UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title "American Indian Freedom Controversy:" Political and Social Activism by Southern California Mission Indians, 1934-1958 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/07k8h1xg Author Daly, Heather Marie Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles “American Indian Freedom Controversy:” Political and Social Activism by Southern California Mission Indians, 1934-1958 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Heather Marie Daly 2013 © Copyright by Heather Marie Daly 2013 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION “American Indian Freedom Controversy:” Political and Social Activism by Southern California Mission Indians, 1934-1958 by Heather Marie Daly Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2013 Professor Janice Reiff, Chair At the turn of the twentieth century, anthropologists and politicians alike predicted the extinction of American Indians. Yet, Native Americans survived, persevered, and instituted political activism concerning the United States federal Indian policies in that century. Drawing upon Bureau of Indian Affairs and State of California archival materials, oral histories, and tribal records, this dissertation addresses American Indian political movements in Southern California Mission Indian country in the years 1934-1958. This study focuses on the different factions on and off the Southern California Indian reservations and the federal Indian policies that inspired resistance within these communities. I argue that the implied passivity that the Bureau of Indian Affairs and reformers labeled California Indians was a myth. The political movements established during the first half of the twentieth century demonstrates that the Mission Indians had the required tools to maintain their ii tribal land and sovereignty. This dissertation starts with the impending implementation of the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act and covers the administration of John Collier as Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the reactions to the Indian New Deal by the Mission Indians in Southern California. The Indian Reorganization Act stimulated grassroots movements on and off Indian reservations throughout the United States. I follow the groups that flourished in California during the years between the IRA and the passage of House Concurrent Resolution 108, which allowed for the termination of federal trust protections of Indian reservations that included California’s Indian reservations. I evaluate how the shifting, yet static federal Indian policies contributed to political lobbying against the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the effective uses of media rhetoric on both sides of the issue. Finally, my study demonstrates how the actions of a few individuals in California Indian country successfully combated the Bureau of Indian Affairs’ termination legislation, tribal factionalism, and the State of California. This accomplishment eventually allowed for the establishment of lucrative Indian gaming operations in the twenty-first century in Indian country. iii The dissertation of Heather Marie Daly is approved, Duane Champagne Stephen Aron Janice Reiff, Committee Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2013 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract of Dissertation…………………………………………………………………………..ii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vii List of Figures and Maps ............................................................................................................. viii List of Photographs ........................................................................................................................ ix Acknowledgements ..........................................................................................................................x Vita ............................................................................................................................................... xiii INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER ONE NEW FORMS OF ACTIVISM: RESPONDING TO THE INDIAN REORGANIZATION ACT................................................................................................................................................17 The California Congress ....................................................................................................30 The Elections .....................................................................................................................45 Horses to Bulldozers ..........................................................................................................56 CHAPTER TWO TERMINATION: A VIABLE OPTION .......................................................................................63 CHAPTER THREE POLICY INCLUDES PEOPLE OR DOES IT? MISSION INDIAN ACTIVISM MEETS RESISTANCE AT HOME AND IN THE HALLS OF CONGRESS .........................................102 CHAPTER FOUR THE YEAR OF DISCUSSION AND BEYOND: HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 108 AND PUBLIC LAW 280 SEEK TO ELIMINATE INDIAN RESERVATIONS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA .......................................................................................................149 CHAPTER FIVE WHAT DO WE DO NOW? THE FEDS, THE STATE, AND THE MISSION INDIANS: DIFFERENT WAYS TO COMBAT TERMINATION ..............................................................177 Tribal Representation and Hearing Testimony ................................................................183 Recommendations of the California Senate Committee ..................................................210 1957 and Beyond .............................................................................................................231 v CONCLUSION WITH A WHIMPER, NOT A BANG: VICTORY AGAINST TERMINATION AND WITH CABEZON V. THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA .............................................................247 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................260 Appendix A Document D ............................................................................................260 Appendix B Mission Indian Agency Reservation Acreage and Population ................261 Appendix C House Concurrent Resolution 108……………………………………..262 Appendix D Questionnaire Submitted to the Field Agents of the Indian Bureau by the House Interior and Insular Affairs Committee—May 15, 1953..........................................................................................................263 Appendix E Chart 2: Indian Tribal Governments—Tabulation of Results of a Questionnaire Submitted to the Field Agents of the Indian Bureau by the House Interior and Insular Affairs Committee—May 15, 1953 ........266 Appendix F Public Law 280 ........................................................................................270 Appendix G Senate Joint Resolution No. 4—Memorializing Congress and the President of the United States to Refrain from Terminating Federal Control and Protection of Indian Reservations ........................................275 Appendix H Questions Presented to the Federal Government from the State of California Regarding the California Indian Termination Bills ................277 Appendix I The Rancherias Visited in Preparation for Termination Under the 1958 Rancheria Act..................................................................................281 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................283 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Mission Indian Tribal Leadership in 1934 .............................................................44 Table 2. Mission Indian Agency IRA Election Results…………………………………...62 Table 3. Group 1 of John Collier’s Withdrawal Recommendations: Predominantly Acculturated Population.........................................................................................82 Table 4. Group 2 of John Collier’s Withdrawal Recommendations: Semi-Acculturated Population ..............................................................................................................83 Table 5. Group 3 of John Collier’s Withdrawal Recommendations: Predominantly Indian Population ...................................................................................................84 Table 6. William Zimmerman’s Withdrawal Recommendations ........................................85 Table 7. Estimated Taxes Levied on Indian Trust Land in California by Counties, Assuming Such Land to Be Accessible ...............................................................218 Table 8. Evolution of Termination of Federal Trust Status ...............................................243 vii LIST OF FIGURES AND MAPS Figure 1. Cartoon from the Indianapolis Star, “1957—And Still Here!” ........................232 Map 1. Map of Mission Indian Reservations in Southern California ..............................17 Map 2. Agua Caliente (Palm Springs) Checkerboard (Allotted) Indian Reservation ...199 viii LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Photograph 1. Cutting the road on the Santa Ysabel Indian Reservation with horses and Plow (c. 1937) .....................................................................................................56
Recommended publications
  • City of Norco Historic Preservation Commission Regular Meeting Agenda
    CITY OF NORCO HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION REGULAR MEETING AGENDA Tuesday, July 11, 2017 Council Chamber, 2820 Clark Avenue, Norco CA 92860 CALL TO ORDER: 4:00 p.m. ROLL CALL: Matthew Potter, Chair Diana Stiller, Vice Chair Patricia Overstreet, Commission Member Mark Sawyer, Commission Member Teresa Edwards, Commission Member PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE: Chair Matthew Potter TO BE READ BY CHAIR: “All discretionary actions before the Historic Preservation Commission are advisory in nature and final actions will be confirmed, modified or deleted by the City Council.” 1. OATH OF OFFICE: Re-appointed Commission Members Stiller, Overstreet and Sawyer 2. ELECTION OF CHAIR AND VICE CHAIR 3. PUBLIC COMMENTS: This is the time when persons in the audience wishing to address the Commission regarding matters not on the Agenda may speak. 4. APPROVAL OF MINUTES: A. Regular Meeting of May 9, 2017. Recommended Action: Approval 5. DISCUSSION ITEMS: A. Local Landmark Listing of Norconian Property B. Participation in the Lake Norconian Club Foundation Festival on October 14, 2017 C. Review Proposal from CWA Consultants for Services, FY 2017-2018 6. CONSULTANT UPDATES: A. Cultural Resource (Consultant Wilkman) o Navy Base o National Register Nomination o Wyle Labs Property B. Collections Management (Consultant Wilson) Historic Preservation Commission Agenda Page 2 July 11, 2017 7. COMMISSION MEMBER/CONSULTANT/STAFF COMMUNICATIONS A. Outreach Subcommittee B. Collection Advisory Subcommittee o Scheduling Special Meetings Regarding Collections Room o Update to City Council on On-Going Efforts with Collections Room 8. ANNOUNCEMENTS: A. Next Regular Meeting September 12, 2017 ADJOURNMENT ______________________________________________________________________ In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, if you need special assistance to participate in this meeting, please contact the City Clerk’s office (951) 270-5623.
    [Show full text]
  • Unitedwaydirectory.Pdf
    UNITED WAY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY BRANCHES: Thrift Store & Citizenship (619) 282-4218 3067 University Avenue 96702 2-1-1 San Diego San Diego, CA 92104 (formerly INFO LINE of San Diego County) PO Box 881307 ADMIN: (858) 300-1300 Micro-Enterprise (619) 298-2770 San Diego, CA 92168-1307 FAX: (858) 300-1301 3063 University Avenue San Diego, CA 92104 2-1-1 is not yet available from all cell phones and workplaces. Use (858) 300-1-211 or one of the above numbers. East County (619) 441-8818 1154 E Main Street, Suite 102 WEBSITE: www.211sandiego.org / www.informsandiego.org El Cajon, CA 92020 Sara Matta, Executive Director 96012 Alpha Behavioral Health Services (619) 285-9999 DESCRIPTION: San Diego county’s new three-digit phone number 4069 30th Street FAX: (619) 285-1938 for community, health and disaster services information and referral. San Diego, CA 92104 Confidential; 24/7; free; multilingual; publishes directories and handbooks; search for services online. WEBSITE: www.alphaBHS.org Scott Suckow, Executive Director 96002 Access Center of San Diego, The (619) 293-3500 1295 University Avenue, #10 FAX: (619) 293-3508 DESCRIPTION: Provides individual, couples and family counseling San Diego, CA 92103 TDD: (619) 293-7757 on a sliding scale; psychotherapy for individuals, couples and families with Medi-Cal, Medicare or other third party reimbursement; WEBSITE: www. accesscentersd.org court/child welfare services certified parenting skills and court Louis Frick, Executive Director approved anger management classes; financial literacy classes, Life Tools Class – Living with a Chronic Disease. DESCRIPTION: The Access Center, through advocacy, education and opportunity, promotes full inclusion by empowering and 96015 Alpha Project for the Homeless (619) 542-1877 challenging with disabilities to achieve their greatest potential.
    [Show full text]
  • For SAN DIEGO COUNTY
    FANHD Commercial Property Disclosure Reports For SAN DIEGO COUNTY Property Address: 2160 BALBOA AV , APN: 299-072-10-00 DEL MAR, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CA Report Date: 09/17/2010 (“Property”) Report Number: 826001 AERIAL PHOTO COVER PAGE . This map is provided for convenience only to show the approximate location of the Property and is not based on a field survey. NOTE TO READER: High-resolution aerial photographs are obtained through periodic surveys by low-altitude aircraft. Surveys are repeated at intervals of several years, and their coverage is limited to populated areas. On rare occasions, the air photo on this page will display a black area, or vacant land where buildings now exist. In these cases, the photo happens to be at the edge of the survey coverage area, or it shows land that has been developed since the time of the latest aerial survey. We apologize for these rare instances, which are beyond our control. ©2010 – First American Real Estate Disclosures, LLC - 200 Commerce Irvine, CA 92602 Phone: (800) 527 0027 Fax: (800) 854 9625 First American | MAP COVER PAGE Natural Hazard Disclosure Report Property Address: 2160 BALBOA AV , APN: 299-072-10-00 DEL MAR, SAN DIEGO County, CA Report Date: 09/17/2010 Report Number: 826001 Subject Property This map is provided for convenience only to show the approximate location of the Property and is not based on a field survey. This COMMERCIAL PROPERTY DISCLOSURE REPORT contains the Commercial Natural Hazard Disclosure Report, the Commercial Tax Report and the Commercial Enviromental Report. THIS REPORT PROVIDES THE STATUTORY DISCLOSURES MANDATED BY CALIFORNIA LAWS SPECIFIED HEREIN AND DELIVERY OF THIS REPORT AND THE EXECUTED STATUTORY FORM IS SUFFICIENT TO MEET THE SAFE HARBOR FOR THE SELLER AND SELLER’S AGENT.
    [Show full text]
  • 12 Pala Tribe Cultural Awareness and Language Access Panel
    Cultural Awareness and Language Access Panel Presentation Pala Band of Mission Indians The Pala Indian Reservation is located in northern San Diego County and is home to a majority of the 936 enrolled members. Pala community facilities include – the Pala Youth Center, Child Care Center, Learning Center, Fire Station, Jim Banks Sports Complex, Gym, Transfer Station, Skate Park, and more. In addition to gaming, the Tribe operates the Pala Fox Raceway, manages avocado groves, citrus groves, a vineyard, an alfalfa field, Pala Indian shooting range, and RV park all within reservation boundaries. Reservation Today, the Tribes has over 16,000-acres of trust and fee lands. Tribal Lands California has the highest American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) population in the country. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, California represents 12 American percent of the total AI/AN population (approximately 720,000) identified themselves as Native American. Indian/Alaska There are 109 federally recognized Tribes in California and 78 Native petitioning for recognition. Population and Tribal communities in California Source: California Courts – The Judicial Branch of California: California Tribal Communities There are 18 federally recognized Tribes in San Diego County. The four indigenous peoples in the County are: Cupeno (Kuupangaxwichem) , Luiseno (Payómkawichum), Kumeyaay, and Cahuilla. San Diego County What is Tribal Sovereignty? Tribal sovereignty refers to the inherent authority of American Indians and Alaska Natives to govern themselves. The U.S. Constitution recognizes Indian Tribes as distinct governments and they have, with a few exceptions, the same powers as federal and state governments to regulate their internal affairs. Sovereignty: Tribal Constitutes a legal, political status, and acknowledges the right of self- government.
    [Show full text]
  • Pala Band of Mission Indians I • B
    U.S. Department of Education Washington, D.C. 20202-5335 • ' APPLICATION FOR GRANTS UNDER THE Indian Demo11Stration Grants for Indian Children CFDA # 84.299A PR/Award# S299A160103 Gramts.gov Trackiug#: GRANT12176193 0MB No. 1810-0722, Expiration Date: 06/30/2018 Closing Date: May 31. 2016 PR/Award # S299Al60103 **Table of Contents** Form Page 1. Application for Federal Assistance SF-424 e3 2. Assurances Non-Construction Programs (SF 4248) e6 3. Disclosure Of Lobbying Activities (SF-LLL) e8 4. ED GEPA427 Form e9 5. Grants.gov Lobbying Form e10 6. ED Abstract Narrative Form e11 Attachment - 1 (1235-Abstract_2016) e12 7. Project Narrative Form e14 Attachment- 1 (1242-NYCP 2016 Narrative_ Pala Tribe) e15 8. Other Narrative Form e50 Attachment - 1 (1236-Signed Partner Agreement_Pala_ Final) e51 Attachment - 2 ( 1237-Needs Assessment_Pala Tribe) e54 Attachment - 3 (1238-Geographic Area_Pala Tribe) e62 Attachment - 4 (1239-Evidence ofCapacity_Pala) e63 Attachment - 5 (1240-Description Continuing Activities_ Pala) e64 Attachment - 6 (1241-Resumes_Pala Tribe_NYCP Grant) e65 9. Budget Narrative Form e82 Attachment- 1 (1234-Budget_2016 Pala Demonstration Grant_Final) e83 10. Form ED_ SF424_Supplement_1_ 3-V1.3.pdf e87 11. Form ED_524_Budget_ 1_3-V1.3.pdf e88 This application was generated using the PDF functionality. The PDF functionality automatically numbers the pages in this application. Some pages/sections of this application may contain 2 sets of page numbers, one set created by the applicant and the other set created by e-Application's PDF functionality. Page numbers created by the e-Application PDF functionality will be preceded by the letter e (for example, e l , e2, e3, etc.).
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of San Diego History Volume 55 Issue 3
    The Jour nal of Volume 55 Summer 2009 Number 3 • The Journal of San Diego History San Diego History Cover.indd 1 9/8/09 9:56 AM Publication of The Journal of San Diego History is underwritten by a major grant from the Quest for Truth Foundation, established by the late James G. Scripps. Additional support is provided by “The Journal of San Diego Fund” of the San Diego Foundation and private donors. The San Diego Historical Society is a museum, education center, and research library founded in 1928. Its activities are supported by: the City of San Diego’s Commission for Arts and Culture; the County of San Diego; individuals; foundations; corporations; fund raising events; membership dues; admissions; PRESERVE A SaN DIEGO TREASURE shop sales; and rights and reproduction fees. Your $100 contribution will help to create an endowment for Articles appearing in The Journal of San Diego History are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life. The Journal of San Diego History The paper in the publication meets the minimum requirements of American Please make your check payable to The San Diego Foundation. Indicate on National Standard for Information Science-Permanence of Paper for Printed the bottom of your check that your donation is for The Journal of San Diego Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. History Fund. The San Diego Foundation accepts contributions of $100 and up. Your contribution is tax-deductible. The San Diego Foundation 2508 Historic Decatur Road, Suite 200 San Diego, CA 92106 (619) 235-2300 or (858) 385-1595 [email protected] Front Cover: Collage of photos from the Edward H.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Gaming, Political Economy, and Identity on the Pala Indian Reservation Shasta Gaughen
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Anthropology ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 7-1-2011 Against the Odds: Indian Gaming, Political Economy, and Identity on the Pala Indian Reservation Shasta Gaughen Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/anth_etds Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Gaughen, Shasta. "Against the Odds: Indian Gaming, Political Economy, and Identity on the Pala Indian Reservation." (2011). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/anth_etds/26 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AGAINST THE ODDS: INDIAN GAMING, POLITICAL ECONOMY, AND IDENTITY ON THE PALA INDIAN RESERVATION by SHASTA CHRISTINA GAUGHEN B.A., Anthropology, Humboldt State University, 1996 B.S., Natural Resources Planning and Interpretation, Humboldt State University, 1996 M.A., Anthropology, San Diego State University, 2001 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Anthropology The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico July 2011 iii © 2011, Shasta Christina Gaughen iv DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated, with all my love, to my grandparents, George and Vivian Matheson. This is what you are getting instead of a great-grandchild! v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS How do you begin to acknowledge all of the people who are instrumental in producing a dissertation? I am afraid any attempt to name them all will accidentally neglect some people who should be included; therefore I will only name a few, and trust that everybody who has helped, listened, contributed, and tolerated this process know who they are and know that they have my gratitude.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Pastperfect “Search Terms” Kumeyaay: Diegueño
    Glossary of PastPerfect “Search Terms” Kumeyaay: Diegueño Kumeyaay Mission Indians Kamia (AAT preferred) Ipai Tipai Kumiai Tribal Names (according to the Bureau of Indian Affairs): Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Barona Band of Mission Indians Cabazon Band of Mission Indians Campo Band of Kumeyaay Indians Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians Cuyapaipe Band of Mission Indians Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel Inaja – Cosmit Band of Indians Jamul Indian Village, a Kumeyaay Nation La Jolla Band of Indians La Posta Band of Mission Indians Los Conejos Band of the Kumeyaay Los Coyotes Band of Mission Indians Manzanita Band of Kumeyaay Nation Mesa Grande Band of Mission Indians Morongo Band of Mission Indians Pala Band of Mission Indians Pauma/Yuima Band of Mission Indians Pechanga Band of Mission Indians Rincon Nation of Luiseño Indians San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians San Manuel Band of Mission Indians San Pasqual Band of Indians Sycuan Band of Kumeyaay Nation Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians of California Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians Reservations: Agua Caliente Indian Reservation Barona Indian Reservation Cahuilla Indian Reservation Campo Indian Reservation Capitan Grande Indian Reservation Ewiiaapaayp Indian Reservation Inaja – Cosmit Reservation Jamul Indian Village La Jolla Indian Reservation La Posta Reservation Los Coyotes Indian Reservation Manzanita Reservation Mesa Grande Reservation Pala Indian Reservation Pauma Indian Reservation Pechanga Indian Reservation Rincon Indian Reservation San Manuel Indian Reservation San Pasqual Reservation Santa Ysabel Reservation Soboba Indian Reservation Sycuan Band Reservation Twenty-Nine Palms Reservation Viejas Reservation Baja California Mexico Kumeyaay and Paipai Reservations: Ejido Tribue Kiliwas El Mayor Cucapa Ha'a Juntas de Neji La Huerta San Antonio Necua/Cañon de los Encinos San Isidoro San Jose de la Zorra Santa Catarina Gambling: Gambling Gaming .
    [Show full text]
  • 2006 Tribal Summit Proceedings [PDF, 703
    Proceedings March 10, 2006 Pala Indian Reservation Introduction On March 10, the 2006 San Diego Regional Tribal Summit was hosted by the Pala Band of Mission Indians. The summit was the result of collaboration between SANDAG, the Southern California Tribal Chairmen’s Association (SCTCA), the Reservation Transportation Authority (RTA), Caltrans, and the County of San Diego. The purpose was to bring together elected officials from the 17 federally recognized tribal nations in the San Diego region and the elected officials from the local cities and county to discuss land use and transportation planning policy issues of mutual concern. In particular, with the comprehensive 2007 Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) update underway, the Tribal Summit provided an opportunity for tribal input on this important regional planning effort. PROCEEDINGS Chair Mickey Cafagna (Poway) called the meeting of the SANDAG Board of Directors to order at 10:22 a.m. The attendance sheet for the elected officials present is attached (Attachments 1a and 1b). Welcome and Introduction Robert Smith, Chair of the Pala Band of Mission Indians and of the Southern California Tribal Chairmen’s Association (SCTCA), welcomed all attendees. An opening prayer was provided by Leroy Miranda, Vice Chairman of the Pala Band of Mission Indians. Chairman Smith introduced SANDAG Board Chair Mickey Cafagna. Chair Cafagna welcomed all to the Summit on behalf of the SANDAG Board. He asked those around the table to introduce themselves and note their representation. Public Comments Robert Garcia, representing Gifford Engineering Inc., said that he would make himself available to all governments needing communications services. His company was instrumental in installing radio communications for the Barona Tribal Police Department, and has provided consultation work for Palomar Mountain authorities.
    [Show full text]
  • 2012 Band Website
    Tr i b a l C o u n c i l H r * A&duij J I he Pula Baud of Mission Jndloiis is governed by an Executive Committee composed MiiwiifrniiinFiinnr of six iiiettilefs elected by the General Counci!^ which includes all qualified voters 13 years and older PaL r.EZ Elections areheldeveryi'^-years-m; November. The Tribe.Is'brgahized under Articles of fi,3 F M . ; AflsociatiOR apa,royedjn;jij|y,196i'j3hd lateramertded in 1973 and 1980. Currant ( Executive cdqimittee nidiribers-are I paiueii/ Tribal chairman — FLobert Smith 0pcon.jj:;c "McblA.'!- al Vice charmln'Pteroyi.Mirartda _n Secretary ■*- Theressa-Villa Tpriy, •Ss'hn^f'; ;■! ■;. Cuy;rci:LTUiiAL-- TreasureT'^Tlheresa^.: Nieto ■ ■': Feb i » Council Member'^■pibTi: Perez 12 .M t> a m . p.ey®£;S'':C%M B^ h Council Member":-9 Annajee'YadfiZ ROBEKf II. SMHH — 'ITilBAr.Cl£AIR.\J<V>f Wn.ATIipRTCJf 1 Robert H Sriiith serve's "as Chaimran'b'fthe'Pala Band lOfMissibn Indians, a position .he ■ 1 has held *iinteti;S87;yChSitraafTiSrnith;SycceesfUlii^;h J'rSi; compact in CalifPhi»Wjti^;Gt!ygifiiecPet&-Wil^aS ■ ■ ■ :TS&2b •r^fTMU'riturg u ,“ Llie openinq-bhP;aja;!SMiidTcrea|ffi|i;f:hd:psand:sl;of|6bg Wrid; 'If at s 0 »pV .... ilrSS PM residents, <Sj^i:rmbri;:Spth;S::yyQiii^f9t .^e.;fjp^;;ph&;ihciyd^ ' dtrnLat insuiia^:l§C:3P';TO(Tibei-|y;cr#tthgla#li3';»ii^ Fall rc, SliiVvl),' • '*■ $3DU,qoO Vrihai Tf.tSvU) ' , demeterv service for I. i-av. LicWed. ]0;19-■■ tne Pjala RjiS^i^|tjbh/-Gh3irmanlS r.e^pdn.sib a for t; m opening of the pijis > S ffiS ii!’ o o boo 'Oo Tribal Council — Pala Band of Mission Indians bttn:// www.paIatribe.com/about/tribaI-council-l Tribal Council The Pala Band of Mission Indians is governed by an Executive Conmiittee composed of six members elected by the General Council, which includes all qualified voters 18 years and older.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
    CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT February 2019 PALA BAND OF MISSION INDIANS P a g e 0 | 54 CONTENTS Tribal Chairman’s Message ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Purpose ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Background ................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Description of Pala’s Community and Reservation ......................................................................................................... 6 A Resilient People .................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Pala’s Commitment to Its Future .......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Resources Inventory
    CULTURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY FOR THE VILLA AT MISSION SAN LUIS REY CONTINUING CARE RETIREMENT COMMUNITY, CITY OF OCEANSIDE, COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Prepared for Tierra Data Inc. 10110 W. Lilac Road Escondido, CA 92026 Spindrift Project No. 2016-011 Prepared by Arleen Garcia-Herbst, RPA March 2017 4901 Morena Blvd., Suite 208 San Diego, CA 92117 Phone: 858-333-7202 Fax: 855-364-3170 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. ES-1 Section 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Project Location ..................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Project Description ................................................................................................ 1-1 1.3 Area of Potential Effects (APE)............................................................................. 1-1 1.4 Regulatory Context ................................................................................................ 1-2 1.5 Report Organization ............................................................................................... 1-2 Section 2 Setting ............................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Regulatory
    [Show full text]