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Home , Leon Kobrin, Shifra Lerer

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University of Cape Town T

THE HISTORY OF YIDDISH THEATRE IN SOUTH AFRICA FROM THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY TO 1960

Veronica-Sue Belling (PNKVER003)

Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Arts in Jewish Civilization

Departmentty of Hebrew of Cape and Jewish TownStudies Faculty of the Humanities University of Cape Town

Universi 2003

This work has not been previously submi!led In whole, or in part, for the award of any degree_ II is my own work. Each significant contribution to, and quotation in, this dissertation from the work, or works, of other people has been attributed. and has been cited ~nd referenced

Signature Date I . h . ? (l<:"'3

Signature Removed DEDICATION This d;ssertaton IS Cledica:eCl to my mother, Milly Penkin (Kitzner), I'ko participatea in

Y,dCl!sh cammcln!ty theatre in Paarl and wha !nstlled In me a lave of Yiad, sh ana YicJiS!JKil'll

It IS also deCllcateCl to Il'y father, Jack Pe nKin, \'ffW \'illingly sCiffered SBVBn sls:e,s ,,1 his sitting roam an a Sunaay ilaKk,'ng a ISh

Town

Cape of

University '"

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This dissertation would not Ilave beel1 written wil'1out the generous aSSistance Of t~e Yive>

Institute fO'r Jewish Researc-· ;:1 New Y(}rk and t~e illsp;ratlcn 0' the F'aCl;lty of !-',e Weinreich

Yiddish Sl;mmar Program at Coll;mbia Univers'ty. T~Jnks alsG to the ass stanca Of the

Kal; an Cantes for Jawis~ Studies anc' Research at the Un;"Ic'slly O'f Care TGWll a'ld to tile ellcol;ragement of the Director Gf the Ccn:re, Prof M Iton Shain who supervised this j ssertatlo~

I J'n also i~jebted to 'n,. col eagues in GO"JCcnr:lCnt PL;bl'cc;tIOns Manl;scripts anc' Archives African Studies, Sare Bcoks, Jnd Hiddi.'l9'1 Hall Libraries vro wOl;ld a',vays go tile extra I'lile to assist me Jnd share their extensive expertise. I mL;st 0;150 e

UIC Ben Yosef. Cilief Librana:1 at tile Gitlin Library of the W~tar~ Provi%e Ziollist Cou%;1 Naomi Musiker, Archivist at the Sout~ African Jew;s~ BoardTown Of Deputies Archives 111 Johall~esburg Av;va Astr;nsky, Head Librarian at the YivG Illstitute for Jewish Researc'1 In

New Yerk, and to ali t~e Library Assista~ts ;n :~e Read;ng RGom Of the National Libcary Gf

South Africa i~ Cape TOWIl , Thallks also tG Sau' OZYllski for e~trlisti'l9 'ne with :he prec;Gus p~etegrap~s of h;s fat~er Ba~IlY, Finally tilanks toCape my c'alighter Gal'a, for proofceadillg t-·,s manuscript a~d te Illy son, Ayal, for sca:1nillg ofi:1 t--,a rictures

University CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1

CHAPTER 2. Yiddish theatre: historical overview 9

CHAPTER 3. The Golden years, 1896·1910 17

CHAPTER 4. The B~rren years, 1911-1930 Town

CHAPTER 5. Zionists, radicals and refugees: community the~tre In the Transvaal, 1930·1947Cape

CHAPTER 6. Community theatre atof the Cape, 1930·1947 102

CHAPTER 7. A Short lived revival, 1947-1960

CHAPTER 8. UniversityConclusion 140

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES

;I Visiting comp~nies, artists & writers 16' i i) Amateur productions 108

iii) South African pl~ys 179 iv) List of illustrations '" v

ng.,g,nn,;;o"T on

was common

Town

a Cape

was of In 1

in University

in on

source was in was

(1 in

rn,::,!:jTr"Q never

1 in Town

Cape of

University 1.

in in

Town was

were Capeit was wane. of is in

to University

mass in in in

1 The Pale of Settlement is the area in Czarist Russia where Jews were allowed to settle 1771-1917. It stretched from the Prussian border to the Black Sea on Russia's 1 vol. 13,p.24. 2

of were also .",.,"'"",.;,,, 1 and 1914.

were

etc., as

in 7

In Town

in Cape in a

a of a

a 9

as an much University 6 a in

4 In Eastern referred to Jews with no fixed Sholem Aleichem's character Menahem Mendel with his wild schemes of a fortune is the ~r,..n"'T'lIn~ ,ffm""nl',,'" L. of 1971, pp. 216-217. The Jews of Latin Rev. New The Jews of Latin .... "".. ,,,: ... Jewish Buenos """1'1./1." ",,,,,n1<> state 1 p.173. The Bund is the abbreviation for the Alc,ealeVlner Yidisher Arbeter Bund in un the General Jewish Workers' Union in Poland and the Jewish Socialist was founded in Russia in 1897. Judaica 1 vol. 4, p. 1497. 3

1 2

were

in an Town 16

is Cape of were

is not mean University 9 D.G. education', in Hebrew in 1 pp. 155-

South Africa and MIJ,:"'''~lIrl

Virlfrli",·h in Jewish life and

two centuries of Jewish settlement in rev. Brandl 1 91-92.

South 4

even if is answer as no in

It is "."'."... ,, are: 1

Town

Cape

In of

In is were a University

in 5

20 A more is in in 22 A

came numerous

in 24

are more

in C1~I~nrln on

Town in

1 Cape of

1 1 28

at leisure: Luscombe Searelle and Universityeds M. & M.

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,rt stars: a world of Yiddish rnp;;'1rp;r 372-373. of the Paar/ Jewish Jubilee

'Mansdorf zayn letsten tur : Dorem Afrike', in Yankev Mansdorf in zayn eds M. R. Yankey Mansdorf mit der mithelf fun der Kultur- & Rhodesia: 1 125-139. 1931-1 6 v. 6

it. is own Hlflflnnr:.~nrIV 29

was on an weeklies. the

1 1

was 1 of Town were

Cape no of

1 and 1 32

in University is a was

'"'0,.;:", ...... ""'" were not

29 Veronica Centre for Studies and Rp.!,:p.~lrr.h Rochel Turok ,,,,,,,..,,,,, of Town

U.C.T. Libraries. 7

never come across

In ......

was 33 Town on Cape of one ""r1,,nl" as in was if it was one can University lam

more.

as ever

IdeiOICIQV and indifference: the destruction Yidish in South Africa', in aSlJec'[s of the eds M. Shain & R. & 8 names names

is own

names was names were

In .... ,..,.•.•. ,..,

I'"Trorrn,<:,,,., or Town

sources Cape of

University 9

in at

Town as Cape a in area of on

University

1 was

1E. Atlas of modem Jewish Oxford New 1 p.32. 10

in a in in 1 3 name.

were

names soon Town a one Cape f'lf'Ilnrj:l'ctctllnn in 1 of

University in 1

. The

rI<:>c'i .... ,.,,"'t'" those were tolerated t-nr.V(~/01Jal'!r1I::l .JUllatv'a. 1 vol. 13, p. 11

on 1 was on a

was a

were

as Town

as it was Cape an of in in some a

a University was even more

new

6 S. A 1-I1·",..,'1I o( Yiddish literature. 76. ___ ,__ , 1 vol. 15, 12

as (1 (1

muse as

in 1 a came over

in it was a as Town

Cape career, no more was of was 10

is it in so in University

saw in

one on 11 13

It reason never in is

were as

a 12

1 was Town

Cape over ",rot"""'" in """'nn,.... 14 of

University an on course .. .,."',"' ....,. in

came as

it was in

1071-1073. The Moscow Yiddish State Theater: Yiddish culture on the Soviet p.6. 1067-1068. 1 1 14

was to was

It was

was soon

Town

17 Cape of are

season, to a a University

came in 1

a a

n~.·,,~~ of the theatre: Sarah ,in Jewish vol. no. 2,

in pp. 15

In 1 came as it in

Town

Cape of

University

18 pp.25-26. THE GOLDEN YEARS 1896-1910

1. Sarah Sylvia 2. Hannan Hiersch 3. Gaiety Theatre

Town

10. Morris Waxman 7. S. Wallerste in Cape 4.of Joseph Sacks

8. E. Wallerstein 11. Rosa Waxman University

5. House of Freeoom. 1907.

9. B~nnie Wallerstein

12. Fanny Waxman

6. Gaiety Theatre l7

1 0

in in

1 in

1 1 1 Town

4 Cape was of are a

University even a came 2

'1"""nTI1'U 3

Jews and Zionism: the South African 1 p.5. Ibid. 3 See R. <>'",,'II::>TII" Jews in Ph.D., London 18

a was

DO'OIEIS were over

on common on

in in

Town

Cape a as masses, ofcame

was in new University

as it never

Jewish communities in frontier societies: 1 p.171. Tel 1 pp. 145-155.

eds G. Saron & 19

in in

as a Town

Cape of

a was University a

as 1 in area 20 in it new 13 in

were men

Town or 1 8 were

Cape of were

University

pp 16-17. , in The Jews in 1 in 1891. G. The Jews in South

aSSiOClatlCln with the South African Jewish Board of LlCLIUU

South Yiddish

1918. South African music em:;VCIOD8e(JI8. Oxford vol. 3, pp. 10-18. 21

in 19 1 it 20

a career in

In Town 21

Cape a of 1

nrr""",n so ;:)U.",\.oO;:";:);:) University

, in Founders

th"'<:Itr~.C! in , in Architectural R",('rll"rl vol. p.132 ...... "Aln ... n 'The end of an Hannan Hiersch: Yiddish 1873-1953' in Jewish vol. 2, no. 2, 1 p. 32. 'Idish teater in Dorem Afrike' in Dorem Her yor, nom. 5, November p.22. 'A Salute to Yiddish', South African Jewish p.14. teater in Dorem Afrike', in Dorem 1-ter nom. 5, 22

to to the

out more and

name 27

name was

Town ae(:lae~a to

Cape of

measures

32 In case

25 Here ...a'rfn' ...... ,.1 Oi Muter libe with Miss Sauer and Mrs Bar University Afrikanishe Idishe 1.5 1897 ARCH 915, SA

1 vol. 3, pp.

'Idish teater in Dorem Afrike', in Oorem 1-ter yor, nom. 5, November M.P. A of the trends and tendencies of Hebrew and Yiddish hl'!/"fjnllinfl_

.. ,

Leksikon fun Yidishn 1 vol. 3, pp. 2219-2220. Studies in the social and economic of the WjjW;;,tef"Sff:lnd. 1886- vol. 1, New p.135. 23

in 1

Vl/~rr::lnt.:>'rI a

Town

on a Cape 39 of ever seem in a in

Universitywas in

in on

vol. 3, pp. 2219-2220. vol. 3, 2219-2225. 1 171-1 N. Bucknell

a life before the f,..,,,,tli,,ht., , in S.A. Jewish

African Jewish Board of

Studies in the social and economic of the Wifw;<:IjfAy.<;:rAr,rl 1 pp. 119-127. 24

corner 40 "' .... ,..... ,V""'" an

success 41

actors ...... "', .."''', .... even

Townsome overseas.

Cape1 was of

was

r.::ofc::orr·c::on to as University

1899. 1 p.159. Stodel', in Founders

p.159.

tn ..... tl'n:nt""·, in S. A.Jewish 18 March 1

Di Afrikanishe Idishe ~a!zel:ef/ ARCH 915. 46 N. 47 In the on Simche in Z. Tvll""\"'.·.... "'."',..... Leksikon fun Yidishn 1931, vol. 1, p. 1 he mentions the London Yiddish of Charles Nathanson .. 48 H. Hiersch. 'Idish teater in Dorem Afrike', in 1-ter yor, nom. 5, November p.23. (1 lists two Wallerstein ""'\.'IJ''O';;), Saul and Esther and and brothers or cousins. It is not clear which came to South Africa. ('('r)rriinn 25

come war,

turn

was in 13 to

was in a Town

A ""'Tn,,,,,.,, 55 Cape 56

of were

own University

in , .. r.,t.. III' It is also IJV~,i)IIJI'" and Esther were

New York: 1931, vol. 1, pp. 649-650. p.650. 2, 'Yiddish theatre: a historical overview.' Leksikon fun Yidishn 1931, vol. 1, p. 648. 'A bintl 7-ter yorg., nom. 5, 1 p.27. 'A bintl , in Dorem 7-ter yorg., nom. 6, 1955. p. 24. Leksikon fun Yidishn 1931, vol. 1, p. 648. 26

nn,,,,,,,.",,,,, in as

was a in in in 1 59

in Town 63

Cape in of

'\1" ..... \1..... it was one University

CSrWE!Sn 1 1 o it was

zint 1 , 1-ter nom. 6, p.

1906. 1 vol. 2, p. 1209.

teater in Dorem Afrike 1902', Her yor, nom. 6, njOl,rjOlrnhl"" 1 p.

at leisure', in Founders and 1991, p. 177.

tl"l"''''t.... C! in , in South African Architectural vol.

1 p.11. 27

in a n"l1I...... "'''TC! went to a to "'''''J'Q''''' to a ,..,IIlrnr.. ,,,,. a in a "'''',I'1l''l''''''

never

Town to tone. 72 Cape too as soon of

two one in

In University to

Yidn in biz p. 159 .

... ""IlUT",.n 'Portret fun an aktior: H. Hersch's 48 yor in dinst fun DA Yidishn teater', in Afrike 2-ter yorg., nom. 5, 1 pp. 19-21. M.P. A of the trends and tendencies of Hebrew and Yiddish .. ,ri#inr." in Africa ..." 1 vol. 1, p. 212. "Kaffereatnikes" was the name for the Jewish who worked in the cant eens See J. ""","'n";;,,, South African Yiddish literature', 997. B. a life before the t""tlinlht<>', in S.A. Jewish 18 March 1 p.17. 73 Starr later became famous as the black artist Rameses the Great. H. in Dorem Afrike zint 1902', 1-ter yorg., nom. 6, December 1 p. 10 'Idish teater in Dorem Afrike zint 1902', 1-ter nom. 6,1 p. 10 28

"''''''''0'',.., 75

came to on 82

Town a

Cape on of

a nnl'7mm.<:: 84 was

75 Harris was a Yiddish actor from in London with Jacob p, Adler. He was described as a dramatic strained his voice in his earlier career so that he was confined to roles in later Z, Lej,

success.

1 in Icu>atea in

Town

in Cape in of as soon as

wasUniversity treated with scant C"IJC~.t. 1;".... ;c'tc fjOIl:II"lrln Yiddish as a serious obstacle to the revival of looked upon it as a The more 30

and nr<>f<>rlr""r/ r""",:::arri<>1i it as the orators. Few of the <:rn:nn'._r!

causes were 1

was 95 Town

Cape of

in University

.\1''"', .... ,.... "..., ..... in 97 was

1902-1910' in The Jews in a edsG. 1

, in the Zionist Record

South African Jewish 17 1903. 96 H. Idish teater in Dorem Afrike zint Dorem 1-ter yorg., nom. 6, 1928.11. "'''''''''...... '0',... LeK~)IK(m fun Yidishn teater. Vol. 2. Varshe: 1 p.1486. 31

scream were not in

one occ;aslo

on a Town

Cape in of

99 Mr)WI",Vf~r 1 were on

University was

were in no

cause, in it

98 African Jewish 1 0 June 1904. 32

the of the peace his that this whether it was founded on or

was a Town it,

,,102

was Cape one of in was

University

case

African Jewish 17 June 1904.

1"1"'.:111"" with 33

1 in

on one 105

Town

Cape It was of

was at University

own name, won as

105 vol no. 11, November 1981,

2 December 1905. 7 1904. , in South African Architectural vol. 34

n.""",.," a in at 6 was """,,,...rl'llol'l

"It is remarkable what a hold Yiddish still has on the Jewish of Yiddish are numbers of who have broken ('f\rnnl",f", their old Yiddish themselves as Mr Waxman's of and there is no doubt that he has raised the Yiddish of if at below the level of other dramatic which are for the

\1\1<:." ....'<:> ... were not in

Town a as if were to one out of it." 112 Cape

In 1 of to

venue University115 as the nlCllf'nlnllCll in was

109 South African Jewish r.hl'nnif'IA 110 J.P. South African Music vol. 4, p. 470-471. 111 South African Jewish 6,",uuu.:" 112 L. Yidn in 1 pp. 161-162. 113 South African Jewish r.hl'nnif'/p 114 The was the Globe in 1889. However in 1892 it was rebuilt and renamed the extended from Commissioner to Fox also on Ferreira across the way from the Theatre. In 1906 it was demolished and rebuilt on a much scale on the Corner of Commissioner and Kruis Streets. 'The old theatres in African Architectural vor. p. 132. 12 35

116 to a in 117

1 a 118 1 in

120

area own resources.

Townin 1

Cape in of

was on University 1

as was not

116 South African Jewish 1905. 117 D. 'The end 1873-1953', Jewish vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 32-34. C. Van Studies in the social and economic of the 1886- Vol. 1. New 1 p. 143. South African Jewish 29 June 1906. 120 H. 'Idish teater in Dorem Afrike zint 1902', Her yor, nom. 6, December 1 p. 36

in was never were never 123

as one

were

name came in

Town a

Cape 126 of 1. it a on one even 127

was University

was stE~e[)ea in is in a A once

123 Hannan Hiersch 124 M.P. Grosman also the Friends of Russian Freedom as the forerunner of the un Dramatisher However he does not seem to know about its successor the Yidisher Sotsialistisher ... ""·.,,,n J.M. Sherman (1 remembers its situated in a backroom of not the Yidn in biz Union 31-tn 1 pp. 166-169. 37

a won. a as

on a in a

126

own scenes on Town

Cape season came an never of

4 a was was

University were was

127 H. pp.

nom. 2, Oc1tobl~r pp.22-23.

that it was the actor-director Leonard at the Standard Theatre. However both the South LITH"""" Jewish Chronicle and Hannan Hiersch record that it was at the

eOl:~on,e' Hannan Hiersch: Yiddish actor' 1873-1953', vol. 9, no, 38

a TI"I"'<::oTI"<:> in 17 1

new names are Town

new names were Cape on of

139

a University was

nom. 5, 1 p.27. 39

a in was on ..... "'"...... , 142

at were Town actors. 143 In

of N' .... ' .... !!:IntC! were Capetaverns where these were of

is 1 ) in an 146 University a is .... rllncun.:>lr.:>n to one

on amateur in

140 South African Jewish rh,cl"lnjr-/&> 141 South African Jewish r.h'Fnni.... l&> 142 South African 143 Landau archives 7, pp. 21 Jewish National and Jerusalem. 11 March 1910. 11,18,25 March 1910. 1,1931, 40

147 (1 is

on numerous It was

1 O. 7 1 0, it was .-.. ","",.,"",., in

are read which are better when but to meet with a either when read or seen acted on the is a rare occurrence; this rlDVIfHVI'!r is to be attributed to Dr Landau's admirable work." Town 1

Cape of

University

.".nnor 1 41

was

in "' ...... Town'IJVI were no Cape of

University

151 South African :nrrlnll"'lI"l June 1910. 152 South African Jawish 10 1910. 153 R. 'Yiddish in South 1910-1960.' Jewish vol. 15, no. 5, 1

1931. vol. 1, pp. 649-650. 1 ,nom. 1 p. 42

in was in more were more aClcelotS!a in as

overseas Town a Cape OWF!VE~r as of in

'1: .... "".''' •• 0 ,,156 University was

co-

ever 157

an eOI!SOlrle: Hannan Hiersch: Yiddish 1873-1953',1

,1 43

Town

Cape of

University 44

1 1

1. Vera Kanevska & Paul Breitman

Town

Cape 3. Nathan 2. Paul H""'l'Il'nUln Vera KalrU!!!",sk~!I_ Adolfof Teffner

University

Einhorn

5. Der Sal Ha"ovmE!S - The •.- ..... ,...... - 1922

6. Institute Town 45

1 1-1

1 in

as a mamzer was was cause

Town

Cape

(1 of no it a no

Universitynew in was "'''' ... 0'.... in

in was

(1 a

1 G. The Jews of South an illustrated to ed.Naomi,vlI''''''''''' Scarecrow Press in association with the South African Jewish Board of 2001, 84-87. 46

on a

was

were 5

as Town were

Cape in were more of or A were versa. It was

University was was

were

kultur in Dorem Afrike',

1 vol. 2, pp.

1 47

\A,r".,.,."," 7 In:::nl<>II\1 none not

never at a

9 but were never nor have the in set in 1 13

set in

some were 18 Town in a

it was never Cape19 it of concerns

7 Afrikaner Idishe University"'''''"IT ..",,... 1 October 1948. 8 M.P. A of the trends and tendencies of Hebrew and Yiddish '''Ylnn".", 1 9 1 October 1948. of the trends and tendencies of Hebrew and Yiddish 'Aln.. n",.",

1 October 1948. of the trends and tendencies of Hebrew and Yiddish .. " .." .... " ...

(1);1I,rrJJI'1ln 1 October 1948. of the trends and tendencies of Hebrew and Yiddish IAlritinf'Y(1

see p. 48

1 1

""OV·'''''' to reconstruct I ctl'\r""l:I I sources. It was ",g,n/""n

were

no ...... ".nt"'\n

resources. 22 I-'n~\lI""v\"'"

as or in one Town as were

amateurs Cape are of

SUIOOIOl'llna cast in a 23

1 University

rllr,or-lrOI"l 26

of the Government

l::u,rOneallS or White races, Part p.7 . ... •.. ··,.,. ..." to 2001, p. 93.

ARCH 914. 1I",!"!linn ARCH 914. South Africa's at the Standard 49

27 28

were

1 Town

Cape 1 of 18 OcltoDlsr 1 2 was

27 1922. June 1950 . .M.IfIKi:-J.rlBr 6 December 1917. 30 Der 6 March 1919. 31 South African University 32 B. , in Southern African Jewish 18

TrtK",n ••r6 December 1917; Morris fun der Vest Girl from 1919; Gordin's Di Shehitah of

... IT " .. ><£1,,,., 15 South African 7 March 1913. 38 39 40 18 50

was 1141

in .43 in 1 in new 45

Town

Cape of

50 it is

in 1 1. University

41 42 1 p.271.

Yiddish in South Africa', in Jonathan 51

In 1 3 1 4

1 6 1 7

Town was a

in Cape one occ;aslon of a

scene in

University in

51 7 March 1913. 52 10 October 1913. 53 -,..,.rl"',...''''' 3 December 1913, Zionist .... or·,...,.'" 15 n""r""'l'!nh~.r 1913. 54

3 December 1913, Zionist RA(,(,II"/"I 15 December 1913. Hannan Hiersch SA Jewish Board of 52

your mother is She causes trouble for everyone, a She is not needed. there are such wretched that are unwanted as and as adults are ., A world and there is no for

if was so an

I am not able to ask you, but believe me, I am a favour... I know too how a poor in this world ... No, it will be better for you, to die Tnr'''''T''''''''' with me, with mother ... will us both in and on a flower with two and will call this and Eti".

a one more in Town

overseas was

' ...'1 ...... in Cape 66

of were a

a season same as University

"",.,n\llm.. · drame in fir aktn', in J. Gordin. drames. 00' unter der Literatur Gezelshaft Vivo in Buenos

1913. 1915. 1919.

consisted of: Dora Kate Hannan Leah 1 9. 53

in ucto[)er

were

as as in 71 Town

-1 overseasCape were

of in 1

new University

seasons were

68 1919,3 October 1919. 2, 'Yiddish theatre: a historical overview.' 70 South Jewish 11 March 1921. 71 P. Hirschbein. Felker un lender: rayze fun 11/.~rr::l,fI,jQ Dorem B. 1 pp. 1 7 1930. 73 South African Jewish 1928. 54

same

in 75

in was

name.76 In 1 Town 3 Cape came on a a of

78 were so ...... ,"" .... , was a Tr":'<:>TI""" """fT'Il",<:>r", 79 a 80

University a in 83 an were

p.3

Her nom. 6, 1

1 vol. 2, pp. 1486-1487.

zint 1902', in Dorem 1-ter nom. 6,

1 3, pp. 55

was

Oa(lC8lsts on

were

in was to 89 Town season Cape of

were University a means

'Idish teater in Dorem Afrike zint 1902', in 1-ter yor, nom. 6, 12. a cousin of Sarah 3 November

, in

for and human for Jewish Studies and

, in

90 H. Hiersch. 1-ter nom. 6, I~r,c.rnln~r 1 56

in " 91 92 A a

a was

as son an 94

It was ,;;an'-'Tn,,,r a was

o. Town

Cape season was so suc~ce:ssfl of

University

100

Iowa 57

Th"Q~trQ 101

name

103

career

actors in Town in Cape " ... ,n",.n to of to return to

1 University

see a were

101 South African Jewish 6 1927. 102 In the newspaper his name appears as B. Cathan a for B. Nathan. South Jewish 4,18 March 1927. South African Jewish 12 November 1926. 104 Afrikaner Idishe 1945. 105 Z. Leksikon fun Yidishn 1931, vol. 1, p. 244. 106 Z. Leksikon fun Yidishn 1 vol. 2, pp. 1396-1397. 107 Interview with Paul and Hennie 27 November 2000. 108 58

109

110

was reason

....r.'m"'.~.,'" were to come

a is a

1 Town

in amateur Cape the

in of

a nQ,rrn:;;o" ... nT rn.::.~rr·Q in

un University

in a a

1 59

in is SIE!eClea in

were was

Town in a in 114 Cape (1 was ofin in in in

was Universityserve as 117

In 1 was

1 vol. 60

a 118

was as was

121

Town in in Cape new names of

126

" .... "'''':... newcomer in 127 was a University

118 p.250. 119 p.253. 120 EA Mantzaris (1 Bundists and the ..,..,"...... '''rC! are into

J. 122 M. vol. 137-139. p.143. 124 A. Ben Portrait of a IIrIlKI'TI,,,"n.

Interview Saul 126 South African .,'"'''''''''''' 127 S. 'Fun der Yizkor-bukh fun k':::l,I(T<:I,nl<' 61 a in 129

1 In 1

132

were

Town

it was Tr"'·/~C"" 136Cape

of it move, was in

138

University the above

2, nom. 3, March 1 pp. [1 , in Dorem Afrike yorg. 2, nom. 3,

#-It:>,nrt:>IM and 62

was were

never 139

in in 1 was

141

7 1 in 1 1142 Town more were Cape in of 146 on a occurrence it no

University an

and financial

and Harbours '\I'''', .. ...,.,., 63

Tn.c~::ITI·Q was ,.,Tn,,,,,,,, scarce as

IMIt'\nC! were

to commemorate in

1 ca~

150

not to war Townwere was Cape were of actors were

University158 J. J. 159

Town.

Town in the twentieth an p.57. pages,

pages, 64

J L. 160

th.:>!:lOto"o was rrnrl'Y'ion in towns near

was a

were StalOeiO in Town

Cape 164 165 of to secure a 166

were ::;;IIVi/:;:a",,, University

nol"tnrl'Y'i on some

160 South African Jewish 30 161 Union of South Census ofthe I-Il,rnne::Ul.<: or White races, Part 6, p.

An outline of the Worcester and Archives Gordin's Di VI'!!~nlJ'.rn1'! rh,r.... ni",/c. 27 1918, and A Jewish soldier's """""" 1918. South African Jewish 165 South African Jewish rh,rnni",/"" 166 South African Jewish 167 65

reason was 168 169

1 170

season at was It is it is a ,,171

(!"'lnt""rI a season

Town

Cape of

a University

was so warm

918, I<::("rint<:: and

"",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"0, Ruth Schechter and her 2001. 66

a was a more. H6

were

,177 was

women were rlQ':!f"rinolrl in as vOlI:::es as we ever

It is an was .AlrllTTon in Town

Cape came of on It was

Yiddish r.nr",..rlll the Theatre for a week to a of Yiddish no one knows. said it was with a desire to educate our local Jews in dramas in Yiddish. But to our limited numberUniversity of Yiddish brethren to pay from 2/- in the to 6/- in the

176 Interview Hennie Bernstein and Mark 27 November 2000. 177 23 June 1 South African :nrr\nlf'lIQ. 27 June 1930. 178 African Jewish 11 1930. 179 African Jewish 4 1930. 160 Union Third census of the Part 7,

"'r",""""nt""rI the

Der 67

such an was an any." 184

was to a

on a

was

Dr()CE~eCIS were in nBVeSOlrl. It was

Town

186 Cape is c::o,QoI.e'n .... a to of in

converts to

at University

"1'I11".nol in to

the

184 South African Jewish r.hirnniro/'" 1921. 185 Der 18 1923. 186 South African Jewish Jewish 18 1921. 1~ 1 68

an 188

1 1 were

so more

Town in 1 Cape of 189

in was no University

It was was

"""',"'1"1',...... " "",.,'~"""'" 190

,",,""I'"IlPn'nnl L)OI::lel~V~ whose mask: the world of Muriel 69

an numerous occ:asl Townin

Cape of

University

27 1930. 20 October 1922. ~.."""l... ~

4 . 055Ip' Runitch 1. Simche Nathan 2. Jacob Waislitz

3. Faivl Z",,'"aum

ZIO NI STS";;;-;:;::C, RADICALSC-- COMMUN~~UGEES & TownTRA~~~~~~E IN THE ___ 1930-1947--

• Cape • of

S. Hersh~fQ Ostropol~ University. 1940. D,,<>ct~,.·_ Benn,O zyns'i

5. Gel/. Yid,slier A rbeter Klub, 19;)7

Director." K urt Baum

7 Der AleSlat-TheM " atnculan'.' 1939

Director: 0 ssip Runi!cll 71

Town

tse1[wE!en 1 Cape of

University

Thesis Ph.D., of 1 pp.

of the Union of South vol. 6, Government 1941, p. 4. Jacob Yiddish actor-director from the Vilna in the Zionist ....."''',...'·n 16 October 1936. 4 This is more than the 25% of Jews in the United States who gave Yiddish as their home in the 1930 census in the United States. L. J. The haunted smile: the comedians in Public New 2001, 105. 72

1 were more n"'iIT,r'""

were

1 1 Town

no It was v...,\,UU'ICU Cape of

some non- were University a 8

were in in in

a , in no. 12, December 1981, p. 24-27. 73

9 the cantor in Oem 10

1 a was 1... ,.\ ...... 't..... ,t"',,1"1 13

1 th.::.~tr·", in

a .."',...... 1"'1

Townoverseas actor- a came Cape of in 1 as on occ:;aslon

University was a ,...... 'M"'.~ ...I\I

three weleKS at .,"',...... ,1"1 was

16 In 1

LlfT,i",,,,,,,.,r Idishe 4 1938. Afrikaner Idishe 24 March 1939, 11 Afrikaner Idishe 23 1 28 June 1940, 12 Afrikaner Idishe 7 June 1940. 13 Afrikaner Idishe 19 1941. 14 See letter about Yiddish theatre in the Afrikaner Idishe <>"",,,,. ..,.,,,. 17 SlPntl"mtllP 1948. 15 Afrikaner Idishe Erev Rosh ha-Shone 1933-34. 16 15 June 1 74

to on own resources.

was now SO(:letleS

Town 1 21

Cape in a 22 UII::I!OllllI::I!U nr~~m~~ti'" ~!ction to narrow of to

to 8

University were to

17 Afrikaner Idishe <:1..::1LfI',II1Ir1 19 March 1937. 18 ..,~~.~~ •• ~ ~n'P\l':K~ Sarah Max Eve Max Rosenthal and

These were 20 November 1 Olam Hobo world to 1932. was Gordin's Der Vi/der Mensh Adolf Yonker. Afrikaner Idishe 1 1932. 21 This was Dos lid fun libe at the Standard Theatre in November 1931. Afrikaner Idishe 13 November 1931. ';;;'or'f'\l"rI 19 1932. ,;;;,"",...... rI 15 1 16 1934. 75

was 1 25

A veteran 26

names in once?O as

in on 31 Town

.;;"".,. orIn to was not averse to Cape 34 of

was Yoshke Musikant or Der fun zayn directed Berman. Zionist 0",,..,,.-,.. second was Di fun unser lebn of our Leonid Galvin. Zionist University14 October 1932. Leo Galvin writes about the failure of our the and the Folkshul. Afrikaner Idishe 11 1 21 October 1932. 12 1932. 1 p.32.

pp.109-

1 p.22.

Yonker's ...... "''''''1 76

oe'OOlle 37

were

Town

some Cape of

were

University more were obSe!SSEld

Lemakh was modern 1932. A. & A..R. of the ,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,, Ad.

l.fnl!V"""""',,"'h Grosvenor 1 p.6. 3, 9 June 1932.

, in Jewish vol. 4, no. 1, 1 pp.

Zionist 1;;)o.r',.,,.."" 19 1 77

were 'a a a one a more 45

was

out

Town season was a

a Cape

to of new It was I.L.

University It was one

most mass scenes over De«JDI19. it

1933. were the locals: Nathan Rr~litl'THln Hennan a former actor from the Vilna who had settled in and the \AI'''! ",I'!;;, Boris Abramov and Einhorn who had settled in in the late 1920s. afrlik~11"'r Idishe Erev Rosh 1933. Zionist 27 1933. 48 R. R. I. L. Peretz and the of modern Jewish nI\/j"r<::I'fV of , p. 1 78

a 49

in 1 was a

one

eW5DiaDt~r 50

Town

on Cape on over 52 of

1 53 a

University on some ...... """""" a 'Qr' .... o'c; on manner A

Zionist 5 1934. The names Pinkus and Bernard Berman are "'''''/'''''''''2 November 1934. In 21 1936 it 1936. of the Union of South 1941, p. 28. and in 1934 79

to oec:loeto to a in It was a 54

1 in a 63 Town

Cape SO(~let.les in a soc:letles as of existetO in

University11"_t-,pon,prJ:lTC:V,I'l' Benoni.', in Dorem 2-ter yorg. nom. 4, 1932. 1932. the main role of Bobbe Yakhne. Zionist 1932. Sixth census of the of the Union of South vol. 6, Government 1941, p. 27. Africa. Sixth census of the of the Union of South emumerated vol. 4, Government 1 60 These were Riverside Drive in December 1 Zionist Record December 1 ~"'ntj:l.mt''''r 1 Zionist Record 28 1934. Sholem Aleichem and Der Hosen Der .,"' •.". .. ",..... 1 0 March 1 and Sholem Aleichem's "''''''''' ...... 4 1933. VO!JUIi:W!.l'f/ of the Union of South 1941, p. 27.

POlitiCS: the case of the New York Artef literature and ed. D-B 80

(1 1),

T ..-.:> ....u~\A,,·,..·v 65

save

were in 1 a was 68 Town was in same converse in Cape of was a

rtlCIIOal[e on occ:asl a University once

'-"'<~yu", as the but I have not ~""I'''''\I of Jewish "''',lUI'''''' Institute ...... "'n<:J'-'"

Document

Ravan 1 p.21 81

in a

in 1 in 1 Town

Cape a of

are

was University

to cause a in

pp. 77-78. T. 'The , 1979. HOIJVeVler of the club.

in 1948 and Der in 1 82

in 1 come out to

scene ",or",,,,,,,, .• ..,"v,,...

even more Townwas

came to Cape of in 1

University

came out

81 Afrikaner Idishe 8 October 1948. 82 A. Ben Porirait of a p. 6. 83 Afrikaner Idishe 1 84 Der 6 1931 . 85 T. 'Lithuania's u,a'<>IJ'''' 86 Afrikaner Idishe 83

in 1 88 a

two

92 It was most Town

93 Cape of

were at " ... "an... were seen over 96 University

81 Afrikaner Idishe 31 1935. 88 Z. 'Yitskhok Charlash iz nito?', in Dorem Afrike 25-ter yorg., nom. 8, 22-23. p. 22. From the 50 the Editor a Afrikaner Idishe 91 The Bund Jewish Socialism and was thus Nationalist in Communists who are universalists. W. 'Afterword: Yiddish in limbo: a view', in From a land far off: South African stories in ed. J. Jewish 1 ~. 194. 3 Interview with Julia 5 2001. 94 Afrikaner Idishe 15 June 1938. 95 Afrikaner Idishe 16 1938 84

core an

Town99

Cape of

University 103 es (If one 104

96 1938. 97 3 November 1 98 Names I"nrTlnlllAIi notes of the of the Yidisher Klub.

rrf'll'1SI;'1T1r:ln transl. & 139-183. 85

move in 1 1 a

were rlir,... ,..I· ... rI

him

in in 107 Town

Cape of a

was 112 University 1 in a

theatre COlliectlo ARCH

Yiddish

of 86

in 1 113 was

was a it was

are mE~OIIc:a1 nnl~Tnlrc:: to

as act was Townout a

1 Cape of

115

1 at University on a

actors in

\I\/>"rn<:.n 0.5. ed. The world reacts to he Holocaust. Baltimore: p.673. 24 1936 .. 23 March 1937. 116 Afrikaner Idishe 19 1 14 117 These were Z. Kornblit's A Mames shild mother's Anshel Shur's Shir ha-Shirim of and A fun der Vest. Afrikaner Idishe 19 28 13 November

6 June 1 87

to a

:::SOCI9'[V 120 u'rm".n

122 In

1 Town

Cape of a was

University in 1

at in

119 Afrikaner Idishe 120 Afrikaner Idishe 121 Afrikaner Idishe 1936. 122 Zionist 18 123 Afrikaner Idishe 124 Afrikaner Idishe 1937. 125 Idishe 88

","',,.<>,,,'", 126 was a rl"Plmpnn,nl ".,o:;.n ... in as

128

Town

Cape TI"II"nnlct in

of ,,129

in 1 in 1

a University

1951. S. A. Jewish Board of

of 89

130

were ...... ,[11

th<:.",tr·o 131 it

in 132

a Town a in

Cape of

as a "'''''F"\/'-'I''"I' co- a Universityan concerns

Pt:>rnr,,,,.. was at the Theatre in 1937. Waislitz and Sarah Tnn'QHU'r with Hannan and the Dramatic Section the Kultur 7,11, 1937. Idishe 24 1938. 132 See A. Zable. Wanderers and dreamers: tales of the David Herman South 1998. His best was Clifford Love on the do/e. In 1932 he Ghosts with the Dramatic Section of the Jewish Guild. Afrikaner Idishe 1932. His career was but he Theatre Movement in when war broke out. S.A. June 1986. Afrikaner Idishe 21 1938. 135 Idishe 1937 136 1-ter nom. 6, nun,,,,n, 1 p.18. 137 90

to true r'lt"I't.ol"ltiJ:l was to rescue 138

In 1 in in war

one 140

In Town

Tn"''''TI~'' of a more Cape

of a

..... ".t ....,n 143

University name.

vol. 2, no. 5, 1 p.32-33.

1939. vol. 16, p. 788. 143 In 1937 two cabaret of the were ridiculed. Two sketches Boksers and ,.,,, ..., ... .,..,,, ..,. marsh were described as farcical. were meant to Jewish nr~\/F!I'V and were as a true Jewish hero and rf7n,,,rn the assassin of the Ukrainian Nationalist Simon in Paris in 1 was in the audience. Afrikaner Idishe 17 1937. Leo Galvin's novel of Sholem Asch's Motke the was also ridiculed. which accentuated the social out the humane and was more suited to that of the lost souls in Peretz's a/tn mark than to Asch's Motka the 10 December 1 91

v ...... """" .... in

more 144

or was to on

in a

Town to Cape

was stalQea at in of were 149

. It was one University

sets

, in 3-ter yorg., nom. 3, March 1 p 22 .. with the amateurs in in November 1936. visit in 1936. Afrikaner Idishe 24

..... ~/"' ...... of individual terrorism: a case of the Schwartzbard affair', vol. 3, no. 1 1 pp. 69-80. South African Jewish 4, 11, 18 March 1938. 149 'Far der fun "Sholem Shvartsbard''', in 3-ter yorg., nom. 6, June p.

and Di 1II11<~nnf'lIal'" Ovadis 92

151

more n""rTnrmi!:j

""''';>Tn"", 152

Town

Cape of 154

University seems in was new an 158

151 17 20 9 June 1939. 1947. 11 1939. 1927. 1 1939. 93

"''''''Ma,rC! in a 159 l.

162

Town

were Cape more of 3. in or or more. 164 In 1

University

was one was one

Yidishe Folkshul un pp.3-5. Ph.D. 1

20 run'".. ,.,,,I',,' 11 December 1942. 94

It was A was It was .. 167 It was it 168

was a Town

170 It was Cape of

171 It was University

it was a 172

p.621.

collection. Saul's as it marked a historical occasion for 17 1943 8 October 1943. 95

most in

~el)teli10E~r 1

on it was real. someone in

wrote tnrl.::lltl"l.::lll"

176 Town In was as best Cape to it was of was a

177

in University

was as 'a

173 Afrikaner Idishe 22 1941 . 174 Professor Mamlock was screened at the in 1 S.A. Jewish 19 1940. Bertha memoirs. It is not clear whether this incident occurred at this of Professor Mamlock on the club in

Afrikaner Idishe 22 13 October 1944. 177 Afrikaner Idishe 6 1942. 178 Afrikaner Idishe 1 1942. 179 1 1942. 96

,180 concert seems to some ,.."" ... +r·""" ...... ~". 181 a

to on 182

were

183 women. It was \l1,::o'Wii:or1 oel:)0Ie. 185 It was stalJea was the new Town

Cape JJ.1'r·.I£"."" ... ., n,,,,,,,,tr,,, was neverof even

career was

as 194

University 180 Afrikaner Idishe 1942. 181 S.A. Jewish 182 Afrikaner Idishe 183 Afrikanerldishe S.A. Jewish 28 1942. 184 S.A. Jewish 185 Afrikaner Idishe 186 Afrikaner Idishe 3 December 1943. 187 Afrikaner Idishe 5 March 1943. 188 J.P. Malan South African Music Oxford vol. 4, 201. Afrikaner Idishe 190 Afrikaner Idishe 191 Drama en toneel in Suid-Afrika. Ofi'twlfKKlellr:,o van die Afrikaanse

1947. Runitch committed suicide. Interview with 97

",,,,,',nl1 were were A '-''''' ...... '...... ,."

commemorate a

was 198

is Town a

Cape on

of is

University

201 In 1

that buried in which causes havoc 98

in as it was not at it 202

In one has to was a

''''''''''''''V"7 in 4)

sources

Town in is

Cape as, of nature or events it. can

It is most an

University sec:tICln seems to have been a it seems to

was soon more arena

202 1 99

veteran thdi:'::lItr'~ in a or

to even

in Town was as a was no venue th.c:'l:Ih'c 203

nelJI<:ille reasons, aeiePE~rCape f~~ .... tI"'Irc:; were at work. the 1of a at a

newcomers to

University

it was rnf,..,nt'Qin was was

"'rTI.n... n to

Yidishn teater in Dorem Afrike', in Dorem-Afrikaner ."",,,n,n,,l!f/'l 1 pp.96-98. 7i""i.,...... 1 p. 59. 100

most to theatre was made own own name. 6 at

in 1 1 an rare occurence.

Town

Cape of

University

205 Afrikaner Idishe 19 J'"\U~IU;:)l 1949. CO MMUNITY TH EATRE I ", AT THE CAPE 1930-1947 I L ______~

ZI O NI S T- --H ALL- 2. Oy11l G,en. ts, Vio:h, ,,.,. Albe'e , Klub. 1935 r ...... ,. ro ... ~ ...... , . - .- -. "." .. ~ .. ~ -" .. -, -...,,, . ~ ..., ,"0' ' e~ K":~"\ ~" ~ .~ . ',;. , Town«-1""~ I -..-:;~ :tn -'t.. I " A W ED"'N ,,

...... ~. "'_.'0_ Cape • of •• - 3. OJ Ge'- Lare. O"e r.Wf: J acot> Wa'$I.u. ' 937 .

University

5. Dos Pintlil/. Yid. Paa.', 1932

S. Der Yidistl" Ke",{/ Lir. "liar!. 1933

7. P'o\jramme s, Paarl r ,.,"" "" fl . .... ' 102

was a

was in was Town

a Cape a venue 5 of

a University were

Africa. Sixth census of the Government

no. 2, October

1 23 1928. 103

6 in 1 1 was a

l'""aSSI:JVE~r 7 In was in 10

were stalaea u:ur..I'1:::'" were "''''''''''''',1'''1 Town beach South Africa. off 1"'

were rare in 1

University

was were on

.nUln."',,,, in 1

1 89-90.

13 104

SC()De~S in in ,,,,,,nn,,,," in

two overseas were

Town

aDDeiare~a in 15 Cape of 1

summer season University 18 at in 19

summer a the

14 Afrikaner Idishe 15 Afrikaner Idishe 16 South African Jewish 1 Afrikaner Idishe 7 1934. 17 South African Jewish rh"I"I"i,.../.o 18 The actors were Faivl and Israel from and Miss A. and Nathan Wollach from Town. S.A. Jewish rh,,,,n;,...I,,, December 1938. 105

in 26 ,....T~n'r'n on

in was Town

Cape of as on were in

1 27 a ,.nr'rn.:.r

University

19 South Jewish 1939. 20 Interview with 3 2002. 21 Der 23 December 1927. 22 Idishe 15 December 1939. 23 South African Jewish 23 1940. 24 South African Jewish 14 1 26 1 21 December 1 4 1946 .. African Jewish 13 26 South African Jewish 23 27 does not seem to be listed in /"1'1"\<>,',..",,, .. ,,',,, Leksikon fun Yidishn teater. 28 29 1 106

in 30

in 1 Town a

34 Cape of

in were sent to

Universitywas to success 36

29 17-ter nom. 2, 1 p.

Fourth census of the Part 8,

upin and theatre 107

1 1 the

an Town a never >:»101' ..... "'• .,' 39

were even Capein a hamlet 1

of near

A in in 1 44 It was University

...."'.r-/'\'"rl 9 9 December 1 notes: Der Yidisher Penkin collection. Interview with Hershel 39 South African Jewish 25 1933. Stell en bosch had a Jewish of 618. Union of South Office of Census and St~ltis1tics Fourth census of the of the Union of South 8, Government 1 16. 40 Union of Sixth census of the of the Union of South Vol. 6, 1941,p.44. included Reverend Natas's his sons Moishe and his Miss H. S. S. and P. Gittel. 29 December 1933. ';''''f''/'\''r/ 4 November 1932.

"""'f"".... j"f 3 November 1933. rr'l4'J:llnt,r Idishe 22 1932. 108

in 1 1 it was it 7

45 It was over. 46 47

1 48 in

Town

in Capewas once a in never A 52 of

were

...: ...... ,...... ,., in University

17-ter nom. 2, 1 p.

17-ter yorg., nom. 2, 1 p.

Forois 1937. 53 C. 1 70-71. 54 1n\lIT"'T,nn Gershon Jewish Libraries. 109

a iz is 59

in Town

Cape of A

University in

55 56 and Marks.Afrikaner Idishe

U.C.T. Libraries.

1-1011 OT"7 L" , who became 110

was a success that to it

actors to I"''''l"lt,n,

"We we must carry on and we called the group the Yiddishe Dramatishe the Yiddish Dramatic Circle. Whole families were involved in the and behind scene activities - even the children were in to number the tickets hand. The were on with but was done while some were .. We finished with one and we on the other and you never had a chance to - we weren't actors so we ad-libbed ... We all relied on Gordon Ichlov our " The musical were in the hands of Koorland and Minnie Koorland was our ticket seller."

Town

Cape of amateur was more

67 University

came to the amateurs. In 1 Leon If

1996 in G. vol. 51, no. 4, Summer 1 Rachel Turok.', in Jewish

in 1984. 111

C!i'\,"',a'r" 68 1 in

was we now us- we was an

Town in an

in a ;:'UIIJIJ'JI to Cape a of 73

in a to University

the

Rochel Turok', in Jewish

Jack Hersh J. Bloch and Nathan Breitman's African Jewish Chronicle 6 11 November 1938. Esther Wilkin G. Rochel Turok.', vol. 51, no. 4, Jewish Summer 1 74 Interview with Max 75 Interview with Mark 27 November 2000. 112

was 76

it was

a 79 Town

II as in a Cape 1 1 80 of 81

University 1 in

76 South African Jewish 2, 7 June 1939. 77 African Jewish 12 1 Afrikaner Idishe 26

Minutes of the Beth Hamidrash 21 Irtl'1,l"\",r 1945. BC A Minutes 1945-1 Minutes of the Beth Hamidrash I-I",."",~.rl UC1[ODler 1947. BC A Minutes 1945-1

of South emumerated vol. 4, 1 p.61. Union of South Africa. of the White the Union of South all races of the Pretoria: Government 113

as as at the in 82 were

A new name seem to

Town

was more seem to have Cape as of in A , ...... '.., ..... at 93

a to University were to nm"u,.,u",,;;.r was

82 South African Jewish 23 1939. 83 South African Jewish 20 December 1940. 84 South African Jewish 26 October 1945. 85 South African Jewish 12 December 1941. 86 South African Jewish 30 1943. 87 South African Jewish 12 Decem ber 1941 . 88 South African Jewish 8 1941 . 89 Interview with Max 29 2002. 90 notes of Chasse the Max Yiddish theatre collection. 91 Interview with Max 29 2002. 92 South African Jewish 8 1941 . 93 South African Jewish 12 December 1941. 94 African Jewish 10 1946. 114

an 95

A new name as a 1 is (1

Town

1 Cape of

A in 1 an pn',llrr'\nrnPI"Ir in

University were

no. 3, 1 pp.39- 115

was on occ:asl 107

was it was 112 Town was Da~::Ke~a

In 1 in oneCape in is more of sons,

was on 8 1 116

104 Zionist University 105 Zionist """'''''lien 106 Zionist I-fr.,,,n,cn 107 Zionist ...... ,-.n'cfl 108 L. ;"'",I"oth', in 9, nom. 22 December 1944.

,A/<:It,,,,,,, in Jewish vol. 31 no. 11,

372-373. Octc)oer 1944. 1945. 113 Union of South Office of Census and .... t<::'t'ei'.f'C! the of the Union of enumerated 14.

a khasene was .... r"''''''' .... t".rI ,...nr,,...,,,rr at

Zionist 1-1.01",..".,., 116

never same a

more as an ""VI""""''':'':,

even more as was one Town in 1 Cape of

University

117 26 1946. ;--- - ~. --~~ A SHORT LIVED REVIVAL: JOHANNESBURG,1947_1960

1. Meier Tzelmker & Bertha En!llander

The Merchant 01 Ven,ce. 1951

Town

3. Benny Dzynskl, Fa,vl ZY!I,elbaum. Hannan Hiersch. Cape Meier Tze lniker, 1951 of

4. Ma, Perlman. Gu,1a GallOa S Co., I s ra~ lyg,elbaum. Anna Rappel. Sar. h Sylvia, Aaron Alexandro., Bertha Eogl. ndcr S'tting: Yosef Che,niav.'Y. Benny Ozyn. ki, Masha Plncu~. Shmuel Zllbcrbc'g.1943 University 5. N,usla Gold 6. Benny Dzynski & Max Perlman "~. O'~""" ;;11:. 'rIl1l>"ll

7. Commemorative al bum

nr~ YSIK yO'I.. . , ..r- g. ng fUn r OnKGV M~n5cJorl' Yonkev Man.dorf. thirty yeo,. on the .tage, 1954

8. Niusia Gold & Yankev Mansdorf in Tevye der Mi/khikef Twvye the Dairyman

Yi!ll~~~r Fplh-Teater, 1~~4 A SHORT LIVED REVIVAL

CAPE TOWN 1947-1960 J

Town1 Micllael Kret~mar & Rochel Turok Riverside Dr;"". 1951

2. Avrom Rubmstein. Nathan Wollach. Rochel Turok & Director. Yankey Mansdorf Cape

Der Nayer B"rgermayster - The Ne w Mayor.of 1954

3. Yankey MansdorfUniversity

& the

Cape Town Jew ish Dramatic Society, 1954

.... ,.. y. .~" .~, •..• -, .. ". , " -, .>, ... ,,~, 119

A 1

even in a

in a mere Town as

Cape a mere was of

University 120

in 5

was

in an

Town in ",AI .... ",.. 7 Cape of on

University

4 The name "Prenova" was created from the of the names of the of Pren the that Shaban and his wife came from. rayze arum der Unzer Buenos 1951, pp. 260-264. , Jewish Arts Association of South was a for the of the Jewish contribution to all branches of the arts in South Africa. It was founded in in 1945 at the of Faivl most of its seem to have been the was not dedicated to Yiddish SA Jewish and Afrikaner Idishe 23 1945. Yiddish should be alive in South , in Jewish vol. 2, no. 7, 34-35. '25 Yidisher in Port-Elizabeth', in Dorem Afrike 9-ter uc·toOler 1 Times 16 121

no as

a in 1 11

Town a

12 In Cape of was

one 13

on a rr"'r".n"..... University 1

10 Jewish Times 30 1948. 11 relates that after his of the Dramatic Section of the Yidisher Arbeter heard of Stalin's murder he became a staunch Zionist and his Saul 13 October 2001. An initial amount of 10 000 was allocated for the initial work and a sum of 2 500 was allocated for administrative and work. SA Jewish 6 June

'Literature: Yiddish and Hebrew', in South African a M. 1 p.154. , in Dorem Afrike 2-ter yorg., nom. 11, 1 pp.27-28. 122

a in in

war

in was 17

a Town in Cape

In of 10 on a corner a overseas was

University in 1 21

A were a

who was

p.29. p.28. 123

in in 1 in 1 in 1 as

in in

even

Town

26 or 5 Cape of

University

28. 124

was as were more was

30 In

were

Town career on a Cape of actors were in

in n ... "",nnn on

University

28 Afrikaner Idishe 17 March 1950. 29 Afrikaner Idishe 12 March 1948. 30 Afrikaner Idishe 17 March 1950. 31 S.A. Jewish Times 18 November 1949. 32 Dembes is set in an isolated Eastern of a father and son who fall in love with the same woman, the beautiful who is taken into their home when the wife and mother of the falls ill. The young has a love affair with the son but when the wife marries the father. The strained relations between father and son, creates an of vengeance and which fills the action with to the final scene of the Yiddish theatre programmes donated Ben ARCH 914, SA Jewish Board of

fun a Yidishn artist', in Dorem Afrike 6-ter yorg., nom. 1, D. 'The end of an Hannan Hiersch: Yiddish Affairs vol. 9, no, 2, 1 p. 34. 125

were so

"First the so-called common man who because he likes wants an entertainment- it. the group of kulturmenschen who go to see these comedies in order to sneer and deride. Town about Great Yiddish Drama and sneak back to more material for derision. The third the who have refrained from these say, is not Yiddish theatre. Cape the of In

in 42

34 Afrikaner /dishe 35 Afrikaner Idishe University1949. 36 S.A. Jewish 37 Ben mamash', in October 1 p. 12. In 1948 the local actors: Max Bertha and Masha Pincus with them. 'The Yiddish theatre causes a stir', in Jewish vol. 3, no. 12, December 28-29. The cast Ariel three South Africans: Sarah her and Max It also included Rosenthal later settled in their season in South Markow was offered a where he and his wife settled. In Revisionist and time friend of Israel's RIIOI1>1ic:i,nni'c:t movement. In the seventies he went on to Israel. Interview with of the Zimbabwean Jewish Central African 25 2000. African Jewish 17.November 1950. 41 E. 'v, kumt a bazukh Dorem Afrike', in Dorem 4-ter , nom. 3, 1951, p. 29. Frukht fun Dorem Afrikaner Yidishe Kultur 1952. 126

1 see in a season seven 44

...... "'... ;",,:.48 In 1 Town

49 In 1 Cape of

" ... the Maurice Schwartz season has not been the fantastic success it would have been 25 this I mean that it was a success not because it drew audiences - which - but becauseUniversity it drew the audiences in an way. The Jewish and . .. whether it to show that will draw is as

Fela Feld', in Dorem

also in films such as Silk <.:tnI"Lmn"''' "'Oer Kibitser" mit 1 127

are static and do not Brothers Yoshe Kalb and needed a small staff. It becomes unless you think of the season as a n,.."<::tlr,,,, ex~)ected to such and we do it. Is there a future for such Yiddish The answer is no. The age does not understand Yiddish. there is room for the Jewish musical which does not such of the in the troubedour sense - who act in the love of it and travel around the world their way and not on a basis - can succeed in on. But even will find that their audiences have dwindled in 10 time ... We have of this with Yiddish films. Before the war, a Yiddish film could do business at one of the smaller houses. it is difficult to make it even when the film is over with talent.

in a

Town

l\/o,l£r"I,rno nemer Cape of in as on success. 54

University a course in a

announcer, was

51 D. "",,,,n"'n 'Yiddish rnl'>:::ur'1'> in Africa', in vol. 9, no. 9, -';:""nt""rnt"",

Yiddish theatre collecl:JOn ARCH

the Chairman of the

1949. 128

in in

amateurs.

it was

is Town

Cape of

was was University It is in

is It was

55 S.A. Jewish 11 56 'Fun der DA Yidishe un in Provints', in Dorem S.A. Jewish 11 1949. 58 S.A. Jewish 20 1949. 59 in & 1 129

version 13 18 court case,

is ,63

as,

" ... a in the which every lover of and the theatre should go to see, if in the interests of dramatic and fair That the is in Yiddish may seem to make it difficult to follow for those who have little or of that But for anyone with even the merest Town with the - and what theatre-lover falls below that minimum standard? the the swift sequence of event make the easy to course, most of attar of is lost in the translation ... "

Mail even ..... 11'... "', .... a letter to Cape

seen the Afrikaans versionof of "Macbeth", Merchant of Venice", the Yiddish r.rIlTlnl'lnV of

University

it is was a one a

60 Merchant of Venice programme notes. Bertha Yiddish theatre ARCH SA Jewish Board of SeeJ.RQ'~n""it7 ~fl'~Ktl~pe~e 5, 'A true Jewish Jew: a 23 1951. 23 1951. 25 1951. 130

I"II.c.rn.c.n (E~Xclctlly as as

to f'nl"ltrl"lnt

it.

"For Torah is Torah and you can't go Leviticus out of the Pentateuch because the idea of animal sacrifices you. And is dramatic Torah. You can't and Hamlet because you want the Prince less or the Merchant more humane and "nice." Mr Tzelniker however he could.

n .... '''''''o... as a ...... ,.,ITI"'.... " it was never a was concerned Town a in at Cape a

snMlrlt"1£ as of

on University even ,",,,,ton ..,,, It was not so at court scene to in

65 The review is the initials of Lewis sometime rF!V'IF!VilF!r for the Lamed Samekh. 'Oi fun "Oer fun , in Dorem Afrike 4-ter yorg, 1, 1951, p. 26. S.A. Jewish 31 1951. 68 Ibid. 69 In Act 3, Scene 2, lines Jessica states that she has heard him swear "That he would rather have Antonio's flesh than times the value of the sum that he did owe 'The Merchant of Venice', in William The Oxford 1 , p. 131

in in

It is It was as if It

nr.:>~~.::.~ <:1,1"'11'.::.01"1 was in

Town as as mere Cape

of cast 73 In

was

75 University

nnlA/QI.lQr was

70 'Chief Rabbi Rabinowitz attacks Tzelniker's SM'IIlf"1t'i( ethics and a rll<:!':",nllt'''' to Yiddish culture', in S.A. Jewish J. Chatto & 72 Lamed Samekh. 'Oi 4-ter yorg., 1, 1951, . Rand 132

as we .. 76

Town even if

more even if were 80 Cape 81 in of 1

82 on

University

never drew: a review of Mr Tzelniker's "'''.R'U<>. 1951.

1951, p.

Mendl Tabatznik was the out. Interview with IJnr1I"1r"'\I 13 October 2002. SA 21 1951. 81 'Fun der Dorem Afrikaner Yidishe Kultur i=""'i,::.. ",t"",,,· fun "YAT", unter der rezshi fun Tzelniker', in Dorem 4-ter yorg., nom. 6, 1 p.29. Dorem 1 , p. 27. 133

one were

A an Town in in Cape in of If ever a a

University

",urnn,,,, of our of life. in the fact Jacob most effective nt",tll'\r.", .. were not those of classical themes but of modern from Israel - in which the new State shows its links with the old world and no""m:;;",... its own brand of

126. 134

humour. Most was the poem about the Chelmer Melamed who little birds from his "home town" with him to Israel so that should not for little Jewish children. Most was a on the who come to the Knesset to watch the of their very own n<>r'u<>,,,,,,,,,nt Jacob Mansdorf is an actor of the manner which is now tradition. But true to the Jewish for he him a sense of new values which are created for us in the of the Jewish State. He is at his best not in the tear-stained of what was but in the humour of what is now and what is still to come.

career was to as it was on 17

Town

Capewas of success

was true to University

"1J".rn •• n", it was Jacob Mansdorf's fault. His was so and his so that it may have been difficult for the others not not to be attracted away from naturalism ... There may be some excuse for Tevie's intonations and There is no reason his should not be near-modern of the

The cast at the for the honest characterisation of all the ammunition that has been the stock-in-trade of the Yiddish Theatre for far too You cannot the Yiddish alive with the that your

87 D. 'Hebrew-Yiddish actor', in Jewish Affairs vol. 8, no. 7, 1 p.34. 88 'Shaike Letz with Jacob Mansdorf and , in Jewish vol. 8, no. 8, 1"""...... ;:>. 49-50. VVUIU"'_ '''Yankev Mansdorf als der Milkhiker''', in Dorem 6-ter yorg., nom. 7, p. 135

Aleichem does not need His lines carry their own

13 a at

\Om'T""-'" in

was in Town

Cape is

of is overcome

93 ;::'OWCllen on University su(;CeeaE~a in the of made his most notable of direction well cast as the musician about whose

who found the answer to her dreams in .... ""H1rl,,,,rll but needed a more artless touch to her in her sorrow. This maid should not remind us have

'South African Jewish Theatre', in Jewish vol. 9, no. 5, 1

Dorem Afrikaner v"..,,,,n., Kultur ",."rl."·<:>t,,,

Yiddish theatre /",,.,1,,,,,,'1',1"\" S. A.

, in nom. 2, 136

worthwhile from every of view. The 21 members of of the amateur Yiddish - have never better. differentiated between mannerism and

was out. was

rumour

to act scene.Town 95

In HUlaVlla",n on Cape of amateurs. H(lIW~~VI!'!r in 9 a

University to 97

to tour in

94 D.L. 'Yiddish Folk Theatre: Mansdorf in Shalom Aleichem " ~t".mr''''n'', ,in Jewish vol. 9, no. 10, October 1 p. 50. A rumour exists that Niusia Gold somehow mn,inr·~ti('n that Mansdorf was a Communist and therefore Joe 13 2002. S. 1 pp. 142-145. 97 137

two wars. a

tour were on

was

a 100 Town

is same was the name of Cape in a a at of

was

University as

a amateurs in to to a was so it was one to

98 'Diana Blumenfeld un Yonas Turkov in 8-ter yorg., nom. 9, 1 pp.28-29. iz er?": 8-ter yorg., nom. 11, 1 p.

'Diana Blumenfeld un Yonas Turkov in ,in Dorem 8-ter yorg., nom. 9, 1 pp.28-29. Jewish ruff" nay undzer bine', in Dorem a-ter nom. 11, 138

was

1 Town

Cape no of

University 1 108

p.30. 8-ter yorg., nom. 11,

1958', in The South African 1 pp.51-54. , in The South African Jewish Year p. 139

1 ...... """,, was a in

It was

If more in a " our Town

Cape of a

most University

summer

, in

k-O,eZ€IISnan', in Dorem sJIOOn,,,,·mr'JIOOr 1951, pp. 29-30. 140

10 UC1toD4er 1 first a was "''''''''".0,/''1 in In 1

if more

summer

nQ,"/"'Q,nT in 1 118 to 1 or 8 nQr,...:~nt in 1 122

in Town more nr"'''''''''''TC ..... in Cape It seems to have lasted until 1954. 'Fun der DA Yidishe , in Dorem 6-ter yorg., nom. 11, Yidishe folkshul: Yiddish Folkschool. Gershonof of Town Libraries. South African Jewish Chronicle 18 1956. 115 B. far a Yidish lebn', in Dorem Afrike 11-ter nom. 6, 1 p.5. 'Fun der DA Yidishe Di Yidishe Folkshul', in Dorem 1 p.27...... ,""",""",. Simonstown. Union of Sixth emumerated vol. 4, University 52. 141 at Town. and in tour to 125

as a as soon as

Town

Cape

of was

as an actress in

University even won 128 at concerts in

In 1 came to a

it was one

124 South African Jewish rnJrnnil"ia. 26 1955. 125 Interview with Shifra Uriel Weinreich Yiddish Summer Columbia Inn,fpr'~iTV New 1998. South African Jewish f:h'''lnil''/'''' 127 Interview with 128 1 142

names was ", •• >:.n.,... " as the most to

in one woman

131

In Town It

actor

Cape the amateurs of

of Icw"'",:.rn in was in A was in 133

University not Y'\&:.ln&:'T'IT

amateurs in is

129 South African Jewish 18 1950. 130 Xavier Rosenthal' in the S.A. Jewish Times 20 1983. 131 Zionist 1959. 132 S.A. Jewish 20 March 1957. 133 14 stories from Sho/em A/eichem as told Alec Howard

'Fun der DA Yidishe Kultur , in Dorem Afrike 1-ter yorg., nom. 3, 1 143 amateurs were to own steam much as

was a two-act

scene. It was at on 136

amateurs seem to to 137 at Town

138 In Cape amateurs at nO!:lTr'O 139 at 140 of

tt"l",.!:It,·.,. in the

University

135 'Gershon Laden', in Dorem 7-ter yorg., nom. 8, 1 p.27. 136 South African Jewish 7 November 1947. 137 Interview with Max 29 2002. 138 South African Jewish 12 1951. 139 South African Jewish 19 November 1954. 140 South African Jewish 7 1955. 141 A. 'Ikh bin a Kelemer Yid', in Dorem Afrike 25-ter yorg., nom. 12, Nov./Dec. pp. 7-8. Interview with Lozer W"<>lr<>h"'lniLr 31.7.2002. 143 'Avrom ,in Dorem 21-ter yorg., nom. 1, 1 p. 144

n",..-,,,n was came

1 in 146

in in 1 in

147 It was in

Townwas 148

Cape1 of

152

University

Jewish Studies U.C.T.

Libraries. South Africa. emumerated vol. 4, and "'C.. "' .... " 1 p.63. L. '25 yor Yidisher , in Dorem Afrike 9-ter yorg., 2, October 1 pp. 27-28. 'Fun der D.A. Yidishe Kultur Der Kultur Klub in Port Elizabeth', in Dorem 1-ter nom. 3, November 1 p.29. Afrikaner Idishe 17 1950. 151 L. in Port Elizabeth', in Yankev Mansdorf in zayn 1 pp. 140- 141; 'Fun der D.A. Yidishe Kultur Port- Elizabeth', in Dorem 7-ter yorg., 6, 1 p.32. in 145

in as 153

...... ,.".....""." in was elSlctE!O

two one act were 155

in 1 Town

Cape as of

University

It not

153 Union of South emumerated vol. 4, Government p. 77. 'Fun der DAYidishe Kultur "" ...'1",r'",t.,,,,,,· Bloemfontein', in Dorem Afrike 2-ter yorg., nom. 1 p.28. 'Fun der D.A. Yidishe Kultur Bloemfontein.', in Dorem Afrike 4-ter yorg., nom. 10, 1 146

a it was

In arose to create a "'0"""'''' case actors were a

a measure of reason, to

was not

even Town1

Cape in of came on a were able to 157 of Itzik

1 and 1 Universityin 1 165 1 came out to

156 'Chaim Grade in in Dorem Afrike yorg. 15, nom. 6, Nov./Oec. 1 pp.29-

Jewish Studies U.C.T. Libraries.

programme Gershon

durkh Niusia Gold in Teknikl K.Olem~sn·, in p.28. 147

amateurs in were ever in 1 167

continued to on 1

most

was in on 171 Town

Cape of

165 Di hilzerne shisl Gershon University II"_:S,,, ...., 1991, p. 31. Just the ticket: my

Rosenthal', in S.A. Jewish 20 1983. 148

as a

Town wave

was in Cape was in eXliSIIl:n1(.;:e in 1 2 of

is in is was never ."",mn,.., was University awareness

it is T""'<;OTf-g ever eXlstE!O

/:>v!'\",rim,>nt' in An miracle. Jewish Montreal: Vehicule

of Jewish life in Montreal .''''111'''''''' culture in 1 149

rf'lrllAITI with in as we seen, was the a

was even was

in 1 0, it is Town were Cape

1 of were most

are University a in is

came to not one came

3 1 p.47 150

came and came

in the came It is

case are near to is at

to thirties was the Town most actor-directors.Cape The of were

University

on as

'The Yiddish theatre causes a stir' in Jewish vol. 3, no. 12, December

in ,in Jewish vo1.15, no. 5, 1 p.66. 151

as a

was

in seem in Town

Cape was of

University

6 Interview UCltoDI3r 2002. 152

sources

Town

Cape of

University 153

or White races, 1 1

Town

Cape of

University

no. 6. 154

sources

as Town

Cape of

,nmll'I£"'·CII",... van

University

& 155

was a man. 1

a 1

a Town &

Cape of

University 1

1 156

un 1

& , 1

Town

Cape of

University

1 2 v. 157

Town

1 -1 6v. Cape of

University 158

Town

Cape of

University 159

Town

Cape of

University 1

c. 1 -1

nom.

1 1 1 160

no.

1 Town in ,nom.9,

Cape p. of , nom. 1,

, nom.

in University , nom.

nom. 5, 1

, nom.

p. 1

,nom.3,

in 161

1 1 no. 5, 1 p.

,nom. 5,

, nom.

, nom. 3, Town , nom. 3,

Cape of

University , nom.

p.18.

I nom. 8, 1 p. Town

Cape of 1 , nom. 11, 1

,en,e,..",,.., '" , nom. 1,

, nom. University 3, no. 11,

1 p. 1

1 1, 163

1 , p.

1 ,nom.6,

, nom.

Town nom. 5,

a nom.

Cape , nom. 1 of a , in I\1I""rrn 1

no.

University no.

0C1toOE3r 1

nom. 3, 1 [1]-4).

1 164

Leah. 'In the artistic of 15, no.

actor.' no. 1

Town

no.

Capein of no. 9, 1

University in no. 7,

iz , nom. 8,

, nom.

, nom. 11, 1 p.

nom. p. 165

nom.

in '" 9,

1 p.

nom. 11, 1 p.

artist.' Dorem

nom.

of Town vol. no.

Cape of Africa. Boston

University

in 166

APPENDIX I

VISITING YIDDISH THEATRE AND WRITERS

1896 Yankl ...... "'nT""" actor.

1897 -99 Hebrew nn,,,.<>ti,., and Dramatic

1899 Nathanson actors

1902-5 Waxman-Wallerstein's Yiddish Theatre r.nlmn;Plnv

1907 Wallerstein's Yiddish Theatre

1909-10 Wallerstein's Yiddish Theatre ("",mn!.n\!

1913 Sam actor

1915 Sam actor

1919 Sam actor

1920 Sarah

1921 Sarah and Sherman's Yiddish Theatre Town Peretz Hirschbein, traveller.

1922 Esther Wallerstein's Yiddish Theatre

1923 Kessler's Yiddish Theatre

1923-24 Maurice actor-director Cape 1926 Isaacovitch's Yiddish Theatre of 1927 Breitman-Teffner Yiddish Theatre Herz actor

1928 Berman's Yiddish Theatre

1929 Berman's Yiddish Theatre

1930 Sh. New Yiddish Theatre 1931 Meilekh Universitywriter. 1933 Breitman-Kanevska Yiddish Theatre

1934-35 David Vardi and Eva actors.

1936-37 Jacob actor-director.

1937 Picon and Jacob actors

1938 Meier Tzelniker's Yiddish Theatre r.nJrnn,::!nv Vera Kanevska and Paul actor-directors

1939 Miriam and Jac:oD:son actor-directors

1942 Tamara m~,nn(~\1 actress-director

1947 actors traveller

1948 Max Perlman's Yiddish Theatre 167

1949 Max Perlman's Yiddish Theatre Tamara """"m"""nr\\, Esta Stein and actor-directors Moishe cantor, actor Niusia actress-director

1950 Mark Markov and Etta Yiddish Theatre Avrom

1951 Meier Jacob ", .. n_""", Yosef P~lniF!rnil(nv

1952 Meir ~iI"'rt'l

1953 Max Perrman's Yiddish Theatre

1953-55 Yankev actor-director

1954 Maurice Schwartz's Yiddish Art Theatre

1955 actress Benzion Vitler and Shifra Lerer's Yiddish Theatre r.nlmn:::Inv Pesah Burstein and Lilian actors Town

1956 Jonas Turkow and Diana actor-directors Gerro and Rosita Londner's Yiddish Theatre actor cantor. Cape 1956-57 Shmuel 1'0' .... .,.1'><'" teacher, writer

1957 Herz "rnl'tn':lrn actor of

1961 Max Perlman's Yiddish Theatre

1962 Chaim writer

1962-63 Niusia actor-director

1966 Ulon's Yiddish Theatre

1969 Mike Burstein's of Itzik M.

1973 Gerro and Rosita Londner Yiddish Theatre Cnlmn,:o"v

1974 Soriano's Yiddish Theatre

1982-83 Niusia actor-director. 168

APPENDIX II AMATEUR YIDDISH THEATRE: EASTERN &

1. TRANSVAAL

YEAR NAME OF PLAY AUTHOR DIRECTOR ORGANISATION THEATRE 1906 un tsushpreyt Sholem Aleichem Hannan Hiersch Hebrew Dramatic company (Scattered & dispersed) Di Yidn (The Jews) Tchirikov Hannan Hiersch Hebrew Dramatic company His Majesty's

1907 Di Yudisha voluntir A.L. Jaffee S. Wallerstein

1911 Dos Dorfsmeydl Zalmen Ubin E. Wallerstein (The Village maiden) Motye Meilikh dar stolier Gaiety Melikh the carpenter Hana/a di finisherin Gaiety (Anna the seamstress)

1912 Dj Varheyt Jacob Gordin Rokhl dege/ Mahaneh Yehudah (Rachel the Standard of Judah) Town Der Yidisher Kenig Lir Jacob Gordin (The Jewish Lear)

1913 Di Yesoyme (The Orphan) Jacob Gordin Palladium Di Varheyt (The Truth) Jacob Gordin Yidisher Literasher. un Palladium Cape Dramatisher Fereyn

1914 Der Meturef (The Madman) Jacob Gordin of Standard

1916 On a haym (Homeless) Jacob Gordin Palladium Mire/a Bros Jacob Gordin VaudeUe Krugersdorp Bar Kokhba Avrom Goldfaden Sura Richter Sura Richter Palladium

1917 Dem Shadkhan's tokhter Yidisher Litararisher. un Orpheum (The Matchmakers daughter) Dramatisher. Fareyn Kreutter sonata Jacob Gordin Jewish War Victims Fund Palladium Di Yesoyme (The Orphan)University Jacob Gordin Hebrew Operatic Company Palladium Oyfderberg Jacob Gordin Vaudette (On the mountain) Kreuttar sonata Jacob Gordin Yidisher Literarisher un VaudeUe Dramatisher Fareyn Krugersdorp Bar Kokhba Avrom Goldfaden Hebrew Operatic company Palladium Got mentsh un tayvl Jacob Gordin Yidisher Literarisher un Palladium (God man and the devil) Drsmstisher Der Yidisher Kanig Lir Jacob Gordin Hebrew Operatic Company Palladium (Jewish Lear) Dos Yidisha harts Joseph Lateiner Hebrew Operatic Company Palladium (The Jewish heart)

1918 Galt (Money) Morris Gisnet Hebrew Operatic Company Palladium

1919 Di Shehitsh Jacob Gordin Hebrew Operatic Company Palladium (The Slaughter) Bas Yerusha/ayim Avrom Goldfaden Hebrew Company Palladium (Daughter of Jerusalem) 169

On a heym (Homeless) Jacob Gordin Standard Hane/e di finisherin Sam Stern Jewish Comedy Dramatic Standard (Anna the seamstress) Company Homen der tsveyter Sam Stern Jewish Comedy Dramatic Standard (Haman the Second) Company Di farblondzete neshome Sam Stern Jewish Comedy Dramatic Standard (The lost soul) Company Bar Kokhba Avrom Goldfaden Sam Stern Jewish Comedy Dramatic Standard Company Dovid's fide/e Selig Mogilescu Sam Stern Jewish Comedy Dramatic Standard (David's harp) Company Di Yesoyme (The Orphan) Jacob Gordin Sam Stern Jewish Comedy Dramtic Standard Company Kol Nidre Anshel Shur Sam Stern Jewish Comedy Dramatic Standard Company Bas Yerushalayim Avrom Goldfaden Sam Stern Jewish Dramatic Standard (Daughter of Jerusalem) Company Shu/ames Avrom Goldfaden Sam Stern Jewish Comedy Dramatic Standard Company Bobe Yakhne Avrom Goldfaden Sam Stern Jewish Comedy Dramatic Palladium Company Hayim in Amerike Sam Stern Jewish Comedy Dramatic Palladium Company Der Yeshive bokher I. Zolotarevsky Sam Stern Jewish Comedy Dramatic Palladium (The Yeshive boy) Company Di Goldene medine Sam Stern TownJewish Comedy Dramatic Palladium (The Golden land) Comedy Akeydes Yitschak Avrom Goldfaden Sam Stern Jewish Comedy Dramatic Palladium (Sacrifice of Isaac) Company

1920 Hame/e di finisherin Benoni Amateur Dramatic Vaudette Anna the seamstress Cape Society Germiston Di shkJafen Sarah Sylvia Palladium (The white slaves) Kishuf (Magic) of Sarah Sylvia Palladium Dos lebn fun a froy Sarah Sylvia Palladium (The life of a woman) OJ genarte mener Sarah Sylvia Palladium (The Disappointed men) Hantshe di sufradjetke Sarah Sylvia Palladium (Hantshe the suffragette) A Yidishe harts Hebrew OperatiC Company Palladium (A Jewish heart) Got mentsh un tayvl Jacob Gordin Hebrew OperatiC Company Palladium (God man and the devil) A Mentsh zol zayn Hebrew Operatic Company Palladium (Be a mentsh University

1921 Yankl der shmidt David Pinski Hebrew Operatic Company Palladium (Yankl the Blacksmith)

1922 Got fun nekome SholemAsch Hebrew Operatic Company Palladium (God of vengeance) Dos Pintala YJd Boris Thomashefsky Hebrew Company Palladium (The Quintessential Jew) Der Shturem 'oygl Leon Kobrin Palladium (The Storm bird) On a heym (Homeless) Jacob Gordin Jewish Help Reconstruction Vaudette And Orphan's Fund Krugersdorp

1923 Got mentsh un tayvl Jacob Gordin Y. Blum Pretoria Amateur Dramatic Palladium (God man and the devil) society Dar Bal ha/oymes Joseph Shapiro Hannan Hiersch In aid of the Ferreira Talmud Palladium (The Dreamer) Torah 170

Di Mishpokhe (The H.D. Nomberg Hannan Hiersch Yidisher Literarisher un Palladium Dramatisher Fareyn On a heym (Homeless) Jacob Gordin Krugersdorp Amateur Palladium Dramatic Society

1924 Di Mishpokhe (The Family) H.D. Nomberg Hannan Hiersch Yidisher Literarisher un Palladium Dramatisher Fareyn Babe Yakhne Avrom Goldfaden Fordsburg un Mayfair Idisher Standard Dramatisher Fareyn Yede froy's far/ang Dora Nathan (Every woman's desire)

1925 Di Grinhoms Joseph Lateiner Dora Nathan Standard (The Greenhorns) Di Lebedike yesoymim I. Zolotarevsky Hannan Hiersch Standard (The Lively orphans) 200 000 Sholom Aleichem Hannan Hiersch Zeire Zion Standard Jewish Guild 1926 Ana B. Arzshansky Yidisher Literarisher un Jewish Guild Dramatisher Fareyn

1927 Menshn & Sholem Aleichem Mendel Tabatznik Yidisher Literarisher un Jewish Guild Der Hosen (The Der Tunkeler Dramatisher Fareyn Moshke Hazer I.D. Berkowitz Hannan Hiersch Yidisher Literarisher un Standard (Moshke the pig) TownDramatisher Farayn 1928 Mire/e Efros Jacob Gordin Standard

1929 Der Dorfsyung Leon Kobrin Hannan Hiersch Yidisher Literarisher un Standard (The Village youth) Dramatisher Fareyn

1931 Yank/ der shmid David Pinski Cape Yidisher Literarisher un (Yankl the Blacksmith) Dramatisher Fareyn Grine felder (Green fields) Peretz Hirschbein Mendel Tabatznik Dramatishn Kuns-Krayz Di Far/orene hofenung Herman Heyermanof Shloyme Rubin Yidisher Uterarisher un Jewish Guild (The Lost hope) Dramatisher Fareyn Dos Tsebrokhene lebn I. Zolotarevsky Mendel Tabatznik Zeire Zion Standard (The Shattered life) Dos lid fun libe Arbeter Ring Standard (The Song of love)

1932 A fantaziye David Fram Jewish Guild (A fantasy) Di Kishumakherin Avrom Goldfaden David Germislon Young Israel Standard (The Witch) Society. In shop (In the sweatUniversity shop) H. Leivick Yidisher Arbeter Klub Jewish Guild Menshn (Peop/e), Sholem Aleichem Mendel Tabatznik Zeire Zion Jewish Guild Oylem ha-bo (World to come) Der Vilder mentsh Jacob Gordin Adolf Yonker Polish Club Jewish Guild (The Wild man) Yoshke Muzikant Ossip Dymow Shloyme Rubin Yidddish Dramatic Section Jewish Guild (Yoshke the musician) Jewish Guild Tsurik sheym Abel Shaban Mendel Tabatznik Standard (Homeward bound) Di teg fun unzer lebn Leonid Andreyev Leo Galvin Yiddish Dramatic Section Jewish Guild (The Days of our lives) Jewish Guild Chane Ie Sigmund Feinman Pretoria Amateur Dramatic Pretoria Society House

1933 Ibem okean (Over the ocean) Jacob Gordin Hannan Hiersch Jewish Guild 200 000 Sholem Aleichem Zeire Zion Jewish Guild Menshn & DerHosen Sholem Aleichem Mendel. Tabatznik Yiddish Krugersdorp (The Der Tunkeler City Hall Funem fayer(From the fire) Sh. M. Zimmerman Yidisher Arbeter Klub Selbourne Hall &Weis 171

Fun Fordsburg biz Mayfair David Fram Hannan Hiersch Jewish Guild (From Fordsburg to A gast in shtetl Yidisher Arbeter Klub A Visitor in the shtetl Tsezayt un tseshpreyt Sholem Aleichem B.M.Remen Klerksdorp Dramatic Circle (Scattered and dispersed) Shver tsu zany a Yid Sholem Aleichem David Benoni Jewish Dramatic Hebrew Hall, (Hard to be a Jew) Circle Benoni Riverside Drive Leon Kobrin Rev. A. Altshuler Yiddish Dramatic

1934 Bay nakht oyfn altn mark I.L. Peretz Simche Nathan Yiddish Art Theatre Jewish Guild (By night in the old market) DerShnips Anatolii Glebov Yidisher Arbetar Klub Jewish Guild (The necktie) Dar David Danzig Benoni Jewish Dramatic Benoni poet) & Di & Leo Galvin Circle Tsezayt un tseshpreyt Sholem Aleichem Rev. A. Altshuler Yiddish Dramatic Brakpan (Scattered and dispersed) Oyf der grenets A. Vieviorka Yidisher Arbeter Klub Jewish Guild (On the border)

1935 In opgrunt (In the abyss) Maxim Gorky Kurt Baum Yidisher Arbeter Klub Vi es arbet nit der est nit Yidisher Arbeter Klub (If one doesn't work one doesn't Town eat) Of Getsfungene kale I. Zolotarevsky Mary Einhorn & Jewish Guild (The Pregnant bride) Boris Abramov Freyen fun der nakht Sarah Sylvia African Consolidated His Majesty's (Night birds) Theatres A harts vos benkt Sarah Sylvia African Consolidated His Majesty's heart) Cape Theatres blum, Red flower) Gezerd Jewish Guild Got frase, of cliche) Slushay of Dos kurtser Morris Blum Pretoria Yidisher Dramatisher City Hall, Pretoria in kik (Brief Fareyn Censor in the Di Importirter veyb Sarah Sylvia African Consolidated His (The Imported wife) Theatres In a velt fun zind D. Kalmanowitch Sarah Sylvia African Consolidated His Majesty's (In a world of sin) Theatres Erlikh batsolt (Erlich pays) William Segal African Consolidated His Majesty's Theatres Neshomes tsu farkoyfn William Segal Sarah Sylvia African Consolidated His Majesty's (Souls for sale) University Theatres Farvos froyen getn zikh D. Kalmanowitch Sarah Sylvia African COl")solidated His women divorce) Theatres

1936 Veyse shklafn Sarah Sylvia African Consolidated His Majesty's (White slaves) Theatres Luft pemoses Z. Komblit Benny Ozynski Yidisher Arbeter Klub 141 Main Street A Mamesshild Phil Schragger Jewish Guild (A Mother's fault) Shir ha-shirim Anshul Shur Phil Schragger Jewish Guild (Song of songs) Professor Mamlock Friedrich Wolf Benny Ozynsky Yidisher Arbetar Klub 141 Main Street Di Meydl fun der Vest Phil Schragger Jewish Guild (The Girl from the West) Funemfayer From the Sholem Aleichem Yidisher Arbeter Klub 141 Main Street tov, & Der korbn(The SA Deyskal sacrifice) S.Olgin 200000 Sholem Aleichem Yankev Waislitz Fareynikte Yidisher Kultur His Majesty's Front 172

1937 Dos lebn ruft B. Yankev Waislitz Yidisher Kultur Jewish Guild (Life is calling) Bizn tog fun mayn Ctlifford Odets Benny Ozynski Yidisher Arbeter Klub 141 Main Street (Till the day I die) Tog un nakht Sh. Anski Yankev Waislitz Yidisher Kultur Standard (Day and night) Der veg tsum lebn Yidisher Arbeter KJub Library Theatre (The way to life) Pamose (A living) Ch. Gottesfeld Yankev Waislitz Yidisher Kultur Fareyn Standard Der broyt mil (The Flour mill) David Bergelson F. Zygielbaum Yidisher Arbetar Klub Jewish Guild Dray shvester (Three sisters) Leon Kobrin Sarah Sylvia African Consolidated Standard Theatres Gelt (Volpone) Ben Jonson Kurt Baum Yidisher Arbeter Klub 141 Main Street

Motke ganef (Motke the thief) SholemAsch leo Galvin Yidisher Kultur Fareyn Jewish Guild

1938 A froy on a harts J. Markowitz Sarah Sylvia African Consolidated Standard (A woman without a heart) Theatres Paris bay nakht (Paris by night) J. Markowitz Sarah Sylvia African Consolidated Standard Theatres Di Yorshim (The heirs) SholemAsch Leo Galvin Yidisher Kultur Fareyn Jewish Guild Bagrobt di toyte Irwin Shaw leo Kerz Yidisher Arbeter Kfub 141 Main street (Bury the dead) Town Shulames Avrom Goldfaden Boris Abramov Standard Rokhl's kinder D. Kalmanowitch Vera Kanevska African Consolidated Standard (Rokhl's children) Theatres Di tarlibte mishpokhe Boris Abramov Library theatre (Family in love) Gevald ven shtarbt er Ch, Gottesfeld BennyCape Ozynski Yidisher Arbetar Klub (Gevald he's dying) Der fetster tants Olshensky of Vera Kanevska African Consolidated Standard last dance) Theatres

1939 Kof Nidre Anshel Shur Vera Kanevska African Consolidated Standard Theatres A dank fun Kinder Joel Myerson & African Consolidated Standard (Thanks to children) Vera Kanevska Theatres Der dorfsyung (The Village boy) Leon Kobrin Benny Ozynski Yidishe Teater Geze/shaft Shvartsbard Alter Kacyzna Yankey Waislitz, Yidishe Teater Gezefshaft Jewish Guild Leo Galvin, Max Itzler Der Amerikaner LitvakUniversity M, Kressyn & African Consolidated Standard (The American Litvak) H. Jacobson Theatres Motke fun S/obodke M. Kressyn & African Consolidated Standard H.Jacobson Theatres Der Leydikgeyer (The Idler) M. Kressyn & African Consolidated Standard H.Jacobson Theatres 1939 Meydlekh in getar M. Kressyn& African Consolidated Standard (Maid ins in danger) H.Jacobson Theatres Art/stn (Artists) M. Kressyn & African Consolidated Standard H. Jacobson Theatres David Golder I. Nemerovsky Ossip Runitch Yiddish Art Theatre Coronation Hall DerAtestat Matriculant) ladislaus Fodor Ossip Runitch Yiddish Art Theatre Coronation Hall

Fri/ing in September L. Hirschfeld Ossip Runitch Yiddish Art Theatre Coronation Hall (Spring in September) Der Tiger (The Tiger) D. Kalmanowitch Ossip Runitch Yiddish Art Theatre Coronation Hall 173

Dos Idishe erd WulfSachs Ossip Runitch Yiddish Art Theatre Coronation Hal (The Jewish earth)

1940 Erets SholemAleichem Benny Ozynski Yidisher Arbeter Klub Der Tunkeler Hands up Chashmal Yoshke Muzikant Ossip Dymow Leo Galvin Yidisher Kultur Fareyn Library Theatre Gelt, /ibe un shanda Sarah Sylvia African Consolidated Theatre Standard (Money love & shame) Hershel Ostropo/af B"Ozynski & Yidishe Taater Geze/shaft & Standard Sarah Sylvia African Consolidated Theatres Der Vi/der mensh Jacob Gordin H. Hiersch Polish Club Jewish Guild (The Wild man) Got mentsh un tayvl Jacob Gordin Shloyme Rubin Medical Aid for Russia Coronation Hall (God man & the devil)

1941 Professor Mamlock Friedrich Wolf Benny Ozynski African Consolidated Standard Theatres Got mensh un tayv/ Jacob Gordin David Danzig Benoni Yiddish Dramatic Benoni Town Hall (God man & the devil) Society

1942 Di Maske fun soten Ossip Runitch Ossip Runitch /disher Forum University Hall, (The Mask of satan) Town Milner Park Dos Fremde kind V. Shwarkin Ossip Runitch Idisher Forum & Standard (The Strange child) African Consolidated Theatres

1943 GoJdfaden spektakeJ Michael Weich art F. Zygielbaum Jewish Dramatic Circle Library Theatre (Goldfaden spectacle) Cape Kreutzer Sonata Jacob Gordin Ossip Runitch /disher Forum & Standard of African Consolidated Theatres

1944 Partizaner A. Karneitshik Leo Galvin Medical Aid for Russia Library Theatre

Der Dybbuk oyfn linkn zayt Hyman Erlich Benny Ozynski Yidisher Arbeter Klub Library Theatre (The Dybbuk on the Left)

1945 Der hosen (The Bridegroom) Der Tunkeler Y. Movson Idisher Ku/tur Fareyn, A shtikl radio nokh havdo/e Pretoria (A radio play before Hevdole) Yoshke muzikant UniversityOssip Dymow Leo Galvin Yidisher Arbeter Klub Coronation Hall (Yoshke the musician) Mazeltov, Oy/em ha-bo Sholem Aleichem Benny Ozynski Yidisher Arbeter Klub (The next world ), Hands up Chashmal

1946 Hurbn (Holocaust) Y.L. Segal Y. Movson Idisher Ku/tur Fareyn Pretoria Gold grebers (Gold diggers) Sholem Aleichem F. Zygielbaum African Consolidated Standard Theatres

1947 Riverside Drive Leon Kobrin Brakpan Yiddish Germiston City Hall DramaticCircle

1948 Der Profeshyone/ Gershon Fine I. Zygielbaum Yidisher Arbeter Klub 200 000 Sholem Aleichem David Danzig Benoni Dramatic Circle Benoni Town Hall 174

1949 Nekome nemer (The Chaim. Slaves T. Samsonov Dramatic Section, Yidisher Benoni Town Hall Kultur Federatsye Coronation Hall Der Dorfsyung Village lad) Leon Kobrin Hannan Hiersch Yidisher Arbeter Klub Hall The Street talks J. Markowitz Esta Stein Jewish Musical Institute Hall J. Df Kishufmakherin (The Witch) Avrom Goldfaden Benoni Dramatic Circle Benoni Town Hall Riverside Drive Leon Kobrin Y. Movsen Pretoria Dramatic Circle Motye Meylekh der stolier Y. Movsen Pretoria Cramatic Circle (Motye Meylekh the carpenter)

1950 Dembes trees) Fishl F. Technical Tevye der Mflkhiker Sholem Aleichem J. Heifer (Tevye the

1951 Mire/e Efros Jacob Gordin Niusia Gold Yiddish Theatre Technical 200000 Sholem Aleichem Meyer Tzelniker Yidisher Afrikaner Teater Empire Df Kishufmakherin (The Witch) Avrom Goldfaden Tzelniker Yidisher Afrikaner Teater Technical Df Shevu'e (The Jacob Gordin Niusia Gold Yiddish Theatre Library Theatre Der Soykher fun Venetsye W. Meyer Tzelniker Yidisher Afrikaner Teater Empire (The Merchant of Venice) Trans. A. Maisels Riverside Drive Leon Kobrin Niusia Gold Yidisher Fo/ks-Teater Technical Oy/em ha-bo (The Next world) Sholem Aleichem David Danzig TownBenoni Yiddish Theatre Benoni Town Hall Mentshn (People) Society

1952 Got mentsh un tayvl Jacob Gordin Niusia Gold Yidisher Folks-Teater Technical College (God man & the devil) Dos Meser! (The little Sholem Aleichem Mendel Yidisher Folkshul Concert TabatznikCape

1953 Shayke Lets (Shayke the clown) L. Katsovitz of Y. Mansdorf & Yidlsher Folks-Teater Reps Theatre Niusia Gold

1954 Sholem Aleichem Y. Mansdorf & Yidisher Folks-Teater Reps Theatre Niusia Gold Sholem Aleichem Y. Mansdorf & Yidisher Folks-Teater Reps Theatre Niusia Gold Der Nayer Burgermayster Y. Bar Yosef Y. Mansdorf & Yidisher Folks-Teater Reps Theatre (The New Niusia Gold

1955 DerArender UniversityI.L. Peretz Mendl Tabatznik Yidisher Folkshul Technical College 1956 Ver iz er (Where is he) Benedetti D. Blumenfeld Sholem Aleichem Group V.M.C.A. Hall Df Puste kretsme P. Hirschbein Niusia Gold V.M.C.A. Hall (The Haunted inn) Yugnt ruft L. Fodor D. Blumenfeld & Sholem Aleichem Group Windmill Theatre (The Call of Jonas Turkow

1959 Two Bcts from: Sholem Aleichem Sarah SA Jewish Board of Zionist Centre ha-bo (The Next world) & Yidisher Kultur Federetsye

1960 The Doctor takes a wife Sarah Yidisher Kultur Federatsye Jewish Guild Mirele Efros Act 2. Jacob Gordin Sarah Yidisher Kultur Federatsye 175

2. WESTERN

1916 Tsuzayt un r.'

1917 DiGat Sholem Aleichem Jewish Literary & Dramatic

1918 Di v<>" .... ,,·~O (The Orphan) Jacob Gordin Hebrew Operatic & Dramatic Dos Yidishe Harts Lateiner Hebrew Operatic & (The Jewish heart) Dramatic Mire/e Efros Jacob Gordin Hebrew Operatic & Playhouse Dramatic The Unknown Jacob Gordin S. Davidoff Jewish Literary & Institute Dramatic

1920 The Dreamer Jacob Gordin S. Davidoff Jewish Literary & Institute Dramatic DerMeturef Madman) Jacob Gordin S. Davidoff Hebrew Operatic & Railway Institute Dramatic

1921 Der Lir Jacob Gordin Literary Society Worcester (The Jewish King Lear) Town

1923 The True force Jewish Literary & Institute Dramatic 1924 Shu/ames Avrom Goldfaden JoelCape Myerson Opera House 1926 Shir ha-shirim (Song of Songs) Anshul Shur of Bert Herbert Institute

1929 Madame Mirl from Odessa Phil Schragger Zionist Hall

1931 Riverside Drive Leon Kobrin H. Kowarsky for a Zionist Hall Palestine

1932 Dos Sholem Aleichem Paarl Dramatic Paarl Talmud (The Torah, Zionist Hall 01 Shadhonim Town Jewish Zionist Hall (The University Dramatic Riverside Drive Leon Kobrin H. Kowarsky Cape Town Jewish Zionist Hall Dramatic Society Dos Pinte/a Yid B. Thl~m:~sh,efslkv B. Berman & Paarl Dramatic Society Palladium, Paarl Quintessential Jew) H. Kowarsky

1933 Dar Lir Jacob Gordin Paarl Dramatic Society Paarl Talmud Jewish Lear) Torah Moshke hazer (Moshke the pig) I. D. Berkowitz H. Zionist Socialist Party Zionist Hall Dos Yidishe harts Lateiner Jacob Levinson Stellenbosch Israel Opera House (The Jewish heart) Society

1934 S. Uptzin Yidisher Arbeter Klub Oddfellows Hall Motye Meylekh der stolier Gezerd Oddfellows Hall Tsvishn flamen Gezerd Oddfellows Hall (In DerFremder Jacob Gordin H. Paarl Junior Zionist Hall, Paarl Zionist 176

1935 /r Ervakhung (Her Leon Kobrin Sarah grenets (On the border) A. Vieviorka Chaim Klein Yidisher Arbeter Klub Hotel Edward

1937 200000 Sholem Aleichem Yankev Waislitz Jewish Dramatic Circle Zionist Hall Professor Mam/ock Friedrich Wolf Yankev Waislitz Jewish Dramatic Circle Zionist Hall

1938 50S/ vert a kale (50S I gets Vera Kanevska Jewish Dramatic Circle Zionist Hall married) & Der Opgenarter man (The man) Of Fargesene mame Vera Kanevska Jewish Dramatic Circle Zionist Hall (The mother) Unzer rebe/e rabbi) V. Kanevska Jewish Dramatic Circle Zionist Hall Rokhl's kinder Vera Kanevska Jewish Dramatic Circle Zionist Hall (Rachel's children A hasene in moshev zkenim Vera Kanevska Jewish Dramatic Circle Zionist Hall A Wedding in an Old Age Home Mire/e Efros Jacob Gordin V. Kanevska Jewish Dramatic Circle Zionist Hall

1939 Der Blinder mahler M. Himmelsztein Paarl Dramatic Paarl, (The Blind painter) Town Zionist Hall A Mames harts Z. Kalmanowitch Vera Kanevska Jewish Dramatic Circle Zionist Hall (A Mother's Lakhn iz gezunt Sholem Aleichem Gezerd Oddfellows is healthy) Kreutzer sonata Jacob Gordin VeraCape Kanevska Jewish Dramatic Circle Zionist Hall

1940 Of Fartribene tokhter Z. Kornblit M. Himmelstein Paarl Dramatic Zionist Hall (The Cast out daughter) of

1941 Pamose(A Ch. Gottesfeld M. Himmelstein Jewish Dramatic Circle Zionist Hall

1943 Chasse di yesoyme Jacob Gordin Gotkin Jewish Dramatic Circle Zionist Hall (Chasse the orphan)

1945 Mayn Yidishe Mame Joseph Lateiner Paarl Dramatic Zionist Hall

1946 Der hosn (The UniversityDer Tunkeler Nathan Wollach Jewish Dramatic Circle Muizenberg Pavilion

1947 Tevye der Milkhiker Sholem Aleichem Lazar Jewish Dramatic Circle Zionist Hall the Dairyman) Maze/tov Sholem Aleichem Kurland-Livland Muizenberg Pavilion Tuml in shtotgortn Gershon Laden & Alfred Faclier Jewish Dramatic Circle Zionist Hall (Tumult in the avenue) Benzion Mirvish

1948 Tevye der Milkhiker Sholem Aleichem Joseph Lazar Jewish Dramatic Circle Muizenberg (Tevye the Pavilion One Act comedy Sholem Aleichem Berl Padovich Jewish Dramatic Circle Muizenberg Pavilion

1951 Riverside Drive Leon Kobrin Pesach Barsky Jewish Dramatic Circle Muizenberg Pavilion MszsJtov Sholem Aleichem Jewish Dramatic Circle 177

Hoykhe Fenster (High society) Zalmen Ubin Meyer Tzelniker Cape Jewish Dramatic Zionist Hall Society

1952 Mazeltov Sholem Aleichem Muizenberg Pavilion

1954 Der Nayer Burgermayster Y. Bar Yosef Y. Mansdorf Cape Jewish Dramatic Zionist Hall (The New Society

1959 Menshn Sholem Aleichem H. Scherzer Yidishe Zionist Hall

3. EASTERN CAPE

1929 minut toyt (Three minute Max Gabel Max Angorin East London & In tsveyen a zeks (In two a sixty six)

1930 Kasrilevke Hotel Sholem Aleichem Rev. Altshuler East London

1932 Dos Groyse gevins Sholem Aleichem Max Angorin East London Jewish East London City (The Windfall) Dramatic Circle Hall Tsurik aheym AbelShaban Max Angorin EastTown London Jewish East London (Homeward bound) Dramatic Circle Dos Yidishe harts Joseph Lateiner Max Angorin East London Jewish East London (The Jewish heart) Dramatic Circle

1944 Shloyme un Rikl I. Zolotarevsky Max Angorin East London Jewish East London Cape Dramatic circle

1945 Shloyme un Rikl I. Zolotarevsky of Max Angorin East London Jewish Port Elizabeth Dramatic circle City Hall

1947 Riverside Drive Leon Kobrin Port Elizabeth Yiddish Port Elizabeth Culture Club

1955 Der Neyer Burgermayster Y. Bar Yosef Y. Mansdorf Port Elizabeth Yiddish City Hall (The New Mayor) Culture Club

1956 Der Yugnt ruft Ladislaus Fodor D. Blumenfeld & Port Elizabeth Port Elizabeth (The Call of University Jonas Turkow Yiddish Culture Club & East London

4. NORTHERN KIMBERLEY

1920 Nokh a hasene Ch. Kramer Young Israel Society Zionist Hall (Another

Der Yidlsher Kenig Lir Jacob Gordin Ch. Kramer Dean's Hall (The Jewish Lear)

5. NATAL: DURBAN

1920 Dos Pintele Yid B. Thomashefsky Phil Schragger Combined Zionist Theatre Royal (The Quintessential Jew) Committee of Durban

1921 Der Amerikaner glik Hebrew Operatic & Theatre Royal Dramatic 178

1922 Der Bal haloymes (The Dreamer) Joseph Shapiro Hannan Hiersch Durban Zionist Association Theatre Royal

6. ORANGE FREE STATE

1929 Riverside Drive L. Kobrin Rev. A. Altshuler Bethlehem

1933 Oylem ha-bo (World to come) Sholem Aleichem Rev. Z. Lison Israel Society & Marquard Town Hebrew School Hall

1949 Yener velt (The other world) E. Lapinsky Yidishe Kultur Federatsye Bloemfontein

1952 Pesah tsum seder & Sholem Aleichem D. Kramer Yidishe Kultur Federatsye Bloemfontein Ekspropriatsye (Expropriation) N. Davidovitz

Town

Cape of

University 179

APPENDIX III

SOUTH AFRICAN YIDDISH

1907 A. L. Der Yudisher voluntir Jewish Performed the Wallerstein T ....,~ ••·~ 7 1907. No extant.

1910 London: R. Mazin, 1901. Performed the Wallerstein

1916

F!\I~mirl/"l of the Yidisher Literarisher un Dramatisher

.::"",.n.",n of the Yidisher Literarisher un extant.

Read at function of the Yidisher Literarisher un Dramatisher extant.

1922 Performed the Durban Zionist Association at the Theatre directed by HannanTown Hiersch. No extant. Hirsch. Horev Dorem 1922. Published with: Shaul Hirsch. Shaul: Biblis;Ie drame in 4 alden. Kovno: 1922. 5, 1923. Never .... ",.fnr'm<"rl

the Cape1924. Contents: shve/ the the of 1929 Mendl. Dos oreme A about school children of the Yiddish folkshul in 1929. No

1930 Performed the children of

1931 11Cc.'~~.,~ and Published in the newspaper, Di Idishe 1931.

University the scene to

1932 ."' .... "'~,,,' with music G. Ichilchik. Performed at the Jewish extant. Abel. Serialised in the Afrikaner Yidisher 1, 6, 27 3, 9 1932. Performed at the Standard Theatre on Motsa'ei Yom 1932, 10 October 1932, East London Directed Mendl Tabatznik. Onshtel Published in Di Idishe 1932. Never not extant. 1933 Hannan Hiersch. Performed 1933. No extant.

1937 Sketch "",."!'n,'",,,,,rl at a 180

1947. yorg. 1, nom. 1, June, 1937.

1939 Wulf. Dos Idishe erd Performed the Yiddish Art Theatre. 5, 6, 7,9 December 1939. Director: Runitch ChnrF!nnr;:;rlhv' Nina Parne!. Mandolin orchestra: l. Alter. No extant. 1942 Performed the Idisher in Mauritius and Medical Aid for

Uls.aplpeclrallce of 'I<::",t""·I'1,,,'''\ Performed in 1942. No extant. 1944

1945 r.:""fnf'In:lI'i· drame in 3 aktn un 16 bi/der. fun Town

1946 Pr",tnri", 31 Performed Cape 1947 Benzion. Tumel in in the Zionist 28 October 1947.of Director: Alfred Faclier. No llri,.,rhtnik 1947. No extant.

1948 Gershon. Der (The t'fcnel'SI()na the Yidisher Arbeter Klub. 7 & 14 March 1948. Director: Israel LY!::!leiloaur extant.

1949 and three 1945. University 181

APPENDIX IV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

p.63.

at leisure: Luscotnbe Searelle and Stodel', in

4. Sacks', Jewish Affafrs, vol. no.11, November

5. I-r.,,,,,rl,,,..., 1907. Hannan Hiersch ARCH 914. 6. in C.A. 'The old theatres in in South African architectural record, 137. M. R. & F. Waxman. Z. Leksikon fun Yidishn teater, ti4tl-tio,U. 660-662. For S & E. \/I/:>,I1"",·<:t""in used the the that "'... ,,~"""" programme from 1907. & Ella See

collection.

TownRallw,avs and Harbours

PAGE 70: radicals and refug4:1es 1930-1947. 1. in Afrikaner Yirii<:h,'!r 2. in Afrikaner Yidisher 3. in Afrikaner Yidisher 4. in S.A. Jewish Times, 13 5. Yidisher Arbeter Klub, M. Shain et a!. LU.JI"\IfIUCape 25. 6. Hershele 1 in Afrikaner Yidisher 7. Der in S.A. Jewish 25 of PAGE 101: theatre at the 1930-1947. 1. Rose Mow private collection. 2. M. Shain et al. back, p. 22-23. 3. Rochel Turok album. 4. Yiddish Theatre Collection. 5. collection. 6. collection. 7. collection.

PAGE 117: A Short lived 1. Tzelniker &University Bertha 2. 3. fun a Yidishn artist', Dorem 4. Max Perlman & 5. Niusia Jewish theatre and theatre 6. & Max Photo Eli 7. fun Yankev

8. der Milkhiker, 1954, Yankev Mansdorf in zayn dor, 19-?

PAGE 118: A Short lived 1947-1960: Town 1. Kretzmar & Turok in Riverside Drive, 1951, Turok album. 2. Der Rochel Turok album. 3. Town Jewish Dramatic Yankev Mansdorfin zayn dor, 19-?