6 X 10.Long New.P65

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76551-0 - Egypt and the Limits of Hellenism Ian S. Moyer Index More information

Index

(References in bold are to ﬁgures.)

Achaemenid Persians, 9, 37, 40, 52, 60, 61–62, annals, 115, 140 87, 93, 132, 135, 136, 141; see also Egypt: anthropology see Sahlins, M.; ethnography; Persian Domination (First and Second) Clifford, J. Artaxerxes I, 60, 69 Anubis, 174, 198, 200, 246 Artaxerxes III, 93, 136, 139, 171 Apion of Alexandria, 94 Cambyses, 60, 61, 62, 73 Apollo, 39, 142, 176, 185, 189, 194, 198 Cyrus, 61 temple on Delos, 142, 167 Darius I, 60, 61, 65, 73–74, 241, 242 Apollonios I (Egyptian priest on Delos), 157, 158, Darius III, 136 161, 162, 163, 180, 183, 186, 187, 189, 200, Xerxes, 72 284, 285 Africanus (Sextus Julius), 84, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, Apollonios II (Egyptian priest on Delos), 142–43, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 133, 136 156–57, 158, 159, 160, 165, 174, 175, 176, 178, agency (in historiography on Greek–Egyptian 179, 180, 187–89, 191–92, 194, 195, 197, 200, relations), 1–2, 3–10, 38, 42–43, 47–51, 202, 203, 206–07, 278, 279, 284–86 82–83, 151–53 appropriation, cultural and intellectual, 3, 8–9, Alexander Romance, 10, 137–38 40, 46–47, 82, 100, 226–28, 246, 247–49, Alexander the Great, 1, 2, 11, 15–17, 18, 19, 20, 74, 262, 265, 267, 268–70, 273, 274, 279, 89, 99, 127, 140, 145, 146, 211 281 connected with Nectanebo, 138–39 Apries see Sa¨ıte dynasty in Egypt, 9–10, 260 Apuleius, 224, 249, 273, 280 pharaonic titulary, 87, 138 archaism, Late Egyptian, 37, 70–74, 107 tomb in Alexandria, 88, 91 aretalogy, 39, 143, 180, 181, 194, 206 Alexandria, 9, 17, 19, 21, 23–24, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, of Imhotep–Asclepius, 251 138, 144, 145, 149, 169, 184, 209, 212, 228, of Isis, 174, 181 230, 233, 249, 263, 287–88 of Sarapis on Delos see Delian Sarapis Rhakotis, 145, 148 aretalogy Sarapieion, 147, 150, 169, 170 Arsinoe see Ptolemaic dynasty alterity see representation Art of Eudoxus, 238–39 Amasis see Sa¨ıte dynasty Artaxerxes see Achaemenid Persians Amenhotep, son of Hapy, 250, 251 Asclepius, 165, 201, 289 in Manetho’s Aegyptiaca (Amenophis, son of Egyptian Imhotep, 210, 228, 243, 245, 248, Paapis), 122, 124, 133, 135 249, 250–52, 254, 262, 280; see also Imhotep Amenophis (pharaoh in Manetho’s Aegyptiaca), associations, religious, 156, 160, 201, 203 95, 106–07, 122–24, 125, 133, 136–37, 138–39 Assyrians, 121; see also Egypt: Assyrian invasions animals, sacred, 122–23, 124, 127, 138, 141, 170, of 271, 272 astrology and astronomy, 39, 213, 217–19, 220, Apis bull, 60, 123, 124, 127, 147, 163, 170, 176, 221, 228, 229, 231–32, 245, 246–47, 250, 253, 272 279, 293–97

340

Index 341

botanical and medical astrology, 39, 208, 210, commands, royal, 165, 166, 171, 172, 173, 174 216–17, 230–31, 265 commoditization, 265–67 Greek–Egyptian exchanges, 236, 239 Contendings of Horus and Seth, 175, 177–79, 192; in Egyptian priestly milieux, 235–44, 250–51 see also Horus; Seth Mesopotamian traditions in Egypt, 237, 238, Coptos, 90 241–42 court, Ptolemaic, 30, 32, 37, 38, 40, 86, 87, 88, 89, Augustus, 215, 270 91, 97, 102, 103, 117, 140–41, 144, 148, 277 authenticity, 38, 152, 153, 164, 182, 195, 206, 207 Cromer, Lord, 14–15 Avaris, 120, 121, 122, 125, 136 cross-cultural interaction, models see appropriation; bilingualism; colonialism; Bagnall, R., 33, 100 diaspora; ethnography; hybridity; Baring, E. see Cromer, Lord representation; translation Bentresh Stela, 61, 71, 173 acculturation, 38, 152, 181, 193, 279 Bernal, M., 29, 50, 116 assimilation, 181, 206 Bevan, E., 19–20 de-Hellenization/Egyptianization, 16–17, 22 Bhabha, H., 25, 182 Hellenization, 12–13, 17, 25, 26, 27, 38, 98, 148, bilingualism, 1, 31–32, 139, 147, 162, 169, 170, 149–50, 181, 182, 193 234, 236, 252, 268 separatism, 26–27, 28–29, 32, 89, 150 Bocchoris, 53, 59, 133, 233 syncretism, 14, 27, 36, 38, 99, 144, 145–48, Book of the Dead, 56, 178, 246, 256, 257, 272 151–53, 182, 192, 194, 206–07 Book of Thoth, 224, 244, 260, 261 transactional process, 2, 35, 275, 281 Borgeaud, P., 150–51 Cumont, F., 14, 213–14, 217–18, 219–20, 293 Bouche-Leclercq,´ A., 14, 99 Curse of Artemisia, 147 Bryce, J., 15 Cyrus see Achaemenid Persians burial and funerary customs, Egyptian, 55, 70, 126, 256; see also Book of the Dead Daedalus, 58 Burke, E., 16 Danaus, 94, 112, 117, 122 Darius see Achaemenid Persians Cadmus, 111, 117 decrees, divine see commands, divine Callimachus, 184–85, 201 Deir el-Bahri, 250, 251 Cambyses see Achaemenid Persians Deir el-Medineh, 251 Canopus Decree, 91, 119, 141, 260, 261 Delian Sarapis aretalogy, 39, 142–43, 157–59, Carians in Egypt, 54, 55 194–95, 206, 278–79 Castaneda, C., 227, 268 allusions to Homer, 181–82, 185–92, 193 Certeau, M. de, 5–6, 274 and Hellenistic poetry, 184–85 Chaeremon, 137, 242, 269, 280 date, 156–57, 195 Chakrabarty, D., 34–35 divine commands in dreams, 165, 166, Chaosbeschreibung see literature, Egyptian 174–75 Charaxus, 56 genealogy, 161, 162, 164 chronicles, 84, 115, 139, 140 physical characteristics, 153–56, 157, 175–76, chronology see also synchronism 179–80, 206 Egyptian, 52, 63–68, 75, 78, 84–85, 95–96, 107, text and translation, 282–86 109, 111, 140 trial of Apollonios, 159–61, 175, 176–78, 179, Greek, 79–81, 108, 109–10, 111–12, 113, 140 195, 205–06 universal, 84–85, 95, 103, 107–08, 111, 112, Delos, 39, 142, 143, 153, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 113–14, 140, 278 163, 164, 167–68, 180, 182, 185, 186, 187, 189, Cleopatra see Ptolemaic dynasty 190, 192, 193, 194, 206, 278, 285, 286 Clifford, J., 49 independence, 40, 165, 167–68, 196–97 colonialism, imperialism and scholarship on Sarapis temples (Sarapieia), 142, 143, 153, 154, Greek–Egyptian relations, 8, 14–25, 98, 99, 155, 165, 195–206, 207, 279 100–02, 114; see also post-colonial period; under Athenian control, 160, 168, 202, post-colonial critique 204–05 colonization, Greek narratives of, 116–18, 122 Demeter, 176, 201 commands, divine, 158, 165–71, 173, 174–75, 284, Demetrios I (Egyptian priest on Delos), 157, 158, 285 164, 176, 180, 183

342 Index

Demetrios II (Egyptian priest on Delos), 160, Persian Domination (First), 56, 61, 68, 69, 70, 204–05 135, 241, 275 Demetrios III (Egyptian priest on Delos), 205 Persian Domination (Second), 62, 87, 89, 128, Democritus, 58 135, 136, 138, 139, 141, 174 Demotic Chronicle, 38, 128–30, 131–32, 132, 134, Ptolemaic, 1, 11, 12–13, 17, 18–21, 22, 23–24, 277 26, 27–28, 29–32, 37, 40, 86–91, 99, 100, Demotic Egyptian, 28, 31, 56, 119, 131, 171, 183, 126–27, 144–45, 146, 148–49, 150, 163, 232, 247, 252, 256, 260, 281 169–70, 174, 233–34, 238–41, 247, 267, 271, sources, 30, 31, 38, 60, 72, 73, 78, 108, 119–20, 273, 275, 277–78, 279; see also Alexandria; 121, 126, 128–30, 131–32, 133, 134, 137, 139, court, Ptolemaic; Ptolemaic dynasty 148, 162, 170, 171, 174, 178, 198, 224, 232–33, Roman, 39, 40, 93, 163, 208, 219, 225, 235–37, 235–37, 239, 241, 244–45, 250, 252–53, 259, 249–53, 254, 255, 269–73, 275 260, 261, 277, 293 Sa¨ıte Period, 40, 53–57, 58–59, 70–71; see also Dendera, 66, 89, 175, 235, 250, 257, 260 Sa¨ıte dynasty Deucalion, 111, 112, 113 Egypt and Egyptians, images in Greek literature, dialogical history, 2, 35, 37, 40, 274, 275, 277, 5, 46, 78–79 281 antiquity, 3, 37, 42, 43, 46, 63 diaspora, 39, 40, 187, 207, 275, 278 primordiality, 3–4, 46, 47 Dillery, J., 97, 134 strangeness, 1, 3 Diodorus Siculus, 58, 59, 72, 74, 104, 105, 107, wealth, 53 110, 111, 113, 116, 117, 136, 139, 179, 242, 256, wisdom, 39, 42, 52–53, 58–59, 61, 63, 208, 277 224–26, 269, 273 Dionysus, 80, 132, 147, 201 Egyptians abroad, 61–62, 161–62; see also Apion divination, 208, 246, 247, 249, 252, 255, 256; see of Alexandria; Chaeremon; Harnouphis; also astrology and astronomy; prophecy Horus of Kasion; Ouaphres, son of Horus; and revelation Taessa; Thaesis; Thermouthris; dreams, 61, 137, 145, 151, 158, 161, 165, 166, Udjahorresne 168–69, 170, 171, 172–73, 197, 201, 250, 278, Elephantine, 61, 135, 172, 173, 215 288 Engelmann, H., 179, 180, 182, 183, 194 lekanomancy, 252, 280, 288 enktesis (in Greek law, permission to own land), portents and omens, 189, 190, 233, 235, 237, 159, 161 241 Eretria, 161, 164 Djed-pillar, 171, 175–76 Esna, 175, 235 Djedhor of Tanis, 89 Ethiopia, 80, 123, 124, 136 Djedhor the Lion, 89 ethnicity, 30, 31, 111, 161, 162, 179, 199–200, 207, Djedhor the Savior, 89, 166, 174 235, 270 Djedkhonsefankh, 67, 68 ethnography, 3–4, 5–6, 9, 37, 43, 44–45, 46–47, Djoser, 70, 72, 124, 128, 173 48–51, 83, 92, 96, 105, 117, 118, 226, 277 Dream of Nectanebo, 31, 134, 137–38, 170–71 Eudoxus of Cnidus, 238 dreams see divination Eusebius, 92, 93, 95, 96, 108, 112, 278 Droysen, J. G., 11–14, 15, 26, 27, 37, 98–99, 140, Exodus, 94, 116, 117, 118, 123, 135 145–47, 148, 149, 220–21 Famine Stela, 72, 173 Eddy,S.K.,26 festivals, 61, 91, 113, 139, 173, 175, 176, 178, 239, Edfu, 57, 72, 139, 175, 235, 238, 257, 258, 259, 240 260, 262 Festugiere,` A. J., 220, 221, 223 Egypt Firmicus Maternus, 228, 230, 243, 244 Assyrian invasions of, 53 forgery, 216, 267, 268 Late Period, 28, 37, 43, 61, 62–63, 69–71, 74, Fowden, G., 223 78, 120, 124, 126, 127, 128, 130; see also Frankfurter, D., 225–26, 269 Egypt: Sa¨ıte period; Nectanebids; Egypt: Fraser, P. M., 23–24, 97, 150 Persian Domination (First and Second) Froidefond, C., 3–4, 46 Libyan rulers, 53, 54, 69, 70; see also Tefnakht; Bocchoris Galen, 213, 214, 216, 230 Nubian rulers, 53; see also Piye; Shabaka Geb, 177

Index 343

genealogy Herodotus, 1, 2, 5, 9, 36, 37, 42, 43, 50, 51–52, 58, Egyptian, 36, 37, 42, 43, 46, 63, 65–69, 75, 59, 61, 63, 65, 68, 74, 75, 76, 83, 84, 104, 107, 161, 162–64, 192, 275, 276, 277, 278 106, 274, 275, 276–77 Greek, 36, 42, 43, 51, 74, 76, 79, 80, 81, 82, and Manetho, 97, 103, 105, 108–10, 111–14, 107, 108, 111, 112, 113, 140, 276 140, 277 hourglass effect in oral genealogies, 66, 111, date of visit to Egypt, 40, 60, 69 114 modern scholarship, 3–5, 6–7, 9, 42–48, 49, literary, 193–94 51, 82 of Orientalism, 8, 10 reconciliation of Greek and Egyptian Gnomon of the Idios Logos, 271, 272 historicities, 82, 107–08 Greeks in Egypt historiography adoption of Egyptian customs, 27, 30, 31, 55 apologetic, 96–97 immigrants, 17, 19, 22, 27, 32, 55, 149, 199; see Egyptian representations of the past see also Hellenomemphites genealogy: Egyptian; king-lists; Manetho; intermarriage with Egyptians, 20, 22, 23, 55, Demotic Chronicle; Hornung, E. 234 Greek see Diodorus Siculus; Hecataeus of mercenaries, 54, 56–58 Abdera; Hecataeus of Miletus; Herodotus; traders and merchants, 54, 56 Manetho; Timaeus visiting intellectuals, 58–59; see also Daedalus; Hoffmann, F., 238 Democritus; Eudoxus of Cnidus; Homer, 1, 39, 58, 77, 78, 112, 113, 193; see also Herodotus; Homer; Plato; Polybius; Delian Sarapis aretalogy: allusions to Pythagoras; Solon; Thales; Thessalos; Homer tourism in Egypt EgyptinHomer,52–53 Griaule, M., 226 H. or of Sebennytos, 148, 170 Grote, G., 15–17 Hornung, E., 130 Guha, R., 102 Horus, 72, 125, 139, 141, 162, 166, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 185, 192, 195, 257, 259, 262, Harkhebi, 239–41 278 Harnouphis, 269 Horus of Kasion, 199, 200, 202 Harpocrates, 169, 170, 201 House of Life see scriptorium/library of Egyptian Harpokration of Alexandria, 211, 212 temples Hartog, F., 3, 5, 6, 46–47, 76 hybridity, 15, 27, 152, 182, 207 heb-sed (pharaonic jubilee festival), 139, 176 Hyksos (“Shepherd Kings”), 93, 94, 95, 106, 118, Hecataeus of Abdera, 37, 96, 97, 103, 104, 105, 120–21, 123, 124, 125, 135, 136 110, 116–17, 118, 121, 122, 123, 277 hymns, 185, 201, 256; see also aretalogy Hecataeus of Miletus, 36, 37, 42, 43, 44, 45, 58, to Isis, 174 59, 60, 63, 65, 67, 74, 75, 76, 81, 83 to Sarapis see Delian Sarapis aretalogy Hegel, G. W. F., 11, 12, 13, 99, 102, 115, 140, 146 Imhotep, 210, 245, 250, 251, 252, 253 Helen, 52, 59, 77, 78, 112 Inaros, 60, 71 Heliopolis, 52, 58, 67, 68, 86, 238, 245 India, 14, 15, 16, 20, 35, 99, 102 Hellenism, 2, 3, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, initiation, 226, 227, 248–49, 258–61, 262, 263, 26, 28, 32, 39, 85, 86, 97, 98, 99, 102, 140, 264, 280 150, 181, 182, 184, 193, 208, 211, 220, 221, Inopos (river on Delos), 142, 153, 154, 160, 197, 281 202 Hellenismus see Droysen, J. G. connected to Nile, 201–02 Hellenization see cross-cultural interaction, interpretatio Graeca, 120, 167, 171, 176, 177, 201, models 245 Hellenomemphites, 147, 148, 161, 162 Isis, 137, 143, 145, 146, 161, 165, 168, 169, 171, 174, Hephaestion of Thebes, 228, 238 175, 176, 178, 179, 180, 181, 189, 195, 198, Heracles, 78, 79–80, 81, 108, 109, 110, 111 200, 201, 285 Hermes, 77, 177, 201, 243, 244, 251 Ithaka, 186, 187, 190, 191, 192, 193, 278 Hermes Trismegistus, 211, 216, 223, 267, 280 Hermetica, 220, 223, 224, 247, 261, 267–68, Josephus (Flavius), 92, 94–95, 96, 106, 107, 112, 273, 279, 280 118, 121, 122, 138

344 Index

Karnak, 68, 71, 126, 173, 198, 251, 259 Manetho, 2, 37–38, 64, 84, 89, 91, 102–03, cache of statues, 65, 67, 260 140–41, 149, 232, 234, 277 Khababash, 136 biographical information, 38, 85–87, 88, Khnum, 72, 135, 173 91–92, 145 king-lists, Egyptian, 38, 63–65, 68, 103, 104, king-list structure of Aegyptiaca, 127–28, 129, 105–06, 107–08, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 118, 130–31 121, 125–27, 128, 130, 131, 139, 140, 277, modern scholarship, 96–98, 99, 100–01, 278 114–15, 134 kingship narrative segments of Aegyptiaca, 118–25 dual Greek–Egyptian, 32, 185, 277 prophecy and apocalyptic in the Aegyptiaca, in Hellenistic period, 222–23 133–40 pharaonic, 60, 62, 103, 118, 121, 122, 123, 125, relationship to Greek historiography, 103–14, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 139, 141, 165, 116, 118, 140 172, 173, 192, 276, 277, 278, 280 transmission and reception, 84–85, 92–96, 116 Listenwissenschaft, 129–30 Memnon, colossus of (sculpture of literature, Egyptian Amenhotep III), 93, 251, 254 biographical texts, 57, 61–62, 66, 70, 89–90, Memphis, 39, 52, 54, 66, 73, 123, 136, 148, 149, 163, 164, 240–41 158, 163, 170, 171, 172, 181, 186, 250, 285, Chaosbeschreibung, 133 294; see also Saqqara Demotic, 38, 73, 119–20, 128–30, 131–32, 133, Menelaus, 52, 53, 77, 78, 112 137, 171, 174, 178, 232–33, 244–45, 261, 277 Merire, 244, 280 dramatic texts, 178 Merneptah, 172 Konigsnovelle¨ , 123–24, 134, 151, 172–73, 278 migration see Egyptians abroad; Greeks in Egypt narrative patterns, 124–25; see also mimicry, 182, 184, 193 Konigsnovelle¨ Momigliano, A., 1–2, 3, 11, 26, 31, 98, 267 narratives, 61, 71, 73, 137, 171, 172–73, 177–78, Moses, 95, 117, 121, 122 225, 232–33, 244–45, 246 prophecy and apocalyptic, 128–29, 131–32, Napoleon I, 9–10 133–35, 137–38, 170–71 Narmuthis (Medinet Madi), 235 scientific texts, 61, 235–37, 241, 293 Naucratis, 54, 55, 56, 58 wisdom and instruction texts, 119–20, 139, 261 Nechepso, 39, 209, 210, 214, 216, 222, 223, 226, literature, Graeco-Egyptian, 40, 234, 267–68; see 228–32, 233, 234, 235, 239, 241–42, 243, 244, also Alexander Romance; Dream of 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 253, 254, 265, 267, Nectanebo; Hermes Trismegistus; Nechepso 279, 280, 287, 289 Lobsang Rampa, T., 227, 269 identified as Necho II, 232–33 Lucas, C. P., 15 Necho see Sa¨ıte Dynasty Luxor, 172, 250, 260 Nectanebids (30th Dynasty) Lycophron, 184, 201 Nectanebo I (Nectanebes), 87, 88, 128, 129 NectaneboII(Nectanebos),31, 87–88, 93, 136, Maat, 62, 120, 124, 129, 139, 178, 262 137, 138, 139, 141, 171 magic, 39, 52, 180, 191, 208, 209–10, 274, 275 Tachos, 128, 129 Egyptian concept (heka), 223, 256, 258 Nectanebo see Nectanebids (30th Dynasty) in Egyptian literature, 244–46 Nero, 213, 214, 215, 216, 280 magical initiation, 248–49 Nesisty–Petobastis, 91; see also priests, Egyptian: magical papyri, bilingual, 252–53 high priests of Ptah at Memphis magical papyri, Demotic, 252 Nile, 4, 10, 58, 105, 173, 201–02 magical papyri, Greek, 247, 252, 256, 279 Nock, A. D., 149, 194, 220, 221 modern scholarship, 219–26 Nubian rulers of Egypt see Egypt: Nubian rulers problems of cross-cultural definition, 223, 265 secrecy, 255–56, 280 Odysseus, 53, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, Mahaffy,J.P.,17–19 278 Maiistas, 157, 158–59, 160, 165, 176, 177, 179–82, Onuris, 137, 138, 171 183–84, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191, 193, 194, Opous, 168 202, 205, 206, 207, 278, 285 Orpheus, 58, 211

Index 345

Osiris, 146, 147, 166, 175, 176, 177, 179, 192, 201, in Roman period, 39, 223–26, 235, 249, 254, 257 269–73, 281 other, representation of see representation initiation, 248–49, 259–61 Ouaphres, son of Horus, 161 relation to pharaoh, 122, 126, 141, 171, 244, 276, 279, 281 Pachrates, 224, 269 secrecy, 255–58, 261–62 Pan, 80 prophecy and revelation, 54, 122, 123, 133–34, 135, Paris, 77, 78, 112 136, 138, 228–29, 243, 248, 250, 252, 289; see Pedon, 57–58 also astrology and astronomy; divination Penelope, 187, 191 Prophecy of Neferti, 133 Persian Empire see Achaemenid Persians Prophecy of the Lamb, 133, 136 Petese, 245, 279, 280 Proteus, 52, 77, 112 identiﬁed with Petosiris, 245 Psammatichos, son of Theokles, 55, 56, 57 Petosiris, 228, 231, 232, 233, 242–43, 244, 245, Psammetichus see Sa¨ıte dynasty 246, 247, 248, 279, 280 Ptah, 91, 163, 245, 251 Petosiris of Hermopolis, 62, 89, 174, Ptolemaic dynasty, 11, 18, 22, 32, 38, 40, 87–89, 232 90–91, 126–27, 135, 139, 141, 149, 173, 174, Pingree, D., 214 278, 279 Piraeus, 161 Arsinoe II, 86, 88, 90, 127, 174 Piye, 53 Arsinoe III, 127 Plato, 5, 56, 58, 59 Berenike II, 127, 174 Plutarch, 38, 58, 77, 86, 144, 145, 151, 169, 171, Cleopatra I, 127 173, 177, 179 Cleopatra II, 127, 170 Pluto, 145 Cleopatra VII, 40, 126, 170, 270 poetry, Hellenistic Greek, 32, 184; see also Ptolemy Eupator, 127 Callimachus; Lycophron; Theocritus Ptolemy I Soter, 14, 38, 72, 86, 87, 88, 89, 100, Polybius, 22, 23 132, 135, 145, 148, 149, 169 views of Egyptians, 17, 24 Ptolemy II Philadelphus, 86, 90, 127, 135, 164, portents and omens see divination 169, 174 post-colonial critique, 5, 7–9, 10, 34–35, 38, Ptolemy III Euergetes, 86, 90, 91, 127, 141, 48–50, 100, 102, 113, 182, 193–94; see also 147, 148, 174 Bhabha, H.; Chakrabarty, D.; colonialism; Ptolemy IV Philopator, 19, 23, 127, 169, 170, Guha, R.; post-colonial period; Said, E.; 172, 174 Vasunia, P. Ptolemy V Epiphanes, 127, 173 post-colonial period and scholarship on Ptolemy VI Philometor, 13, 126, 127, 170, 173, Greek–Egyptian relations, 25–28, 32–33, 174, 234, 257 99–100 Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, 17, 19, 24, 127, 238, Preaux,´ C., 26–27 243, 250 Pre-Harakhti, 177 Ptolemy IX Soter II, 173 Priene, 57, 58, 161 Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, 110 priests, Egyptian, 1, 2, 34, 36–37, 38, 39, 42, Ptolemaic period see Egypt: Ptolemaic 50–52, 59, 63, 65, 68, 74, 75, 82, 83, 138, 161, Ptolemaios, son of Glaukias, 30, 31, 170, 173, 200, 207, 236, 275, 276; see also 238 Apollonios; Chaeremon; Demetrios; purity, ritual/religious, 79, 95, 122, 124, 203, 209, Harkhebi; Harnouphis; 223, 255, 271, 272, 273, 288 H. or of Sebennytos; Horus; Manetho; pyramids in Greek historiography, 109–10 Nesisty–Petobastis; Pachrates; Pythagoras, 58 Udjahorresne hereditary priesthood, 68–69, 163–64, 174–75, race (in modern scholarship), 19, 22–24, 25 179, 192, 202, 205, 276, 278 Raphia, Battle of, 22, 23, 172, 234 high priests of Ptah at Memphis, 90–91, religion, 4, 14, 38–39, 143–44, 145–46, 149, 197, 163 206, 219–23, 256, 279; see also related terms, in Late Period, 37, 43, 53, 61–63 e.g.: burial and funerary customs, in Ptolemaic period, 86–87, 89–91, 234, Egyptian; divination; festivals; magic; 237 priests, Egyptian; ritual

346 Index

representation, 1–2, 34, 49–50, 68, 81, 83, 248; see Seth, 120, 124, 125, 135, 139, 175, 176, 177, 178, also appropriation, cultural and intellectual; 179, 192, 278; see also Typhon Egypt and Egyptians, images in Greek Setne Khamwas, 244, 245, 280 literature Shabaka, 53 historical, 135, 140 Shabaka Stone, 177 of Jews in Greek and Graeco-Egyptian Shaw, R., 152 literature, 94–95, 96, 117–18, 120 Simmel, G., 255 of the other/alterity, 2–10, 46–48, 49, 51, 82, Sinope, 38, 86, 145, 151 224–25, 227, 265, 267, 268 Smith, J. Z., 132, 134, 222–23 revolts in Egypt Solon, 45, 58–59 against Persian rule, 60 space, sacred, 203, 249, 258, 259, 261 against Ptolemaic rule, 22, 28, 31 statues of Egyptian priests, 36, 42, 65–66, 67, 68, Ritner, R., 223 74–75, 89, 157, 158, 164, 165, 180, 198, 240, ritual, 39, 129, 131, 162, 175, 176, 201, 224, 246, 260, 275, 276, 284 252, 253, 256, 257, 262, 272, 281; see also Stewart, C., 152 related terms, e.g.: divination; festivals; subaltern historiography, 34–35, 36 initiation; magic Syncellus, George, 92–93, 94, 278 Rosetta Stone, 91, 141 synchronism, 79–81, 93, 94, 106, 108–14, 140 Rostovtzeff, M. I., 21 syncretism see cross-cultural interaction, models Roussel, P., 142, 143, 156, 194, 195 Syrian War, Sixth, 234 Ryholt, K., 232, 245 Tachnepsis, 201, 202 Sahlins, M., 1, 2, 48, 275 Tachos see Nectanebids (30th Dynasty) Said, E., 5, 7–9, 10, 267 Tacitus, 144, 145, 151, 169, 171, 173 Sa¨ıs, 52, 55, 58, 59, 61, 62, 133, 182, 198, 232, 233, Taessa, 161, 195, 199 239 Tarn, W. W., 22 Sa¨ıte dynasty, 40, 53, 69, 70, 71, 232, 241, 279 Teachings of Amenemope, 139 Amasis, 56, 58, 59, 61, 70, 79, 106 Tebtunis, 235, 236, 237, 270 Apries, 70, 161 temple library, 124, 233, 236–37, 245 Necho II, 233, 241, 279 Tefnakht, 53 Psammetichus I, 53–54, 57, 232, 233 Telemachus, 112, 187, 190–91, 192, 278 Psammetichus II, 70 Thaesis, 199 Psammetichus III, 61 Thales, 58 Salmeschiniaka, 230 Thebes, 53, 54, 69, 93, 243, 252–54, 281 Saqqara, 126, 178; see also Memphis Asclepius–Imhotep in Thebes, 249–52 Sarapieion, 147, 170, 199, 238 Hecataeus of Miletus in Thebes, 36, 37, 59, Sarapis, 38–39, 86, 142, 144–47, 148–51, 153, 157, 60, 63 158, 159, 165, 166, 168–69, 174, 175, 178, 180, Herodotus in Thebes, 2, 36, 37, 40, 51, 52, 74, 181, 185, 187, 188, 189, 191, 192, 194, 195, 197, 82 200, 201, 206, 207, 278, 285, 286 statues of priests, 65–66, 67–68, 76 Egyptian Oserapis (Wsr-H. p), 38, 147, 148, Thebes in Homer, 53, 112 150, 170, 176 Thessalos in Thebes, 39, 208, 209, 223, 226, Satrap Stela, 71 228, 253, 254, 261, 274, 275; see also Scaliger, J. J., 84–85, 95, 278 Thessalos scriptorium/library of Egyptian temples, 61, 63, Theocritus, 184 124, 236, 245, 257, 261 Thermouthris, 199 Sebennytos, 86, 87, 88, 137, 138, 141, 171 Thessaloniki, 161, 168, 169, 174, 181 secrecy, 247–48, 254, 255–59, 261–62, 264–65, Thessalos, 39–40, 208–10, 226, 227, 231, 274, 268, 273, 275, 280 275, 279, 280 Senu of Coptos, 89, 90, 162, 164 and cultural appropriation, 264–67, 269, 273 Sesostris and Egyptian priesthood, 248–49, 253–55, 258, legendary ﬁgure, 74, 92, 101, 104, 108, 109, 261, 262–64 121, 128 and Nechepso–Petosiris literature, 228–30, Sesostris I, 73, 172 232, 242, 246, 247–48, 267 Sesostris III, 73 and Thessalos of Tralles, 213–17

Index 347

date of treatise De virtutibus herbarum, 213, Tu rc a n , R . , 181 214, 217–19, 293–97, 295, 296 Typhon, 120, 177, 179; see also Seth in Thebes, 249–50, 251, 252, 253; see also Thebes Udjahorresne, 61–62, 63 modern scholarship, 219–26 transmission of treatise De virtutibus Vasunia, P., 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 herbarum, 211–12, 213 Vettius Valens, 228, 233, 293, 294 thirty (as a canonical number), 94, 139 Vidal-Naquet, P., 26, 37 Thoth, 178, 245, 250, 251, 261; see also Hermes Volokhine, Y., 150, 151 Timaeus of Tauromenium, 113 Timotheus, 38, 145, 149 Wahibre-em-achet, 55 titulary, pharaonic, 61, 70, 87–88, 138, 141 Walcott, D., 193 tourism in Egypt, 93, 251, 254; see also Greeks in water in Egyptian religion outside Egypt, 160, Egypt 201–02 translation see also interpretatio Graeca; White, H., 115, 139, 140 literature, Graeco-Egyptian Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, U. von, 22, 183 Egyptian to Greek, 31, 37, 75, 86, 118, 119, 131, Will, E.,´ 28, 33, 100 137, 147, 170, 171, 181, 239, 272, 279 Winckelmann, J. J., 13 Greek to Egyptian, 141, 223, 239 trial Xerxes see Achaemenid Persians of Apollonios on Delos, 143, 158–61, 175, 177, 179, 191, 192, 195, 206, 278 Young, R., 3 of Horus and Seth, 175, 176, 177–79, 278 Zenon archive, 169 Tro j a n Wa r, 9, 77, 78, 112, 113, 187, 189, Zeus, 79, 80, 119, 167, 189, 201 190 Zeus Kasios, 200, 201, 202