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Antimicrobial Resistance Evaluation of Bacteria Isolated from Infections in Small Animals in the Umuarama Region, Paraná1 Marilia M

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Antimicrobial Resistance Evaluation of Bacteria Isolated from Infections in Small Animals in the Umuarama Region, Paraná1 Marilia M Pesq. Vet. Bras. 40(10):804-813, October 2020 DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-6420 Original Article Small Animal Diseases ISSN 0100-736X (Print) ISSN 1678-5150 (Online) PVB-6420 SA Antimicrobial resistance evaluation of bacteria isolated from infections in small animals in the Umuarama region, Paraná1 Marilia M. Souza2, Jéssica T. Bordin3, Ana Cláudia L. Pavan3 2, Ricardo A.P. Sfaciotte4, Vanessa K.C. Vignoto5, Marcos Ferrante6 and Sheila R. Wosiacki5* , Raquel G.A. Rodrigues ABSTRACT.- Souza M.M., Bordin J.T., Pavan A.C.L., Rodrigues R.G.A., Sfaciotte R.A.P., Vignoto V.K.C., Ferrante M. & Wosiacki S.R. 2020. Antimicrobial resistance evaluation of bacteria isolated from infections in small animals in the Umuarama region, Paraná. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 40(10):804-813. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Antimicrobial resistance evaluation of bacteria de Maringá, Estrada da Paca s/n, Jardim São Cristóvão, Umuarama, PR 87507-190, Brazil. isolated from infections in small animals in the E-mail: [email protected] Umuarama region, Paraná Bacterial resistance is shown to be an inevitable side effect due to the excessive use of [Avaliação da resistência antimicrobiana de bactérias antibiotics,conscious and becoming moderate a usesignificant of commercially concern availableworldwide. antibiotics. Knowledge The ofaim regional of this study bacterial was resistance profiles enables the development of site-specific infection control practices, making Umuarama, Paraná]. companion animal infections in the region of Umuarama/PR, from 2013 to 2017. This research isoladas de infecções em pequenos animais na região de thewas retrospective performed by evaluation analyzing of the the database antimicrobial belonging resistance to the profile “Laboratório of bacteria de Microbiologia isolated from Souza M.M., Bordin J.T., Pavan A.C.L., Rodrigues R.G.A., Animal” at the “Universidade Estadual de Maringá” (UEM). Staphylococcus spp. represented Sfaciotte R.A.P., Vignoto V.K.C., Ferrante M. & Wosiacki 45.53% of the bacteria isolated from clinical infections in small animals in the period and place evaluated, followed by enterobacteria (34.04%), non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB, 11.06%) and Streptococcus/Enterococcus (9.36%). A high number of antimicrobial S.R. resistance to antibiotics used in veterinary medicine was found. The lowest resistances associated with the best impact factor values were found for aminoglycosides, especially results were found for sulbactam-associated ampicillin, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin-clavulanic amikacin, chloramphenicol, and fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin). Intermediate acid,resistant. and enrofloxacin. Considering Accordingthe resistance to the to numberantimicrobial of resistant classes, antimicrobial 68.94% (162/235) drugs, 64.26% of the (151/235) of the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant, being 15.32% extensively strains were characterized as pan-resistant, but ten bacteria were resistant to all classes isolatestested, with were isolated classified susceptibility as multiresistant, to certain being drugs. 19.15% Through extensively the evaluation resistant. of No resistance bacterial a growing increase in the number of multiresistant bacteria among domestic animals which profilescharacterizes found a in serious the period risk to and public place health. studied The and therapeutic relevant literature,arsenal is becomingit is clear thatincreasingly there is diminished, and there is more difficulty in empirical drug selection, making antimicrobial susceptibility testing essential for more specific selection in antimicrobial therapy. Educational 1 Received on August 9, 2019. 4 Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Accepted for publication on July 11, 2020. Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luiz de Camões 2090, Conta Dinheiro, Lages, SC 2 Graduate Program in Sustainable Production and Animal Health, 88520-000, Brazil. Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Estrada da Paca s/n, Bairro São 5 Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual de Maringá Cristóvão, Umuarama, PR 87507-190, Brazil. (UEM), Estrada da Paca s/n, Bairro São Cristóvão, Umuarama, PR 87507- 3 Residence in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Universidade Estadual 190, Brazil. *Corresponding author: [email protected] de Maringá (UEM), Estrada da Paca s/n, Bairro São Cristóvão, Umuarama, 6 Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras PR 87507-190, Brazil. (UFLA), Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil. 804 Antimicrobial resistance evaluation of bacteria isolated from infections in small animals in the Umuarama region, Paraná 805 zoonoses need to be instituted for the knowledge of health professionals and general access measuresof the population. on the conscious use of antibiotics, infection control, and prevention of local specific INDEX TERMS: Antimicrobial resistance, bacteria, infection, small animals, Brazil, antibiotics, multiresistance, dogs, cats. RESUMO.- [Avaliação da resistência antimicrobiana de INTRODUCTION bactérias isoladas de infecções em pequenos animais Antimicrobials include any natural substance of semi- na região de Umuarama, Paraná.] A resistência bacteriana, synthetic or synthetic origin that kills or inhibits the growth mostra-se como um efeito colateral inevitável pelo excessivo of a microorganism, causing little or no damage to the host. uso de antibióticos, tornando-se alvo de grande preocupação Among these, the most widely used are antibiotics that regionais possibilita o desenvolvimento de práticas de controle substance produced by a microorganism that inhibits or kills mundial. O conhecimento dos perfis de resistência bacteriana wereother definedorganisms by Giguèreat low concentrations. (2013) as a low Since molecular its discovery weight consciente e moderado dos antibióticos disponíveis no mercado. in 1928, when Alexandre Flemming noted that staphylococci de infecções específicas para cada localidade, fazendo uso resistência antimicrobiana de bactérias isoladas de infecções (Prescot 2013), they are widely used for the treatment or Ode objetivo animais deste de companhia estudo foi a avaliaçãona região retrospectiva de Umuarama/PR, do perfil node coloniesprevention were of bacteriallysed on infectionsa Penicillium-contaminated and are among the plaque most important advances in modern medicine (Murphy et al. 2012). da análise do banco de dados pertencente ao Laboratório de As soon as penicillin was discovered, the presence of in resistance was observed and it was said, in the early períodoMicrobiologia de 2013 Animal a 2017. da Esta Universidade pesquisa foi Estadual realizada de porMaringá meio vitro years of its application, that there was a need to be aware (UEM). Os spp. representaram 45,53% das Staphylococcus of the precautions to be taken when administering the drug due to possible undesirable reactions and even of antibiotic no período e local avaliado, seguido por enterobactérias resistance (Pereira & Pita 2005). bactérias(34,04%), isoladas bacilos Gram-negativosde infecções clínicas não fermentadosem pequenos (BGNNF, animais Although numerous studies have provided substantial 11,06%) e Streptococcus/Enterococcus (9,36%). Um número evidence of the spread of multi-resistant bacteria from animals elevado de resistência antimicrobiana frente aos antibióticos to humans, current research indicates that humans can also utilizados na medicina veterinária foi encontrado. As menores transmit animal-resistant pathogens in a reverse zoonotic event resistências associadas aos melhores valores do fator de called zooanthroponosis (Messenger et al. 2014). Pathogens impacto foram encontrados para aminoglicosídeos, em especial be transmitted directly to the animal or indirectly through the acquireddomestic in environment, the hospital environmentbecoming a critical by owners, route for of transmission example, can amicacina,para ampicilina cloranfenicol, associada a fluoroquinolonassulbactam, ceftriaxona, (norfloxacina amoxacilina e between them (Fernandes et al. 2018). ciprofloxacina). Já resultados intermediários foram encontrados Resistant pathogen transfer rates at the human-animal interface as well as antibiotic resistance were increased in both companion comcomo ácido multirresistentes clavulônico e enrofloxacina. 64,26% (151/235) Conforme dos oisolados, número animals (Aidara-Kane 2012) and humans. This increase was desendo drogas 15.32% antimicrobianas extensivamente resistentes, resistentes. foram Já considerando classificados a resistência a classes de antimicrobianos, 68,94% (162/235) drugs in the treatment of patients without real certainty of this accompanied by the more frequent use of these broad-spectrum sendo 19.15% extensivamente resistentes. Nenhum isolado are not performed most of the time (Guardabassi et al. 2010). dosbacteriano isolados foi foram caracterizado classificados como pan-resistente,como multirresistentes, porém 10 need as bacterial agent identification, and susceptibility tests a microorganism can survive when exposed to an antimicrobial bactérias foram resistentes a todas as classes testadas, com to whichAntimicrobial it was initially resistance susceptible is defined (Barie as the 2012, condition WHO 2019) in which or susceptibilidade isolada a determinadas drogas. Por meio da organisms capable of multiplying in the presence of therapeutic or higher antimicrobial concentrations (Sfaciotte et al. 2017). It is considered a complex phenomenon,
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