DOCSLIB.ORG

Gene Der Cardenolid-Biosynthese Aus Digitalis - Und Isoplexis -Spezies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gene Der Cardenolid-Biosynthese Aus Digitalis - Und Isoplexis -Spezies Gene der Cardenolid-Biosynthese aus Digitalis - und Isoplexis -Spezies Den Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultäten der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades vorgelegt von Vanessa Jeannine Herl aus Nürnberg Gene der Cardenolid-Biosynthese aus Digitalis - und Isoplexis -Spezies Den Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultäten der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades vorgelegt von Vanessa Jeannine Herl aus Nürnberg Als Dissertation genehmigt von den Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultäten der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 03.11.2006 Vorsitzender der Promotionskommission: Prof. Dr. D.-P. Häder Erstberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. W. Kreis Zweitberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. W. Hillen Drittberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. B. Dräger Für meine Familie Der Mensch hat dreierlei Wege klug zu handeln: erstens durch Nachdenken, das ist der edelste, zweitens durch Nachahmen, das ist der leichteste, und drittens durch Erfahrung, das ist der bitterste. Konfuzius Danksagung Mein Dank gilt im besonderen Maße meinem Doktorvater, Herrn Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Kreis, der mir die Gelegenheit gab, dieses interessante und spannende Thema bearbeiten zu dürfen. Er verstand es durch seine stete Diskussionsbereitschaft meinen Blick auf das Wesentliche zu fokussieren, Ergebnisse auch kritisch zu hinterfragen und hat auf diese Weise entscheidend zum Gelingen dieser Arbeit beigetragen. Ganz besonders möchte ich mich bei Herrn Dr. Frieder Müller-Uri bedanken, der durch seinen Erfahrungsschatz, seine große Gesprächs- und Diskussionsbereitschaft vor und nach Feierabend, sowie durch seine Geduld und Unterstützung meine Begeisterung für die Forschung geweckt hat. Ein riesiges Dankeschön gilt Frau Gab(r)i(ele) Fischer, die sich für ihre exzellente technische Assistenz, unermüdliche Hilfs- und Diskussionsbereitschaft sowie für ihren unvergleichlichen Sinn für Humor mehr als nur einen „Du-bist-sooo-tapfer-Orden“ verdient hätte. Bei Frau Jördis Frankenstein möchte ich mich im Besonderen für die geduldige Unterstützung an der HPLC, sowie für die von Humor und Improvisationstalent geprägte gemeinsame Kursbetreuungs- und Promotionszeit bedanken. Herrn Prof. Dr. Y. Muller und Frau C. Egerer-Sieber, sowie den Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern des Lehrstuhls für Biotechnik, FAU Erlangen, danke ich für die konstruktive und erfolgreiche Zusammenarbeit bei der Kristallisation rekombinanter Proteine. Weiterhin danke ich Herrn Priv. Doz. Dr. F. Klebl und W. Weber für die Möglichkeit, das Isotopenlabor nutzen zu dürfen, sowie für die Unterstützung bei der Durchführung radioaktiver Experimente. Danken möchte ich auch Herrn Priv. Doz. Dr. V. A. R. Huss für die Generierung der Phylogramme, sowie für seine Diskussions- und Hilfsbereitschaft bei evolutionären Fragestellungen. Bei Herrn Dr. S. Schwab möchte ich mich für die Einarbeitung und Unterstützung an der GC- MS bedanken. Mein Dank gilt auch Herrn Prof. Dr. D. Albach, Universität Mainz, für seine Diskussionsbereitschaft bezüglich der evolutionären Aspekte meiner Arbeit. Ich möchte mich bei allen bedanken, die zur Vervollständigung des verwendeten Pflanzen-, bzw. DNA-Materials der Digitalis - und Isoplexis -Arten beigetragen haben: Frau Prof. Dr. M. Petersen, Herrn Prof. Dr. V. Melzheimer und Frau A. Berim (Universität Marburg); Herrn Prof. Dr. G. Heubl und Herrn C. Bräuchler (Universität München); Herrn Prof. Dr. J. Segura, (Universität Valencia, Spanien); Herrn DR. W. Welß (FAU Erlangen), Herrn Prof. Dr. A. Graner (Genbank Gatersleben) sowie den Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern der Botanischen Gärten in Erlangen und München. Außerdem bedanke ich mich bei allen übrigen sowie ehemaligen Kolleginnen und Kollegen am Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie für die angenehme Arbeitsatmosphäre und das gute Betriebsklima. Mein Dank gilt auch Frau Christina Müller-Uri für die Hilfe beim Beschaffen schwer zugänglicher Literatur und ihre mir entgegengebrachte Gastfreundschaft. Meinen persönlichen Freunden möchte ich für das Interesse am Fortschritt meiner Arbeit, sowie für die Geduld beim Zuhören und Lösen von damit verbundenen Herausforderungen danken. Ein besonderer Dank gilt meinem Vater für sein Interesse am Gelingen dieser Arbeit und seine Anerkennung meiner damit erbrachten Leistung, sowie für seine finanzielle Unterstützung während meiner Studien- und Promotionszeit. Abschließend möchte ich mich besonders bei Michael und meinen Eltern bedanken. Ihre moralische Unterstützung und ihr Glauben an meine Stärken und Fähigkeiten, auch in Momenten und Situationen wenn es kein anderer mehr getan hat, stärkten mir immer den Rücken und haben so einen ganz besonderen Anteil am Gelingen dieser Arbeit. Inhaltsverzeichnis INHALTSVERZEICHNIS I EINLEITUNG .................................................................................................................1 I.1 Die Gattungen Digitalis L. und Isoplexis L. .........................................................1 I.2 Sekundärstoffe in den Gattungen Digitalis und Isoplexis ..................................2 I.2.1 Digitanole, Saponine, Anthracenderivate und Flavonoide ...................................2 I.2.2 Cardenolide ...........................................................................................................4 I.2.2.1 Medizinische Bedeutung..............................................................................4 I.2.2.2 Strukturen der Cardenolide ..........................................................................5 I.3 Die Cardenolid-Biosynthese ..................................................................................7 I.4 Zielsetzung der Arbeit ...........................................................................................11 II MATERIAL UND METHODEN ................................................................................12 II.1 Material .................................................................................................................12 II.1.1 Wasser, DEPC-Wasser ........................................................................................12 II.1.2 Pflanzenmaterial ..................................................................................................12 II.1.3 Lösungen..............................................................................................................13 II.1.3.1 Lösungen für mikrobiologische Arbeiten ...................................................13 II.1.3.2 Lösungen für die Southern-Blot-Analyse ...................................................14 II.1.3.3 Lösungen für die Silberfärbung von Protein-Gelen....................................14 II.1.3.4 Lösungen für die DC-Analytik ...................................................................15 II.1.4 Medien .................................................................................................................15 II.1.5 Puffer ...................................................................................................................16 II.1.5.1 Puffer für molekularbiologische Arbeiten ..................................................16 II.1.5.2 Puffer für proteinchemische Arbeiten.........................................................17 II.1.6 Oligodesoxyribonukleotide (Primer)...................................................................19 II.1.7 Plasmide...............................................................................................................20 II.1.8 Escherichia coli -Stämme.....................................................................................20 II.1.9 Geräte...................................................................................................................20 II.1.10 Chemikalien.......................................................................................................22 II.1.11 Kits und Enzyme................................................................................................24 II.1.12 Verbrauchsmaterialen........................................................................................24 II.2 Methoden...............................................................................................................25 II.2.1 Isolierung genomischer DNA..............................................................................25 I Inhaltsverzeichnis II.2.2 Isolierung von Gesamt-RNA...............................................................................25 II.2.3 Konzentrationsbestimmung von Nukleinsäuren..................................................25 II.2.4 Aufreinigung von mRNA....................................................................................25 II.2.5 cDNA-Synthese...................................................................................................26 II.2.6 PCR/RT-PCR ......................................................................................................27 II.2.7 Trennung und Nachweis von DNA mittels Agarosegelen ..................................27 II.2.8 Isolierung von DNA aus Agarosegelen...............................................................28 II.2.9 Aufreinigung von DNA.......................................................................................28 II.2.10 Subklonierung und Sequenzierung von PCR-Produkten ..................................28 II.2.10.1 Klonierung von PCR-Produkten...............................................................28 II.2.10.2 Isolierung von Plasmid-DNA aus transformierten Bakterienzellen .........29 II.2.10.3 Restriktion
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity of the Macaw Palm Ex Situ Germplasm Collection Revealed by Microsatellite Markers
    diversity Article Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity of the Macaw Palm Ex Situ Germplasm Collection Revealed by Microsatellite Markers Fekadu G. Mengistu 1,*, Sérgio Y. Motoike 2 and Cosme D. Cruz 3 1 Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center (KARC), Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), P.O.Box 489, Asella, Ethiopia 2 Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, Campus, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +251-0968-23-55-27; Fax: +251-022-331-1508 Academic Editor: Mario A. Pagnotta Received: 29 June 2016; Accepted: 9 October 2016; Published: 13 October 2016 Abstract: Macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata) is native to tropical forests in South America and highly abundant in Brazil. It is cited as a highly productive oleaginous palm tree presenting high potential for biodiesel production. The aim of this work was to characterize and study the genetic diversity of A. aculeata ex situ collections from different geographical states in Brazil using microsatellite (Simple Sequence Repeats, SSR) markers. A total of 192 accessions from 10 provenances were analyzed with 10 SSR, and variations were detected in allelic diversity, polymorphism, and heterozygosity in the collections. Three major groups of accessions were formed using PCoA—principal coordinate analysis, UPGMA—unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean, and Tocher. The Mantel test revealed a weak correlation (r = 0.07) between genetic and geographic distances among the provenances reaffirming the result of the grouping.
    [Show full text]
  • List of 735 Prioritised Plant Taxa of CARE-MEDIFLORA Project
    List of 735 prioritised plant taxa of CARE-MEDIFLORA project In situ and/or ex situ conservation actions were implemented during CARE-MEDIFLORA for 436 of the prioritised plant taxa. Island(s) of occurrence: Balearic Islands (Ba), Corsica (Co), Sardinia (Sa), Sicily (Si), Crete (Cr), Cyprus (Cy) Occurrence: P = present; A = alien (not native to a specific island); D = doubtful presence Distribution type: ENE = Extremely Narrow Endemic (only one population) NE = Narrow Endemic (≤ five populations) RE = Regional Endemic (only one Island) IE = Insular Endemic (more than one island) W = distributed in more islands or in a wider area. Distribution type defines the "regional responsibility" of an Island on a plant species. Criteria: Red Lists (RL): plant species selected is included in the red list (the plant should be EN, CR or VU in order to justify a conservation action); Regional Responsibility (RR): plant species selected plays a key role for the island; the "regional responsibility" criterion is the first order of priority at local level, because it establishes a high priority to plants whose distribution is endemic to the study area (an island in our specific case). Habitats Directive (HD): plant species selected is listed in the Annexes II and V of the Habitat Directive. Wetland plant (WP): plant species selected is a wetland species or grows in wetland habitat. Island(s) where Distribution Island(s) where Taxon (local checklists) Island(s) of occurrence conservation action(s) type taxon prioritised were implemented Ba Co Sa Si Cr Cy RL RR HD WP Ex situ In situ Acer granatense Boiss. P W 1 Ba Ba Acer obtusatum Willd.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitro Propagation of Digitalis Trojana Ivanina., an Endemic Medicinal Plant of Turkey Nurşen Çördük and Cüneyt Aki
    Chapter In Vitro Propagation of Digitalis trojana Ivanina., an Endemic Medicinal Plant of Turkey Nurşen Çördük and Cüneyt Aki Abstract Digitalis trojana Ivanina is a member of the Plantaginaceae family and known by its common name, Helen of Troy foxglove. It is perennial endemic to Çanakkale and Balıkesir, northwestern Turkey. In order to develop an efficient shoot regen- eration protocol, the leaf explants of D. trojana were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6-benzyl adenine (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 mg/L) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L), 3% (w/v) sucrose and 0.8% (w/v) agar. The highest number of regenerated shoots was obtained from leaf explants that were cultured on MS medium with 3.0 mg/L BA+0.1 mg/L NAA. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium without plant growth regulators. Rooted plants (2–3 cm) were separately transferred to pots containing a mixture of peat and perlite (2:1 v/v) and acclimatized successfully in a growth chamber. Keywords: endemic, foxglove, in vitro, propagation, regeneration 1. Introduction Turkey has a rich biodiversity as a result of its location, its geological struc- ture and different climatic zones. Turkey hosts three biogeographical regions: Mediterranean, Euro-Siberian and Irano-Turanian. As a result of located on the meeting point of these three different regions, Turkey is one of the most important areas in the world in terms of biological diversity. It is one of the world’s richest countries with regard to diversity of plant species, hosting 167 families, 1320 genera and 9996 species [1].
    [Show full text]
  • The Foxgloves (Digitalis) Revisited*
    Reviews The Foxgloves (Digitalis) Revisited* Author Wolfgang Kreis Affiliation Supporting information available online at Lehrstuhl Pharmazeutische Biologie, Department Biology, http://www.thieme-connect.de/products FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany ABSTRACT Key words Digitalis, Plantaginaceae, cardiac glycosides, plant biotech- This review provides a renewed look at the genus Digitalis. nology, biosynthesis, plant tissue culture, phylogeny Emphasis will be put on those issues that attracted the most attention or even went through paradigmatic changes since received March 17, 2017 the turn of the millennium. PubMed and Google Scholar were “ ” “ ” revised April 27, 2017 used ( Digitalis and Foxglove were the key words) to iden- accepted May 8, 2017 tify research from 2000 till 2017 containing data relevant enough to be presented here. Intriguing new results emerged Bibliography from studies related to the phylogeny and taxonomy of the DOI https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-111240 genus as well as to the biosynthesis and potential medicinal Published online May 23, 2017 | Planta Med 2017; 83: 962– uses of the key active compounds, the cardiac glycosides. 976 © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York | Several Eastern and Western Foxgloves were studied with re- ISSN 0032‑0943 spect to their propagation in vitro. In this context, molecular biology tools were applied and phytochemical analyses were Correspondence conducted. Structure elucidation and analytical methods, Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Kreis which have experienced less exciting progress, will not be Department Biology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg considered here in great detail. Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Phone:+4991318528241,Fax:+4991318528243 [email protected] Taxus species is a prime example [4].
    [Show full text]
  • Isoplexis Canariensis Katie Noren Taxonomy
    Isoplexis canariensis Katie Noren Taxonomy Scientific Name: Isoplexis canariensis (L.) Loudon Synonyms: Callianassa canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel, Digitalis canariensis L., Digitalis lurida Sailsb. Common Name(s): Canary Island Foxglove, Tenerife Shrub Foxglove Family: Veronicaceae ex. Scrophulariaceae Photo: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_sfvS6qSSxkA/TAbDFc- pW_I/AAAAAAAAAwM/NIub45BYGUg/s1600/Digitalis+canariensis.JPG Geographic Distribution & Native Habitat Continent(s): Africa, Europe Country(-ies): Isolated locations in Spain, Sweden, Turkey State(s)/Provence(s)/Region(s): Native to the Canary Islands, specifically Gomera, La Palma, and Tenerife Latitudinal Range(s): 28°N(Canary Is.) to 60°N (Sweden) Altitude: Approx. 4000m above sea level General Climactic Conditions: The canary islands are very high in altitude and the climate there is influenced greatly by the stratocumulus sheet of clouds. The land is mostly a Laurel forest, or laurisilva which is a subtropical forest found in areas of high humidity and mild temperatures. Many of these tree and undergrowth species are endemisms which are not found elsewhere in the world, unless planted and cared for directly. Tendency to naturalize or become invasive: There is no evidence of its invasive nature and would likely not be invasive due to it being an endemism and it having such a distinct natural habitat. Photo: http://euromed.luomus.fi/euromed_map.php?taxon=309832&size=medium Taxonomic Description Overall Plant Habit/Description: 3-4’ high x 3’ wide, clumping and erect shrub with terminal spikes of inflorescences (similar to that of the foxglove) Root System Type: Fibrous Presence/Type of Underground Storage Organs: None Leaves: Dark green linear, lanceolate leaves, alternate on stalk Flower: Apricot to Yellow, on spikes Season of Bloom: Dependent on location: varies from late spring to early autumn.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Variation in the Thermal Tolerances of Plants
    Global variation in the thermal tolerances of plants Lesley T. Lancaster1* and Aelys M. Humphreys2,3 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA (2020) 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-4835 2Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. 3Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2515-6509 * Corresponding author: [email protected] Significance Statement Knowledge of how thermal tolerances are distributed across major clades and biogeographic regions is important for understanding biome formation and climate change responses. However, most research has concentrated on animals, and we lack equivalent knowledge for other organisms. Here we compile global data on heat and cold tolerances of plants, showing that many, but not all, broad-scale patterns known from animals are also true for plants. Importantly, failing to account simultaneously for influences of local environments, and evolutionary and biogeographic histories, can mislead conclusions about underlying drivers. Our study unravels how and why plant cold and heat tolerances vary globally, and highlights that all plants, particularly at mid-to-high latitudes and in their non-hardened state, are vulnerable to ongoing climate change. Abstract Thermal macrophysiology is an established research field that has led to well-described patterns in the global structuring of climate adaptation and risk. However, since it was developed primarily in animals we lack information on how general these patterns are across organisms. This is alarming if we are to understand how thermal tolerances are distributed globally, improve predictions of climate change, and mitigate effects.
    [Show full text]
  • Actinidia Tetramera Rosy Crab-Apple Kiwi
    Top 50 Unusual Plants Unusual or Exotic Plants to add a unique twist to your garden List Curated by Thomas McBride From research data collected and collated at the National Botanic Garden of Wales NB: Butterflies and Moths are not studied at the NBGW so any data on nectar plants beneficial for them is taken from Butterfly Conservation 51 Map Maps depict the native area of the plant (in green) Guide to using these pages: They also show areas the plant is naturalised (in purple) Latin Binomial All maps shown Name are derived from ‘Plants of the Common World Online’; English courtesy of Kew Name Gardens Flowering Period Photograph (this is when it is good of the plant for pollinators!) in flower Plant Family Insect groups known to Growing habit favour the and mature size nectar of this of the plant plant Useful knowledge or warnings about the plant RHS AGM cultivars of this species (or a related species occasionally) i Key to these Pages Warnings Additional information on these garden plants This plant would The flowers only be suitable for and/or leaves meadow-style have a Pleasant Plant tissue is highly planting scent toxic if ingested The plant has edible parts that are Sap may cause irritation Plant is often used in commonly eaten or (Wash hands after touching traditional Herbal Remedies used in cooking or avoid touching) ii Temperature RHS Hardiness Scale Some of the plants listed in our Top 200 are not fully H1a - Above 15ºC hardy in all or some parts of the United Kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • Munibe Monographs. Nature Series, 4 Le Programme Partenarial Espagne-France- Uzten Dituzte Agerian
    Liburu honetan, Botanika Piriniotar- Sarrera - Introducción - Introduction. Kantabriarraren XI. Nazioarteko Biltzarrean Iñaki Aizpuru. Batzorde zientifikoa/Comité científico/ Comité scientifique aurkeztutako lanak biltzen dira, zeina Bertizko Jaurerria Natur Parkean (Nafarroa) Treinta años de estudios botánicos pirenaico- cantábricos. Fundamento, situación y egin baitzen. Lan guztiek azken urteetan perspectivas. Luis Villar mendikate honetan egindako ikerketak Munibe Monographs. Nature Series, 4 Le programme partenarial Espagne-France- uzten dituzte agerian. Biltzarrak, gainera, Andorre FLORAPYR: Maintenir et développer les testuinguru egoki bat eskaini zuen klima- bases de connaissance sur la Flore des Pyrénées et les indicateurs de suivi en lien avec le change- aldaketaren aurrean floraren eta habitaten ment climatique. Gérard Largier (coordination) kontserbazioaren erronkari buru egingo Conservación ex situ de Lilium pyrenaicum Gouan: dioten egitasmo berriak eta elkarlanerako un endemismo pirenaico-cantábrico. Asier Jáñez, zubiak sortzeko. FLORA ETA HABITAT PIRINIAR-KANTABRIARRAK Agustí Agut, José Ignacio García-Plazaola Flora amenazada y vegetación del monte Jaizkibel. ALDAKETA KLIMATIKOAREN ERRONKAREN AURREAN Anaïs Mitxelena, Leire Oreja, Yoana García, Mari Azpiroz Munibe Monographs. Nature Series, 4 Les Atlas de la biodiversité Communale (ABC) dans Este libro recoge los trabajos presentados le Parc national des Pyrénées: premiers résultats sur en el XI. Coloquio Internacional de La flora y los hábitats pirenaico-cantábricos l’amélioration
    [Show full text]
  • Mesophyll Conductance to CO2: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects
    Plant, Cell and Environment (2008) 31, 602–621 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01757.x Mesophyll conductance to CO2: current knowledge and future prospects JAUME FLEXAS1, MIQUEL RIBAS-CARBÓ1, ANTONIO DIAZ-ESPEJO2, JERONI GALMÉS1 & HIPÓLITO MEDRANO1 1Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balears, Spain and 2Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: THE CONCEPT OF MESOPHYLL CONDUCTANCE TO CO2 AND During photosynthesis, CO2 moves from the atmosphere THE EVOLUTION OF ITS PERCEPTION IN (Ca) surrounding the leaf to the sub-stomatal internal cavi- PLANT SCIENCE ties (Ci) through stomata, and from there to the site of carboxylation inside the chloroplast stroma (Cc) through During photosynthesis, CO2 has to move from the atmo- the leaf mesophyll. The latter CO2 diffusion component is sphere surrounding the leaf across a boundary layer in the called mesophyll conductance (gm), and can be divided in air above the foliage surface to the sub-stomatal internal at least three components, that is, conductance through cavities through the stomata (Fig. 1a), and from there to the intercellular air spaces (gias), through cell wall (gw) and site of carboxylation inside the stroma through the leaf through the liquid phase inside cells (gliq). A large body of mesophyll (Fig. 1b). From Fick’s first law of diffusion, evidence has accumulated in the past two decades indicat- the net photosynthetic flux at steady state (AN) can be ing that gm is sufficiently small as to significantly decrease expressed as: AN = gs (Ca - Ci) = gm (Ci - Cc), where gs and Cc relative to Ci, therefore limiting photosynthesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Uncorrected Proof
    Industrial Crops & Products xxx (2018) xxx-xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Industrial Crops & Products journal homepage: www.elsevier.com Efficient direct shoot organogenesis, genetic stability and secondary metabolite production of micropropagated Digitalis purpurea L. Naivy Pérez-Alonsoa⁠ ,⁠ g⁠ ,⁠ 1⁠ , Randel Martínb⁠ , Alina Capotea⁠ , Anabel Péreza⁠ , Elizabeth Kairúz Hernández-Díazb⁠ , Luis Rojasa⁠ , Elio Jiménezc⁠ , Elisa Quialad⁠ , Geert Angenone⁠ , Rolando Garcia-Gonzalesf⁠ , Borys Chong-Péreza⁠ ,⁠ f⁠ ,⁠ ⁎⁠ ,⁠ 1⁠ a Instituto de Biotecnología de las Plantas, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Carretera a Camajuaní km 5,5, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, CP 54830, Cuba b Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carretera a Camajuaní km 5,5, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, CP 54830, Cuba c Florida Crystals Corp, 25550 State Road 880 Atlantic Sugar Mill Rd, Belle Glade, FL 33430, USA d Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIAP Av. Eloy Alfaro N30-350 y Amazonas, Quito, Ecuador PROOF e Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium f Sociedad de Investigación y Servicios BioTECNOS Ltda, Camino a Pangal km 2,5, San Javier, Chile g Botanical Solutions SpA, Ave. Quilin 3550, Santiago de Chile, Chile ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Cardiovascular and cancer diseases are the first causes of death in the world. Digitalis purpurea L. is a medicinal Cardenolides plant that produces secondary metabolites, like digoxin and digitoxin, which are employed in therapies against Direct organogenesis heart failure. Moreover, anticancer and antiviral properties of these metabolites have recently been described. Foxglove The present work details a method to obtain in vitro plants of D.
    [Show full text]
  • New Crop Paper: Isoplexis Canariensis
    Katie Noren New Crop Paper: Isoplexis canariensis Taxonomy Isoplexis canariensis (L.) Loudon is a name that is currently still under debate. Synonyms for this crop include Callianassa canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel, Digitalis lurida Salisb. and more commonly seen, Digitalis canariensis L. The crop is native to the Canary Islands of the coast of Morocco, which are under the ownership of Spain. It’s an endangered and endemic crop to that location and is therefore very rare. Common names include Canary Island Foxglove and Tenerife Shrub Foxglove. Tenerife is one of the islands belonging to the Canary Islands, and since the crop has a shrubby habit, this name is the more descriptive of the two. It belongs to the Veronicaceae family, but formerly had belonged to the Scrophulariaceae family. It is a close relative to the Digitalis genus and would easily be mistaken for one, if not known well. Geographic Distribution and Native Habitat I. canariensis is native to the Canary Islands and has not been introduced to any other locations or environments except for specimens located in botanical gardens or personal collections – which is still quite minimal. Two notable examples were in Turkey and Sweden, showing the plant can survive as high of a latitude as 60°N, if cared for properly. The Canary Islands are much closer to the equator at 28°N and are situated extremely high above sea level, at about 4000m. This brings them a climate that is influenced greatly by the stratocumulus sheet of clouds. The land is mostly a Laurel forest, or laurisilva which is a subtropical forest found in areas of high humidity and mild temperatures.
    [Show full text]
  • Biochemistry of Rubisco……………
    Departament de Biologia Facultat de Ciències Ecophysiological traits and their responses to drought in species from the Balearic Islands with different growth forms PhD Thesis Jeroni Galmés Galmés BSc. Biological Sciences (University of the Balearic Islands) Mallorca, 2006 Supervisor: Dr. Jaume Flexas Sans Jo, Dr. JAUME FLEXAS SANS, Professor Titular d’Escola Universitària de la Facultat de Ciències de la Universitat de les Illes Balears, CERTIFICO: Que Jeroni Galmés Galmés ha realitzat sota la meva direcció, en el Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, de la Facultat de Ciències de la Universitat de les Illes Balears, el treball que, per optar al grau de Doctor en Ciències (Biologia), presenta amb el títol: “Ecophysiological traits and their responses to drought in species from the Balearic Islands with different growth forms” Considerant finalitzada la present memòria, autoritzo la seva presentació per a que pugui ésser jutjada pel tribunal corresponent. Per a que així consti, signo el present certificat a Palma, el 19 de gener de 2006. Jaume Flexas Sans L’EXTENSIÓ DE TERRA QUE CONTEMPLES PREN-LA COM UN REFLEX DE TU MATEIX, VULGUES CONFONDRE’T AMB ELS SEUS EXEMPLES, LA TERRA I TU BLEIXEU EN UN SOL BLEIX (RAMON LLULL) Acknowledgements AGRAÏMENTS – ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Al llarg dels anys dedicats a la realització d’aquesta tesi han estat moltes les persones que de qualque manera m’han ajudat per a que aquest treball es pogués dur a terme. Amb tots ells estic en deute per la seva dedicació. En primer lloc a tots els membres del grup investigador en el qual he desenvolupat la meva tasca com a estudiant de doctorat, i que han col·laborat en la realització del treball experimental, en la redacció de les publicacions associades o simplement en crear un bon ambient de treball, gràcies a la seva agradable companyia.
    [Show full text]