DOCSLIB.ORG

Biochemistry of Rubisco……………

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biochemistry of Rubisco…………… Departament de Biologia Facultat de Ciències Ecophysiological traits and their responses to drought in species from the Balearic Islands with different growth forms PhD Thesis Jeroni Galmés Galmés BSc. Biological Sciences (University of the Balearic Islands) Mallorca, 2006 Supervisor: Dr. Jaume Flexas Sans Jo, Dr. JAUME FLEXAS SANS, Professor Titular d’Escola Universitària de la Facultat de Ciències de la Universitat de les Illes Balears, CERTIFICO: Que Jeroni Galmés Galmés ha realitzat sota la meva direcció, en el Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, de la Facultat de Ciències de la Universitat de les Illes Balears, el treball que, per optar al grau de Doctor en Ciències (Biologia), presenta amb el títol: “Ecophysiological traits and their responses to drought in species from the Balearic Islands with different growth forms” Considerant finalitzada la present memòria, autoritzo la seva presentació per a que pugui ésser jutjada pel tribunal corresponent. Per a que així consti, signo el present certificat a Palma, el 19 de gener de 2006. Jaume Flexas Sans L’EXTENSIÓ DE TERRA QUE CONTEMPLES PREN-LA COM UN REFLEX DE TU MATEIX, VULGUES CONFONDRE’T AMB ELS SEUS EXEMPLES, LA TERRA I TU BLEIXEU EN UN SOL BLEIX (RAMON LLULL) Acknowledgements AGRAÏMENTS – ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Al llarg dels anys dedicats a la realització d’aquesta tesi han estat moltes les persones que de qualque manera m’han ajudat per a que aquest treball es pogués dur a terme. Amb tots ells estic en deute per la seva dedicació. En primer lloc a tots els membres del grup investigador en el qual he desenvolupat la meva tasca com a estudiant de doctorat, i que han col·laborat en la realització del treball experimental, en la redacció de les publicacions associades o simplement en crear un bon ambient de treball, gràcies a la seva agradable companyia. Sempre han estat allà quan se’ls ha demanat una mà. A na Josefina Bota li vull agrair la seva ajuda en la posada a punt d’algunes de les tècniques desenvolupades. A U Pep Cifre per ajudar-me en l’anàlisi estadística i per confiar en mi en molts altres aspectes. A en Miquel Ribas, per ajudar-me en les mil qüestions tècniques que m’anaven sorgint en el dia a dia. En Xavi Gulías me va introduir en l’ús del Li-Cor 6400 i me va transmetre tot el seu interès i sabre sobre plantes mediterrànies. A en Maurici Mus i en Miquel Àngel Conesa els agreisc el seu inestimable suport tècnic sobre temes botànics. A n’Hipólito Medrano, l’amo, perquè ara ja fa un temps me va introduir aquest cuquet de la investigació. També per confiar en mi, acollint-me al seu grup d’investigació i fent possible la realització d’aquest projecte i pels seus inestimables consells científics. També a la resta companys i companyes de laboratori i de can bum amb els que he coincidit: na Maite, en Diego, na Cecilia, na Magdalena, n’Alícia, en Pepe, na Belen, en Toni, na Conchi, en Jeroni, na Margalida, així com a la resta de professors i investigadors de l’àrea: na Cata i en John, en Jaume Vadell i en Toni Bennàssar. Gràcies pel vostre bon rollo i companyia diària, que sense cap dubte ha fet que tota la feina sigui molt més bona de dur. El meu agraïment més especial per un autèntic crack de la fisiologia vegetal, en Jaume Flexas, director d’aquesta tesi doctoral. La seva ja enorme experiència, coneixements i capacitat resolutiva per a tot, trivialitzant tots els problemes que anaven sorgint, ha resultat vital en tot moment per a la realització i anàlisi del treball dut a terme arrel de les investigacions. i Acknowledgements I would also like to acknowledge Martin Parry’s research group for allowing me to undertake part of this project at the Rothamsted Experimental Station, in Harpenden. Fiona Gilzean made possible the growth and survival of Mediterranean species in England. Pippa Madgwick and Richard Haslam supervised experiments on molecular biology. John Andraloj helped in technical questions in British labs. With my deepest admiration I would also like to share part of this work with someone very special to me, an extraordinary person and a great scientist, Alfred Keys. Although from a distance, Alf has been by my side, supporting and advising me when troubles in the lab became bigger. All you, together with unforgettable friends from the Manor, made funnier my stages in the cloudy and cold English winters, far away from the ‘Thistlefield’. Al llarg d’aquests anys també han estat moltes les persones que, a part de la UIB i de la Rothamsted Experimental Station, m’han ajudat en la meva formació com a investigador. El grup de na Monona Abadía i en Fermín Morales, de l’Aula Dei de Saragossa, el grup de n’Albert Mas, de la Universitat Rovira i Virgili de Tarragona, i el grup d’Andrea Schubert i Claudio Lovisolo de la Università di Torino. Al Jardí Botànic de Sóller li vull agrair el subministrament de material vegetal. Altra part del material fou donat de manera desinteressada per la Fundació CIPRES del Consell Insular de Mallorca. Per acabar també m’agradaria mostrar la meva admiració a unes quantes persones per la seva tasca no docent ni investigadora. A tots els amics del poble (l’he d’anomenar, Sant Llorenç des Cardassar), autèntics catedràtics del temps lliure, perquè sense ser-ne conscients, entre cerveses, sopars, marxes i sobretot rialles, m’heu sabut desconnectar de tots els mals de cap que duia de Ciutat. A n’Eva no li puc agrair res en concret... sinó que estratègicament col·locada aquí entre línies, ben bé pot fer seus els agraïments anteriors i els que vénen a continuació. I per acabar, i encara que mai seria prou, voldria expressar tota la meva gratitud i admiració a la meva família, i especialment als meus pares, Jeroni i Antònia, que encara que no hagin entès massa bé que és això d’un doctorat, sempre han estat allà, recolzant, mostrant interès, aconsellant, donant coratge i, sobretot, mostrant-se orgullosos del que el seu fill estava fent. ii Symbols and Abbreviations List SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS LIST α leaf absorptance A anteraxanthin ABA abscisic acid AG gross CO2 assimilation rate AN net CO2 assimilation rate ASAT light- and CO2- saturated photosynthesis ATP adenosine triphosphate β fraction of absorbed light that reaches photosystem II B plant dry matter BL biochemical limitations to photosynthesis C CO2 mole fraction Ca atmospheric CO2 concentration Cc chloroplastic CO2 concentration cDNA complementary deoxyribonucleic acid Chl chlorophyll Ci sub-stomatal CO2 concentration CTAB cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide ∆F/Fm’ operating quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry ∆G‡ free energy of activation ‡ ∆Gc carboxylation free energy of activation ‡ ∆Go oxygenation free energy of activation D seed dormancy period DIECA diethyldithiocarbamate DL diffusive limitations to photosynthesis DNA deoxyribonucleic acid dNTP deoxynucleotide triphosphate DPS xanthophylls de-epoxidation state DPSMD midday xanthophylls de-epoxidation state DPSPD predawn xanthophylls de-epoxidation state DTT dithiothreitol ε leaf volumetric elastic modulus E leaf transpiration rate EDTA ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid EGTA ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid ES evergreen shrubs ESS evergreen semi-shrubs ETR electron transport rate φCO2 apparent quantum efficiency of CO2 fixation Fm maximum fluorescence in the dark-adapted state Fm’ maximum fluorescence in the light-adapted state Fo basal fluorescence of a dark adapted leaf Fs steady-state fluorescence emission Fv/Fm maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry Γ CO2 compensation point iii Symbols and Abbreviations List Γ* CO2 compensation point in the absence of mitochondrial respiration G cumulative seed germination gi internal (mesophyll) conductance GRC growth response coefficient gs stomatal conductance gsc stomatal conductance to CO2 gsw stomatal conductance to H2O HEPES hydroxyethyl piperazinyl ethasulfonic acid Jmax electron transport driving regeneration of RuBP Kc Michaelis constant for the carboxylase activity of Rubisco kc rate constant for carboxylation activity of Rubisco cat kc reaction turnover rate for carboxylation activity of Rubisco KL leaf-specific hydraulic conductance Ko Michaelis constant for the oxygenation activity of Rubisco ko rate constant for the oxygenase activity of Rubisco L Rubisco large subunits LA leaf area LAR leaf area ratio LDM leaf dry matter LMR leaf mass ratio MCL mesophyll limitations to photosynthesis NAR net assimilation rate NARp partial net assimilation rate NARt total net assimilation rate NPQ Stern-Volmer non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence NSL non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis O O2 mole fraction PAR photosynthetically active radiation PCR polymerase chain reaction PEG polyethylene glycol PGA phosphoglycerate PH perennial herbs PMSF phenylmethylsulphonylfluoride PPFD photosynthetic photon flux density Pr photorespiration rate PSI photosystem I PSII photosystem II PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone rbcL Rubisco large subunits encoding genes rbcS Rubisco small subunits encoding genes RD rate of mitochondrial respiration in the dark RDM root dry matter RGR relative growth rate RGRp partial relative growth rate RGRt total relative growth rate RL rate of mitochondrial respiration in the light RMR root mass ratio RNA ribonucleic acid RT reverse transcription reaction Rubisco ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase iv Symbols and Abbreviations List RuBP ribulose-1,5-biphosphate RWC relative water content RWCMD midday relative water content RWCPD pre-dawn relative water content RWC0 relative water content at zero turgor
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Summary of Offerings in the PBS Bulb Exchange, Dec 2012- Nov 2019
    Summary of offerings in the PBS Bulb Exchange, Dec 2012- Nov 2019 3841 Number of items in BX 301 thru BX 463 1815 Number of unique text strings used as taxa 990 Taxa offered as bulbs 1056 Taxa offered as seeds 308 Number of genera This does not include the SXs. Top 20 Most Oft Listed: BULBS Times listed SEEDS Times listed Oxalis obtusa 53 Zephyranthes primulina 20 Oxalis flava 36 Rhodophiala bifida 14 Oxalis hirta 25 Habranthus tubispathus 13 Oxalis bowiei 22 Moraea villosa 13 Ferraria crispa 20 Veltheimia bracteata 13 Oxalis sp. 20 Clivia miniata 12 Oxalis purpurea 18 Zephyranthes drummondii 12 Lachenalia mutabilis 17 Zephyranthes reginae 11 Moraea sp. 17 Amaryllis belladonna 10 Amaryllis belladonna 14 Calochortus venustus 10 Oxalis luteola 14 Zephyranthes fosteri 10 Albuca sp. 13 Calochortus luteus 9 Moraea villosa 13 Crinum bulbispermum 9 Oxalis caprina 13 Habranthus robustus 9 Oxalis imbricata 12 Haemanthus albiflos 9 Oxalis namaquana 12 Nerine bowdenii 9 Oxalis engleriana 11 Cyclamen graecum 8 Oxalis melanosticta 'Ken Aslet'11 Fritillaria affinis 8 Moraea ciliata 10 Habranthus brachyandrus 8 Oxalis commutata 10 Zephyranthes 'Pink Beauty' 8 Summary of offerings in the PBS Bulb Exchange, Dec 2012- Nov 2019 Most taxa specify to species level. 34 taxa were listed as Genus sp. for bulbs 23 taxa were listed as Genus sp. for seeds 141 taxa were listed with quoted 'Variety' Top 20 Most often listed Genera BULBS SEEDS Genus N items BXs Genus N items BXs Oxalis 450 64 Zephyranthes 202 35 Lachenalia 125 47 Calochortus 94 15 Moraea 99 31 Moraea
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity of the Macaw Palm Ex Situ Germplasm Collection Revealed by Microsatellite Markers
    diversity Article Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity of the Macaw Palm Ex Situ Germplasm Collection Revealed by Microsatellite Markers Fekadu G. Mengistu 1,*, Sérgio Y. Motoike 2 and Cosme D. Cruz 3 1 Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center (KARC), Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), P.O.Box 489, Asella, Ethiopia 2 Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +251-0968-23-55-27; Fax: +251-022-331-1508 Academic Editor: Mario A. Pagnotta Received: 29 June 2016; Accepted: 9 October 2016; Published: 13 October 2016 Abstract: Macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata) is native to tropical forests in South America and highly abundant in Brazil. It is cited as a highly productive oleaginous palm tree presenting high potential for biodiesel production. The aim of this work was to characterize and study the genetic diversity of A. aculeata ex situ collections from different geographical states in Brazil using microsatellite (Simple Sequence Repeats, SSR) markers. A total of 192 accessions from 10 provenances were analyzed with 10 SSR, and variations were detected in allelic diversity, polymorphism, and heterozygosity in the collections. Three major groups of accessions were formed using PCoA—principal coordinate analysis, UPGMA—unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean, and Tocher. The Mantel test revealed a weak correlation (r = 0.07) between genetic and geographic distances among the provenances reaffirming the result of the grouping.
    [Show full text]
  • List of 735 Prioritised Plant Taxa of CARE-MEDIFLORA Project
    List of 735 prioritised plant taxa of CARE-MEDIFLORA project In situ and/or ex situ conservation actions were implemented during CARE-MEDIFLORA for 436 of the prioritised plant taxa. Island(s) of occurrence: Balearic Islands (Ba), Corsica (Co), Sardinia (Sa), Sicily (Si), Crete (Cr), Cyprus (Cy) Occurrence: P = present; A = alien (not native to a specific island); D = doubtful presence Distribution type: ENE = Extremely Narrow Endemic (only one population) NE = Narrow Endemic (≤ five populations) RE = Regional Endemic (only one Island) IE = Insular Endemic (more than one island) W = distributed in more islands or in a wider area. Distribution type defines the "regional responsibility" of an Island on a plant species. Criteria: Red Lists (RL): plant species selected is included in the red list (the plant should be EN, CR or VU in order to justify a conservation action); Regional Responsibility (RR): plant species selected plays a key role for the island; the "regional responsibility" criterion is the first order of priority at local level, because it establishes a high priority to plants whose distribution is endemic to the study area (an island in our specific case). Habitats Directive (HD): plant species selected is listed in the Annexes II and V of the Habitat Directive. Wetland plant (WP): plant species selected is a wetland species or grows in wetland habitat. Island(s) where Distribution Island(s) where Taxon (local checklists) Island(s) of occurrence conservation action(s) type taxon prioritised were implemented Ba Co Sa Si Cr Cy RL RR HD WP Ex situ In situ Acer granatense Boiss. P W 1 Ba Ba Acer obtusatum Willd.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitro Propagation of Digitalis Trojana Ivanina., an Endemic Medicinal Plant of Turkey Nurşen Çördük and Cüneyt Aki
    Chapter In Vitro Propagation of Digitalis trojana Ivanina., an Endemic Medicinal Plant of Turkey Nurşen Çördük and Cüneyt Aki Abstract Digitalis trojana Ivanina is a member of the Plantaginaceae family and known by its common name, Helen of Troy foxglove. It is perennial endemic to Çanakkale and Balıkesir, northwestern Turkey. In order to develop an efficient shoot regen- eration protocol, the leaf explants of D. trojana were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6-benzyl adenine (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 mg/L) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L), 3% (w/v) sucrose and 0.8% (w/v) agar. The highest number of regenerated shoots was obtained from leaf explants that were cultured on MS medium with 3.0 mg/L BA+0.1 mg/L NAA. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium without plant growth regulators. Rooted plants (2–3 cm) were separately transferred to pots containing a mixture of peat and perlite (2:1 v/v) and acclimatized successfully in a growth chamber. Keywords: endemic, foxglove, in vitro, propagation, regeneration 1. Introduction Turkey has a rich biodiversity as a result of its location, its geological struc- ture and different climatic zones. Turkey hosts three biogeographical regions: Mediterranean, Euro-Siberian and Irano-Turanian. As a result of located on the meeting point of these three different regions, Turkey is one of the most important areas in the world in terms of biological diversity. It is one of the world’s richest countries with regard to diversity of plant species, hosting 167 families, 1320 genera and 9996 species [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Journal1.Pdf
    THE Mediterranean Garden No. 1 Summer 1995 THE MEDITERRANEAN GARDEN THE MEDITERRANEAN GARDEN A journal for gardeners in all the mediterranean climate regions of the world Published by the Mediterranean Garden Society, PO Box 14, Peania GR-19002, Greece. www.MediterraneanGardenSociety.org i Editor Derek Toms Caroline Harbouri Translations Caroline Harbouri Anna Saiti Graziella Seferiades Text illustrations Derek Toms Cover illustration Papaver rhoeas, ink drawing by Yvonne Linardos We should like to thank Heidi Gildemeister, Joanna Millar, Sandy Pratt and Megan Toms for providing material for illustrations. Special thanks too to Ida Mordoh for guiding us through the labyrinth of publishing. Printed on recycled paper. * * * The Mediterranean Garden Society is a non-profit-making association which acts as a forum for everyone who has a special interest in the plants and gardens of the region. For details, please contact The Secretary, MGS, PO Box 14, Peania, GR-19002 Greece. Phototypeset in Greece by Eikonotypo Elia Eliou 64 & Koutsonika 5 Neos Kosmos 117 44 Athens Copyright of all articles remains with the authors. Views expressed by contribu- tors are not necessarily those of the editors or of the Mediterranean Garden Society. ii CONTENTS Meditorial 1 A Native Mediterranean Garden Heidi Gildemeister 4 Second Home Gardening in the Mediterranean Margaret Likierman 10 Plants That Stand on Their Heads Joanna Millar 18 Acacias Jeff Irons 23 In Search of the Peonies of Greece Gian Lupo Osti 28 Palms in Greece Panayotis Marselos 32 Acclimatisation Problems Piero Caneti 38 The Garden in Antiquity Yvonne Linardos 41 A Mediterranean Plant Finder Heidi Gildemeister 45 Tortoise Gardens Caroline Harbouri 48 The Garden in Summer 52 Books 56 Getting in Touch 57 Letters 58 iii Salvia officinalis iv MEDITORIAL This time last year the MGS was little more than a constitution sitting on the lawyer’s desk.
    [Show full text]
  • The Foxgloves (Digitalis) Revisited*
    Reviews The Foxgloves (Digitalis) Revisited* Author Wolfgang Kreis Affiliation Supporting information available online at Lehrstuhl Pharmazeutische Biologie, Department Biology, http://www.thieme-connect.de/products FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany ABSTRACT Key words Digitalis, Plantaginaceae, cardiac glycosides, plant biotech- This review provides a renewed look at the genus Digitalis. nology, biosynthesis, plant tissue culture, phylogeny Emphasis will be put on those issues that attracted the most attention or even went through paradigmatic changes since received March 17, 2017 the turn of the millennium. PubMed and Google Scholar were “ ” “ ” revised April 27, 2017 used ( Digitalis and Foxglove were the key words) to iden- accepted May 8, 2017 tify research from 2000 till 2017 containing data relevant enough to be presented here. Intriguing new results emerged Bibliography from studies related to the phylogeny and taxonomy of the DOI https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-111240 genus as well as to the biosynthesis and potential medicinal Published online May 23, 2017 | Planta Med 2017; 83: 962– uses of the key active compounds, the cardiac glycosides. 976 © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York | Several Eastern and Western Foxgloves were studied with re- ISSN 0032‑0943 spect to their propagation in vitro. In this context, molecular biology tools were applied and phytochemical analyses were Correspondence conducted. Structure elucidation and analytical methods, Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Kreis which have experienced less exciting progress, will not be Department Biology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg considered here in great detail. Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Phone:+4991318528241,Fax:+4991318528243 [email protected] Taxus species is a prime example [4].
    [Show full text]
  • Indicationes Climatices Et Geographie
    PL CZ UA BRATISLAVA A H BOTANICKÁ ZÁHRADA UNIVERZITY KOMENSKÉHO Botanická 3 841 04 BRATISLAVA S L O V A K I A INDICATIONES CLIMATICES ET GEOGRAPHIE Positio geographica horti botanici: Latitudo geographica 48°09' Longitudo geographica 17°06' Altitudo super mare 145 m Indicationes climatices: (pro 51 annis 1940 – 1990) Mensibus I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII media annua Temperatura oC -1,3 1,0 5,4 10,9 15,7 18,9 20,7 20,1 16,3 10,6 5,0 1,1 10,4 Praecipitatio mm 45 44 40 42 57 63 62 58 37 47 59 51 605 1 2 SEMINA E PLANTIS IN CALDARIIS ET IN HORTO BOTANICO CULTARUM Actinidiaceae 1 Actinidia arguta (Sieb. & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. 2 Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. deliciosa (A. Chev.) A. Chev. Adoxaceae 3 Sambucus caerulea Raf. 4 Viburnum burejaeticum Regel & Herd. 5 Viburnum lantana L. 6 Viburnum opulus L. subsp. calvescens (Rehd.) Sugim. 7 Viburnum rhytidophyllum Hemsl. ex Forb. & Hemsl. 8 Viburnum tinus L. Alangiaceae 9 Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms subsp. pauciflorum W. P. Fang Alliaceae 10 * Allium angulosum L. 2.1 11 Allium cyaneum Regel 12 Allium cyathophorum Bureau & Franch. 13 Allium obliguum L. Altingiaceae 14 Liquidambar formosana Hance 15 Liquidambar orientalis Mill. Anacardiaceae 16 Rhus potaninii Maxim. 17 Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stoke) F. A. Barkley Apiaceae 18 * Apium repens (Jacq.) Lag. 2.2 Aquifoliaceae 19 Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton 20 Ilex pernyi Franch. Araliaceae 21 Aralia chinensis Blume Asparagaceae 22 Asparagus aphyllus L. 23 Danae racemosa (L.) Moench 24 Ruscus aculeatus L.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Flowering Phenology and Synchrony on the Reproductive
    Research Article SPECIAL ISSUE: Using Non-Model Systems to Explore Plant–Pollinator and Plant–Herbivore Interactions Effects of flowering phenology and synchrony on the reproductive success of a long-flowering shrub Downloaded from Javier Rodrı´guez-Pe´rez1,2* and Anna Traveset1,2 1 Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avanc¸ats – IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Miquel Marque´s, 21, E07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain 2 Present address: Aranzadi Sciences Society, Zorroagagaina 11, E20014 Donostia-San Sebastia´n, Spain http://aobpla.oxfordjournals.org/ Received: 30 October 2014; Accepted: 21 January 2016; Published: 2 February 2016 Guest Editor: Rupesh Kariyat Citation: Rodrı´guez-Pe´rez J, Traveset A. 2016. Effects of flowering phenology and synchrony on the reproductive success of a long-flowering shrub. AoB PLANTS 8: plw007; doi:10.1093/aobpla/plw007 Abstract. Flowering phenology and synchrony with biotic and abiotic resources are crucial traits determining the reproductive success in insect-pollinated plants. In seasonal climates, plants flowering for long periods should assure reproductive success when resources are more predictable. In this work, we evaluated the relationship between flowering phenology and synchrony and reproductive success in Hypericum balearicum, a shrub flowering at Universitat Illes Balears on March 16, 2016 all year round but mainly during spring and summer. We studied two contrasting localities (differing mostly in rain- fall) during 3 years, and at different biological scales spanning from localities to individual flowers and fruits. We first monitored (monthly) flowering phenology and reproductive success (fruit and seed set) of plants, and assessed whether in the locality with higher rainfall plants had longer flowering phenology and synchrony and relatively higher reproductive success within or outside the flowering peak.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Anti-Inflammatory Constituents in Hypericum Species and Unveiling the Underlying Mechanism in LPS-Stimulated M
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2011 Identification of anti-inflammatory constituents in Hypericum species and unveiling the underlying mechanism in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages and H1N1 influenza virus infected BALB/c mouse Nan Huang Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Nutrition Commons Recommended Citation Huang, Nan, "Identification of anti-inflammatory constituents in Hypericum species and unveiling the underlying mechanism in LPS- stimulated mouse macrophages and H1N1 influenza virus infected BALB/c mouse" (2011). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 12234. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/12234 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Identification of anti-inflammatory constituents in Hypericum species and unveiling the underlying mechanism in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages and H1N1 influenza virus infected BALB/c mouse by Nan Huang A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES Program of Study Committee: Diane Birt, Major Professor Suzanne Hendrich Marian Kohut Peng Liu Matthew Rowling Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2011 Copyright © Nan Huang, 2011. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi ABBREVIATIONS vii ABSTRACT x CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 General introduction 1 Dissertation organization 5 List of references 6 CHAPTER 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Balearic Vegetation
    Plant Formations in the Balearic BioProvince Peter Martin Rhind Balearic Evergreen Oak Forests Like much of the Mediterranean, the natural plant formation, is evergreen oak forest dominated by Quercus ilex (holm oak) although today Pinus halepensis (aleppo pine) is probably the most common tree on the islands. Other tree species include Arbutus unedo strawberry tree, while the shrub layer comprises Asparagus acutifolius, Daphne gnidium (Mediterranean mezereon), Erica arborea (tree heather), Phillyrea latifolia and the near endemic Rhamnus ludovici-salvatoris (Rhamnaceae). The ground layer includes another species, Cyclamen balearicum (Myrsinaceae), that was originally thought to be endemic, but this species has since been recorded in the south of France. Balearic Olive Woods The dominant tree here is Olea europaea var. silvestris (wild olive) and Ceratonia silique (carob). Typical shrubs include Cneorum tricoccon, Euphorbia dendroides (tree spurge), Ephedra fragilis (joint-pine) and Chamaerops humulis (dwarf fan palm) may also be present. Ground layer species typically include Arum pictum, Asparagus albus and A. stipularis. Balearic Rosemary Garrigue The main shrubs in this formation include Rosmarius officinalis (rosemary) and Erica multiflora. Rosemary can be found from sea level to the top of the highest mountain, but the endemic variety palaui is confined to the mountains. Other important shrubs include Anthyllus cytisoides, Globularia alypum, Lavendula dentata and the endemic Genista lucida (Fabaceae). Characteristic herbaceous species include Gladiolus illyricus and various ‘insect’ orchids such as Ophrys tenthredinifera sawfly orchid and O. bombylifera bumblebee orchid. Endemics include Smilax aspera var. balearica (Liliaceae). Balearic Mountain Garrigue Most Balearic endemics occur in this zone. The endemic shrubs Hypericum balearicum (Hypericaceae) or Teucrium subspinosum (Lamiaceae) are two of the most conspicuous species.
    [Show full text]
  • Munibe Monographs. Nature Series, 4 Le Programme Partenarial Espagne-France- Uzten Dituzte Agerian
    Liburu honetan, Botanika Piriniotar- Sarrera - Introducción - Introduction. Kantabriarraren XI. Nazioarteko Biltzarrean Iñaki Aizpuru. Batzorde zientifikoa/Comité científico/ Comité scientifique aurkeztutako lanak biltzen dira, zeina Bertizko Jaurerria Natur Parkean (Nafarroa) Treinta años de estudios botánicos pirenaico- cantábricos. Fundamento, situación y egin baitzen. Lan guztiek azken urteetan perspectivas. Luis Villar mendikate honetan egindako ikerketak Munibe Monographs. Nature Series, 4 Le programme partenarial Espagne-France- uzten dituzte agerian. Biltzarrak, gainera, Andorre FLORAPYR: Maintenir et développer les testuinguru egoki bat eskaini zuen klima- bases de connaissance sur la Flore des Pyrénées et les indicateurs de suivi en lien avec le change- aldaketaren aurrean floraren eta habitaten ment climatique. Gérard Largier (coordination) kontserbazioaren erronkari buru egingo Conservación ex situ de Lilium pyrenaicum Gouan: dioten egitasmo berriak eta elkarlanerako un endemismo pirenaico-cantábrico. Asier Jáñez, zubiak sortzeko. FLORA ETA HABITAT PIRINIAR-KANTABRIARRAK Agustí Agut, José Ignacio García-Plazaola Flora amenazada y vegetación del monte Jaizkibel. ALDAKETA KLIMATIKOAREN ERRONKAREN AURREAN Anaïs Mitxelena, Leire Oreja, Yoana García, Mari Azpiroz Munibe Monographs. Nature Series, 4 Les Atlas de la biodiversité Communale (ABC) dans Este libro recoge los trabajos presentados le Parc national des Pyrénées: premiers résultats sur en el XI. Coloquio Internacional de La flora y los hábitats pirenaico-cantábricos l’amélioration
    [Show full text]
  • Mesophyll Conductance to CO2: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects
    Plant, Cell and Environment (2008) 31, 602–621 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01757.x Mesophyll conductance to CO2: current knowledge and future prospects JAUME FLEXAS1, MIQUEL RIBAS-CARBÓ1, ANTONIO DIAZ-ESPEJO2, JERONI GALMÉS1 & HIPÓLITO MEDRANO1 1Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balears, Spain and 2Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: THE CONCEPT OF MESOPHYLL CONDUCTANCE TO CO2 AND During photosynthesis, CO2 moves from the atmosphere THE EVOLUTION OF ITS PERCEPTION IN (Ca) surrounding the leaf to the sub-stomatal internal cavi- PLANT SCIENCE ties (Ci) through stomata, and from there to the site of carboxylation inside the chloroplast stroma (Cc) through During photosynthesis, CO2 has to move from the atmo- the leaf mesophyll. The latter CO2 diffusion component is sphere surrounding the leaf across a boundary layer in the called mesophyll conductance (gm), and can be divided in air above the foliage surface to the sub-stomatal internal at least three components, that is, conductance through cavities through the stomata (Fig. 1a), and from there to the intercellular air spaces (gias), through cell wall (gw) and site of carboxylation inside the stroma through the leaf through the liquid phase inside cells (gliq). A large body of mesophyll (Fig. 1b). From Fick’s first law of diffusion, evidence has accumulated in the past two decades indicat- the net photosynthetic flux at steady state (AN) can be ing that gm is sufficiently small as to significantly decrease expressed as: AN = gs (Ca - Ci) = gm (Ci - Cc), where gs and Cc relative to Ci, therefore limiting photosynthesis.
    [Show full text]