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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02840-1 - Politics and Tradition Between Rome, Ravenna and Constantinople: A Study of Cassiodorus and the Variae, 527–554 M. Shane Bjornlie Index More information

INDEX

Acacian Schism, 136, 139 Athalaric, 11, 17, 141, 146, 168, 178, 223, 290, Acilius Glabrio, Anicius, 136 292, 306–12, 313, 317, 320 Aelian, 259, 260, 263 Athanasius II, bishop of Alexandria, 90 Aetius, 163–5, 287 Athaulf, 120 Agapetus, deacon, 36, 97–8, 99, 102, 123 Athens, 53, 69, 114, 122 Agapetus, Pope, 15, 94 school of philosophy in, 55–7, 65–7, 75, 266, Agapius, 114 296 Agathias, 72, 103, 121 Attila, 60, 110, 163–5, 287–8 Agnellus, 2, 159, 246, 249, 253 Augustine, 87, 135, 203–4, 262–3, 281, 284, Alaric I, 120 289, 295 Alaric II, 172–3, 227 Augustus, Emperor, 39–40, 70, 88, 199, 235 Albinus, 139–40, 145, 147, 166, 168–9, 170, Aulus Gellius, 202–3, 205 181–2 Ausonius, 262 Alexander, logothete, 324 Avitus of Vienne, 304 Alexandria, 53, 56, 90, 121, 144, 218, 262, 296 barbarians, in polemic, 92–4, 107–8, 109–13, Amalafrid, 158 120, 327–8 Amalasuntha, 11, 17, 31, 141–2, 144, 146, 168, Barnish, Sam, 96, 151, 186, 223 191, 251, 303, 306–7, 310–13, 317, 320, Basil, 262, 263, 279–80, 282 325 Basilius, 140, 145–6, 169, 180 Amals, government of, 10–11, 27–9, 127–34, Bede, 262, 285 135–7, 138–44 Belisarius, 11–14, 17–18, 19–21, 26, 29, 31, 73, Ambrose, 50, 263–4, 279–82 76, 79–80, 84, 98, 103–5, 107, 108, 110, Ammianus Marcellinus, 74, 182, 262, 112, 125, 127, 142, 145, 158, 164, 325, 332 298 Boethian affair, 134, 138–44, 147–62 Anastasius, Emperor, 61–2, 89, 91, 96, 114, Boethius, 28, 30, 131, 133, 134, 135, 189, 298, 130, 136, 178, 181, 271, 286, 312, 317 324 Anicia Juliana, 137–8 children of, 138, 149, 159 Anicii, 30, 38, 112, 134–8, 139, 141, 147, Consolation of Philosophy, 30, 139–40, 147, 151–2, 156, 160–2, 165–71, 185 149–52, 160, 161, 165–84, 287, 323 Anonymus Valesianus, 94–7, 99, 146, 147, 152, death of. See Boethian affair 154–5, 156, 166, 247 as patricius, 173–4 background and aims, 94 Neoplatonism of, 55 Antony, Saint, 155, 285 polemic of, 147–59, 163–84 Apuleius, 179, 182, 284, 285 in the Variae. See Variae Arator, 28, 189 Argolicus, 140 Carthage, 71, 108, 217, 330 Arians and Arianism, 1, 72, 93, 96, 111, 119, Cassiodorus 139, 152, 249 background, 16–17, 27–30, 127–9 Aristotle, 53, 114, 135, 182, 258, 259, 260, 295, and the Boethian affair, 30 298, 302 Chronica of, 24, 96, 164–5, 182, 195, 214–15 Artemidorus, 28 in Constantinople, 35–8, 72, 80–1 365

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02840-1 - Politics and Tradition Between Rome, Ravenna and Constantinople: A Study of Cassiodorus and the Variae, 527–554 M. Shane Bjornlie Index More information

Index

Cassiodorus (cont.) Neoplatonism in, 55–6, 58–9, 65–7 De anima of. See De anima Nika Revolt. See Nika Revolt diverse writing of, 17, 19, 21–4 Senate at, 41, 43, 48 and eastern polemic, 84–5, 90, 98–9, 102, as setting for polemic, 30–3, 35–7 111–13, 123, 124–7, 143–4, 159–62, Constantius II, Emperor, 40, 119 185–7, 222–3 Constantius, patrician, 120 Expositio Psalmorum of, 21–4, 205–6, 289 Constitutio Pragmatica, 2, 14, 18, 22, 32, 144–5, father of, 17, 28 326, 327 Gothic History of, 24, 111–13, 195 Corippus, 36, 126, 304–5 and the Gothic War, 15, 17–19, 26–33 Corpus Iuris Civilis, 64, 67–9, 77, 100, 216–27, Institutiones of, 15, 21–4, 90, 98, 240, 279, 233–4 281, 326 Cyprianus, 139–40, 166–7, 173, 211, 227 Ordo generis of, 145, 159–62, 166, 167, 172 Damascius, 58, 304 and palatine elite of Ravenna, 31–3 Damasus, Pope, 50, 162, 181 panegyric of, 143 damnatio memoriae, 2 in Ravenna, 80–1 De anima, 192 in the Variae, 306–11, 321–8 as companion to theVariae, 194, 197, 205–6, Cekalova, Alexandra, 74 293–305, 310, 332 Cethegus, 145–6, 159–62 and the dating of theVariae, 21–3 Chalcedon, Council of, 70–1 De ceremoniis, 78, 80, 125 Charlemagne, 158–9 Decius, 140, 145, 146–7 Chilperic, 329 Dialogue on Political Science, 99–102, 183, 266, Chosroes, 76, 107 287, 304–5, 311 Christianity, and political culture, 51–3, 69–72, Dio Chrysostom, 286 87–9, 92–4, 98–9, 118–20, 179–83, Diocletian, 42, 94, 246 248–51, 254–5, 262–5, 279–82 divination, 260–1 Chronica of Cassiodorus. See Cassiodorus Chronicon Paschale, 238 Edictum Theoderici, 210–11, 213 Cicero, 189, 196, 203–4, 234, 255, 258–9, encyclopaedism. See Variae 260 Ennodius of Pavia, 28, 153, 155, 162, 163, 173, Claudianus Mamertus, 295 175, 189, 249 Clement of Alexandria, 262 Epistolae Theodericianae, 211–12 Clovis, 172–3, 177 epistolary collections. See Variae Collectio Avellana, 162, 195, 210, 224, 330 Eternal Peace, 76, 106, 120 communication, east and west, 37, 84–5, 94–5, Eudaemon, urban prefect, 73 129–30, 135–8, 143–4, 148–9, 158, Eugippius, 135 330 Eusebius, 96, 237, 240, 249 Constantine, 39–40, 42, 44, 52, 63, 68, 87–9, Eustathius, 279–82 91–4, 97, 108, 116, 118–20, 209, 221, Eutyches, 71 236–7, 239, 247, 286 Evagrius, 85, 87, 103, 122, 240 Constantinople Expositio Psalmorum of Cassiodorus. See consistorium, 43, 45–6, 47, 58–9, 61, 65, 69, Cassiodorus 73, 85, 102, 255 elite social structure, 41–4 Felix, 192, 193–4, 197, 200 emigr´ es´ in, 30–1, 36–7, 98, 111–12, 124–7, Fidelius, 18, 20, 26 143–7 Formulary of Marculf, 175, 234 general description, 8–9, 41–2 Fredegar, 152, 157–8 Hagia Sophia, 73, 79, 97, 251 Fulgentius the Mythographer, 265 Hippodrome, 8, 41, 61, 72–7, 78–9, 88, 89, Fulgentius of Ruspe, 264 91–2, 109, 120, 330 imperial successions at, 60–2 Galla Placidia, 120, 306 Latin at, 64–5 Geiseric, 287, 325 literary polemic of, 82–123, 159–62, 267, Gelimer, 108, 126, 127 287–9, 330–3 Germanus, 14, 23, 112, 137, 143, 156

366

Index

Gizewski, Christian, 74 John Philoponus, 296 Goffart, Walter, 112 Jones, A. H. M., 62 Gothic History of Cassiodorus. See Cassiodorus Jordanes, 18, 24, 36, 64, 113, 122, 152, 156, Gothic War, 93, 110, 113, 115, 119, 120, 125, 157, 162, 287 137, 144–57, 158, 159, 163–4, 185, 253, background and aims, 109–13 288, 310, 317, 325–7, 330–3 Jouanaud, Jean-Louis, 222 Busta Gallorum, 14, 120 Julian Romance, 121 as context forVariae, 4–6, 20–1, 24–5, 26–33, Julian, Emperor, 63, 88 126–7 Junillus Africanus, 36, 41, 64, 66, 69, 83, 103, narrative, 11–19 123, 126, 218 in theVariae. See Variae background and aims, 97–9 Greatrex, Geoffrey, 74 Justin, Emperor, 60–2, 88–9, 96, 101, 138, 306, Gregory the Great, 141, 148, 156–8 312 Gregory of Nazianzus, 302 Justin II, Emperor, 40, 122, 305 Gregory of Nyssa, 262 Justinian Gregory of Tours, 7–8, 137, 329 accession of, 60–2 Gundobad, 172 and building, 237–40, 249, 251, 312 Gunthigis Baza, 110–11 and Christianity, 69–72 and Constantinople, 35–6, 37–8, 62–81 Hadrian, Emperor, 140, 161 in general on reign, 39–41 Hagia Sophia. See Constantinople and law, 67–9, 256–8, 267 Halporn, James, 21 in polemic, 82–5, 88–9, 91–4, 97, 99–102, Hellenes, persecution of, 67, 70, 77–8, 100, 105–9, 113–23, 288–9 105, 122, 250 renovatio, 16, 41, 98, 117, 221–2, 329 Hesychius of Miletus, 122 and the wars, 11–16, 71–2, 77–8, 94, 106–8, Hippocrates, 298 324–8 Hippodrome. See Constantinople Historia Augusta, 161, 183, 286 Kaldellis, Anthony, 106 Hodgkin, Thomas, 2 Honore,´ Tony, 62 Laurentian Schism, 134, 162 Honorius, Emperor, 120 Leo, Emperor, 60, 157 Horace, 196–9, 200–1 Libanius, 63 Hormisdas, Pope, 71, 137, 180 Liber Pontiﬁcalis, 145–7, 156, 180, 182, 325 Hypatius, 73–8, 80, 96, 121 Liberius, 36, 125, 131, 132, 135, 144–5, 148, 164, 167–8, 175 Iamblichus, 55, 56, 266, 295 Livy, 7, 40, 235, 261 innovation, 86–9, 115–17, 216–30, 234–48, 253 Lucan, 261 Institutiones of Cassiodorus. See Cassiodorus Lucretius, 284 Isidore of Seville, 262 Maas, Michael, 86 Jews, 70 Macrobius, 262 John I, Pope, 38, 148–59 Majorian, Emperor, 162 John of Antioch, 182 Manichaeans, 70, 180–3 John the Cappadocian, 62, 65, 73–8, 108, Marcellinus Comes, 36, 41, 64, 79, 83, 99, 109, 114–15 123, 152, 154, 156, 163–4, 239–40 John of Ephesus, 57 background and aims, 90–4 John Lydus, 36, 38, 41, 45, 56, 58, 83, 85, 86, Marcus Aurelius, Emperor, 55, 140, 220 104, 106, 122, 219–20, 221, 231, 239, 322 Martianus Capella, 200, 260, 262 background and aims, 113–17 Martin, Saint, 2, 155 on civil service, 47–8, 51, 63–5, 78, 126, Matasuntha, 12, 13, 18, 23, 26, 29, 36, 112–13, 127, 133 143, 156 John Malalas, 65, 66, 123, 298 Maximian, poet, 148 background and aims, 117–21 Maximus, 132, 142, 144 John Maxentius, 71, 136 Menander, 103 John of Nikiu, 122 Menas, patrician, 100–1, 102

367

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Milan, 13, 29, 30, 44, 131, 140, 279 Philostratus, 292 Mommsen, Theodor, 19–21, 174, 178, 197, Phocas, praetorian prefect, 117 212, 223 Photius, 100 Mundus, 73 Plato, 53–4, 101, 182, 259, 286–7, 302, 304 Pliny the Elder, 202, 259–60, 261, 262, 263–4, Narses, 288 281, 297, 302, 316 natura Pliny the Younger, 190, 193, 195, 202, 292, in Christian literature, 262–5 327–8 in classical literature, 258–62 Plotinus, 56, 266, 286 in Neoplatonic thought, 265–7 Polemo, 298 moral discernment of, 283–99 Pompeius, 73, 77, 80, 96 in theVariae. See Variae Porphyry, 56, 198, 266 natural law, 99, 101, 257–60 Primasius, 99 Neoplatonism, 52, 53–9, 101–2, 113–15, Priscian, 35, 64, 84, 130, 135–6 179–83, 265–7, 281, 284, 295–6, 302, 304 Priscian of Lydia, 296 and theVariae. See Variae Proba, 135 Nicaea, Council of, 70–1 Proclus, 55, 114, 304 Nika Revolt, 36, 72–7, 78–9, 91, 97, 101, 105, Procopius, 20, 36, 38, 41, 46, 57, 72, 73, 76, 107, 109, 113, 117, 121, 137 79, 83, 85, 87–9, 94, 109–17, 120, 121–3, Nonnos of Panopolis, 57 125, 126, 142, 144–5, 147–8, 151–2, North Africa, 11, 36, 66, 72, 78, 82, 98, 102, 154–5, 156, 157, 179, 186, 189, 218–19, 125, 126, 129, 134, 143, 159, 325, 326, 330 221, 237–40, 290, 319, 324–5, 330 Novellae, Justinianic, 69–70, 217–21, 256–8, background and aims, 102–9 267–8, 281, 283, 309 on the Gothic War, 12–14, 18, 20, 27, 29 Novellae, Theodosian, 209–11, 213, 223–4, 291 and nature, 287–9 Pseudo-Dionysius of Tel-Mahre, 65 Odoacer, 10, 93, 134–5, 138, 144, 159, 167–8 public building, ideology of, 86–9, 128–9, O’Donnell, James, 21 170–1, 234–40, 316–17 Olybrius, 134, 137, 141 churches, 248–51 Olympiodorus of Thebes, 55 in theVariae. See Variae Opilio, 140, 166–7 public spectacle, 87–9, 91–2, 109, 120–1, Ordo generis of Cassiodorus. See Cassiodorus 128–9, 168, 170–1 Origen, 103 Pulcheria, Empress, 71 Orosius, 87 Ostrogoths. See Amals, government of Quintilian, 198 otium/negotium, 48, 133, 201–5, 231–2 Radegund, 158 paganism, 8, 52–3, 56–8, 65–7, 115, 118–20, Ravenna 179–83, 260–1 in Gothic War, 13, 14, 17, 21, 26, 29, 35 palatine service, development of, 41–4 government at, 10–11, 129–34, 143 palatine service, eastern, 44–59, 62–81 palatium of Theoderic, 1–2, 250 exceptores, 45, 53, 62–4, 76–7 San Vitale. See Saint Vitale, church of excubitores, 45–6, 60–1 Sant’Apollinare Nuovo. See Saint Apollinare in imperial polemic, 82–5, 267 Nuovo, church of scholares, 44–5, 46, 53, 61–2, 76, 89 as setting for polemic, 1–3, 94–7, 312, 314, scriniarii, 63, 64, 69, 118 317, 326 palatine service, western Ravenna Papyri, 212–14 of Ravenna, 31–3 Rome, 10 social relations with senatorial elite, in Gothic War, 12–13, 35, 149 127–34 sack of, 14, 87, 92, 147 Paul the Deacon, 158 Senate of, 10–11, 129–34, 141–2, 149 Pelagius, deacon of Rome, 147, 149 Romulus Augustus, 16, 93, 135, 159, 168 Persia, Sasanian, 8, 67, 76, 82, 102, 106–7, 120, Ruggini, Lellia, 87 121 Ruricius of Limoges, 194 Peter the Patrician, 108, 145–6, 320 Rusticiana, 134, 147, 149

368

Index

Saint Apollinare Nuovo, church of, 1–3, 250–1 reverentia antiquitatis, 59, 63, 66, 256, 283, Saint Polyeuktos, church of, 137–8 316, 324 Saint Vitale, church of, 137–8, 251 in theVariae. See Variae Sallust, 7, 220, 298 in Zosimus, 86–9 Second Sophistic, 48 Trajan, Emperor, 97, 292 Senate. See Rome Tribonian, 68, 73–8, 98, 222, 256 in theVariae. See Variae Trimalchio, 319 Seneca the Elder, 235 Seneca the Younger, 259–60, 263, 284 Valens, Emperor, 66, 92, 120, 179 Sidonius Apollinaris, 161, 177, 190, 192, 193, Valentinian I, Emperor, 66, 97, 179 194, 196, 293 Valentinian III, Emperor, 134, 287 Silvester, Pope, 118 Valerianus of Cimelium, 264 Simplicius, 266, 296 Valerianus, senator, 169 sorcery, 66, 140–1, 179–83, 261 Variae Suetonius, 40, 261, 286 administrative/ legal tradition in, 206–15, Symmachus, eastern, 137 223–34, 251–3, 268–79 Symmachus, Memmius (d. 525), 30, 134, 135, amicitia in, 191–7 138–44, 159–62, 169–71, 182 Boethius in, 165–84 death of. See Boethian affair Cassiodorus in. See Cassiodorus Symmachus, Pope, 181 churches, 248–51 Symmachus, Quintus Aurelius (d. 402), 50, civilitas in, 251–3 202, 208, 221, 261–2 concern for palatine reputation in, 31–3, 296, 307–10, 328 Tacitus, 235–6, 287–8 conscientia, 299–305, 309 Themistius, 49, 102, 286 date of composition, 19–26 Theodahad, 12, 132, 137, 141–3, 144, 148, 183, edicts in, 211 251, 288, 289, 303, 307, 310, 311 encyclopaedism in, 199–207, 269–79, 331–2 in theVariae. See Variae epistolary tradition in, 190–6 Theoderic, 10–11, 14, 17, 27, 29, 30, 38, 61, formulae in, 230–4, 247–8, 300, 322, 332 113, 126, 129, 130, 136, 147, 161, 171, general description, 3–4 180, 223 Gothic War as context, 4–6, 20–5, 26–33, and the Boethian affair, 138–44 324–8, 330–3 memory of, 1–3 ille et ille, 175–6 polemical portrayal of, 93, 94–7, 147–59, magisterial appointments in, 129–34 183, 288, 290–1 modernus in, 245 in theVariae. See Variae moral discernment in, 289–305, 314–20 Theoderic Strabo, 157 natura in, 268–82, 310, 314–20 Theodora, Empress, 115, 237, 312 Neoplatonism in, 183–4, 187, 194 Theodorus, 135, 149 otium/negotium. See otium/negotium Theodosian Code, 68, 136, 208–9, 210–11, 223–4 palaces in, 245–8, 250–1 Theodosius I, Emperor, 92–3, 221 place of composition, 25–6 Theodosius II, Emperor, 60, 79 prefaces, 189–99 Theophanes of Byzantium, 122 public building in, 240–51, 316–17 Theophylact, 103 rhetorical arrangement in, 320–8 theurgy, 56 Senate in, 140–1, 165–6, 306 Thomas, referendarius, 100–1, 102 spoliation, 243–5 Thrasamund, 126 style in, 201–5 Three Chapters Controversy, 71–2 Theodahad in, 311–21 Tiberius, Emperor, 40 Theoderic in, 155–6, 172–3, 176–8, 183, Totila, 14, 19, 35, 112, 120, 126, 145, 147, 149 308, 310–12, 317, 320–1 traditionalism, 32–3, 254–6, 330–3 utilitas publica in, 240–5, 323–4 in civil service, 48–53, 58–9, 62–7, 68–9, varietas in, 199–207 82–3 waters in, 275–7, 317–20 in Dialogue on Political Science, 101–2 varietas, 199–207, 268, 289, 295, 296–7 in John Lydus, 115–17 in theVariae. See Variae

369

Index

Var ro, 260 Walahfrid Strabo, 159 Venantius, son of Liberius, 144, Watts, Edward, 66 167 Witigis, 12–14, 17–18, 26–30, 126–7, 143–4, Vettius Mavortius, 196, 200 307, 311 Victor, sixth-century chronicler, 159 Victor of Vita, 325 Zeno, 80 Vigilius, Pope, 18, 160 Zeno, Emperor, 10, 55, 60 Virgil, 255, 281 Zosimus, 40, 85–94, 95, 99, 109, 115–17, 118, Vitalian, 61, 136 119, 122, 186, 221, 236–7, 239 Vivarium, 15, 22, 24, 35, 36, 186 background and aims, 85–9

370