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INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy sutxnitled. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, arxJ improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, tfiese will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9” black arid white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMÏ NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE THE INTERNATIONAL MUSIC CAMP; MODEL BAND CAMP FROM AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By JENNIFER LOIE PRAY HALL Norman, Oklahoma 2000 UMI Number 9968100 UMI UMI Microform9968100 Copyright 2000 by Bell & Howell Information and beaming Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and beaming Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. 00x1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 THE INTERNATIONAL MUSIC CAMP; MODEL BAND CAMP FROM AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE A Dissertation APPROVED FOR THE SCHOOL OF MUSIC BY Ison, Chair 'Dr. Gerald W. Sivei Dr. M arvin L. Lamià Dr. Stéven C., f. Roy M. Knapp © Copyright by JENNIFER LOIE PRAY HALL 2000 All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my appreciation to the following people: Sincere appreciation is extended to the interview participants who took time to assist me with their comments that comprised the ‘heart* of this document, especially my dear friend Earl Clemens. To Dr. Roger Rideout, for his support as my original major professor, who is responsible for the inspiration and initial execution of this document. To Dr. Mike Rogers, Dr. Eugene Enrico and Dr. David Woods for the information imparted during my doctoral course work and for serving on my doctoral examination committee. Heartfelt gratitude goes to Dr. Gerald Siverson who served as my ‘ interim* co-chair, who by his professionalism, his high expectations and his wise counsel, facilitated the completion of this endeavor with considerable encouragement and motivation. Many, many thanks. To the Dean of Fine Arts, Dr. Marvin Lamb, Dr. E. Joy Nelson, Dr. Steven Curtis, and Dr. Roy Knapp I extend my appreciation for their contributions and willingness to serve on my dissertation committee. A very special thanks goes to Merton and Noella Utgaard, and Joe and Joyce Alme for their friendship, inspiration, cooperation and willingness to share their camp with the world via this project. Their interviews, phone calls, faxes, mailings, literary articles, Merton's book and the camp records all contributed to an impressive compilation of information. IV To my friend and neighbor Sheila Leppert. I am in awe of her intimate knowledge of the computer and the incredible images she has the capacity to create. She has offered many hours of invaluable assistance with the charts and tables manifested in this document, and I will humbly be forever grateful. Many thanks are extended to all my family, friends, and students for their individual and collective support and encouragement throughout my doctoral program. I especially wish to express my gratitude to my dear friends Vicki Jenks, Tori Rice, Bryan Burton, Rosemary Killam, and Rose Cohoon for their constant encouragement and advice. To my parents I am grateful for their inspiration to continue learning and to achieve my goals. I express my sincere appreciation to Or. Joan Smith, Mary Yungeberg, and Dr. Harry Krueger for their editorial advice throughout the initial stages of this document. Finally, my deepest thanks and gratitude belong to my husband and fellow camp proponent Gail, for inspiring me to undertake this project; and for his unconditional love, his encouragement to succeed, and his assistance as editor along the many steps to its completion. DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF THE FOUNDER OF THE INTERNATIONAL MUSIC CAMP DR. MERTON UTGAARD VI TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................ xii LIST OF FIGURES.............................................................................................. xii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1 Purpose of the S tudy .................................................................... 3 Significance of the Study .............................................................. 4 Limitations ...................................................................................... 5 Resources for the Study .............................................................. 6 Human Resources ......................................................................... 7 Interviews ...................................................................................... 8 Sample Interview Guide .............................................................. 10 II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ................................................. 12 III. INITIAL FOUNDATIONS FOR SUCCESS, 1956- 1960 ............ 17 Biographies ................................................................................... 17 Inspiration and Implementation .................................................. 25 Administrative Considerations ..................................................... 31 Developing an Affordable Fee Structure ................................... 33 Scholarship Assistance for Students ......................................... 34 Developing a Student Supervision S trategy .............................. 37 Merton and Noella: A Team Effort .............................................. 38 Communications and Political Contacts ..................................... 40 Interview Responses .................................................................... 42 Location ....................................................................................... 44 IV. CONTINUED SUCCESS .................................................................. 52 Utgaard Administration: 1961-1983 ............................................ 52 Cultivating a Relationship With the North Dakota Legislature 54 Paradigm for Success: Fundraising ............................................ 56 Camp Promotional Activities ....................................................... 58 Definition of Success: Growth Indicators ................................... 61 Enrollment Figures From 1956-1983 ......................................... 62 Student Constituency: Canadian Connections .......................... 71 vii Student Constituency: International Connections ...................... 78 Administrative Structure .............................................................. 85 Maintaining an Affordable Fee Structure ................................... 88 Scholarship Assistance for Students .......................................... 88 Awards ........................................................................................... 91 Consistent Student Management Strategy ............................... 92 Husband/Wife Partnership ............................................................ 93 Communications and Political Contacts ..................................... 94 Retirement .................................................................................... 94 Utgaard’s Legacy ......................................................................... 95 V. IMC CONSTITUENTS ...................................................................... 105 Artist/Teacher Selection .................................................................105 Inclusive Admittance Policy ......................................................... 108 Band Placement ........................................................................... 110 Instructional Qualities ..................................................................... I l l Private Instruction ......................................................................... 113 S ta m in a .......................................................................................... 116 Conductors .................................................................................... 122 Supervision .................................................................................... 129 Administrative Support System ...................................................135