton H. Thomp- “We will continue to protect the tion in Western states does have a son: I think that it is unlikely to Officers of Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Tribal Council is pictured on the right. The Agua Caliente (Hot Water) tribe is one of the most progressive tribes in the nation. The majority of the lands the City of Palms Springs is located is owned and leased by the tribe or by individual tribal members. The tribal also has two gaming Jeff L. Grubbe Larry N. Olinger Vincent Gonzalez III Anthony Andreas III Reid D. Milanovich casinos and resort hotels in the area. Chairman Vice- Chairman Secretary/Treasurer Member Member

The May 1, 2018 PAGE 5 of 16

Tribal Leadership, Today, Yesterday & Tomorrow

Rincon Tribal Chairman RUPERT & JEANETTE COSTO Rupert Costo (1906-1989) and Bo Mazzetti his beloved wife, Jeannette Henry Costo (1909-2001) spent saw the desperate need to improve reservation their adult lives advocating on roads and transportation in a cost-effective man- behalf of American Indians. ner to better serve the tribal communities. Jeannette Henry Costo, was a He has served as a Board member on the Cali- reporter for The New Y ork fornia Department of Transportation’s Native Times, the Detroit Free Press, American Advisory Committee since 1999. and The Plain Dealer, in 1954. Chairman Mazzetti was previously employed by Mrs. Costo was a Cherokee the Bureau of Indian Affairs Southern California Indian and a Native American Agency in Riverside. activist in her own right. RINCON TRIBAL COUNCIL "They both had a passionate He is a member of the Rincon San Luiseno interest in championing the Band of Mission Indians and has previously causes of education, and an served on the Rincon Tribal Council. Mazzetti even greater interest in cham- is/has been one of the two Rincon delegates to pioning the causes of Native the San Luis Rey Water Authority Board, a con- Americans." Jim Erickson sortium of the La Jolla, Pala. Pauma, San said of them, a former UCR Vice Chancellor and a longtime friend Pasqual and Rincon Tribes. The Water Authori- of the Costo’s. ty was created to initiate a successful litigation Rupert Costo was tribal member of the Cahuilla tribe near Anza, Califor- Bo Mazzetti is currently serving as the Tribal to protect the five tribes’ water rights. nia. A fine athlete in his youth, Rupert Costo briefly played semiprofes- Chairman for the Rincon Band of Luiseno Indi- Mazzetti is a former Board member to the Rin- sional basketball. ans. His education, business experience and con Economic Development Board. He was the extensive knowledge of tribal issues allows him During the late 1920s, he attended Riverside City College along with Indian Community Affairs and Citizen Assis- to provide the traditional cultural values and classmate John Gabbert, who ultimately became a Superior Court Judge. tance Officer for San Diego County. He has professional leadership for the tribe. Following his time at Riverside Community College, Costo attended served as a delegate to the California Nations Whittier College and then the University of Nevada. He then worked Upon his graduation from Orange Glen High Indian Gaming Association. successfully as a highway engineer, hydrologist, meteorologist, and sur- School in Escondido, California he attended La He is also a very successful businessman. He veyor before becoming a historian, author, publisher, researcher, and Verne College on a football scholarship. He has owned and operated Mazzetti and Company, speaker. later transferred and graduated from California a reservation–based general building, engineer- Polytechnic University with a Bachelor of Sci- He served for over twenty-years on the Cahuilla Tribal Council and eight ing and well drilling company since 1979. For a ence degree in behavioral science. -years as tribal spokesman for the Cahuilla Band. He also served as a brief period, he constructed motion picture sets lobbyist fighting for Native American land rights for two years in Wash- He served in the United States Navy that includ- for Columbia and Paramount Pictures in Holly- ington, D.C. and was a member of the American Indian Federation in the ing two tours of duty in Vietnam. As a military wood. late 1930s. veteran he is also active in supporting other vet- Chairman Mazzetti is also one of the two the erans He helped found an electrical cooperative in Anza, the Anza Soil Conser- Southern California Tribal Representatives on vation District, and the Riverside Farm Bureau. He was a key member of the Executive team for the California Governors Advisory Council. the Southern California Reservation Transporta- Using his influence with the other State Tribal COSTO CHAIR: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE tion Authority (RTA), a tribal consortium of leaders he provided the leadership for the estab- His extensive personal library documenting the Native American experi- federally recognized Indian tribes in Southern lishment of the California Tribal Chairmen’s ence in the United States was donated to the University of California Riv- California. Chairman, Mazzetti played a major Association, Inc. The membership of the organi- erside Libraries in May 1986. role in the establishment of the RTA, when he, zation consist of 85 of the States 105 Federally The Costo Chair in American Indian History at the University of Califor- along with several tribal government leaders recognized Tribal Governments. nia, Riverside, was named in his honor. COSTO FOUNDATIONS The Indian Historian Press Dr. Katherine Siva Saubel American Indian Historical Society Costo Library of the American Indian and Costo Archive March 7, 1920 – November 1, 2011 Costo Chair of American Indian Affairs Katherine Siva Saubel Pamela Munro of UCLA, and served as COSTO BOOKS was truly an authentic co-author with Munro on Chem’i’vullu: Natives of the Golden State: The California Indians (1995) American Indian Tribal Let’s Speak Cahuilla, published by Indian Voices: The Native American Today (1974) woman, a scholar, edu- UCLA in 1981. The Missions of California: A Legacy of Genocide (1987) cator, tribal leader, au- Indian Treaties: Two Centuries of Dishonor (1977) Starting in 1964, She worked on Cahuil- thor, and activist com- A Thousand Years of American Indian Storytelling (1981) la language research with linguist Pro- mitted to preserving her fessor Hansjakob Seiler of the University Cahuilla history, culture and language. Her efforts fo- of Cologne, Germany, to do further work cused on preserving the language of the Cahuilla. She is Year in 1986. In 1987, she was recognized as "Elder of on providing an authentic written translation of the Ca- acknowledged nationally and internationally as one of the Year" by the California State Indian Museum. Gover- huilla language that had previously existed only in spo- California’s most respected American Indian leaders. nor Jerry Brown appointed her to the California Native ken form. Their work resulted in the publication of both American Heritage Commission in 1982. In this capacity She received an honorary PhD in philosophy from La a Cahuilla reference grammar and dictionary. She also she has worked to preserve sacred sites and protect Indi- Sierra University, Riverside, California, and was award- published her own dictionary, I’sniyatam Designs, a an remains. ed the Chancellor’s Medal, the highest honor bestowed Cahuilla Word Book. Her work includes several authen- by the University of California at the University of Cali- tic transcriptions and English translations of Cahuilla She taught Cahuilla history, literature, and culture at UC fornia, Riverside. folklore. Riverside, UCLA, California State University Hayward, the University of Cologne, and Hachinohe University in Dr. Katherine Siva Saubel was an enrolled member of Jane Penn, a cultural leader on the Malki Cahuilla reser- Japan. Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and vation near Banning, California (which was renamed served as their tribal chairperson. She was the eighth of Morongo Reservation), had conceived in 1958 of open- In 2004 her book, Isill Heqwas Waxizh: A Dried Coy- eleven children and grew up speaking only the Cahuilla ing a reservation museum where she could display her ote's Tail, co-authored with Cahuilla, Cupeno, Luiseño, language until she entered school at age seven. Her extensive collection of Cahuilla artifacts and create a and Serrano linguist Dr. Eric Elliot, was published by mother, Melana Sawaxell, could only speak Cahuilla. cultural preservation center for the reservation. Malki Museum Press. Her father, Juan C. Siva, eventually mastered four lan- With the help of Lowell John Bean, who was an anthro- HER AWARDS INCLUDE: guages: Cahuilla, Spanish, Latin, and English. pology graduate student at that time, and the support of While in high school, Katherine became troubled when Penn's husband Elmer and Katherine's husband Mariano,  First Recipient of the Smithsonian Institution National she found that as she spoke Cahuilla to her friends, they the group obtained non-profit status for the Malki Muse- Museum of the American Indian Art and Culture would respond back to her in English. She worried that um on the Morongo Indian Reservation near Banning, Award (1994) her people were losing their language. She began writing California. Malki Museum, the first nonprofit museum  California State Indian Museum – Elder of the Year down the names and uses of the plants and herbs she on an Indian reservation opened its doors to the public in (1987)[5]:152 learned from her mother as she gathered with her. February 1965, and continues to display artifacts from  The Desert Protective Council Award prehistoric to this day. This notebook later became Temalpakh: (From the  YWCA Woman of Achievement Award (Riverside Earth) Cahuilla Indian knowledge and usage of plants The Malki Press, the museum's publishing arm, pur- County, California) that she collaborated on with anthropologist Dr. Lowell chased Ballena Press from authors, Lowell John Bean  Bridge To Peace Award John Bean for ten years and was published by Malki Mu- and Sylvia Brakke Vane, enabling the museum to contin- seum's Malki Press in 1972. Temalpakh demonstrates the ue to publish scholarly works on Southern California's  Latino and Native American Hall of Fame (Riverside, depth of Dr. Saubel’s expertise in the Cahuilla culture, Native Americans. California) and the second major focus of her scholarship: native Dr. Saubel’s research has appeared internationally in  First Recipient of the California Indian Heritage ethnobotany, the study of the plant lore and agricultural government, academic and museum publications. Her Preservation Award by the Society for California Ar- customs of a people or specific ethnic group. Dr. Saubel knowledge of Cahuilla ethnobotany and tribal affairs has chaeology (2000) was an expert on the unique uses Cahuilla made of plants prompted state and federal legislative committees to seek  Indian of the Year – California Indian Conference such as mesquite, screw bean, oak, acorn, datura, and out her testimony. Past and current governors of Califor- (2000) others. nia have honored her, and she has been appointed to nu-  First Native American woman inducted into the Na- In 1962, Dr. Saubel worked with the professor of Ameri- merous commissions and agencies. tional Women's Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls, New can linguistics, William Bright, on his studies of the Ca- Dr. Saubel served on the Riverside County Historical York (1993) huilla language and as he prepared several publications. Commission, which selected her County Historian of the She also taught classes with Bright and with professor The May 1, 2018 PAGE 6 of 16

Mission Statement To provide an Educational, Career, Traditional Culturally Relevant, Mental Health and Supportive Services to the In- dividdual American Indian and their families throughout San Diego and Imperial Counties.

SCAIR Training Participants and staff take part in a round dance at the Annual SCAIR Family Gathering. “Help Us, Help People”

ticipants were able to gain secure and meaningful employment.

In 2017 SCAIR provided services to 266 individuals. 190 of these individuals were female and 76 were male. 52 Elders were impacted by SCAIR’s services and 97 youth (K-12). Through SCAIR’s career services 25 Par- SCAIR provides a

12 133

16

11 510 13 19 13

The May 1, 2018 PAGE 7 of 16

“Why an American Indian & Alaskan “I am also of American Indian heritage and Indian War right up to the Middle East. Native Memorial? have been an entertainer most of my life. I During WWI, WWII and the Korean War, There is no federal memorial honoring have entertained with the U.S.O. since 2001 over 111,000 American Indians fought for and over the years I have had the privilege of American Indians and Alaska Native Vet- their land, our country. erans. It is time to recognize their contri- meeting many men and women in the military One in four indigenous adult males serves butions to our freedom. Help us build an and have the upmost respect for them and in the military – the U.S.’ highest percent- American Indian Veterans Monument at their service. I believe all veterans have earned the right to be remembered. “ age of service. Riverside National Cemetery. “Please Join us in supporting the American Before gaining the rights of citizenship or What is unique about this Memorial? Indian and Alaskan Native Memorial that will of voting, American Indians and Alaskan 100% of all donations for the American be built at Riverside National Cemetery. Natives served during World War I. It is Indian Alaska Native Veterans Memorial often said that their military service led is applied to the construction and perpetu- With All Due Respect, Wayne Newton the way to citizenship for all tribal mem- al maintenance for the monument. bers by the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924. Also called the Snyder Act. Let’s remember American Indian Alaskan Counties has the largest number of Amer- an, and the Prisoner of War / Missing in Native veterans at the Riverside National ican Indians than any U.S. major subur- Action Memorial. Help us build an Amer- During World War I, In France, there Cemetery – alongside the other warriors ban area. There are over a 100,000 L.A. ican Indian Veterans Memorial here. The were Indian military men who spoke 26 who fought and served with them. area American Indian veterans. Veterans Legacy Program shares the sto- American Indian languages and dialects. Eighteen Choctaw soldiers served as ra- Why Riverside National Cemetery? Riverside National Cemetery is the third ries of Veterans through the legacy en- shrined in our national cemeteries. River- diomen –other tribes’ soldiers were also The Los Angeles National Cemetery can largest national cemetery in the country. side National Cemetery is the only west enlisted to communicate in their lan- no longer arrange for burial sites on its Currently negotiations are underway to coast National Cemetery to host the Lega- guages. These were the first “Code Talk- sacred grounds as there is not space to increase its land base which will make it cy Program. ers.” accommodate additional graves. the largest. Its annual rate of interments already far exceeds any other National Historical Points During WW II , the Marines trained ap- Veterans from Los Angeles, Orange, San proximately 400 Navajos as “Code Talk- cemetery. Our country has over 500 different tribes Bernardino and Imperial Counties are ers at Camp Pendleton, California. Their The Riverside National Cemetery has and villages directed to Riverside National Cemetery. service in the Pacific is well known and three major memorials honoring military The suburban area of Los Angeles, River- American Indians have fought in every well honored. Many other tribes served as veterans -- the Medal of Honor, the Veter- side, San Bernardino and San Diego U.S. military conflict, from the French & “Code Talkers” as well.

The vision of the American Indian Alaska Native Veterans Memorial

 One of every four Indian males serves as a military Veteran. Indians

  

 Willie Lyons Jr., from the Morongo Indian Reservation,   Specialist E4, Joseph Pink from the Pala Indian Reservation and  PFC, Victor Mesa from the Jamul Indian Village in East San Diego County.



David

Dennis James Chag Lowry Yurek, Mountain Mai- du and Pit River Native American Ancestry, Poway, CA; Author The Original Patriots 1st volume, Northern California Indian Veterans of World War Two, 2nd volume, California Indian Vet- erans of the Korean War and 3rd volume to be published in 2017, The Forgotten Doughboys; Phone 707.496.2407 E-Mail [email protected] May 1, 2018 TheThe PAGE 8 of 16

Memorial Day & D-Day: An America Indian View By Ernie C. Salgado Jr. Memorial Day and D-Day have special Childers Lt. Jack Montgomery, Lt. Van Reese was killed while trying to return to OTHER AMERICAN INDIAN HEROS meanings: Memorial Day because it is the Barfoot, John Resse Jr., Ron Harmon and the American lines; he was posthumously Maj. Gen. Clarence Tinker, (Osage) day we pay our respects to all the veterans Ernest Edwin Evens. awarded the Medal of Honor eight months that were killed in action and to those that later, on October 19, 1945. Private Rodri- A career pilot, was the Lt. Ernest Childers (Creek), was born have passed on. And D-Day has a special guez survived the battle and was also highest ranking Indian February 1, 1918 in Broken Arrow, Okla- meaning to me because my dad (Ernie Sr.) awarded the Medal of Honor. in the armed forces at homa, A Muscogee (Creek), he graduated and Sam Powvall from the Pauma Indian the beginning of the from the Chilocco Indian Agricultural Sergeant Ron W. Harmon ( Creek) Reservation were together on June 6, 1944 war. He died leading a School in north-central joined the Army on from his home town in for the invasion of Normandy, France, flight of bombers in the Oklahoma. He was the Pixley, California. On July 1, 1944, he then later on to the “Battle of the Bulge” Pacific during the Battle first American Indian to was serving as a Sergeant in Company C, and on to Berlin, Germany. of Midway. earn the Medal of Hon- 362nd Infantry Regi- Memorial Day and D-Day are only days or since the Indian ment, 91st Infantry Admiral Joseph J. "Jocko" Clark, apart and many American patriots view Wars of the 19th centu- Division. On that day, (Cherokee) was the them as one. We often hear of the 'greatest ry. near Casaglia, Italy he first American Indian generation' in reference to Memorial Day single handedly at- to graduate from An- He first distinguished himself in Sicily, - on May 29 dating back to the civil war and tacked three German napolis, participated in Italy where he was awarded a battlefield positions which were carrier battles in the D-Day in reference to the WW II military commission. Later in Italy, unaided and firing on a friendly Pacific and became an invasion of Normandy, France on June 6, despite severe wounds, he destroyed three 1944 that let to the occupation of Berlin, platoon. He destroyed one position and admiral. German machine gun emplacements. Germany and the end of WWII. despite being wounded on his approach, Over 2,000 American Indians from Okla- Childers reached the rank of lieutenant continued to silence another. He was homa and New Mexico trained and fought Also, Flag Day on June 14 every year is Colonel before retiring from the Army in killed while attacking the third position. as part of the 45th Infantry Division often overshadowed by D-Day and the 4th 1966. He died at age 87 and was buried at of July. He was posthumously awarded the Medal known as the "Thunderbirds". They saw Floral Haven Memorial Gardens in his of Honor a year later on October 2, 1945. almost two years of combat in Italy and Even less notice is accorded the contribu- birthplace of Broken Arrow, Oklahoma. Harmon was buried at the Florence Amer- Central Europe. tions of our American Indian Warriors (SEE BELOW) Lt. Jack C. Montgomery, ican Cemetery in Florence, Italy. courage and commitment in the many mil- IRA HAYES, IS THE MOST FAMOUS who also earned the Medal of Honor in itary conflicts of the Nation over the 250 Comdr. Ernest E. Evens (Cherokee/ AMERICAN INDIAN OF WW II World War II for service in Italy, graduat- years. Why is this? Especially since Amer- Creek) was born in Pawnee, Oklahoma. ed from same school as Childers, the Corporal, Ira Hamilton Hayes, and five ican Indians have voluntarily participated He graduated from the United States Na- Chilocco Indian Agricultural School in other U.S. Marines were photographed on in every military effort to establish and val Academy in 1931. north-central Oklahoma. February 23, 1945 by Joe Rosenthal. defend this land and people for all Ameri- In 1941 he was as- “Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima” ca. The American Indians courage and 1st Lt. Jack Montgomery (Cherokee), signed to the destroy- achievements examples from both theaters During the Anzio, er Alden, and was The photograph became a famous iconic of WW II is well documented but too of- Italy military Cam- serving on her in the winning the Pulitzer Prize for Photography and came to be regarded in the United ten historically ignored. paign he single- East Indies when the handedly attacked a Japanese attacked States as one of the most significant and German stronghold Pearl Harbor on De- recognizable photograph taken during killing eleven of cember 7, 1941. WW II. It depicts six United States Ma- rines raising the American flag atop of the enemy and tak- He became commanding officer of Alden Mount Suribachi on the island of Iwo Ji- ing thirty-three on March 14, 1942, and held that position ma. prisoners. Lt. Jack until July 7, 1943. While serving on Montgomery also graduated from the Uni- Alden he participated in operations in and versity of Redlands, California. around Australia, New Guinea and the Coronel Van Barfoot (Choctaw), was Dutch East Indies. also at the Anzio Campaign in Italy where In mid-1943 Evans was then ordered to he knocked out two machine gun nests and duty in charge of fitting out the Fletcher- captured seventeen prisoners. He then class destroyer Johnston at the Seattle- During the second World War, the U.S. went on to defeat three German tanks and Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation in Seat- military recruited American Indian from carried two of his wounded men to safety. tle, Washington. Commander Evans as- several different Tribes from trough out All of these exploits reinforced the sumed command of Johnston at her com- the country for their unique tribal lan- "warrior" image. missioning on October 27, 1943. guages for usage as a battlefield code. Barfoot had been On October 25, 1944 as commanding of- The Navajo “Code Talkers” became the awarded a combat field ficer of the U.S.S. Johnston, against major most celebrated and publicized of the ra- commission prior to his units of the Japanese fleet during the battle dio units. They were assigned to the U.S. action in Italy. He went off Samar he was first to lay a Marines Corps "elite" fighters. on to serve in Korea smokescreen and to open fire on a vastly Three of the six Marines depicted in the The Navajos “Code Talkers” were formed and Vietnam and re- superior forces in number, firepower and photograph, Sergeant, Michael Strank, as unique Special all-Navajo Marine tired as a Coronel. armor as they rapidly approached. Corporal, Harlon Block, and Private First Corps signal units that encoded messages Class, Franklin Sousley were killed in in their native language. Taking advantage The next time some political moron like former CA action over the next few days. The three of the flexibility and range of the Navajo surviving flag-raisers were Corporals (tat language, they worked out translations of Gov. Snotsnegger spouts the age old rhetoric that the risk of his life above and beyond the military and naval terms so that orders and the American Indians need to pay their fair share, call of duty hen Private First Class) Rene instructions could be transmitted by voice Gagnon, Ira Hayes, and Harold Schultz. over the radio in a code the Japanese were let them know that we have already paid it forward. Hayes was born on January 12, 1923 at never able to break. The “Code Talkers” Sacaton on the Gila River Indian Reserva- were assigned to each of the Marine After his retirement from the military he Comdr. Evans gallantly diverted the pow- tion in south central Arizona. Corps' six Pacific divisions. moved to a retirement community in Hen- erful blasts of hostile guns from the lightly Ira Hayes left high school after complet- They were used first in late 1942 on Gua- rico County, Virginia to be near his armed and armored carriers under his pro- ing two years of study. On August 26, dalcanal. By war's end, over 400 Navajos daughter. In December 2009, the home- tection, launching the first torpedo attack 1942 at the age of 19 he enlisted in the had served as “Code Talkers”. Untold owners' association (HOA) of the Sussex when the Johnston came under straddling U.S. Marine Corps Reserve at Phoenix, thousands of Marines owe their lives to Square, where Barfoot lived ordered him Japanese shellfire. Arizona. Following boot camp at the Ma- the Navajo Code Talkers. to remove the flagpole from which he flew Undaunted by damage sustained under the rine Corps Recruit Depot at San Diego. the U.S. flag. terrific volume of fire, he unhesitatingly Hayes was assigned to the Parachute The HOA bylaws didn’t forbid flagpoles, joined others of his group to provide fire Training School at Camp Gillespie, Ma- but the HOA ruled Barfoot, then aged 90, support during subsequent torpedo attacks rine Corps Base in San Diego, CA. Upon would not be allowed to use it "for aes- against the Japanese. Outshooting and completion he was sent into combat. thetic reasons." outmaneuvering the enemy as he consist- Ira Hayes died on January 24, 1955 at the ently interposed his vessel between the Barfoot contested the order, and received age of 32 almost ten-years after the fa- hostile fleet units and our carriers despite support from politicians, including Virgin- mous flag raising on Mount Suribachi on the crippling loss of engine power and ia Senators Mark Warner and Jim Webb the island of Iwo Jima. and White House Press Secretary Robert communications with steering aft, shifted Gibbs. The HOA dropped its request on command to the fantail, shouted steering orders through an open hatch to men turn- The American Indians Code Talkers was December 8, 2009. not limited to the Navajo Tribal members ing the rudder by hand and battled furious- even though they were the most publi- Pfc. John Resse Jr. (Comanche) was ly until the Johnston, burning and shud- cized. The Assiniboine, Cherokee, Choc- from Pryor, Oklahoma. dering from a mortal blow, lay dead in the taw, Comanche, Meskwaki, and Seminole On February 9, 1945 he water after 3 hours of fierce combat. Tribal members also served as Code Talk- was serving as a private Seriously wounded early in the engage- ers. first class in the Philip- pines. when an attack on ment, Comdr. Evans, by his indomitable Six American Indians the Paco Railroad Sta- courage and brilliant professional skill, were awarded the Con- tion hit and Reese and aided materially in turning back the enemy gressional Medal of Hon- fellow soldier Private during a critical phase of the action. or in recognition for their Cleto L. Rodriguez went ahead of their His valiant fighting spirit throughout this bravery and many other unit, took a position closer to the station, historic battle was beyond the Call of Duty distinguished themselves and began firing on the Japanese defend- and will venture as an inspiration to all as well. The six Congres- ers. Together they killed over eighty Japa- who served with him. sional Medal of Honor nese soldiers before a shortage of ammu- He was posthumously awarded the Medal recipient were: Lt. Ernest nition forced them to turn back. of Honor. The May 1, 2018 PAGE 9 of 16

Veterans Memorial Education Center

In 2003, after some years of lobbying, the National Park Service and the Vi- etnam Veterans Memorial Fund won permission from Congress to build the Veterans Education Center at The Wall. The two-story 37,000-square-foot, Education Center, located below- ground just west of the Maya Lin- designed memorial, highlights the his- tory of the Vietnam War and the mul- tiple design competitions and artworks which make up the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Vietnam Women's Memo- rial and the Memorial Plaque. The center will also provide biograph- ical details on and photographs of many of the 58,000 names listed on the Wall as well as the more than 6,600 service members killed since 2001 fighting the War on Terrorism. Labor of Love

Janna Hoehn currently lives in Hawaii and is a former resident of Hemet, CA. She became involved in the Viet Nam Memorial Education Center Pro- ject in 2014 in her adopted State of Hawaii with the collection of photo- graphs of the Native Ha- waiians that lost their lives or were Missing in Action dur- ing the Viet Nam War. And having grown up in Hemet and going to school with many of the American Indians she took on the challenge of collecting the photo- graphs of the 232 American Indians and Alaskan Natives that were killed or MIA in Viet Nam. She is still having some difficulty lo- cating photographs of many of the Warriors named on the adjacent list. She is asking for anyone that has or knows of anyone that has a photo- graph of any of the Warriors listed to contact her at the email address below: [email protected] Her dedication doesn’t stop with the collection of the photos. In way of example, Joseph Pink was not listed as an American Indian and because she knew Joe from her high school days she gathered the evidence of his tribal affiliation to insure his name was listed. AIR thanks you Janna

The May 1, 2018 PAGE 10 of 16

“Forgotten Warriors” The Mission Indian Federation First, I want to thank reservation cial needs. friends and my fellow Soboba The Federation challenged the Band of Luiseno Indians tribal Government on many fronts. One members for their support even if example was the Indian hospital my views don’t always coincide located on the Soboba Indian with many of their own. Since Reservation. The Federation lob- my political orientation trends to bied long and hard for the estab- lean toward the conservative side. lishment of a health care facility. Basically I believe that the tribe The hospital was opened in 1927 has the right to self governance, and closed in 1947. Again, the Home Rule or Tribal Sovereignty Federation was incremental with whichever semantics you prefer the shutting down of the hospital. and in the individual rights of After years of filling grievances each tribal member. on the substandard medical ser- I don’t believe we need the over- vices and the apathy and indiffer- sight of the Federal Government ence of the medical staff toward to regulating how we should the tribal people and the untold manage our communities or fami- loss of lives the hospital was lies. I believe that should be our closed. And not one administrator own right. I also believe that we or medical provider were ever have a traditional responsibility held accountable. to our fellow tribal brothers and The organization held regular sisters to be held responsible for membership meetings that were our actions. cause the organization was force sands of Indians who served in tribes to even understand the con- well attended yet the locations My conservative beliefs stem for to operate clandestinely due to the armed forces during World cept. and times of the meetings were my basic upbringing as a Mission held in the strictest confidence. the political persecution, harass- War I. Historically, the California Indi- Indian Federation Indian. Alt- ment and oppression by the Bu- While the Fourteenth Amend- ans were consigned as “Wards of Water rights was s major concern hough my mother was not an reau of Indian Affairs and their ment to the United States Consti- the Government” from the begin- of the Federation. They assisted American Indian she grew up on tribal supporters which have been tution defined as citizens any ning as California became the many southern California Tribes the Soboba Indian Reservation dubbed “BIA Indians.” person born in the U.S., the 31st State on September 9, 1850. with filed law suits against the and as such was supportive of the The Mission Indian Federation amendment had been interpreted Government for negligence of doctrine of the Federation. Several bills were introduced into (MIF) was formed around 1910 to restrict the citizenship rights of duties of protecting the tribes “Because they were fair and they Congress during the 1880s which and formally chartered in 1920 most Native people. water rights and against local cared about the people” she said sought relief for the “Mission and became one of the strongest water agencies for infringement many times. My father had little Indians” proved unsuccessful. advocate for the southern Califor- on their water resources. chose since he lived with his The Dawes Act of 1887 which nia tribal people over the follow- However, the Governments legal grandparents, Jose and Juana provided for the allotment of res- ing 40-years. strategy was to stall any court “Apapas” Silvas who were strong ervation lands further imperiled proceedings which they imple- supports of the Federation. As a result of the Federation’s their homes. mented successfully. The Soboba influence within the southern Finally under legislation passed water litigation was settled after California tribes the Bureau of in January of 1891 a commission 67 years and after an additional Indian Affairs became so threaten chaired by Albert K. Smiley, an - 20 years it has still not been fi- that it pushed the U.S. Attorney influential Redlands Community - nalized. General to investigate the activi- Leader was empaneled to study ties of the organization. the problems of the California The resent Supreme Court land- On April 22, 1921 a federal Mission Indians. Their final rec- mark decision on the water rights Grand Jury in Los Angeles, Cali- ommendation resulted in the es- of the Auga Caliente tribe proved fornia filed federal indictments tablishment of 30 reservations in the Federation to be correct in (NOTE: T he Bolshevistic' doc- against fifty-seven (57) members Southern California. As was evi- their claims on tribal water rights. trines is nothing more than an- of the Mission Indian Federation dent, however, with the formation In 1953, Congress passed Con- other definition or form of Com- on charges of conspiring to op- of the Mission Indian Federation, current Resolution 108 and Pub- munism, Socialism, Progressives press the rights guaranteed by the conditions had improved little lic Law 280, which reduced the or collectivism or redistribution United States Constitution. with the formation of the reserva- influence of the BIA on reserva- of the wealth as defined by the Jose M. Silvas Additional charges of preaching tions. tions and transferred the policing Obama Administration. 'Bolshevistic' doctrines among After the release of the arrested of reservations to the State. The Bolsheviks, founded by Vla- However, to better understand the the Indians and with arousing 57-Federation leaders the organi- The P.L. 280 legislation was and dimir Lenin and Alexander Bog- relationship between the Califor- them to “rebellion" were filed zation became vigilant, focused to this day a disaster. While it danov, were by 1905 a major nia American Indian tribes and against the Mission Indian Feder- and clandestine. allowed the States to enforce organization consisting primarily the United States Government ation’s elected leaders President, The influence of the organization criminal laws on tribal lands the of workers under a democratic one must be aware of two im- Adam Castillo (Soboba), Vice expanded as did its creditability State and local governments have internal hierarchy governed by portant facts; First, the California President, Joe Pete (Auga Ca- not only within the tribal commu- clashed with the Tribal Govern- the principle of democratic cen- Indian tribes do not have any liente) and Secretary, Robert nity but with the Government. ments over the extend of jurisdic- tralism, who considered them- treaties with the Federal Govern- Magee (Pechanga) and the Feder- tion. Although they were not elected ment. Secondly, the relationship ation’s legal counselor, Jonathan selves the leaders of the revolu- official to the many of the Tribal Throughout the years, Pechanga between the California tribes and Tibbet, The charges were later tionary working class of Russia. Governments they operated as a members remained active in the the United State Government is dropped against all the defend- Their beliefs and practices were “Shadow Government.” Federation, and in the 1960s, political and not racial. ants but the damage was done. often referred to as Bolshevism. Pechanga Tribal Chairman, Dan The irony is that the Constitution The Federation also formed its However, in effort to promote the Pico was considered one of the of Mission Indian Federation own police forces and although Federal Governments policy of Adam Castillo last leading members of the or- clearly addressed the recognition they had no legal jurisdiction termination of the tribes the Bu- ganization. The goals of the MIF of the rights of the individual in they enforce law and order on the reau of Indian Affairs was no longer seemed relevant to Section 2 “Its object are to se- reservations. The BIA also main- charged with realizing this goal. younger generations and the or- cure by legislation or otherwise tained an “Indian Police” force The BIA long term strategy to ganization faded away. Or did all the rights and benefits be- but it was not well respected by goals remain but the strategies bring about the termination of the longing to each Indian, both the tribal people because of their effort was the establishment of changed? Just moving to another singly, and collectively- to pro- unfairness and corruption. “Blood Quantum's” making the level with the occupancy of Alca- tect then against unjust laws- As with all political organization Tribal-Government relationship traz? Or Wounded Knees and the rules- and regulations- to guard money was needed for mail, racial. And to a great extent it American Indian Movement the interests of each member printing and travel. A major fund- has been successful. One only (AIM)? against unjust and illegal treat- raiser for the group was the annu- needs to look at the membership ment.” The rights of the individu- al fiestas that were held on vari- requirements of many of the One must also be aware that the al will never be honored in any ous reservation. In addition to the By Ernie C. Salgado Jr. tribes requiring a specific degree American Indian people were not Bolshevistic' doctrines. sale of food and wares wine and of “Tribal Blood” or “Indian American citizens until June 2, The Federation promoted Capi- whiskey were bootlegged as until Blood” for membership. 1924. talism. Their primary goal was to The Indian Citizenship Act of 1953 it was illegal for Indians to The Federal Government has also be given the opportunity to par- 1924, also known as the Snyder drink or buy liquor. Gambling extended Treaty Rights made ticipate in the free market as both Act, was sponsor ed by Repre- was another revenue source at the with mid-western and eastern tribes and as individuals. fiestas. tribes to the California Indian in sentative, Homer P. Snyder (R) In fact Adam Castillo in 1910 The Federation served as a strong its effort to create a “One Size from New York that granted full sent a letter on behalf of the Fed- advocate and protector of the Fits All” policy for dealing with U.S. citizenship to America's eration to the Bureau of Indian tribal people and in turn they the Tribal Governments which is indigenous peoples, which were Affairs asking for approval to pledged their money and loyalty beneficial to the California Indian called "Indians" in this Act. promote gaming on Indian Lands to the Federation. tribes. The Act was signed into law by stating that government support President Calvin Coolidge on Although their monetary contri- HISTORICALBACKGROUND for the gaming tribes would no The Mission Indian Federation June 2, 1924. It was enacted par- butions were normally small they Little is know today about the longer be needed. It only took Logo is a likeness of Mr. John tially in recognition of the thou- were steadfast and served to Mission Indian Federation be- Ortega (Pala) . about 75-years for many of the maintain the organization finan- May 1, 2018 The PAGE 11 of 16 The True Origin of the Term “Native American” By Ernie C, Salgado Jr. Have you ever wondered where American Indian Tribes and Unit- Their efforts were strongly chal- spect the legislation was the re- used by the Bureau to gain favor and when the term “Native Amer- ed States Government. lenged by the Bureau of Indian sult of years of political activism for one group against another to ican” originated? Most folks un- For the first time in American Affair. In addition to intimidation by tribal leaders across the Nation create the division between them. der the age of 60 most likely as- history the American Indian of supporters of the organization that gained the support of Presi- The first example was the distri- sumed it was always a term used Tribes were allowed to manage the U.S. Government in 1923 dent, Richard Nixon a Californi- bution of about $250,000 to six or to make reference to the Ameri- their own affairs, not totally but a arrested 57 Tribal Leaders charg- an. seven of the most powerful tribe can Indian people and as such just giant step forward. Yes, as hard ing them with conspiracy against Before his tragic departure from for their input in developing a accepted it. as it may be for many of the the Government. The charges office he championed the cause slogan or something memorable Now I want to share the truth on younger tribal members to be- were later dismissed but the or- of the American Indian Tribes. for the Bi-Centennial celebration. how the phrase or expression lieve the total extent of the au- ganization was forced to operate The “Indian Self-Determination However, the tribal leaders were “Native American” was coined thority the Government had over clandestinely. and Education Act” was his sig- unaware of the motive behind the by a handful of California Tribal the American Indian Tribes. On a National level the National nature American Indian legisla- actions of the Bureau. Leaders in 1975 as a commenda- Prior to the passage of the Indian Congress of American Indians tion. The tribal leaders that participat- tion for the Bi-Centennial cele- Self-Determination and Educa- (NCAI), was established in 1944. In 1975 the California Tribal ed in the Bureau’s Bi-Centennial bration. tion Act the American Indian The National Congress of Ameri- Chairmen’s Association gave the project were Banning Taylor, Los During that time period many of Tribes had little or no control can Indians assumed the primary tribes the political platform need- Coyotes, Dave Risling, Hoopa, Tribal Governments across the over their respective reservations leadership role for the tribes by ed to bring about the changes Michael Connolly, Campo, Em- country were celebrating the pas- or rancherias. providing the tribal leaders with a beneficial to the tribes. And with mett St Marie, Morongo, Tony central united platform. sage of Public Law 93-638, the However, during the turbulent the passage of the legislation the Pinto, Ewiiaapaayp Band of Ku- “Indian Self Determination and 60’s and 70’s many Tribal Lead- The Native American Rights Bureau of Indian Affairs was meyaay Indians and Alec Gar- Education Act.” ers begin to gain support from Fund (NARF) co-founded in quick to understand the loss of field, Tule River who also served But first, to give you a better un- younger and more militant tribal 1970 by David Risling (Hoopa) power over the tribes and the as the Chairman of the California derstand the reason for the origin members in opposing the parental and John Echohawk (Pawnee) potential strength of the Califor- Tribal Chairman’s Association. of the term “Native American.” guardianship by the Bureau of provided the coordination of the nia Tribal Chairman’s Associa- The term “Native American” was We need to go back to 1975 for Indian Affairs, the U.S. Govern- legal services needed. tion in the future given the unity result of their efforts. And it the lack of a better staring point ment agency within the Depart- Although the legislation didn’t of the tribes. caught on like wildfire. So now for this historical narrative. ment of Interior that provides the remove all Government oversight The pending Bi-Centurial and the you know the true origin of the On January 4, 1975 President, oversight. of the American Indian Tribes it spirited attitudes of the tribes term “Native American” coined Gerald Ford signed the most sig- Many of the militant tribal youth gave them a voice in the decision over the passage of the legislation 43-years ago. nificant American Indian legisla- were second generation Mission making process. gave the Bureau the opportunity How do I know this to be true? tion on the history on the United Indian Federation family mem- The legislation allowed the tribes it needed to implement a plan to Because I was there, I was one of States of American, Public Law bers. The Mission Indian Federa- to participate in the development create discord among the tribes. the many militant tribal youth 93-638, the Indian Self Determi- tion was established in 1910 and of the regulations for the imple- To that end it was successful in Also please understand these men nation and Education Act. was a very powerful and influen- mentation of the Act which, be- pitting one tribal group against were great leaders were and my the other. The fundamental significance's of tial within the tribal political are- came effective on January 1, mentors and I mean no disrespect this single piece of legislation is na. The organization promoted 1976, the year of the Bi- The Bureau caught the tribal to them. And since I’m old school that it forever changed the politi- tribal sovereignty (Home Rule), Centennial. leaders totally off guard with its I prefer “American Indian” over cal relationship between the Human Rights and individual However, in all fairness and re- deceitful plan. Money and the the term “Native American” rights. promise of more was the carrot

Indian Tribes in the State. David Risling Jr. Snider, 30, is a member of the Dry Creek Rancheria Band of "The Father of American Indian Education" Pomo Indians. David Risling Jr. was a tribal board of trustees. Only two Her legal career includes ser- member of the Hoopa Valley months before his death, he par- vice as a staff attorney at the Tribe located in Humboldt Coun- ticipated in the decision to close National Congress of American ty, in northern California. the University, which had lost its Indians (NCAI) and as a law accreditation. clerk in the Office of Tribal He was first and foremost an Justice at the U.S. Department American Indian Warrior. In his In the early 1990's, Risling, Jack Healdsburg CA resident Christi- of Justice. youth he was a Golden Gloves D. Forbes, Morrison & Foerster na Snider has been appointed middleweight champion and an and many others collaborated Tribal Advisor to Gov. Jerry The commission on which she outstanding running back during with filmmaker Jan Crull, Jr. to Brown and executive secretary will serve as executive secretary to the state’s Native American his high school years. make a film about the controversy is a nine-member body that surrounding D Q University and Heritage Commission. identifies and catalogs places of He was often referred to as “The - special religious or social sig- Father of American Indian Edu- its turbulent relationship with the Governor Brown established the U.S. government. nificance to American Indian cation” and rightfully so. He was $161,496 a year position with a Tribes, as well as known graves an educator, tribal rights activist The media had labelled this 2011 executive order that and cemeteries of American and tribal leader. school as being "controversial" sought to bolster communica- Indians on private lands in the for years and as one of the Ameri- tion and collaboration between After serving in the United States Thirty-one Indian community state. can Indian Movement's (AIM) state government and American Navy during World War II, he colleges and dozens of K-12 res- "Centers". attended Cal Poly in San Luis ervation school programs resulted Obispo where he earned a BA from this legislation. Crull was drawn to the D-Q U degree in vocational agriculture. He was also a major consultant in story from the time that he was a professional Hill staffer responsi- For 20-years, from 1950 to 1970, the creation of the Smithsonian's ble for the shaping of a U.S. he taught agriculture at Modesto National Museum of the Ameri- House hearing on legislation that Junior College. can Indian and was a three-time appointee to the National Adviso- D-Q U was seeking in 1981. He His increasing involvement in ry Council on Indian Education. and the Risling family had devel- Tribal Rights issues compelled oped a rapport over the years Custom Made Handbags him to move to UC Davis in D-Q University The achievement since which ultimately led to the 1970, where he helped to develop he was reportedly most proud of A Free People, Free To Choose “Quality at Affordable Prices” was his role in creating D Q Uni- the first Native American studies - film project. program. He remained at UC Da- versity, one of the first six tribal However a schism between some vis until he retired in 1993, when colleges and the only one in Cali- of the film's subjects erupted into the program became a full- fornia. becoming litigation. fledged department. Jack D. Forbes (a co-founder of Morrison & Foerster was the first He was a co-founder of California the University) has said, "It was a sponsor to withdraw from the Indian Legal Services, the Native dream that the late Carl Gorman project and eventually Crull had American Rights Fund and Cali- and I had worked on from 1961- to scrap it even though distribu- fornia Indian Education Associa- 1962, but it was Dave's organiz- tion for a completed film was tion. ing skill and patience that came to the fore in 1971 when DQU already in place. He was involved in securing pas- finally acquired flesh and bones." Mr. Risling was without a doubt 1.619.792.851 sage of the federal Indian Educa- one of the greatest American Indi- tion and Indian Tribal Communi- For many years, Mr. Risling an leaders of the 20th century. ty College acts. served as President of DQU's [email protected]

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Shayne's Journal [email protected] Shayne Del Cohen began her career as a teenage VISTA volunteer for the Inter-Tribal Council of Neva- da and subsequently a program director and then re- source developer, working with 23 tribes during the exciting OEO years. Later, first as the health planner and then AO to the tribal chairman spent a decade with the Reno-Sparks Indian Colony and then another two decades as a development consultant working with different tribal communities across the country. A propose landfill project in San Diego Tribal Water Rights is currently under Along the way she earned a BA in community development, a Master's in International County near the Pala Indian Reservation siege throughout the Nation by the very Administration and a PhD in International Law, all of which was balanced with the edu- was set aside when Robert Smith, Pala Government Agency that is charged with cation provided by the many tribal leaders and individuals with whom she interacted Tribal Chairman announced that the Pala protecting them. Currently Standing over the years Band of Mission Indians is buying part Rock in North Dakota is another exam- She has been honored to have been a TV talk show host for 15 years, the president of of the land the project that had been des- ple of the Army Corp of Engineers and ignated to be used. The land purchase Nevada Press Women and a member of the Nevada State Historical Records Advisory the Environments Protection Agencies ends a decades-long fight to protect one Board. of the most ecologically sensitive and disregard for Tribal Water Rights. culturally important places in the region, Shayne's Journal is a daily news blog that serves the American Indian Community. She including the waters of the San Luis Rey started it during a time when she was the Nevada point person on a five state tribal li- River. brary project. Archives are available at www.shaynedel.com. “Gregory Canyon was never a good The American Indian Reporter is pleased to have Shayne share some of her research and place for a dump,” Smith told reporters. musings with us. Shayne can be reached at [email protected] “A landfill on this beautiful, undevel- oped lands near our reservation would Ernie C. Salgado Jr., have desecrated Native American sacred Publisher/Editor American Indian Reporter sites, created traffic hazards, put the local waters at risk, and destroyed threatened and endangered species' hab- The Following comment, notices, photos are copies from Shayne’s Journals itat,” he added Protest at a June 2010 Army Corps of Gregory Canyon is located adjacent to Engineers public hearing (Photo NRDC) the Pala Band of Mission Indians reser- vation, and drains into the San Luis Rey And that’s why we are celebrating this River. The watershed supports critical announcement as a huge win—a win for drinking water sources for thousands of the region’s sacred Native American residents and businesses in San Diego sites, a win for San Diego Counties criti- County. The proposed landfill site in- cluded Gregory Mountain and Medicine cal sources of drinking water, and a win Rock, places where the Pala Band and for the endangered species that call other Luiseño people have prayed and Gregory Canyon home. held sacred rituals for hundreds of years.

The proposed landfill would have been threatened the canyon’s coastal sage scrub- lands and woodlands are home to several endangered species and other wildlife, including golden eagles, the endangered southwestern arroyo toad, and the threat- ened California gnatcatcher. The Pala Tribal Council and Final FY2018 Budget Includes Funding Increase a broad and tireless coalition for THPOs/Tribes of San Diego County resi- Photo by NRDC of Gregory Canyon opponents at a dents, environmental groups ( Oct. 1, 2017, through Sept. 30, 2018) February 2013 Army Corps of Engineers public hearing. like the NRDC, river advo- Robert Smith, Pala Tribal Chairman second from left. cates and elected offi- Good news! The Fiscal Year 2018 omnibus spending bill was signed into law last week cials challenged the Army Corps of En- This article was originally published by and it increased funding levels in the Historic Preservation Fund , which supports Trib- gineers’ permit, testified at NRDC. Damon Nagami is Senior Attor- al Historic Preservation Officers (THPOs) and other preservation initiatives. packed publichearings, and filed a law- ney and Director of the Southern Cali- suit to enforce CEQA review of the fornia Ecosystems Project at the Natural Historic Preservation Fund (HPF) total: FY18: $96.91 million landfill’s potential greenhouse gas emis- Resources Defense Council. sions. FY17: $80.91 million

THPO/Tribal line item of the HPF: FY18: $11.485 million Tribal Sovereignty FY17: $10.485 million Increases in HPF for these line items: Tribal Sovereignty is the U.S. ognized tribal sovereignty in court deci- • + $1 million for SHPOs to $48.925 million Government’s recognition of the power sions for more than 160 years. In what is of the Tribal governments to govern it- known as the "Marshall Trilogy," the • + $8 million for Save Americas Treasures to $13 million Supreme Court established the doctrinal self. United States Treaties are the agree- • + $1 million for Hist. Black Colleges/Universities o $5 million Level funding in ments between the Tribes and the U.S. basis for interpreting federal Indian law HPF for these line items: Government that granted peace, allianc- and defining tribal sovereignty. Civil Rights grants ($13 million) Underrepresented grants ($500,000) es, trade, and land rights between the two Three bedrock principles resulted from Governments. New line item -- $5 million -- in competitive grants to "revitalize historic properties the 19th Century court decisions that of national, State, and local significance. Grants shall be made available to States, Tribal governments used treaties to con- continue today to guide the Supreme local governments, Tribes, or community non-profit organizations for making sub- grants to eligible projects." firm and retain such rights as the sover- Court in its interpretation of the respec- tive rights of the federal government, the eign right of self-government, fishing Make sure to thank your legislators for supporting the increased funding that will have and hunting rights and jurisdictional states, and the tribes: a positive impact on your Tribe/program. rights over their lands. Treaties did not, (1) (1) by virtue of aboriginal political as is commonly assumed, grant rights to and territorial status, Indian tribes Other FY18 Budget News for Tribal Programs that Support Indians from the United States. Tribes possessed certain incidents of preex- $240 million for the Institute for Museum and Library Services ($9 million over FY17 ceded certain rights to the United States isting sovereignty; and reserved rights they never forfeited. $152.8 million for the National Endowment for the Arts ( $3 million over FY17) (2) (2) such sovereignty was subject to Tribal sovereignty preceded the develop- diminution or elimination by the $152.8 million for the National Endowment for the Humanities ( $3 million over FY17 ment of the United States Constitution. United States, by not by the individ- The framers of the Constitution specifi- ual states; and cally recognized the sovereignty of Indi- The Land of Poison an tribes in Article I, section 8, clause 3 (3) the tribes’ limited inherent sovereign- which identified Congress as the govern- ty and their corresponding depend- More than half a century later, the mental branch authorized to regulate ency on the United States for protec- effects of the Cold War-era uranium commerce with "foreign nations, among tion imposed on the latter trust re- mining are still killing Indian people the several states, and with the Indian sponsibility. at the Navajo Nation. tribes." The Supreme Court has repeatedly rec- Don’t Drink and Drive! Don’t Smoke Dope & Drive! May 1, 2018 The PAGE 13 of 16

Tribal Sports Reporter [email protected]

tire life. I currently live NFL Draft. there with my wife and I am also involved in pro- five children. moting tribal sports as a My primary occupation is professional sports photo- as a professional sports journalist and photogra- photojournalist and pho- pher. Hi, I’m Keith Vasquez and tographer. I will be the Tribal Sports If you have a pending Reporter for the American I nave covered the NFL sports event please feel Indian Reporter. professional football camps free to contact me. I can be as a photojournalist. And reached at: I am a tribal member of the the Pro Bowl in 2018 and photo above is of the tribal youth at the 2-day football training camp at Arizona State San Pasqual Band of Mis- [email protected] NFL Combine. On April on April 7, 2018. American Indian Youth were coached by current ASU & profession- sion Indians. I have lived NativeSportsMedia.com 26-27, 2018 I attended the al Arizona Cardinal Football Players at the 7G foundation.org & ASU Football Camp. on the reservation my en- “The Magnificent Seven”

Clayton Franklin-Pomo KeynanKeynan ArnoldArnold--IowayIoway

Jhadi Harjo-John Harjo * Choctaw .

Edward Hill * Pauma

“Indian Pride” The seven exceptional American Indian high school football player from through out the Nation were selected as Youth Ambassadors by the National Football League; As Youth Ambassadors they attended the 2018 NFL Pro Bowl where they provided input on how the American Indian Youth could be served by the NFL. They also contributed insight on the many challenges faces by the American Indian Youth and the Tribal Communities. Above: Tyler Moose Edward Hill from the Pauma Indian Res- Mile Lacs Band of Ojibwe. ervation in San Diego County represented the Southern California Indian Tribal Frederick Fox Left: Dean Holyan Community. Three Affiliated Tribes Navajo Nation.

Mica Diaz: Professional Jim Thorpe All Indian Games The Jim Thorpe All Indian Games scheduled for July 2018 have been cancelled according to a recent news release by the games Woman Motocross Racer chairman, Gene Dixon. No reason was given for the cancellation in the press release. Mr. Dixion can be reached at 951-442-9926 needs know is that smiled again and responded “… or email [email protected]. the total American I’ve been ready since I took my Indian population first ride at age four with my team all four-years and to the in the USA is dad.” High School All–American about 5.2 million Just her family alone would be the team in his senior year. according to the envy of anyone as a fan club. Her Joseph played collegiate basket- 2010 U.S. census. extended family number well over ball for the Oregon State Bea- Assuming that half 2,000. people “…on my late great vers. He is the first American the American Indi- -grandmothers (Fidelia Salgado) Indian to earn a basketball an population is side alone the numbers are close scholarship at a Pac-10 Confer- female it would to 1,200 people that live in San ence (now Pac-12) school. Mica Diaz a Tribal Member of the mean that Mica is the only Ameri- Bernardino, Colton, Riverside Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians In Joseph’s senior year at OSU can Indian woman out of an esti- and Fontana.” She said. And is the only professional American he averaged 11.0 points and 6.4 mated 2.6 million American Indi- most of the people from Soboba Indian Woman Motocross Racer rebounds per game. He is the an woman in the United States of and Pala are my relations.” She in the United States of American. Joseph Burton only Oregon State player to America to be a licensed profes- added. She is currently rated one of the record over 1,000 points, 700 sional motocross racer. Now in Joseph is a Tribal Member of top riders in the country. Mica is the daughter of Michael rebounds and 300 assists. my book that is something we can the Soboba Band of Luiseno and Cammy “Cozart” Diaz. Her Mica lives on the Soboba Indian all be proud of now and forever. Indians. He is the son of Dondi Prior to moving to Japan he grandparents are Frannie and Reservation when she isn’t travel- Silvas and grandson of Charlie began his professional basket- When asked want the main differ- Francis “Salgado” Diaz and Bruce “B Bop” and Yvonne Silvas. ing through out the nation. - ball career in 2013 on Denmark ence between the amateur and and Gloria “Castillo” Cozart. Joseph is currently playing pro- where he averaged 22 points, She has been invited to participate professional level is for her, she fessional basketball in Japan. 12.5 rebounds and 4 assists. in international motocross racing gave me that signature winning During the 2015–16 season, he event. However, financial spon- smiled and said “…Night and He played high school basket- played in France. sorship for woman’s is not that day…first the riders are more ball at West Valley High School forthcoming and international focused, aggressive and highly in Hemet, California from 2005 He was selected to the All Star travel is expensive. skilled. “…And they don’t cut you to 2009. teams and its MVP for the four- any slack…it’s all business” she years he played in that theater. To put her current achievements During his high school years he added. Asked if she feels she is is the proper prospective one only was selected to the CIF first ready to compete at this level she The May 1, 2018 PAGE 14 of 16

California American Indian Education

the public school system. allowed the American Indian Tribes to contract and man- In 1969 CIEA was chartered age their own educational as a non-profit 501(c)(3) projects. This legislation was organization under the guid- also an historic and ground ance of two American Indian - breaking policy change be- college professors UC Davis, tween the U.S. Government Dave Risling (Hoopa) and and the American Indian Jack D. Forbes (Powhatan- Tribes. Renape & Delaware- Ernie C. Salgado Lenape). Subsequently the The legislation not only pro- National Indian Education vided the Tribes with the California American Indian Association was also was opportunity to contract and Education has grown over established in 1969 with both manage programs and ser- the past sixty years from the Resling and Forbes at the vices for their members it “BIA Indian Relocation Pro- center of the foundation. allow them to become inde- gram” which was predomi- pendent of Government over- nantly Trade School focused In 1974 California passed sight as Self-Governance during the 50’s and early Senate Bill 2264 which pro- Tribes. Yet, after forty-two 60’s to a full fledged pre- vided funding for the estab- years since 93-638 was school to graduate school lishment of ten American passed only a few tribes have educational pathway. Ameri- Indian Education Centers in taken advantage of the op- can Indians with college de- the State. The legislation was portunity to become Self- grees during this time period the first in the history of the Governance. One analysis is was extraordinary since grad- Nation to provide funding that the chains of dependency uation from high school was directly to Indian Tribes and run deep. considered a milestone. American Indian Organiza- tions. Over the years the The American Indian Report- The California Indian Educa- number of Indian Education er will be dedication a sec- tion Association, Inc. (CIEA) Center has expanded to thirty tion in the monthly publica- was the first Statewide coali- and is currently at twenty- tion to California American tion that was totally focused two. The current list of Cali- Indian Education. In addition on the education of the fornia American Indian Edu- to the California American American Indian people. In cation Centers is list below. Indian Education Centers we the mid sixties a small group will be including all aspects of like minded Indian people The United States Congress of the educational spectrum. formed an Ad Hoc Commit- under the direction of Presi- tee to address the high drop- dent Nixon passed Public Colleges and Universities out rate of the American In- Law 93-638, The Indian Self news and activities are also a dian high school students and Determination and Education top priority for the American the lack of any concern by Act the following years that Indian Reporter.

The California Department of Education contacts for the Indian Education Centers is Judy Delgado at 916-316-0506 email at [email protected] and Chavela Delp at 916-316- 0609 email at [email protected]

California American Indian Education Centers

Alameda Inyo San Diego American Indian Child Resource Center Big Pine Indian Education Center Campo Band of Mission Indians Mary Trimble Norris, Director Cheryl L. Levine, Interim Education Director Debbie Cuero, Education Director 522 Grand Avenue P.O. Box 700 * Big Pine, CA 93513 36190 Church Road, Suite 1 Oakland, CA 94610 760-938-2530 * Fax: 760-938-3125 Campo, CA 91906 510-208-1870, ext. 309 * Fax: 510-208-1886 619-478-9346, ext. 222 * Fax: 619-478-5143 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Bishop Indian Education Center Meryl L. Picard, Interim Education Director Pala Band of Mission Indians Alpine P.O. Box 1648 Doretta Musick, Education Director Woodfords Indian Education Center Bishop, CA 93515 PMB 50, 35008 Pala Temecula Road Amber Bill, Education Director 760-873-5740 * Fax: 760-873-4143 12196 Pala-Mission Road 96-A Washo Boulevard E-mail: [email protected] Pala, CA 92059 Woodfords, CA 96120 530-694-2964 * Fax: 530-694-2739 Kern 760-742-1997 * Fax: 760-742-1178 E-Mail: [email protected] Kern Indian Education & Community Resource Center E-mail: [email protected] Dolly Manuelito Amador and El Dorado Rincon Indian Education Center, Inc. 1001 Tower Way, Suite 230 Foothill Indian Education Alliance, Inc. Hun-wut Turner, Director Bakersfield, CA 93309 James Marquez, Executive Director P.O. Box 1147 661-328-6206 * Fax: 661-328-6235 P.O. Box 1418 Valley Center, CA 92082 E-mail: [email protected] El Dorado, CA 95623 760-749-1386 or 760-751-9921 Placerville: 530-621-3096 Lake Fax 760-749-8838 Fax: 530-621-1609 * Ione: 209-274-0296 Lake County Citizens Committee on Indian Affairs E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Elizabeth Valles, Executive Director Southern California American Indian Resource Center, 341 North Main Street, PO Box 632 Butte and Glenn Inc. Lakeport, CA 95453 Four Winds of Indian Education, Inc. Wanda Michaelis, Director 707-263-8424 * Fax: 707-263-0120 Rachel McBride, Executive Director 239 East Main Street E-mail: [email protected] 2345 Fair Street El Cajon, CA 92020 Chico, CA 95928 Lassen 619-328-0676 * Fax: 619-328-0724 530-895-4212 ext 110 * Fax: 530-895-4310 Susanville Indian Rancheria E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Anna Pasqua, Director Santa Barbara 745 Joaquin Street Del Norte County Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians Susanville, CA 96130 Northern California Indian Development Council Niki Sandoval, Education Director 530-252-1651 * Fax: 530-251-2030 Audra Meyers-Garcia, Program Director P.O. Box 1234 E-mail: [email protected] 241 F Street Santa Ynez, CA 93460 Eureka, CA 95501 Los Angeles 805-688-7997 * Fax: 805-688-5131 707-464-3512 * Fax: 707-464-7462 Fernandeño Tataviam Band of Mission Indians E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Elizabeth FastHorse, Interim Director of Special Projects Shasta 1019 Second Street * San Fernando, CA 91340 NCIDC Local Indians for Education 818-837-0794 *Fax: 818-837-0796 Rod Lindsay, Executive Director Humboldt E-mail: [email protected] 4440 Shasta Dam Boulevard Hoopa Valley Tribe Modoc Shasta Lake, CA 96019 Jenna Hailey, Program Manager Resources for Indian Student Education, Inc. 530-275-1513 * Fax: 530-275-6280 P.O. Box 428 April Lea Go Forth, Director E-mail: [email protected] Hoopa, CA 95546 P.O. Box 1878 530-625-4040 * Fax: 530-625-5444 Tulare Alturas, CA 96101 E-mail: [email protected] Towanits Indian Education Center 530-233-2226 Jerry Livesey, Education Director Fax: 530-233-2226 Indian Action Council of NW CA, Inc. P.O. Box 589 E-mail: [email protected] Coleen Bruno, Director Porterville, CA 93258 2905 Hubbard Lane, Suite C Plumas 559-784-6135 * Fax: 559-784-1351 Eureka, CA 95501 Roundhouse Council, Inc. E-mail: [email protected] 707-443-8401 * Fax: 707-443-9281 Mary Joseph, Executive Director E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 217 Greenville, CA 95947

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May 1, 2018 The PAGE 16 of 16

My View—Your View An Open Letter to My President Dear President Donald Trump;

Ernie C. Salgado Jr. As one of your few American Indian supporters I write this open letter to you with all due respect for you and the Office of the of the President of the United States of American. Dear American Indian Reporter Readers, The purpose for this communication is to ask that in the future you re- The My View - Your View page is reserved to provide you and I with the opportunity to frame from referring to Senator, Warren as “Pocahontas.” I also ask that exercise our U.S. Constitutional right of free you honor your word by offering an apology to the memory of speech. “Pocahontas” and to the American Indian people for bestowing her name However, with due respect to our Constitu- on such an unworthy person. tional right of free speech we must establish some simple ground rules that we feel are It would be more politically correct to refer to the Senator from the Com- necessary to maintain the integrity, values monwealth of Massachusetts as a “Phony,” or a “Wanna-Be American and ethical status of the American Indian Indian” or just plain “Lying Liz” which seem to be a better fit in my hum- Reporter. ble view. 1) Please no profanity, it’s not becoming. 2) We will not accept any slander, defama- As a Tribal Elder I am troubled by the fact that she lied to take a position tion, hate or libel comments regarding at Harvard Law School that might have been filled by a qualified and any person, organization or group. deserving American Indian. 3) The editor reserves the rights to review and select comments for publication. To this day she has not shown any remorse or offered any apology for her criminal actions. And she continues her charade by claiming one of her an- EMAIL ADDRESS: cestors had “High Cheek Bones” as justification to her claim as an Ameri- [email protected] can Indian which is far beyond pathetic.

U.S. MAIL ADDRESS: Thank you Mr. President with great respect, American Indian Reporter P.O. Box 366 Ernie C. Salgado Jr., San Jacinto, CA 92581 Publisher/Editor American Indian Reporter Tribal Elder, Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians Let’s Talk Hypocrisy! Ernie C Salgado Jr. Source Wikipedia

On July 7, 2017 Governor, fifth highest income per capita Jerry Brown (D) signed amend- in the United States at about ed Senate Bill 106 in to law. $91,480. The county is gov- The legislation extended the erned by the Marin County exemption for Marin County Board of Supervisors. The from the State’s low income county is also well known for its housing rules for an additional natural environment and liberal 15-years. politics. Talk about a double-standard, Marin County is located in the it looks like the upper income San Francisco Bay Area of Cali- liberals don’t want the poor fornia. As of the 2010 census, folks living close to them. But the population was 252,409. in reality this is the standard The county seat is San Rafael. procedure for the socialist that Marin County is included in the become fascist because of their San Francisco, Oakland and unchecked power. Hayward Metropolitan Statisti- Under the flag of protecting cal Area (San Francisco Bay the poor and middle class they Area) across the Golden Gate gain control and once they have Bridge from San Francisco. complete political control they San Quentin Prison is located establish the class order. All one in the county, as is George Lu- needs to do is review the history cas' Skywalker Ranch. Auto- of the socialist governments. In desk, the publisher of Auto- way of a few examples, Russia CAD, is also located there, as with its “Community Organiz- well as numerous other high- er” Josef Stalin, Italy’s Benito tech companies. Mussolini and Germany’s very The Marin County Civic Cen- own house painter, Adolf Hitler. ter was designed by Frank Just so you understand Marin Lloyd Wright and draws thou- County is one of the wealthiest sands of visitors a year to guid- To get your American Indian Reporter emailed to you localities in the United States, ed tours of its arch and atrium please send us your email address at: known for its affluence. In May design. [email protected] 2009, Marin County had the Respectfully, Ernie Salgado Jr., Publisher/Editor Is The Santa Rosa Tribe Facing Selective Law enforcement?

In the November 2017 federal fornia or at a minimum those of this date the proposed legislation H.R. 975 agents raiding of the Santa Rosa the counties and cities within the has yet to be voted on by the tribe’s marijuana growing busi- State. House of Representatives. To amend the Controlled Substances Act to provide for a new rule ness with the assistance of the regarding the application of the Act to marihuana, and for other With that understood, the ques- Regardless of the status of H.R. Riverside County Sheriffs and purposes. tion that begs to be asked is: Why 975 which has been gathering State law enforcement agents. was the Santa Rosa Tribe single dust since it was propose the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Although the American Indian out by the federal agency for the Controlled Substances Act pro- February 7, 2017 Reporter does not support the enforcement of the federal statues hibits the cultivation and sales of legalization of marijuana the en- against the cultivation and sales marijuana in the United States of Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the forcement of the federal statues of marijuana while no action has American. It appears that the United States of America in Congress assembled, on the Santa Rosa Tribal Lands is been taken against any county or Trump Administration has adopt- troublesome. city governments in the State of ed the Obama political practices California? A long question that of “Selective implementation of SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the To put this issue in proper per- irks of selective law enforcement the laws” specifically as it relates “Respect State Marijuana Laws Act of 2017”. spective it must be understood at a minimum and racial discrimi- to state marijuana legislation. that the State of California has nation on another level. approved legislation for the medi- Again, the question: Why are SEC. 2. RULE REGARDING APPLICATION TO MARI- cal and recreational usage of ma- It also appears that many of the the American Indian Govern- HUANA. Part G of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801 rijuana within the State. The leg- United States Congressional rep- ments the only ones prosecuted et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: islation allows each of its 58 resentatives support State Rights for violating the U.S. Controlled counties and cities in the State to with regards to the enactment of Substances Act? In Riverside “SEC. 710. RULE REGARDING APPLICATION TO MARI- establish cultivation and sales of State legislation authorizing the County could it be at the request HUANA. “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the provi- cannabis regulations. cultivation and sales of marijua- of Sheriff Stanley Sniff who has sions of this subchapter related to marihuana shall not apply to na. demonstrated his total disregard any person acting in compliance with State laws relating to the At issue is the sovereign authority for tribal rights and sovereignty? of the tribe vs the federal statues On February 7, 2017 Congres- production, possession, distribution, dispensation, administration, of the United States Government sional leaders from both parties Looking beyond the Santa Rose or delivery of marihuana.”. against the cultivation and sales endorsed H.R. 975 which would tribal efforts to participate in the PLEASE NOTE: It is assumed that words Marijuana and of marijuana. decriminalize the cultivation and economic endeavor of cultivating Marihuana are used to mean the same thing. sales of marijuana in States that and selling cannabis the issue of First, the Santa Rosa Tribal sov- have enacted legislation approv- tribal rights and sovereignty is at ereignty rights would seem to This proposed legislation has not been passed by Congress as of ing such activity. However, as of the very core of this matter. parallel those of the State of Cali- this date.