ATTACHMENT C

PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY SWEETWATER AUTHORITY FINAL PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY FOR THE SWEETWATER AUTHORITY SWEETWATER DAM IMPROVEMENT PROJECT CHULA VISTA, SAN DIEGO COUNTY

Submitted to:

Sweetwater Authority 505 Garrett Avenue Chula Vista, California 91910

Submitted by:

Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure, Inc. 3120 Chicago Avenue, Suite 110 Riverside, California 92507

Jesse Yorck, M.A., RPA – Principal Investigator Patricia Powless, M.A., RPA – Principal Investigator Trisha Drennan, MSc, RPA – Archaeologist

November 2017

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 1315103913

©2017 Amec Foster Wheeler. All Rights Reserved.

USGS National City and Jamul Mountains, Calif. 7.5' quadrangle. Acreage: approximately 0.62 acres

Keywords: Phase I cultural resources inventory, Sections 20 and 21 of T17S, R1W and un- sectioned portions of San Diego County, San Diego County, Sweetwater Dam (37-016325)

Sweetwater Authority Final Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory for Sweetwater Dam Near Bonita, San Diego County, California Amec Foster Wheeler No. 1315103913 November 2017

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Between the months of January and March 2017, and at the request of Sweetwater Authority (Authority), Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure, Inc. (Amec Foster Wheeler) conducted a Phase I cultural resources inventory study for approximately 30.62 acres of developed and semi-developed land at the Sweetwater Reservoir in San Diego County, California. The subject property is located near the community of Bonita, north of California State Route (SR-) 125 and east of SR-54, in Sections 20 and 21 of T17S, R1W (and un- sectioned portions of San Diego County), San Bernardino Baseline and Meridian, as depicted in the U.S. Geological Survey National City and Jamul Mountains, California, 7.5’ quadrangle.

The Authority is proposing to implement proposed maintenance and improvement activities at the Sweetwater Dam (Dam), the South Spillway, and the South Dike. The Phase I cultural resources inventory study was conducted on January 27, 2017, and covered the entire 30.62- acre survey area, except for a few areas to the southeast of the Dam, where steep slope gradients prohibited a pedestrian survey.

The Authority is the lead agency for the Project and required the study to support the preparation of California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)-compliant documentation for the proposed Project. The purpose of this Phase I cultural resources inventory study is to provide the Authority with the necessary information and analysis to determine whether the Project would cause a significant adverse impact to any “historical resources,” as defined by CEQA, that may exist in or around the Project area. In order to identify such resources, Amec Foster Wheeler conducted historical background research, completed an archaeological and historical resources records search, consulted with the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC), and carried out a Phase I pedestrian field survey.

Through the research approaches listed above, this study did encounter historical resources, as defined by CEQA, which include the previously documented features of the Dam (37-016325). As the proposed Project would involve only necessary safety and maintenance modifications to the Dam itself, the South Spillway, and the South Dike, the Project would not adversely alter those physical characteristics of the Dam that convey its historical significance and that justify its inclusion in, or eligibility for, inclusion in the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) (14 California Code of Regulations [CCR] Section (§) 4852). Additionally, the Project follows the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Treatment of Historic Properties as it would entail the addition of in-kind earthen material to the South Dike, which is a normal and on-going aspect of levee safety and capacity compliance. The appearance and function of the Dam itself, the South Spillway, and the South Dike would not be substantially changed. The Project would consequently have a less than significant impact for the purposes of CEQA (14 CCR § 15126.4). Therefore, Amec Foster Wheeler recommends that the proposed Project would not cause a substantial adverse change to any historical resources and that no further cultural resource investigations are necessary at this time.

Page ES-1 Sweetwater Authority Final Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory for Sweetwater Dam Near Bonita, San Diego County, California Amec Foster Wheeler No. 1315103913 November 2017

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... ES-1 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1-1 2.0 NATURAL SETTING ...... 2-1 3.0 PREHISTORIC AND HISTORIC SETTING ...... 3-1 3.1 Prehistoric Context ...... 3-1 3.2 Ethnographic Context ...... 3-3 3.3 Historic Context and Overview ...... 3-3 4.0 METHODS AND RESULTS ...... 4-1 4.1 Record Search ...... 4-1 4.2 Native American Heritage Commission Consultation ...... 4-10 4.3 Field Survey ...... 4-10 5.0 DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 5-1 5.1 Discussion ...... 5-1 5.2 Recommendations ...... 5-2 6.0 REFERENCES ...... 6-1

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Previous Cultural Resource Studies within the Scope of the Records Search ... 4-1

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Project Area Overview ...... 1-2 Figure 2. Project Area, Detailing Separate Elements and Work Areas of the Sweetwater Dam ...... 1-3 Figure 3. Photograph Showing the Sweetwater Dam and Spillway, View Southeast ...... 2-1 Figure 4. Photograph Showing the Dam’s North Parapet, View Northwest ...... 2-2 Figure 5. Photograph Showing the South Dike, View Northeast ...... 2-2 Figure 6. Previous Cultural Resources Studies Within the Scope of the Record Search, Listed by Report Number (1 of 2)...... 4-8 Figure 7. Previous Cultural Resources Studies Within the Scope of the Record Search, Listed by Report Number (2 of 2)...... 4-9

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX A PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS APPENDIX B PREVIOUSLY RECORDED CULTURAL RESOURCES

Page i Sweetwater Authority Final Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory for Sweetwater Dam Near Bonita, San Diego County, California Amec Foster Wheeler No. 1315103913 November 2017

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

% Percent § Section ACHP Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Amec Foster Wheeler Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure, Inc. APE Area of Potential Effect Authority Sweetwater Authority CCR California Code of Regulations CEQA California Environmental Quality Act CRHP California Register of Historic Places CRHR California Register of Historical Resources Dam Sweetwater Dam DNA deoxyribonucleic acid MSL mean sea level NAHC Native American Heritage Commission NC&O National City and Otay NHPA National Historic Preservation Act NRHP National Register of Historic Places ºF Fahrenheit PRC Public Resources Code SCIC South Coastal Information Center SR- State Route

Page ii Sweetwater Authority Final Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory for Sweetwater Dam Near Bonita, San Diego County, California Amec Foster Wheeler No. 1315103913 November 2017

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Between the months of January and March 2017, and at the request of Sweetwater Authority (Authority), Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure, Inc. (Amec Foster Wheeler) performed a Phase I cultural resources inventory study on approximately 30.62 acres of developed and semi-developed land within the Sweetwater Reservoir property, in San Diego County, California. The subject property is located near the community of Bonita, north of California State Route (SR-) 125 and east of SR-54, in Sections 20 and 21 of T17S, R1W (and un-sectioned portions of San Diego County), San Bernardino Baseline and Meridian, as depicted in the U.S. Geological Survey National City and Jamul Mountains, Calif., 7.5’ quadrangle (see Figure 1).

The study is being conducted as a part of the environmental review process for the proposed maintenance of, and improvements to, the Sweetwater Dam (Dam), the South Spillway and South Dike. The Dam has been previously recorded as a National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligible site (37-016325). The Dam, as recorded, is comprised of several structural elements, which are the Dam itself, the intake tower, the spillways, the stilling pool, and the South Dike. The areas within the Dam footprint that are proposed for maintenance and improvement activities include the Dam itself, the South Spillway, the South Dike, and the Sweetwater Reservoir Riding and Hiking Trail, which is located to the west of the Dam. Earthen materials would also be provided by an existing borrow pit located at the southern portion of the Project Area (see Figure 2).

The proposed improvements at the Dam would include raising the 125-foot north parapet wall by 6.7 feet, stabilization of the left abutment wingwall on the southern end of the Dam, the installation of an embedded concrete block at the southern end of the Dam (raising the parapet wall by 1.7 feet), establishing staging areas and crane pads and grading of an access path. Proposed improvements at the South Dike would entail raising the earthen dike by no more than 5 feet on its downstream slope with earthfill. Drainage ditch improvements, the realignment of an existing trail and the use of earthen materials from a nearby borrow pit would also be necessary at and near the South Dike. The South Spillway would be improved through repairing channel floors, the lakeside baffle bench, cracks, localized spalls and exposed reinforcement, grillage beams, as well as the replacement of the spillway crest and the installation of landside channel wall drains.

The Authority is the lead agency for the project and required the study pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The purpose of this study is to provide the Authority with the necessary information and analysis to determine whether the project would cause a significant adverse impact to any “historical resources,” as defined by CEQA, that may exist in or around the Project area. As the Project also involves a resource that appears eligible for the NRHP, affects to “historic properties” as defined by the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966, as amended, will also be addressed. In order to identify such resources, Amec Foster Wheeler conducted historical background research, completed an archaeological and historical resources records search, consulted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and carried out a Phase I pedestrian field survey. The qualifications of staff who participated in this study are detailed in Appendix A.

Page 1-1 BasemapSource: USGS topo 7.5' National City & Jamul Quad Mt Date prepared: Date 9/29/2017

[ Legend 0 1,000 2,000 Survey Area Feet

Preparedby: Mindy Beohm, Amec Foster Wheeler 1 in = 2,000 ft

C:\Users\mindy.beohm\Desktop\archo\Sweetwater(1315103910.0001)\GIS\Untitled.mxd FIGURE Topographic Map Sweetwater Dam Improvment 1 Contractor Staging/Stockpile Area North Abutment Parapet Wall Dam South Spillway Repairs

South Abutment Parapet Wall

To be Improved/Widened BasemapSource: ESRI Imagery

South Dike

South Dike Borrow Area Date prepared: Date 9/29/2017 Possible Borrow Processing Area Contractor Staging/Stockpile Area

Legend

Work Area South Dike [ Staging Area 0 1,000 Burrow Area Feet

Preparedby: Mindy Beohm, Amec Foster Wheeler 1 in = 1,000 ft

C:\Users\mindy.beohm\Desktop\archo\Sweetwater(1315103910.0001)\GIS\work.mxd FIGURE Work Areas Map Sweetwater Dam Improvment 2 Sweetwater Authority Final Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory for Sweetwater Dam Near Bonita, San Diego County, California Amec Foster Wheeler No. 1315103913 November 2017

2.0 NATURAL SETTING

The Project area is situated on land owned by the Authority and is located near the community of Bonita, north of SR-125 and east of SR-54. The Project area is located entirely within the Dam footprint. The Dam was originally constructed between 1886 and 1888, and is currently a curved gravity structure, located on the Sweetwater River in southern San Diego County. The Project area is located in a cismontane river valley, with moderate annual temperatures ranging from an average of 70 degrees Fahrenheit (ºF) in the summertime to 55 ºF in the winter. The Project area spans Coastal Sage Scrub, Native Grassland, Eucalyptus/Non-native Woodland, Disturbed/Ruderal, Riparian Woodland/Scrub and Non-native Grassland vegetation communities.

Additionally, the Project area is located within the drainage basin of the Sweetwater River, which originates in the Cuyamaca Mountains and passes through Loveland Reservoir to the northeast and drains into San Diego Bay to the southwest. The Project area is located at the southwest corner of the Sweetwater Reservoir and is generally flat or terraced, with the exception of steep slopes of a hillside to the south of the Dam itself, and marshy environment on undulating terrain south of the South Dike. The majority of the surface sediments comprising the Project area are rocky silt loam variants. The entire Project area has been mechanically altered (through grading, excavation, inundation and stockpiling) presumably in support of the Dam construction and by ongoing maintenance activities. The elevation of the Area of Potential Effect (APE) is approximately 220-260 feet above mean sea level (MSL) (see Figures 3 through 5).

Figure 3. Photograph Showing the Sweetwater Dam and Spillway, View Southeast

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Figure 4. Photograph Showing the Dam’s North Parapet, View Northwest

Figure 5. Photograph Showing the South Dike, View Northeast

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3.0 PREHISTORIC AND HISTORIC SETTING

Archaeological research efforts in San Diego County date back to the 1920s, and more specifically, began with the works of Malcolm Rogers. Rogers established the first systematic culture history and artifact typologies of Southern California during the course of more than 40 years of field investigations. His investigations of San Dieguito and Archaic flake stone tools and settlement patterns (Rogers 1929, 1939, 1958, 1966) and of Yuman ceramics and culture history (Rogers 1936, 1945) have been built upon over the years but they remain the foundation of current archaeological research in the region. The interpretation of the culture history of the region is largely based on his work throughout Southern California (Rogers 1939, 1945, 1966). Meighan (1954), Moriarty (1966), True (1958, 1966, 1970) Wallace (1955, 1978) and Warren (1968) also developed a variety of “cultures”, “complexes”, “traditions”, and “periods” based on Roger’s initial works and there is a general agreement for chronology for the San Diego Region and the Yuman sphere of influence that includes the Paleoindian, Archaic and Late Prehistoric (Bull 1983; Ezell 1987; Moriarty 1966; Warren 1987).

Whether one agrees with the three-tiered prehistoric model that is based on Roger’s work, which separates the Paleoindian and Archaic, or the two-tiered model that combines them, both models are couched in material evidence. Native American oral tradition presents alternative evidence that states the Kumeyaay have always been here or have been here for far longer than the established date for the Late Period (Carrico 2008). In addition, until very recently (2007) anthropologists have argued for the Bering Strait “multiple waves” migration hypothesis, which put modern Native American tribes in North America anywhere between 17,500 to 6,000 years ago. There has not been any definitive evidence to link the Paleoindian Tradition occupants to the later inhabitants of the Colorado Desert area, hence, the San Dieguito “culture,” periods and complexes based on cultural materials; however, recent deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) evidence has now added support for a single source migration and population of North and South American as early as 30,000 years ago (Wang et al. 2007). This evidence comes from a unique genetic variant that is "widespread in Native Americans across both American continents – suggesting that the first humans in the Americas came in a single migration or multiple waves from a single source, not in waves of migrations from different sources" (Rueter 2007; Wang et al. 2007). It is notable that archaeological and anthropological theory and tribal oral histories that place ethnohistoric tribes in the area is currently supported with DNA evidence. For now, one variation of the established chronology for the San Diego region is presented below.

3.1 Prehistoric Context

The archaeological record has provided material evidence of five successive periods that may be defined for the San Diego region, extending back in time over a period of at least 10,000 years. They are: (1) Paleoindian (San Dieguito); (2) Archaic (La Jolla/Pauma); (3) Late Prehistoric (Yuman); (4) Ethnohistoric and Historic Native American occupation; and (5) Historic Euro-American occupation.

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Paleoindian Period (San Dieguito) (~10,000-~7,000 years B.P.) Malcolm Rogers first defined the San Dieguito complex based on surface surveys in the Colorado and Sonoran deserts, but later refined his constructs with excavated material from the C. W. Harris site, a few kilometers up the San Dieguito River from the Pacific Coast in San Diego County, California (Rogers 1939, 1966). Current concepts defining the lithic technology of the San Dieguito complex are based on percussion-flaked cores and the resulting debitage, with little or no evidence of pressure flaking during the first two phases. The San Dieguito III phase tool kit is more diverse with the introduction of fine pressure flaking. Tools include pressure- flaked blades, leaf-shaped projectile points, scraper planes, plano-convex scrapers, crescentics, and elongated bifacial knives (Rogers 1939, 1958, 1966; Warren and True 1961; Warren 1967).

The San Dieguito “culture,” is a hunter-gatherer adaption consisting of small mobile bands exploiting small and large game and collecting seasonally available wild plants. The absence of milling tools from any complex had been seen as reflecting a lack of hard nuts and seeds in the diet, and as a cultural marker separating the San Dieguito culture from the later Archaic culture (Moratto 1984, Rogers 1966, Warren 1967); however, portable manos and metates are now being increasingly recognized at coastal sites radiocarbon dated in excess of 8,000 B.P. and in association with late San Dieguito (III) adaptation.

Archaic Period (La Jolla/Pauma) (~7,000-~2,000 years B.P.) The La Jolla Complex and the Pauma Complex are considered geographic variations within the existent hunting and gathering adaptations characterizing the Archaic period (True 1958; Warren et al. 1961), which is also referred to as the Millingstone Horizon (Wallace 1955). Debate continues as to whether inhabitants migrated into San Diego County from the coast or inland; however, the earliest known Archaic Period sites are located near coastal lagoons and river valleys, and include the Harris Site (CA-SDI-149), Agua Hedionda (CA-SDI-210 and CA- SDI-10695), Rancho Park North (CA-SDI-4392/SDM-W-49) and Remington Hills (CA-SDI- 11069). These coastal Archaic adaptations (La Jolla Complex) are characterized by shell middens, cobble-based tools, basin metates, manos, discoidals/cogged stones, and flexed burials.

The inland Archaic adaptation (Pauma Complex) is generally characterized by basin and slab metates, manos, domed-scrapers, a small number of Pinto and Elko series projectile points, knives, discoidals/cogged stones, cobble hammers and a predominance of volcanic rock as a source material for tools and debitage. True initially identified these Archaic period sites with artifact assemblages that were different from their coastal counterparts and labeled them “Pauma Complex” (True 1958, 1980; True and Beemer 1982), however, it is possible that the La Jolla and Pauma Complexes may represent resource exploitation patterns of a single Archaic settlement system and people, and as the resources and environment changed, so did the technology and tools.

Late Prehistoric Period (Yuman) (~2,000-~240 years B.P.) It is generally accepted that approximately 2,000 years ago Yuman-speaking people from the eastern Colorado River region may have already begun migrating into Southern California. In northern San Diego County after 1,500 B.P., Shoshonean-speakers also migrated into the area. Inland and mountain villages were established along major water sources. It is generally

Page 3-2 Sweetwater Authority Final Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory for Sweetwater Dam Near Bonita, San Diego County, California Amec Foster Wheeler No. 1315103913 November 2017 accepted that the mountainous areas were seasonally occupied for the exploitation of acorns and pinon nuts, however, during the ethnohistoric period villages were noted in the mountain region, especially in the Laguna and Cuyamaca Mountains.

The Late Prehistoric period material cultural pattern is characterized in the archaeological record, which distinguishes this period from earlier periods by the introduction of pottery, small triangular projectile points (representing bow-and-arrow technology), increasing numbers of metate and mano (representing intensification/emphasis of exploitation of plant resources), as well as portable mortars, triangular knives, bone awls and cremations.

3.2 Ethnographic Context

Prior to European settlement Kumeyaay territory extended from the Colorado Desert to the Pacific Ocean, north to Warner Springs and south to Ensenada in Baja California (Pico 2000). According to Carrico (1985), the Indian population was approximately 20,000 in San Diego at the time of Spanish arrival in 1769. By Kroeber’s (1925) standard this figure is considered high, however, the archaeological and early historical records give supporting evidence that the Kumeyaay were not “simple or typical hunters and gatherers” (Carrico 2008). The early historical records provided documentation how they controlled the vegetation through fire management and moved from one environmental zone to another on a regular seasonal basis in order to collect large and varied quantities of food.

The Yuman-speaking Kumeyaay people were autonomous, self-governing bands or clans and had clearly defined territories that included individual and collectively owned properties. According to Pico (2000), a band's territory extended anywhere from 10 to 30 miles, along streams and tributaries. The territory included trails, shared hunting areas and religious, ceremonial and common gathering areas. The Kumeyaay united in defense of their territory and communicated by foot couriers. Throughout this vast area trails were forged by the Kumeyaay through the mountains, deserts and river valleys for the purposes of trading, gathering for funerals and marriages and competitive games with neighboring nations.

Within the Kumeyaay group there are numerous bands, clans, and familial groupings, one of which is the Kwaaymii. The Kwaaymii were a family or sub-band that lived in the Sunrise Highway area of the Laguna Mountains in east San Diego County (Carrico 1983). The Kwaaymii originally had three primary permanent villages in the Laguna Mountains as well as seasonal gathering areas and numerous trails through the mountains, deserts and valleys (Cline 1980, 1984).

3.3 Historic Context and Overview

Spanish explorers were the first Europeans to pass through the region in with Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo in 1542, an explorer commissioned by the monarch of Spain. Cabrillo arrived in San Diego bay and named it San Miguel after the saint whose feast day was closest to his landing date, in keeping with Spanish tradition. Sebastian Viscaino led another Spanish expedition in 1602, and renamed the harbor it San Diego after Saint Didacus of Alcalá, whose feast day was closest to the landing. However, the Historic Period proper truly began with the arrival of the

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Spanish Colonial missionaries, soldiers, and settlers to San Diego in 1769. They established the San Diego presidio, and on July 16, 1769, Father Junipero Serra established the first Mission San Diego de Alcalá in what is now Mission Valley. Five years later the site of the mission was relocated six miles east up the San Diego River to the present location by Father Jayme with Father Serra’s approval. The new site was close to the San Diego River and the Kumeyaay villages. Although Father Jayme had good relationship with the Kumeyaay, it is believed that the indigenous inhabitants had became discontented with Spanish rules and regulations, and therefore incited hundreds of Indians in remote villages to riot. According to Father Palou's report of the incident, eight hundred American Indians stormed onto the grounds in the middle of the night on November 4, 1775. They pillaged the mission, burned it to the ground and massacred Father Jayme, who became California's first Christian martyr. Carrico (2008) explains that the revolt likely took place as a result of overall effect of six years of contact with a perceived foreign threat of the Spanish, the increased religious conversions of their people, long term effects of cattle grazing on their native grasslands, the spread of deadly introduced diseases and the rape of Native women.

In 1821, Mexico gained its independence from Spain and subsequently took possession of California. Under the Mexican government, Catholic Church-owned lands were eventually secularized and confiscated. In theory, the lands were to be redistributed to the Indians living in or near the missions. However, most of the lands were distributed to large landowners via land grants. In 1846, the Mexican-American war broke out in California and continued until 1848 with signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo when Mexico ceded California to the U.S.

The American Period (1848 to current) brought even more change to the San Diego region. Where land grants were primarily large and selective during the Mexican Period, the American Period brought better opportunity for smaller plots and more people in the surrounding area outside the town of San Diego (now known as Old Town San Diego). California was admitted to the Union in 1850, and grew rapidly after 1880. During the 1850s many people stopped briefly in San Diego, but the majority headed north to the gold fields. Few settlers remained in San Diego. By the 1860s, many businesses had closed, but individuals such as William H. Davis and Alonzo Horton saw promise in San Diego and invested in what would become New Town or the Horton Addition. Businesses and residents began moving into New Town and within five years San Diego experienced the first of its many real estate booms. The town continued to grow and increase its infrastructure, such as a new county courthouse in 1871. By 1885, a transcontinental railroad route had come to San Diego. By 1890, the population had reached 16,159, an increase of 513 percent (Engstrand 2005).

In the late 19th century, San Diego Land and Town Company, employing the skills of designer and construction supervisor James D. Schuyler, constructed the Sweetwater Dam in the cismontane river valley of the lower Sweetwater River. The Dam, built between 1886 and 1888, comprises the current Project area footprint. In conjunction with the National City and Otay (NC&O) Railway, the Dam brought commerce to the area and enabled the transformation of the Sweetwater Valley into a major citrus production and farming center of San Diego County. Although not listed on the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR), the Dam was recommended eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1988.

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4.0 METHODS AND RESULTS

4.1 Record Search

A record search for this study was conducted on January 19, January 25, and February 17, 2017, by Amec Foster Wheeler archaeologist Trisha Drennan, MSc, RPA, at the South Coastal Information Center (SCIC), located at the San Diego State University. Information regarding previously documented cultural resources and existing cultural resource study reports within 1- mile of the Project area were compiled, the results of which are detailed below.

The results of the records search indicate that 21 cultural resource investigations have been conducted within the current Project area, and that a total of 98 cultural resource studies have been conducted outside of, but within a mile of the Project area (see Table 1 as well as Figure 6 and 7). The investigations conducted within the Project area include those completed for the Sweetwater River Regional Park and Community Plan, the Sweetwater Creek Flood Plain, the SR-125 project the San Diego Water Authority Pipeline and the Bonita Road Replacement Project. Historical resource and archaeological studies were conducted for the Dam, the Sweetwater Reservoir and Sweetwater Valley.

The previous cultural resource studies conducted within 1-mile of the Project Area are listed below. Table 1. Previous Cultural Resource Studies within the Scope of the Records Search Report Number Author/Year Report Title SD-00005 Davis, McMillan Cultural Resource Survey and Archaeological Testing of the 1989 Rancho San Miguel Property (Northern Position) Bonita, California SD-00151 Berryman, Archaeological Investigation of: Mt. Miguel Project. Stanley R. 1976 SD-00462 Corum, Joyce Report on an Archaeological Test Excavation at SDI-5702, Bonita, M. 1979 California. SD-00667 Ferguson, Darla Archaeological Survey Report for Bay Terraces East Units 4 & 5 and Charles Bull 1979 SD-00718 Kaldenberg, An Archaeological Resource Impact Report for the Southern Russell L. and Portion of Rancho Bonita Miguel Charles Bull 1975 SD-00725 Kaldenberg, An Archaeological Resource Impact and Mitigation Report for Russell L. 1975 McMillin's Bonita Valley View SD-00800 Kelsay, An Archaeological Survey Report for Proposed Interchanges and Richalene 1988 Widening on State Route 54, San Diego County, California 11-SD- 54 P.M. 1.8/5.7 11221-010130 SD-00838 Fink, Gary 1978 Sweetwater Regional Park Bonita, California. A California Resource Assessment Project No. UJ0234 SD-00868 Fink, Gary R. Archaeological and Historical Resources of the Spring Valley Creek 1975 Floodplain, Spring Valley, California Project No. UJ0129 SD-00895 Chace, Paul G. An Archaeological Survey of the Honey Springs Off-Site Water Line 1983 Appendix VI to the Archaeology of Honey Springs, San Diego County (1980) (EAD Log #81-19-24)

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Table 1. Previous Cultural Resource Studies within the Scope of the Records Search (Continued) Report Number Author/Year Report Title SD-00931 Fink, Gary R. Archaeological Survey for the Proposed Bonita Road Bridge and Janet Replacement Project No. IC6007 Hightower 1978 SD-00991 Gross, Tim 1974 A Report of Cultural Impact Survey Phase II Project: P.M. 1.9-16.3 11-AD-54 Rte. 805 to Rte. 8 SD-01030 Gallegos, Cultural Resource Survey for Eastlake Otay Water District Dennis and Improvements Chula Vista, California Richard Carrico 1985 SD-01062 Fulmer, Scott Mitigation of Bonita Vista "Archaeology" 1977 SD-01110 Chace, Paul G. An Archaeological Survey of Millar Ranch Road, County of San and Robert M. Diego (A Part of the Hidden Valley Ranch Project) Yohee II 1989 SD-01139 Lloyd, Deborah Archaeological Reconnaissance Investigation of the Morrison Sand T. 1981 Plant Property Sweetwater, California. SD-01150 Laylander, Don Extended Phase I Investigations of Six Prehistoric Sites (CA-SDI- 1989 10993-10995-10997-10998-1100) in the Spring Valley-Lemon Grove Area, San Diego County, California SD-01208 Corum, Joyce Third Addendum Phase I Archaeological Survey and Extended M. 1989 Phase I Investigation for Proposed Highway Widening and Realignment of State Route 94, 11-SD-94 (P.M. 16.3-17.8), 11208- 160331. SD-01294 Norwood, Cultural Resource Assessment for the Miguel Substation. Richard H. 1979 SD-01326 McCoy, Lesley Archaeological Survey of Bay Terraces East C. and Brian Hunter 1979 SD-01364 Rosen, Martin Archaeological Survey Report for Proposed State Route 125 from D. 1990 State Route 905 (Near the Second Border Crossing) to State Route 54 (Near the Sweetwater Reservoir), San Diego County, California SD-01522 Underwood, Archaeological Survey Vista Del Lago Unit #3 Bradley B. 1976 SD-01543 TerraMar Results of an Archaeological Survey of an Area Around the International Sweetwater Reservoir Services, Inc. (n.d.) SD-01582 Wade, Sue A. Cultural Resources Survey of the GTC Project Area, San Diego 1985 County SD-01746 McCorkle Apple, Bonita-Miguel Substation: Archaeological Investigations into the Rebecca et al. History and Prehistory of the Substation Area 1986 SD-01863 Hector, Susan Archaeological Investigations at Bonita Meadows San Diego, 1984 California SD-01911 Hatley, M. Jay Impact Mitigation Report for the Vista Del Lago Estates Unit 3 1979 Property, Cultural Resource SDM-W-1857 (CAL:E:8:16) SD-02077 County of San Draft Environmental Impact Report Sweetwater Community Plan Diego 1988 Update GPA 88-03 SD-02078 County of San Draft Environmental Impact Report for Sweetwater Regional Park Diego 1989 Revised Schematic Master Plan and Major Use Permit

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Table 1. Previous Cultural Resource Studies within the Scope of the Records Search (Continued) Report Number Author/Year Report Title SD-02132 County of San Draft Environmental Impact Report for Sweetwater Regional Park Diego 1979 Bonita, California SD-02462 Smith, Brian Results of an Archaeological Survey and Evaluation of Cultural F.1991 Resources within the Rancho San Miquel Subdivision Project SD-02525 Crafts, Karen Negative Archaeological Report Third Addendum 1992 SD-02567 Wade, Sue Cultural Resource Survey Off-Site Access Road Improvement 1992 Area, Chollas Heights Naval Housing, San Diego SD-02575 White, Chris and Negative Archaeological Survey Report Fourth Addendum Route Karen Crafts 94 Realignment 1992 SD-02610 Berryman, Environmental Constraints Study for the Central-Brairwood Stanley 1991 Connector SD-02718 Cook, John et Archaeological Mitigation for Vista Del Lago Unit #4 Spring Valley, al. 1977 California SD-02795 Baksh, Michael Cultural Resource Survey for San Diego Water Authority Pipeline 1991 4E11, San Diego County SD-02848 Cultural Proposed Miguel Substation Expansion Area Project: Surface Systems Reconnaissance Letter Report Volumes I & II Research, Inc.1982 SD-02858 Van Bueren, Historical Study Report for the Root Homestead and Yamamato Thad M. et al. Farm Workers Camp I-125 Project 1994 SD-02882 Davis, McMillan Archaeological Testing of The Rancho San Miguel Property at al. 1989 (Southern Portion) Bonita, California SD-02895 Davis, McMillan Cultural Resources Survey of the Rancho San Miguel Property et al. 1989 (Central Portion) Bonita California SD-03363 Brown, Joan C. Archaeological Monitoring of Excavation during Sewer Group Job 1998 629 (Capital Improvements No.44-001.0) SD-03402 Smith, Brian Results of an Archaeological-Historical Study for the City Heights 1991 Redevelopment Plan SD-03771 McDonald, Meg Phase Ii Evaluation of Ten Prehistoric Archaeological Sites (CA- and Drew SDI-9185, -9256, -11,454, -11,455, -12,912, -12,913, -12,914, - Pallette 1994 12,915, -12,916, -12,917) In the Sunnyside Area, San Diego County, California SD-03836 Townsend, Jan Southwest Powerlink Cultural Resources Management Plan 1984 SD-04264 Brian F. Mooney Archaeological Testing and NR Eligibility for JIF-G Border Lighting Associates 1994 Project Otay Mesa SD-04310 Carrico, Richard Archaeological Survey Report for the Bonita Road Replacement 1995a Project County of San Diego, California SD-04397 Kyle, Carolyn Replacement of National City Bridge 1995 SD-04458 Carrico, Richard Historic Property Survey Report for the Bonita Road Bridge 1995b Replacement Project County of San Diego, CA SD-04491 Wirth Bonita-Miguel Substation Archaeological Investigations into the Associates 1986 History and Prehistory of the Substation Area SD-04530 White, Chris Preliminary Finding of Effect (FOE) State Road 125-South 1995

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Table 1. Previous Cultural Resource Studies within the Scope of the Records Search (Continued) Report Number Author/Year Report Title SD-04556 Smith, Brian Results of an Archaeological Survey and Evaluation of Cultural 1998 Resources within the Rancho San Miguel Subdivision Project Sectional Planning Area SD-04594 City of San Public Notice of Proposed Mitigated Negative Declaration Home Diego 1991 Avenue Trunk Sewer SD-04642 Westec 1982 Bonita Meadows Estates Draft Environmental Impact Report SD-04730 Carrico, Richard Historic Architectural Survey Report for the Bonita Road Bridge 1995 Replacement Project County of San Diego, California SD-04750 Carrico, Richard Archaeological Survey Report for the Bonita Road Bridge 1995 Replacement Project, County of San Diego, California SD-04971 RECON 1983 Draft EIR for Bonita Meadows Estates County of San Diego SD-05294 Carrico, Richard Historic Property Survey for the Bonita Road Bridge Replacement 1995 Project County of San Diego, California SD-05486 Mikesell, Historic Resources Evaluation Report Sweetwater Dam NC&O Stephen D. Sweetwater Branch Sweetwater Quarries 1999 SD-05507 Wade, Sue Historic Properties Inventory for Secondary Treatment Clean Water 1990 Program for Greater San Diego: Confidential Appendices SD-05942 Caltrans and Phase II and Extended Phase I Tests at Seven Prehistoric Don Laylander Archaeological Sites (CA-SDI-10991; 10992; 10993; 10995; 10996; 1992 10998; And 11001) in the Spring Valley-Lemon Grove Area, San Diego County, California SD-06099 Caltrans 1998 Supplemental Information to the Third Supplemental Historic Property Survey Report for Biological Mitigation Sites, Utility Relocation Sweetwater Road Realignment, and the Evaluation Of The Sweetwater Dam, Sweetwater Quadrangles And National City SD-06243 Kyle, Carolyn E. Draft Otay Mesa Road Widening Project Cultural Resources et al. 1995 Technical Report SD-06425 Carrico, Richard Historic Resources Inventory Sweetwater Valley 1990 SD-06496 Bureau of Land Bonita-Miguel Archaeological District Management (n.d.) SD-06506 Crafts, Karen Negative Archaeological Survey Report-Fourth Addendum-11-SD- 1993 94 P.M. 1.8/5.4 & 11-Sd-54 P.M. 5.3/6.7 & 11-Sd 125 P.M. 11.2/R15.6 SD-06617 Brian Smith & Results of an Archaeological Survey & Evaluation of Cultural Assoc. 1989 Resources within the Rancho San Miguel Subdivision Project Chula Vista, CA EIR-90-2 (Confidential Appendices) SD-06776 Caltrans 1981 Archaeological Survey Report for a Realignment Project on Route 94 at Lyons Valley Rd. 11-AD-944 P.M.19.2-19.5 SD-06806 McCoy, Leslie Archaeological Survey of Bay Terraces East and Brian Hunter 1979 SD-06897 Widell, Cherilyn Bonita Road Bridge Replacement Project 1996 SD-07089 Robbins-Wade, San Miguel Point, Sweetwater Reservoir Recreation Area Mary 2000 SD-07089 Robbins-Wade, San Miguel Point, Sweetwater Reservoir Recreation Area Mary 2000

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Table 1. Previous Cultural Resource Studies within the Scope of the Records Search (Continued) Report Number Author/Year Report Title SD-07099 Speulda, Lou San Miguel Ranch Buildings Evaluation Ann 1999 SD-07292 Wade, Sue Test Excavations at Three Sites within the SR-125 Proposed 1988 Alignment SD-07379 Caltrans 1998 Second Supplemental Historic Property Survey Report: Final Preferred Alternative State Route 125 South SD-07401 Byrd, Brian Phase II Archaeological Evaluation of Prehistoric Site CA-SDI- 1994 11453, Sunnyside, San Diego County, California SD-07659 Caltrans 1990 Archaeological Survey Report for Proposed State Route 125 from State Route 905 (near the second border crossing) to State Route 54 (near Sweetwater Reservoir) SD-07674 Smith, Brian F. Results of an Archaeological Survey and Evaluation of Cultural 1997 Resources within the Rancho San Miguel Subdivision (San Miguel Ranch) Project Sectional Planning Area SD-07833 Nighabhlain, Southwestern College Cultural Resources Survey Sinead 2000 SD-07982 Duke, Curt 2000 Cultural Resource Assessment for Pacific Bell Wireless Facility SD 406-02 County of San Diego, CA SD-08068 Gallegos, Cultural Resources Test Results for the Otay Mesa Generating Dennis R. And Project Jeffery Flenniken 2000 SD-08145 Collett, Russell Results of Cultural Resource Survey for the Proposed Miguel- O. and Dayle M. Mission 230 KV #2 Project, San Diego County, California Cheever 2002 SD-08435 Wright, Gail Negative Cultural Resources Survey Report for International 2003 Brands MVP 03-009; Log No. 03-18-002; APN #584-170-07; Negative Findings SD-08659 Fulmer, Scott Draft Report Archaeological Investigation of SDI-9091 1982 SD-08660 Gregg, Susan Archaeology Survey and Report Rancho Bonita Estates 1978 SD-08662 Underwood, Archaeology Survey Vista Del Lago #4 A Part of the Environmental Bradley 1976a Impact Report SD-08665 MSA, Inc. 1980 Focused Draft Environmental Impact Report GPA 80-02 Sweetwater No. 1- Mobile Home Park SD-08681 Dolan, Christy Historic Property Survey Report: Plaza Boulevard Road Widening 2003 Project National City, San Diego County, California SD-09151 Wright, Gail Cultural Resources Survey Report for TM 5367, Log. No. 04-18- 2004 004-Leigh Avenue Subdivision APN 586-190-12-00 Negative Findings SD-09319 Hirsch, Jennifer Documentation of the Powder House at Sweetwater Dam, San 2004 Diego, California SD-09387 Beddow, Donna Negative Cultural Resources Survey Report for Madrid Ranch 2005 Estates TM5363/Log No. 04-19-006 APN 585-112-08 SD-09485 Robbins-Wade, Archaeological Survey, Sweetwater Reservoir Fencing Mary 1993 SD-09871 Carrico, Richard Archaeological Investigation at Bonita Estates Unit No. 1 1977

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Table 1. Previous Cultural Resource Studies within the Scope of the Records Search (Continued) Report Number Author/Year Report Title SD-10070 Rosen, Martin Historic Property Survey Report for State Route 125-South Project 2006 Trails, Utilities, Campground Improvements, and other Project Betterments San Diego County, California SD-10587 Wlodarski, Wireless Facilities Inc. (WFI) Proposed Call Site SS-120-01 Robert 2007 (Sweetwater Regional Park) Located at 3218 Summit Meadow Road, Bonita, California 91902 SD-10937 Van Wormer, Historic Report on the Old Commissary Building at Sweetwater Stephen R. and Dam Susan D. Walter 1999 SD-10938 Hector, Susan Supplement and Draft Environmental Impact Report for the M. and William Sweetwater Reservoir Urban Runoff Diversion System R. Graham 1987 SD-11162 Caltrans 1992 Historic Property Survey Report For The Construction Of Route 125 Between Routes 54 And 94, San Diego County, California, Volume 2 Of 3 SD-11163 Caltrans 1992 Historic Property Survey Report For The Construction Of Route 125 Between Routes 54 And 94, San Diego County, California, Volume 3 Of 3 SD-11184 Pierson, Larry Archaeological Monitoring For The State Route 125 South and Jeffery Connector Project Henry 2009 SD-11455 Wahoff, Tayna Cultural Resources Inventory for the R. Perdue Water Treatment and Collin Tuthill Plan Upgrade and Expansion Project, San Diego County, California 2006 SD-12166 Rosen, Martin SR-125-South 11th Supplemental Historic Properties Survey 2008 Report SD-12301 Jordan, Stacey Revised Data Recovery Plan For The Excavation And Analysis Of and Richard Site CA-SDI-14,879, The U.S. Grant Jr. Residence, Bonita, Carrico 2004 California SD-13234 Bray, Madeleine Sweetwater Main Dam Raw Water Pipeline Replacement Project, 2011 San Diego County, CA SD-13648 Blotner, Nicole ETS #20500; Tl 13826 Miguel To Proctor Valley, W-S Pole 2010 Replacement Cultural Resources Inventory Report SD-13649 Morgan, Nicole ETS #20500; Tl 13826 Miguel To Proctor Valley, W-S Pole 2011 Replacement Phase Ii Testing Report SD-13650 Clowery, Sara ETS #8360; Tl 6910 Wood To Steel, Miguel To Border Substations, and Nicole Cultural Resources Inventory Report Blotner 2010 SD-13686 Whitaker, ETS #20904, Cultural Resources Monitoring For Erosion Damage James 2011 Repair At SDG&E Miguel Substation Storage Yard, San Diego County, California SD-13843 Robbins-Wade, Cultural Resources Assessment, CA-SDI-10178 San Miguel Point, Mary 2011 Sweetwater Reservoir, San Diego County, California SD-14310 Loftus, Shannon Cultural Resource Records Search And Site Survey AT&T Site 2012 SD0363 South County Animal Shelter 5821 Sweetwater Road Bonita, San Diego County, California 91902 SD-15208 Whitaker, ETS #23542, Cultural Resources Monitoring For The Cmp, Tl 632, James 2013 Z249788 Pole Replacement Project, San Diego County, California (HDR #191564)

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Table 1. Previous Cultural Resource Studies within the Scope of the Records Search (Continued) Report Number Author/Year Report Title SD-15223 Tennesen, ETS #28413, Phase Three Cultural Resources Testing Results For Kristin 2015 The Miguel Sub And Otay Mesa Reconfig For Pio Pico Energy Center Project, San Diego County, California (HDR #249663) SD-15227 Tennesen, ETS #24738, Cultural Resources Monitoring For The Intrusive Pole Kristin 2013 Inspections, Olym, Proc, Tcyn Project, San Diego County, California (HDR #206666) SD-15490 Whitaker, Geotechnical Investigation, Landslide Hazard Evaluation At Miguel James 2015 Substation Project, San Diego County, California (HDR #251014) SD-15715 Tennesen, ETS #30188, Cultural Resources Testing Results for the Miguel Kristin 2015b Drainage Study for Miguel Substation Complex Project, San Diego County, California SD-15716 Tennesen, ETS #30188, Cultural Resources Testing Results for the Miguel Kristin 2015b Drainage Study for Miguel Substation Complex Project, San Diego County, California SD-15879 Wills, Carrie Cultural Resource Records Search And Site Visit Results For 2014 Verizon Wireless Candidate 'Miguel Ranch', 6556 Jonel Way, Bonita, San Diego County, California SD-16183 Tennesen, ETS #28746, Cultural Resources Monitoring For The Tl 13824 Kristin 2015c Fiber Optic, Miguel To Los Coches Project, San Diego County, California (HDR #266367) SD-16369 Roy, Julie 2014 Letter Report: ETS 28849 - Cultural Resources Monitoring Report For Miguel Substation Fire Suppression Modification, Community Of Bonita, San Diego County, California - Io 7011103

A total of 36 cultural resources have been previously recorded within a 1-mile radius of the Project Area. A single previously documented archaeological site, the Dam (Site 37-016325), comprises the majority of the Project area footprint. Although not listed on the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) or the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), the Sweetwater Dam was recorded and evaluated in 1998 and recommended eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and C. Its period of significance is from 1917 to 1940. In addition to the records search at the South Coastal Information Center (SCIC), the California Office of Historic Preservation was consulted for all CRHR and NRHP listings within the 1-mile search radius. No listings were found in the search radius.

In addition to the Dam, the 36 cultural resources identified outside of the Project area, but within a 1-mile radius, included prehistoric habitation and camp sites, hunting blinds, quarry sites; lithic, marine shell, ceramic and groundstone scatters; milling stations, hearths and rock alignments. Historic-era cultural resources within a mile of the Project Area include historic buildings, a church, remnants of the NC&O Railroad and historic bottle glass fragments. Also listed were three unidentified isolates within a 1-mile radius of the Project area. All cultural resources recorded within 1 mile of the Project Area are detailed in Appendix B of this report.

Given the results of previous archaeological studies in the APE vicinity and the proximity of previously documented resources, the prehistoric and historic archaeological sensitivity of the APE vicinity appear to be high.

Page 4-7 Scope of Record Seach SD-00895

SD-03402 SD-02718 SD-00151 SD-04264

SD-01110

SD-01911 SD-04556 SD-01522 SD-01582 SD-06243 SD-06617 SD-01030 SD-00005 SD-06099 SD-02895 SD-01543 SD-02462 SD-03836 SD-00868 SD-02848 SD-03771 SD-01294 SD-06776 SD-01746 SD-04491 SD-05942 SD-03771 SD-06496 SD-02575

Basemap Basemap Source:USGS 7.5' National topo City Jamul Quad & Mt SD-02077 SD-03771 SD-00718 SD-06425 SD-05486 SD-02858

SD-02795 SD-01150 SD-06617 SD-02882 SD-04310 SD-02132 SD-01030 SD-02078 SD-00838 SD-04556 SD-02462

Date prepared: Date 3/13/2017 SD-00991 SD-04530 SD-02795 SD-06806 SD-02567 SD-01364 SD-01326 SD-01208 SD-00800 SD-01863 SD-04971 SD-04642

SD-00667 SD-04397 SD-00931 Legend SD-06506 SD-03363 SD-01139 [ Project Area 0 1,000 2,000 Feet !( Prevous Study Area 1 in = 2,000 ft Prepared by: Mindy Prepared Beohm,Amec Foster Wheeler

C:\Users\mindy.beohm\Desktop\archo\Sweetwater\GIS\study.mxd FIGURE Topographic Map Previous Studies Sweetwater Dam Improvment 6 Scope of Record Seach

SD-08659

SD-08662 SD-07099 SD-10938 SD-07674 SD-08435

SD-09151 SD-15715 SD-16369!( !( SD-09485 SD-15490 SD-13686 SD-15208 SD-08068 SD-07089 SD-08145 SD-11455 SD-13649 SD-13843 SD-13648 SD-13648 SD-11162 SD-10937 SD-15227

Basemap Basemap Source:USGS 7.5' National topo City Jamul Quad & Mt SD-11455 SD-11184 SD-13234

SD-10587 SD-07982 SD-09319 SD-07833 SD-09387 SD-15879 SD-11163 SD-09485 SD-07292 SD-07674 SD-10200

Date prepared: Date 3/13/2017 SD-10070 SD-14310 SD-12301 SD-07659 SD-07379 SD-12166 SD-07292 SD-08665 SD-07401 SD-08660 SD-15227 SD-15227

SD-09871

Legend SD-08681 [ Project Area 0 1,000 2,000 Feet !( Prevous Study Area 1 in = 2,000 ft Prepared by: Mindy Prepared Beohm,Amec Foster Wheeler

C:\Users\mindy.beohm\Desktop\archo\Sweetwater\GIS\study.mxd FIGURE Topographic Map Previous Studies Sweetwater Dam Improvment 7 Sweetwater Authority Final Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory for Sweetwater Dam Near Bonita, San Diego County, California Amec Foster Wheeler No. 1315103913 November 2017

4.2 Native American Heritage Commission Consultation

On January 30, 2017, Amec Foster Wheeler submitted a sacred lands file request to the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to determine whether their files indicate the presence of cultural sites within or immediately adjacent to the APE. On March 10, 2017, the NAHC responded that the sacred lands record search was completed with negative results.

4.3 Field Survey

An intensive field survey of the APE was conducted by Amec Foster Wheeler senior archaeologist Jesse Yorck, RPA on January 27, 2017. The methodology of the pedestrian survey included walking east-west, and meandering transects of the entire Project area, spaced no more than 10 meters (i.e., approximately 32.8 feet) apart. The ground surface was visually inspected for any signs of human use dating to more than 50 years old. Areas with disturbed or exposed soils were particularly scrutinized for indications of cultural materials. Ground visibility was generally poor-to-fair (40-50 percent [%]) at the southern aspect of the Project area, near the South Dike, and fair-to-good (60-70%) at the northern aspect, near the Dam itself. Modern trash including milled wood fragments and non-diagnostic, rusted metal objects were encountered. These items did not have historic or archaeological value. It appears as though 100% of the Project Area has been previously disturbed by construction and maintenance activities related to the Dam, the South Dike, and the associated roads and trails.

No new cultural resources were identified during the field survey, however, the previously documented Sweetwater Dam (Site 37-016325), including the Dam, South Spillway, and South Dike, comprised the majority of the Project area (refer to Figure 2). Site 37-016325 was last documented in 1988 and recommended eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP); the site has not changed significantly in appearance since that recordation event.

The Dam was originally recorded and evaluated as part of the Historical Resource Evaluation for Sweetwater Dam, NC&O Railroad Sweetwater Branch, and Sweetwater Quarries (Mikesell 1998). The Dam is considered eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and C, with its period of significance being from 1917 to 1940. Its significance stems from its importance as a composite structure illustrating how a marginal, largely reconstructed dam was transformed into a safe and useful structure that provided drinking water to the San Diego region (Mikesell 1998). The integrity of the Dam stems from its appearance dating to 1911; the central core, abutments and spillways dating to 1917 were assessed based on its expansion and reconstruction after the 1916 flooding event, which extensively damaged the Sweetwater Dam.

The original 1888 dam was constructed of granite porphyry from local mines. It rose 90 feet and spanned 340 feet, the highest in U.S. history at the time. With the incoming NC&O Railway, the Sweetwater Dam brought commerce to the area and enabled the transformation of the Sweetwater Valley into a major citrus production and farming center of San Diego County. The Dam was structurally altered in 1911 from its masonry arch structure to its current structure as a gravity arch dam. Originally designed by the San Diego Land and Town Company, designer and construction supervisor James D. Schuyler oversaw the project. Utilizing updated materials and

Page 4-10 Sweetwater Authority Final Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory for Sweetwater Dam Near Bonita, San Diego County, California Amec Foster Wheeler No. 1315103913 November 2017 construction methods, JD Schuyler and HN Savage transformed the Dam to develop safe and dependable means of storing water in 1911.

Several alterations have been made to the Dam’s structure (Mikesell 1998). In 1911, the height was increased to 240 feet and in 1917 to elevation 253 feet. In 1939-1940 the central segment parapet was cut to elevation 235 feet making the central portion of the Dam 18 feet lower than the parapet on the spillways. In 1917, the north spillway was constructed of reinforced concrete extending about 140 feet long along the crest. It contains six barrel siphon spillways, each measuring 6 feet by 12 feet. The spillways are separated by vertical concrete buttresses. From the spillways, a long concrete apron reaches to the river bottom. The south spillway includes elements of work from 1888, 1911, and 1917. The south abutment was rebuilt in 1992, but still contains an 1889 tunnel that was lined with concrete in 1987. The stilling basing was built in 1917 of reinforced concrete, and rests downstream roughly 300 feet from the foot of the main Dam. The stilling basin was designed to catch and calm waters from the spillways. The intake tower, located midway along the crest of the Dam, was built in 1888 and rehabilitated in 1989 and with a new roof. The South Dike was built in 1911, failed in 1916 during a flooding event, and repositioned and rebuilt in 1917. The South Dike is a rolled earth dam measuring 30 feet high, with a concrete wall facing towards the reservoir. The South Dike is located approximately 0.5 miles from the main Dam on the south side of the reservoir. A water filtration plant was installed in 1961 on the north side of the Sweetwater Gorge several hundred feet downstream from the Dam. It contains a 36-inch water pipe that was constructed through the north abutment. Several other modifications have taken place over the years to include removing much of the parapet in 1940, and south parapet partial reconstruction in 1992.

As part of the Sweetwater Main Dam Raw Water Replacement Project, Madeleine Bray (2011) recorded an additional feature of the original Dam, comprised of the remnants of a rectangular wall. The structure is obscured by vegetation and its (former) purpose is unknown. The wall is constructed of unfinished native stone cobbles and mortar which are coursed and situated on concrete base, and may have been depicted on a 1917 map recorded by Mikesell (1998). Mikesell (1998) noted seven structural elements from 1886, 1887, 1888, 1895, 1912, 1916, and 1940. The 1886, 1887, and 1888 elements are constructed of uncoursed masonry. All other alterations of work were constructed in reinforced concrete. As noted by Mikesell, the masonry works were mostly covered by the 20th additions to the Dam.

After 1911, the Dam was transformed both in structural type and in appearance from a masonry arch structure to a gravity arch dam. Mikesell notes that most of the original aspect of the 1880 Dam are “invisible” (covered by later concrete additions). Its architect, JD Schuyler, notes that the masonry arch structure was an engineering piece of artwork for its time, bringing tourism and notoriety to the Sweetwater River. Tourism trains, called “Dam Trains,” were promoted by the San Diego Land & Town Company, then owner of the NC&O Railroad.

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5.0 DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Discussion

The purpose of the subject study is to establish whether cultural materials dating to the historic and/or prehistoric periods exist near or immediately adjacent to the Project area to support the Authority in determining whether the proposed project will have any significant effects on historical resources. The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), as established in the State of California's Public Resources Code (PRC) defines the criteria for historical resources. As defined by to PRC § 5020.1(j), a historical resource consist of, but is not limited to, “any object, building, site, area, place, record, or manuscript which is historically or archaeologically significant, or is significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural annals of California.” In addition, CEQA guidelines define historical resources as: (1) resources listed in or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR); (2) listed in a local register of cultural resources; or (3) determined to be significant by a Lead Agency (Title 14 California Code of Regulations [CCR] §15064.5[a][1]-[3]). A resource may be eligible for listing in the California Register of Historic Places (CRHP) if it meets any one of the ensuing criteria:

1. Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California's history and cultural heritage. 2. Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past. 3. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values. 4. Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. (PRC § 5024.1[c])

As established by the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP), historic properties are defined as “any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object included in, or eligible for inclusion in, the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) maintained by the Secretary of the Interior” (36 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] § 800.16[l]). Pursuant to the NHPA of 1966, the National Park Service has established eligibility criteria for the NRHP. A resource may be eligible for listing in the NRHP if it meets any one of the four ensuing criteria:

The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture is present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association and:

a) that are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or b) that are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or

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c) that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or d) that have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. (36 CFR 60.4) During the Phase I cultural resources inventory study, the Dam (Site 37-016325) was encountered. In 1988, Site 37-016325 was recommended eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and C for its role in providing drinking water to the San Diego region and as its example of a composite dam. The Dam, including the Dam itself, the South Spillway, and the South Dike, are considered an historic property under NHPA. Consequently, and as resources in California determined eligible for the NRHP are automatically listed in or determined eligible for the CRHP, the Dam is considered a historical resource, meeting Criteria 1 and 3 of the CRHP, pursuant to CEQA.

5.2 Recommendations

The study is being conducted as a part of the environmental review process for the proposed maintenance of, and improvements to, the Dam complex, including the access roads, trails, the Dam itself, the South Spillway, and South Dike. No cultural materials were identified within the access road, trail or staging area footprints. The Dam has been previously recorded as a NRHP eligible site (37-016325) under Criterion A, for its role in providing drinking water to the San Diego region, and Criterion C, as an example of a composite structure dam. It is likewise eligible for the CRHP under Criterion 1, for its role in providing drinking water to the San Diego region, and Criterion 3, as an example of a composite structure dam, and is considered a historical resource under CEQA.

The proposed project will involve only necessary maintenance and safety modifications to the Dam itself, the South Spillway, and the South Dike, which are the three contributing elements of 37-016325 that are currently proposed for safety improvements. Although this study is being conducted pursuant to CEQA and not the provisions of NHPA, the NRHP-eligibility of the Dam prompts some discussion for the purposes of this Project. The Project would not alter any characteristics of the Sweetwater Dam that may qualify the Dam itself or the South Spillway for the NRHP in a manner that would diminish its integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling or association (36 CFR § 800.5). Additionally, Project-related activities at the South Dike would entail the addition of in-kind earthen material to the South Dike, which is a normal and on-going aspect of levee maintenance, and one that is consistent with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Treatment of Historic Properties (36 CFR § 68).

For the purposes of CEQA, the Project would not adversely alter the physical characteristics of the Dam itself or the South Spillway that convey its historical significance and that justify its inclusion in, or eligibility for, inclusion in the CRHR (14 CCR § 4852). Specifically, the Project- related construction activities at the South Spillway will be limited to essential repairs and upgrades which will not diminish its qualities as a composite dam or its former role as an historic source of regional drinking water. The Dam itself will be raised at its north and south parapets,

Page 5-2 Sweetwater Authority Final Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory for Sweetwater Dam Near Bonita, San Diego County, California Amec Foster Wheeler No. 1315103913 November 2017 both of which are currently modern in appearance, and the height increase will be minor. The addition of concrete to the parapets will not impact the Dam’s appearance in a significant way, and the concrete used will match the material already in place. The concrete addition to the parapets will be a continuation of engineering efforts which have made the Dam an example of a composite structure dam, and will not diminish its historic role in providing drinking water to the region.

Additionally, the Project follows the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Treatment of Historic Properties as it would entail the addition of in-kind earthen material to the South Dike, which is a normal and on-going aspect of levee safety and capacity compliance. The character, purpose and appearance of the South Dike will not be substantially altered in a way that will diminish its role as a contributing element to the Sweetwater Dam. The Project will consequently have a less than significant impact on the South Dike for the purposes of CEQA (14 CCR § 15126.4).

Therefore, with the implementation of the following mitigations, Amec Foster Wheeler recommends that the proposed Project will not cause a substantial adverse change to any historical resources and that no further cultural resource investigations are necessary at this time.

• Prior to the initiation of ground-disturbing activities, qualified archaeological and paleontological monitors shall be retained and shall provide a “tailgate” presentation to construction workers prior to grading associated with the South Abutment Access Road. The presentation shall describe potential archaeological deposits that could be may be encountered during construction activities. The monitors shall be present during the first day of grading activities and shall make recommendations on subsequent monitoring based on observations during that initial phase.

• If an archaeological deposit or resource is encountered during grading activities, all activity in the vicinity of the find shall cease until it can be evaluated by a qualified archaeologist, defined as one meeting the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards for archaeology. If the find is determined to be potentially significant, the archaeologist, in consultation with the Authority and appropriate Native American group(s) (if the find is a prehistoric or Native American resource), shall develop a treatment plan. All work in the immediate vicinity of the unanticipated discovery shall cease until the qualified archaeologist has evaluated the discovery, or the treatment plan has been implemented.

• If paleontological resources are encountered during the course of construction and monitoring, the Authority shall halt or divert work and notify a qualified paleontologist who shall document the discovery as needed, evaluate the potential resource, assess the significance of the find, and develop an appropriate treatment plan in consultation with the Authority.

• Consistent with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5(e), if human remains are accidentally discovered or recognized during construction excavation and grading activities, State Page 5-3 Sweetwater Authority Final Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory for Sweetwater Dam Near Bonita, San Diego County, California Amec Foster Wheeler No. 1315103913 November 2017

Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 requires that no further disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has made the necessary findings as to origin and disposition pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 5097.98. If the remains are determined to be of Native American descent, the coroner has 24 hours to notify the Native American Heritage Commission. The NAHC will then identify the person(s) thought to be the Most Likely Descendent of the deceased Native American, who will then help determine what course of action should be taken in dealing with the remains. Per Public Resources Code 5097.98, the landowner shall ensure that the immediate vicinity, according to generally accepted cultural or archaeological standards or practices, where the Native American human remains are located, is not damaged or disturbed by further development activity until the landowner has discussed and conferred, as prescribed in this section (PRC § 5097.98), with the most likely descendants regarding their recommendations, if applicable, taking into account the possibility of multiple human remains.

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APPENDIX A

PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS Trisha Drennan, MSc, RPA Senior Archaeologist /Cultural Resources Manager

Professional summary Trisha Drennan is a Senior Archaeologist/Cultural Resources Manager for Amec Foster Wheeler, and works with on projects with the Santa Barbara, Riverside and San Diego offices. Ms. Drennan has been working in the field of archaeology for 18 years and is a highly diverse cultural resource project manager. For the last ten years, her focus has been conducting and managing both terrestrial and maritime projects that involve federal, state and local protection of cultural resources (e.g., Section 106/110 of the National Historic Preservation Act [NHPA], National Environmental Policy Act [NEPA], and the California Environmental Quality Act [CEQA]). These projects have included both federal and commercial clients. Her experience in cultural resource management encompasses all phases of archaeological fieldwork, including archaeological surveys, site significance and evaluation testing, data recovery mitigation and burial treatment plans, and archaeological monitoring projects.

Professional qualifications/registration(s) Register of Professional Archaeologists, Certified July 2009 Archaeological Survey and Laboratory Analysis, Palomar College, Certified June 2000 First Aid, CPR and AED Certified, Renewed January 2014

Education MSc, Maritime Archaeology, University of Southampton, UK, 2004 BS, Business Administration, Management, California State University, Long Beach, 1987

Certifications and Training Cultural Affiliation, National Preservation Institute, 2012, 2007 NEPA Compliance and Cultural Resources, National Preservation Institute, 2009 Cemetery Preservation and Landscape Studies, National Preservation Institute, 2007

Memberships/affiliations Society for California Archaeology Paleopathology Association

Employment history Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure, Inc., Senior Archaeologist/Cultural Resources Manager, San Diego, California. 2015-Present. Scientific Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Carpinteria, CA. Cultural Resources Manager, 2008-2014 Contract Archaeologist, San Diego, CA. 1998-2008

Amec Foster Wheeler, On-Call Contracts On-call Environmental Services Contract, the City of Santa Monica. Los Angeles, California. 2016 to present. Ms. Drennan is acting as Archaeologist to support CEQA/NEPA services for this on-call contract. On-Call Environmental Services Contract, Sweetwater Authority, San Diego, California 1315103900 through 1315103906, 2013 to present. Amec Foster Wheeler is currently providing environmental support services under an On-Call Environmental Services Contract with the Sweetwater Authority. Under this contract Amec Foster Wheeler provides CEQA and NEPA support to Sweetwater Authority projects. Ms. Drennan is acting as Archaeologist to support CEQA/NEPA services for this on-call contract. On-Call Environmental Services Contract for Non-Federal Projects, County of San Diego, Department of Public Works San Diego, California 1115100901 through 1115100946, $5,000,000, 2011 to present. Amec Foster Wheeler is currently providing environmental support services for non-federal projects to the County of San Diego, Department of Public Works (DPW) on a 5-year on-call services contract. Ms. Drennan is acting as Archaeologist to support CEQA/NEPA services for this on-call contract.

Environment & Infrastructure/26/4/2016 amecfw.com Page 1 of 2 Continued...

Other Professional Experience in Cultural Resources Project Management

Cultural Resources Manager, SAIC, Carpinteria, California (2008-2014) From 2005 through 2014, Ms. Drennan served as Cultural Resources Manager for SAIC (now Leidos). Ms. Drennan prepared cultural and natural resources management technical reports and planning documents for numerous federal clients, including the Navy, the U.S. Forest Service, the Army Corps of Engineers; she contributed to CEQA and NEPA documents, as well as studies relating to the protection of historic properties (Section 106 of NHPA). She was responsible for managing cultural resource and field investigations for Phase 1 archaeological surveys, and Phase II site significance and evaluations; and contributed to numerous other projects.

Contract Archaeologist, San Diego, California (2000-2008) From 2000 to 2008, Ms. Drennan worked on numerous archaeological projects, a sampling of these are as follows:

Phase I Archaeological Surveys, Navy Seals SERE Facility, Warner Springs, California, and Archaeological Survey for the La Posta Mountain Warfare Training Center, San Diego, California. (2005, RECON) As Cultural Resources Project Team member performed intensive surveys as part of an EA to transfer administrative jurisdiction of four parcels of land (totaling 1,370 hectares [3,385 acres]) from the BLM to the DON.

Season I Intensive and Stratified Landform Cultural Resource Survey of approximately 4,500 acres within the MCMWTC, Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Bridgeport, California (2004), (Engineering Environmental Management [e2M]). Responsible for field direction of a 4,500 acre survey covering the proposed Silver Creek Watershed MCMWTC Fuel Reduction Project, Leavitt Meadow Campground, the base camp, and selected military training areas. The surveys recorded 36 prehistoric sites, four historic debris scatters, and Basque sites, and four dual component sites.

Archaeological Monitoring, San Diego Gas & Electric Chihuahua Valley Pole Replacement, San Diego, California. (2004, e2M). Responsible for the mitigation monitoring of the Phase II, San Diego Gas and Electric, Circuit 0212, pole replacement within the archaeologically sensitive area of Lost Valley.

Phase III Data Recovery Excavation of CA-SDI-4606 Poway, California (2004, e2M). Conducted archaeological excavations at the Prehistoric Village of Pagui (SDMM-W-213).

Phase III Data Recovery of CA-ORA-263 and CA-ORA-262 Hellman Ranch, Seal Beach, Irvine, California. (2004, EDAW Inc). Archaeological excavation of a Middle to Late Holocene, 5600-700 B.P. site with thirty-five inhumations, ritual cache; and one locus containing cremation burials with broken funerary urns and artifacts.

Phase II Excavation, Development of Planning Area 27, San Joaquin Hills, Irvine, CA, Irvine Community Development Company (2002, LSA Associates). Archaeological excavation of a Prehistoric rockshelter and shell midden site (CA-ORA-269), Site Age: 850 B.C. - A.D. 1800).

Phase II/III excavations. (2002, ASM Affiliates). Del Mar CA-SDI-12120, and Cardiff CA-SDI-4553, CALTRANS Phase II excavations. Phase III Data Recovery and laboratory analysis and cataloguing of shell beads and funerary items - CA-RIV- 2616. Phase III excavations at CA-SDI-603, an Early Archaic shell midden, M. Rogers Site, Batiquitos Lagoon.

Level 3 Fiber Optic Project, San Diego to Yuma Segment, Southern California. (2000-2001, TRC Mariah Assoc. Inc.). Field Archaeologist for the Level 3 Fiber Optic Project, San Diego to Yuma Segment. Provided archaeological monitoring, site verification and proofing, and participated in the GPS Mapping Project. BAER (Burned Area Emergency Recovery Team) The Pechanga Fire. Pala Indian Reservation, (August 2000, Pala Indian Reservation). Surveyed and mapped known and previously unknown archaeological sites. Delineated controlled burning areas.

Environment & Infrastructure/26 4 2016 amecfw.com Page 2 of 2 Patricia T. Powless, M.A., RPA Project Archaeologist

Professional summary Ms. Powless has 30 years of experience in archaeology. Ms. Powless earned her Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees from the Department of Anthropology at San Diego State University, Years with Amec Foster and she meets the Secretary of Interior’s professional qualification standards for archaeology Wheeler: Less than one and is a registered professional archaeologist (RPA). Twenty-eight of her thirty years of Years’ Experience: 30 archaeological experience has been working in the professional cultural resource management field and includes a wide range of project types and clients. Her NEPA Education experience includes utilities and Department of Defense projects over the past 28 years for M.A., Anthropology, CSU EIS-level reports as well as subsequent technical support documents for the mitigation San Diego, 2006 phase of projects. These support documents include archaeological and historic inventories, artifact analyses, results of testing, evaluation, and/or data recovery. For the past 10 years B.A., Anthropology, CSU Ms. Powless has also been working in the environmental permitting phase of projects for San Diego, 2000 applicants and sometimes as a third-party consultant for federal agencies. She was the third- party cultural resources task lead for the Proposed Black Hills Power 230 kV Transmission A.A., Archaeology, Palomar Line EIS (2013) for the US Forest Service, and for the Environmental Assessment (EA) for College, San Marcos, CA, the SRP Price Road Corridor (2013) for the Bureau of Indian Affairs. She was also recently 1988 the cultural resources task lead in the EA for the Campo Verde BLM Gen-Tie Project in Imperial County, California (2012), and in the EIS process for the PrairieWinds SD-1 Wind Professional qualifications Project in Crow Lake, South Dakota (2010) for Western Area Power Administration. Her Registry of Professional other recent NEPA experience, which gives a good example of the range of her abilities and Archaeologists (RPA), No. responsibilities as cultural resources task lead, includes the Sunrise Powerlink Transmission 15979, 2007 Project. Ms. Powless’ task on the project included conducting cultural resource studies, literature reviews, record checks, management of sub-consultants, coordination with local, state, and federal agencies involved in the project, coordination of Native American Memberships/affiliations consultation process, and management of the Section 106 process under the National Historic Preservation Act. Ms. Powless also coordinated with SDG&E staff, landowners and Society for American subcontractors; participated in project team meetings; assisted in the preparation of the Archaeology (SAA) Proponent’s Environmental Assessment (PEA); conducted field reviews of structure locations with project engineers; prepared multiple cultural resources survey reports for SAA Committee for Native BLMs documentation of the Section 106 process; and attended Tribal Council meetings with American Relations (2016- SDG&E core team members. 2017) Employment history Society for California Amec Forest Wheeler, Project Archaeologist, Phoenix, AZ, 2016-present Archaeology Ashford University, Adjunct Faculty, San Diego, CA, 2014-present Paleopathology Association Contract Archaeologist, Project Archaeologist, Phoenix, AZ, 2014-2016 American Anthropological Association kp environmental, Inc., Senior Project Archaeologist, Cardiff By The Sea, CA, 2008-2014 Arcadis U.S., Inc., Staff Archaeologist, San Diego, CA. 2006-2008 Registry of Professional Archaeologists (RPA) San Diego State University, Graduate Teaching Assistant, San Diego, CA, 2002-2006 Location Contract Archaeologist, Alpine, CA, 1998-2000 National: RPA Gallegos & Associates, Archaeologist, Carlsbad, CA, 1997-1998 Languages San Diego Museum of Man, Instructor, San Diego, CA, 1997-1997 English Ogden Environmental & Energy Services/ERCE, Cultural Resources Laboratory Director, San Diego, CA, 1990-1997 Westec Services/ERCE, Archaeological Field and Laboratory Technician, San Diego, CA, 1988-1990.

Environment & Infrastructure amecfw.com Page 1 of 2 Continued...

Representative projects Town of Greybull, Wyoming; $206,997US; July 2016; Project Archaeologist/EA Preparer. Ms. Powless is the author of the cultural resource section of the EA, and EA preparer for the planned Levee improvements at Dry Creek and Levee Bend located in the Town of Greybull, Big Horn County, Wyoming. The purpose of this inventory is to determine the extent of federal jurisdiction within the study area, which may be subject to regulation by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Tohono O’odham Nation; $256,218; August 2016; Project Archaeologist/ EA Preparer. Ms. Powless is the author of the cultural resource section of the EA, and EA preparer for the Design Concept Report for Flood Mitigation on Indian Rural Route 31 in the Cowlic Community of the Sells District. IR 31 is the primary access to the community of Cowlic located 9 miles southwest of Sells within the Tohono O’odham Nation. During even moderate rainfall events, the community is inaccessible due to flooding across IR 31 at several wash crossings just north of Cowlic. This makes general ingress and egress difficult for residents, and also cuts off access for school buses, fire and emergency vehicles. The Nation is looking for the best way to resolve this unacceptable situation by improving the wash crossings sufficiently to provide all-weather accessibility during the 100-year storm. SRP Price Road Corridor Project – Salt River Project (2013-2014); Project Archaeologist/ EA Contributor Ms. Powless is the Cultural Resource task lead and local coordinator for the project (private land and public land). She is the author of cultural section of the 2013 EA for the Bureau of Indian Affairs for the proposed route alternative that crosses the Gila River Indian Community. She is also the author of the Class I report for the private lands alternatives for the CEC application. Teckla-Osage-Rapid City 230 kV Transmission Line Project - U.S. Forest Service (2011-2014); Third-Party Cultural Consultant for U.S. Forest Service, Black Hills/ EA Contributor. Ms. Powless is the author of the cultural resources section of the EIS for the Teckla-Osage-Rapid City 230 kV Transmission Line Project. The project is a 150 mile-long, 230 kV transmission line in between the Teckla and Osage Substations in northeastern Wyoming to the Lange Substation in Rapid City, South Dakota. Campo Verde Solar Project – First Solar, Inc. (2011 – 2013); Project Archaeologist/EA Contributor. Ms. Powless is the Cultural Resource Project Archaeologist and conducted cultural resource surveys (private land and public land), literature reviews, record checks, management of sub-consultants, coordination with Tribes, local, state, and federal agencies involved in the project. The archaeological crews conducted the Class III surveys on lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management of the Gen-Tie alternatives (2 total). Ms. Powless also provided the cultural resource section of the BLM EA for the Gen-Tie alternatives portion of the project, and is the project archaeologist for the mitigation monitoring phase of the project. PrairieWinds SD1 Project – Western Area Power Administration. (2009 – 2010); Third-Party Cultural Consultant for Western Area Power Administration/EA Contributor. Ms. Powless is the author of the cultural resources section of the EIS for the PraireWinds SD1 Project. The project is a wind- powered generating facility in south-central South Dakota, and would involve the installation and operation of a 150- megawatt (MW) wind energy facility that would feature 101 wind turbine generators. Sunrise Powerlink Transmission Project – Proponent’s Environmental Assessment – SDG&E. (2006-2010); Cultural Task Lead/Proponent’s EA Contributor. Ms. Powless’ activities included conducting cultural resource studies, literature reviews, record checks, management of sub- consultants, coordination with local, state, and federal agencies involved in the project, coordination of Native American consultation process, and management of the Section 106 process under the National Historic Preservation Act. Ms. Powless also coordinated with SDG&E staff, landowners and subcontractors; participated in project team meetings; coordinated with local, state, and federal agencies; assisted in the preparation of the Proponent’s Environmental Assessment (PEA); prepared multiple cultural resources survey reports for BLMs documentation of the Section 106 process in support of the geotechnical activities; coordinated biological, archaeological, and Native American monitors; assisted with the archaeological expert witness preparation, reviewed the DEIR/EIS, RDEIR/SEIS, PA, and FEIR/EIS; attended the Section 106 Tribal Workshops, attended SDG&E Open Houses, attended Tribal Council meetings with SDG&E, and conducted and documented structure field reviews.

Environment & Infrastructure amecfw.com Page 2 of 2 Jesse Yorck, M.A., RPA Senior Archaeologist / Principal Investigator

Professional summary Mr. Yorck is a Principal Investigator who meets the federal standards (per 36 CFR, Part 61) for archaeology and has been listed as a Registered Professional Archaeologist. With over 18 years of experience in cultural resource management, he has worked primarily in the private sector but also for federal, state and Native American agencies. This has given him experience in serving clients as a private consultant and also as a government compliance officer. He currently serves as a Principal Investigator for Amec Foster Wheeler, overseeing the California cultural resources program. Mr. Yorck has extensive experience writing and reviewing NEPA, CEQA and NHPA Section 106 documents and in all forms archaeological fieldwork, research and reporting. This includes archival research, editing and reviewing cultural assessments, cultural resource inventory surveys, monitoring reports, burial treatment plans and literature review reports in addition to drafting proposals and scopes of work. He has extensive experience in leading and performing burial treatment efforts, archaeological monitoring, archaeological assessments, archaeological inventory surveys, data recovery, predeterminations and cultural impact assessments.

Professional qualifications/registration(s) Registered Professional Archaeologist (RPA) Extensive experience as Principal Investigator in California, Oregon, Idaho, Washington and Hawaii. Has managed NEPA- compliant archaeological studies in California, Connecticut, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington and Wisconsin.

Education MA, the Center for Pacific Islands Studies (archaeology focus), University of Hawaii, 2009 BA, Anthropology, University of Hawaii, 2002

Memberships/affiliations Register of Professional Archaeologists (RPA) Society for American Archaeology Society for California Archaeology

Employment history AMEC Foster Wheeler, Riverside, CA, Senior Archaeologist/Principal Investigator, 2015-current CRM TECH, Colton, CA, Archaeologist/Report Writer, 2015-2016 AECOM, San Diego, CA, Archaeologist, 2015 Environmental Science Associates, Seattle, WA, Senior Archaeologist/Principal Investigator, 2014-2015 Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, OR, Archaeologist/Principal Investigator, 2012-2014 Warm Springs Geo Visions, Warm Springs Indian Reservation, OR, Lead Archaeologist, 2012 Willamette Cultural Resource Associates, Ltd, Portland, OR, Archaeologist, 2011 Pacific Consulting Services, Honolulu, HI, Senior Archaeologist, 2010-2011 Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Honolulu, HI, Lead Advocate-Historic Preservation, 2007-2009 Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Honolulu, HI, Policy Advocate-Native Rights, Land and Culture, 2005-2007 Cultural Surveys Hawaii, Inc., Kailua, HI, Supervising Archaeologist, 1998-2005

Representative projects:

Multiple State Projects

United States Coast Guard Housing Divestment, Environmental Compliance Due Diligence Project, Various States - 2016 Mr. Yorck serves as Principal Investigator for the United States General Services Administration NEPA-compliant due diligence cultural resources constraints study. The study areas include California, Connecticut, Florida, Hawaii, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Texas, Virginia, and Wisconsin.

Environment & Infrastructure 2016 amecfw.com Page 1 of 3 Jesse Yorck, M.A., RPA

Federal Emergency Management Administration, First Net Fire Management National Environmental Impact Statement, Various States -2015 As Principal Investigator for the Nationwide EIS cultural components, Mr. Yorck authored and edited cultural context studies for the states of California, Idaho, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Tennessee and Washington.

California

Southern California Gas Company, Public Safety Enhancement Plan, Line 38-1102 Remediation, Kern County, CA - 2016 Mr. Yorck served as Principal Investigator for the identification and evaluation of historical and archaeological resources within the vicinity of the Line 38-1102 easement. He analyzed the archaeological and historical sensitivity of the proposed project area and made recommendations to avoid and minimize effects to them. Ruth-Zenia and Van Duzen Road Rehabilitation Project, Trinity County, CA -2016 As Principal Investigator for a Federal Highways Administration road improvement project within the Six Rivers National Forest, Mr. Yorck oversaw and contributed to a Phase I cultural resources inventory resulting in the recordation of several historic-era resources. Baron Ranch Trail Realignment Project, Santa Barbara County, CA -2016 Mr. Yorck served as the Principal Investigator for the proposed trail improvement project, documenting and mitigating the impacts to prehistoric cultural resources documented during the Phase I cultural resources inventory. Panoche Valley Solar Project, San Benito County, CA -2016 Mr. Yorck serves as the Principal Investigator for the multi-year renewable energy project in San Benito County. Mr. Yorck’s responsibilities include serving as the lead of cultural resources staff and cultural resources liaison to the Santa Rosa Rancheria Tribe and the lead agency. Perris Valley Line Positive Train Control Project, Riverside County, CA -2016 Mr. Yorck prepared Federal Communication Commission Forms 620 and 621 for the evaluation on historic properties within the Area of Potential Effect for the Southern California Regional Rail Authority light rail communications improvement project in Riverside County. The evaluations were conducted per Section 106 of the NHPA and the FCC National Programmatic Agreement. Southern California Gas Company Line 3000 Deep Well Anode Project, San Bernardino County, CA -2016 Mr. Yorck Served as co-Principal Investigator and Project Manager for a Class III survey of five well anode locations along an existing transmission line within lands owned and managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. Several historic-era resources were documented, but did not require additional mitigation for the project to move forward. Sorrel Trail Tower, U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Near the City of Victorville, San Bernardino County, CA. -2016 Conducted Class III pedestrian survey on BLM land resulting in the identification of historic-era cultural resources. Phelan Piñon Hills Community Service District Water Blending Project, Near the Communities of Phelan and Piñon Hills, San Bernardino County, CA. -2016 Conducted Phase I inventory survey and authored corresponding NHPA cultural resources inventory report. Historic highway segment and powerline addressed during study. Tuscan Hills Residential Community, City of Desert Hot Springs Riverside County, CA. Authored Phase I cultural resources inventory report summarizing the identification and evaluation of historic properties for a CEQA compliant study. Victor Valley Wastewater Reclamation Authority New Laboratory Project, Near the Community of Oro Grande, San Bernardino County, CA. Authored report summarizing the identification and evaluation of historic properties for a NHPA compliant study. Hesperia Reclamation Pipeline Alignment Project, City of Hesperia, San Bernardino County, CA. -2015 Oversaw the subsurface testing of a known prehistoric lithic site and authored report detailing the findings. Country Inn and Suites Project, City of Hesperia, San Bernardino County, CA. -2016 Authored report summarizing the Phase I cultural resources inventory and the historical and archaeological sensitivity of the project area per CEQA. CEMEX Victorville Aggregates Project, Black Mountain Area, San Bernardino County, CA. -2016 Member of team conducting extended Phase I inventory survey and data recovery of several prehistoric lithic and historic sites. Tentative Parcel Map Number 18211, Baldy Mesa Area, San Bernardino County, CA. -2015 Conducted Phase I cultural resources survey to identify historical and archaeological resources. Palmdale SEI LLC Tractor Supply Project, City of Palmdale, Los Angeles County, CA. -2016 Authored Phase I cultural resources inventory report detailing the identification and evaluation of historic properties for a CEQA compliant study. Indian Wells Valley Water District PV Layouts Project, Inyokern Area, Kern County, CA. -2016 Authored Phase I cultural resources inventory report and evaluated of a late 19th century wagon trail. Assessor’s Parcel Number 665-030-058 City of Desert Hot Springs, Riverside County, CA. -2016 Authored Phase I cultural resources inventory report detailing the identification and evaluation of historic properties for a CEQA compliant study.

Environment & Infrastructure 2016 amecfw.com Page 2 of 3 Jesse Yorck, M.A., RPA

Assessor’s Parcel Number 723-303-021, 72-220 Shell Drive, North Shore, Riverside County, CA -2016 Authored Phase I cultural resources inventory report detailing the identification and evaluation of historic properties for a CEQA compliant study.

Oregon

Pine Creek Conservation Area Habitat Restoration Project, Wheeler County, OR. -2013/2014 While serving as a Principal Investigator for the U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration’s (BPA) Fish and Wildlife program, Mr. Yorck led a multi-week cultural resources survey of 200-plus acres of the Pine Creek Conservation area. Purchased for the Warm Springs Tribe of Oregon by the BPA, the survey was carried out in conjunction with the two agencies to identify cultural resources prior to habitat restoration activities. Leading 10 archaeologists from the Tribe and the federal agency, Mr. Yorck successfully identified, documented, excavated and interpreted over a dozen historic, multicomponent and pre-contact sites and isolates. Big Eddy Knight 500 kV Transmissions Line Project, Wasco County, OR. -2012/2013 The Warm Springs Tribe of Oregon conducted pedestrian surveys and archaeological monitoring of the Oregon portion of the U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration's (BPA) power line project near The Dalles, Oregon. Several miles of access roads were constructed to support the construction of transmission towers. Mr. Yorck served as the lead archaeologist for the Tribe for monitoring, cultural resource surveys and report writing and documented pre-contact lithics resources during the course of surveying. Mr. Yorck provided cultural resource reports monthly technical reports to BPA regarding project-related cultural resources work.

Washington

North Sammamish Segment of East Lake Sammamish Trail Project, King County, WA. -2014/2015 On behalf of the King County Roads Division, conducted cultural resources surveying and monitoring for the north portion of the trail project in Redmond and Sammamish, WA. WSDOT served as the lead agency for NHPA Section 106 compliance for the project. Mr. Yorck served as the field lead for monitoring, artifact recovery and subsurface testing for this portion of the project and collaborated with the King County and WSDOT archaeologists regarding the treatment and preservation of pre- contact, multicomponent and historic sites discovered during the course of the project. A total of four sites, one dating to 6,700 years before present, were documented. Mr. Yorck conducted archival research and drafted the cultural resources report for the project. Columbia River Crossing, Clark County, WA. -2011 Under contract from WSDOT, Mr. Yorck conducted the 1.37-acre underwater and near shore archaeological surveys for the Vancouver, WA landing site of the then-proposed new bridge. Mr. Yorck conducted the near shore pedestrian survey during low water levels. The effort was undertaken, in part, to identify cultural materials related to the nearby Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Several historic-era sites were documented during the survey.

Hawai‘i

Office of Hawaiian Affairs Honolulu, HI -2005-2009 Mr. Yorck served as a Policy Advocate, advancing to Lead Advocate for Historic Preservation at the Office of Hawaiian Affairs. His duties included conducting and supervising over 500 compliance reviews of cultural resource and environmental documents including NAGPRA documents, conservation district use applications, special management area use applications, and various NHPA, NEPA, and Hawai‘i HRS 6E applicable archaeological reports. On behalf of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Mr. Yorck also drafted State historic preservation legislation, led a long-term archaeological study at Schofield Barracks, led the effort to rehabilitate GIS database capabilities for the Hawaii State Historic Preservation Division and conducted initial research for the burial inventory for the Island of Kaua‘i. Archaeological Inventory Survey of an Approximately 25-Acre (TMK: 2-8-15: 25-37 & 45-74) Parcel, Kōloa Ahupua‘a, Kona District, Kaua‘i, HI -2004 As field supervisor, Mr. Yorck oversaw completed the survey report for the project which documented a large number of pre- contact lithic, agricultural and structural sites as well as historic agricultural, transportation and residential sites. Archaeological Inventory Survey and Subsurface Testing of an Approximately 12-Acre Parcel (TMK: 1-6-03: 03, 1-6- 04: 6, 7, 8, 9 &10), Kaumakani Ahupua‘a, Kīpahulu, Maui Island, HI -2004 Mr. Yorck served as the field supervisor and report author for the inventory and subsurface testing project, which identified and documented several pre-contact taro production fields (lo‘i) and irrigation ditches (’auwai). Data Recovery of Five Sites (50-30-10-1918, 1919, 1920, 1921 and 1923) at Kukui‘ula, Kōloa Ahupua‘a, Kaua‘i Island, HI -2003 Mr. Yorck conducted data recovery excavations of several habitation and agricultural sites and documented the results in a data recovery report. Identified sites were components of the pre-contact Kōloa Field System.

Environment & Infrastructure 2016 amecfw.com Page 3 of 3 Sweetwater Authority Final Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory for Sweetwater Dam Near Bonita, San Diego County, California Amec Foster Wheeler No. 1315103913 November 2017

APPENDIX B

PREVIOUSLY RECORDED CULTURAL RESOURCES

(CONFIDENTIAL REPORT NOT INCLUDED)