PROFESSOR DAME JULIA HIGGINSDBE Freng
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PROFESSOR DAME JULIA HIGGINS DBE FREng FRS FEATUREPROFILE PROLIFIC PROFESSOR PROFESSOR DAME JULIA HIGGINS DBE FREng FRS Dame Julia Higgins’s career has taken her to the top of her profession as a researcher and as a leader of the profession in policy circles. In recent years she has used her position to campaign for more women to rise to the top as engineers and scientists. Michael Kenward talks to her about her career and plans for promoting science, engineering and womens’ role in the profession. Dame Julia Higgins in her office at Imperial College London © Tom Whipps Scientist or engineer? Dame OVERLAPPING engineering department, I don't PRIORITISING It is no wonder then, that in his 1999 by the UK higher education Dame Julia calls “the whingeing Julia Higgins considers this actually think like other scientists anniversary address to the Royal funding councils, Universities UK brigade”. “The best thing that I question carefully before DISCIPLINES do. I have gone native!” So much PROJECTS Society last year, Lord Rees, and the Office of Science and could do for women in science Bear in mind this is someone answering. Not just because it Boundaries began to fall for so that for the final year before President of the RS, said of Dame Technology, this initiative aims to was to be one, and to be who says that she thinks long came from Ingenia, but because Dame Julia when she chose to she retired in September – in Julia’s workload, “I don't know increase the number of women successful.” and hard before agreeing to take Dame Julia’s career has blurred work on polymers. Like name at least – Dame Julia was how she manages it”. The recruited to top posts in science, on any new task. Among other the boundaries between these materials research in general, Principal of the Faculty of answer, she says, is “by very tight engineering and technology. polymer science is a flexible high profile appointments, she time management. Sometimes Fighting for the position of IN AT THE BEGINNING two cultures. After all, she was Engineering at Imperial College. Dame Julia’s choice of research subject when it comes to already chaired the Engineering with difficulty. I try to take on women in engineering and the first woman to become She had previously tried to area may have helped to finding a home in a university. and Physical Sciences Research things that I really want to do, science was actually a late move both a Fellow of the Royal avoid this job but when it overcome gender boundaries. Sometimes science, sometimes Council (EPSRC) and was the which means that you don't for Dame Julia. “I never did Society and of The Royal became unexpectedly vacant in She was an early expert in a engineering, materials is the Foreign Secretary at the Royal resent having to do it.” campaign for most of my career,” Academy of Engineering. 2006, Imperial wanted time relatively new area of research, quintessential interdisciplinary Society (RS). she says, “I just thought it was a However, as head of one of the before appointing a permanent polymer science, and a brand domain. This latter role was enough pity that there weren’t more of UK’s leading academic replacement. With a year to go new technique, the use of Dame Julia admits though work in itself, with the inevitable THROUGH THE GLASS us.” engineering faculties, at before Dame Julia officially neutron scattering to study the that “fundamentally I am need for foreign travel, not to CEILING Dame Julia preferred a Imperial College, her colleagues retired, and urged to take on the structure of polymers. The few probably a materials scientist”. mention the RS’s decision to This was why Dame Julia Higgins personal approach to the issue clearly see her as being firmly in job by her colleagues, she people around who knew much But, Dame Julia adds quickly, build up its own international accepted the invitation to chair on women in engineering and the engineering camp. abandoned her earlier reluctance. about neutron scattering for “after 30 years in a chemical capability. the Athena Project. Set up in science, rather than joining what polymer science found 52 INGENIA ISSUE 32 SEPTEMBER 2007 INGENIA ISSUE 32 SEPTEMBER 2007 53 PROFESSOR DAME JULIA HIGGINS DBE FREng FRS PROFILE is an enormous difference.” says, helped to persuade other responsibility of being a nuclear weapons. “If Einstein There are, though, still things to organisations to take the issue scientist”, a theme that she first had not written those letters on be done for women in more seriously and to put some started to explore as President of behalf of the nuclear scientists, engineering and science, effort into raising the profile of the British Association for the pointing out what was likely to especially at those senior levels, women in research. The Advancement of Science. This happen, that would have been which is how Dame Julia began to enterprise started with a grant has developed into thinking irresponsible.” be actively involved in the wider of £250,000 from the Higher more broadly about the cause of women in science and Education Funding Council for relationships between scientists engineering in the 1990s. Partly, it England (HEFCE). The amount and engineers, and society. ON THE FRONT LINE This is not how every researcher seems, because being a role seemed enormous to those Some of the problems, says sees the issue. Dame Julia talks model for others to follow was not involved but it was small beer Dame Julia, are down to scientists of her surprise at how long it enough. “I had always assumed for HEFCE, probably the smallest themselves. “Scientists and took a meeting of biologists to that if I looked over my shoulder sum that it could give to engineers have not been very realise that they just might there would be more following up anyone. good at interacting with the possibly have something to say, behind, but there weren’t that HEFCE certainly could not public in a non-paternalistic way.” and a part to play, in influencing many. So I thought I had better spend the money as Athena did, It does not help that some the development, or otherwise, get involved.” in small parcels that could do researchers think that they just of biological weapons. The It was time for Dame Julia some good in the universities. create new knowledge that academics saw themselves as Dame Julia speaking at the Athena Conference with a group of vice chancellors and pro-vice chancellors in February 2002 Higgins to use her own senior “We gave it out as projects, society can then use as it sees fit. completely removed from it, she position for the benefit of those grants or prizes of £10,000, it “I just don’t believe that. Every says with some disbelief. “If themselves in demand from who were following her up the wasn’t so much the money as scientist is also a member of While there are still problems facing women nothing else,”she says, “they are some influential scientists. career ladder. “If you do this when the ‘kite mark’ that universities society. If you are a member of the people who are training the By coincidence, among the you are already professor, dean and got, and having David Sainsbury society with specialist in science and engineering, a lot has students who will go and make people keen to learn about the possibly FREng or FRS you have got give it to them.” knowledge then surely it is your biological weapons. If you can changed for the better during Dame Julia’s technique were two leading a fair amount of clout. I could go responsibility to see that it is train them with the right lights of the scientific and see any senior person and say properly used.” career. “When I became professor here at attitudes, maybe they won’t.” community who also chaired ‘this isn’t working right’.” PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT Dame Julia illustrates her As well as the role of women in Dame Julia does not reserve EPSRC in one of its incarnations point with a lesson from history, Imperial, I was only one of a few women to science, Dame Julia has used her her frustration for blinkered before Dame Julia took on the the famous letters from Albert position as ‘grande dame of scientists. She has worries about do so. There are now 40 or 50.” role – Professor Sir Sam Edwards ATHENA PROJECT Einstein to President Roosevelt The Athena Project, which science’, as one newspaper engineers, not least because, she and Professor Sir Geoff Allen. (in 1939 and 1940), warning him brought together the Academy dubbed her, to talk about “the feels, they are poor As Dame Julia says, “because that Germany might develop and the Royal Society, was an I was using this interesting opportunity to do something technique they got to know me about this. “It involved senior very quickly and they were women and the senior women hugely supportive.”This, she deliberately involved the senior adds was a very positive people at universities. experience and one where “If we organised meetings we being a woman helped. “I have had very senior people there.” always said that, as a woman, if Which is how people like Lord ACHIEVEMENTS you are half-way competent you May and Sir David King ended up Education University of Oxford, BA and DPhil. Her research career has focused on the application of had a huge advantage in that at events. “They were there to they all remember you.” scattering techniques, notably neutron scattering, to the understanding of polymer behaviour.