Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 515 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2020) Research on Inheritance and Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Dazhou City — Taking the Folk Songs of Madu Township as an Example Gaoyang Liu1,* 1Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, China *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT In the new era, as China continues to attach importance to "intangible cultural heritage", the academic circles have made researches on the native intangible cultural heritage of Dazhou City. For example, the "weeding gongs and drums" of Tujia nationality in Chuandong, and the "Zhu Suona" of Dazhu County, "Pan'ge" of Kaijiang, "fire dragon dance" of Shiqiao, and "Fanshan Jiaozi" in Dachuan District have all been studied in detail. However, there are few researches on the folk songs of Madu Township, which was listed as intangible cultural heritage of Sichuan Province in 2018 as an art treasure in Eastern Sichuan. This paper summarizes the status quo of intangible cultural heritage in Dazhou City. And it takes Bashan folk songs as an example to deeply analyze the origins, characteristics of lyrics, modes and tunes, presentation forms, and other ideological connotations. Finally, some suggestions for inheritance and protection are put forwarded combining with the actual situation of Dazhou City. Keywords: intangible cultural heritage, folk songs of Madu Township, inheritance and protection be lost. In this context, it is of great significance to I. INTRODUCTION study the local music culture, as well as the cultural The folk songs of Madu Township are originated in construction and regional economic development of Madu Township of Xuanhan County, and are typical Dazhou City from the perspective of protection and representatives of folk songs in eastern Sichuan. It is an inheritance of folk songs of Madu Township. important traditional music culture with great influence in Northeast Sichuan because of its large number, II. INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF changeable styles, rich contents and various forms. DAZHOU CITY Among the 300 songs counted, there are songs about love, songs praising life, folk songs describing Dazhou City is in the east of Sichuan Province, and production and labor, folk songs recording seasons and at the junction of Sichuan Province, Chongqing, Hubei rituals, and red songs praising revolution. Its unique Province and Shaanxi Province. It is a famous old creative techniques, beautiful melody, unique lyrics, revolutionary base area with abundant products and rich local customs, historical landforms and humanistic resources. It has a long history and rich cultural spirit can never be copied. With the reform and opening heritage. Since the establishment of the county in the up and the globalization, China's economy, information Eastern Han Dynasty, it has a history of more than 1900 and culture have been affected in varying degrees, years. Today, it enjoys the reputation of China's Ramie among which the traditional culture is greatly impacted City, China's Day Lily City, China's Olive City, China's by western culture. As a traditional music culture, folk Se-enriched Tea City, and China's County of Toon. songs of Madu Township have gradually faded out of In the long historical process and evolution, it has people's sight. There are fewer and fewer inheritors of also gathered rich intangible cultural heritage. folk songs, and the singing degree is also becoming According to statistics, Dazhou City has 248 items of lower and lower, which makes folk songs of Madu intangible cultural heritage to be protected, including 3 Township fall into a dangerous situation that is about to items of national intangible cultural heritage, 29 items of provincial intangible cultural heritage, 45 items of *Fund: This paper is supported by the research results of the municipal intangible cultural heritage and 117 items of project of Dazhou Social Science— "Research on Inheritance and Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Dazhou City — Taking county-level intangible cultural heritage. [4] These the folk songs of Madu Township as an Example". intangible cultural heritages can be divided into seven Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 208 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 515 categories according to their contents. The first is folk five-character sentences, ten-character sentences and literature, such as Wang Yaogongye series of stories, mixed sentences. Occasionally, two and a half the Spring Festival of Shui nationality and Baqu sentences and five sentences are also used. At the same nursery rhymes; the second is folk music, such as time, "metaphor", "contrast", "personification", Beierge of Bashan, Kaijiang Pan'ge, Zhu Suona and "repetition", "exaggeration" and other techniques and stonework horn; the third is traditional dance, such as idioms are used to make the lyrics distinctive. There are benghe dance, Fanshan Jiaozi, Anrentan's son-grandpa lyrics describing the production and labor (such as, the dragon; and the fourth is quyi, such as qiangun, sun shines on the Qujiang River, the beautiful scenery weeding gongs and drums of Tujia nationality in on both sides, the boatman is dedicated to the four eastern Sichuan; the fifth is traditional sports and modernizations, and transportation is busy day and acrobatics, such as yumenquan of Tu nationality, night.); there are lyrics singing love (such as, the snow entertainment, and aobang; the sixth is traditional is blowing in October, people are eager to have a look, handicrafts, such as Liu's bamboo weaving in Quxian and they look to the winter and December.); there are County, traditional processing technology of translucent lyrics reflecting daily life (such as, a sister goes to buy a beef slices in Daxian County, xiajiu brewing black face, tidies up and goes to see a play.); and there technology in Quxian County, laozao brewing are also lyrics on customs, stories and legends, rituals technology in Dongliu, and bean production technology and revolutionary song [6]. And the padding syllable ( in Kaijiang; and the seventh is folk arts, such as 嗬, 嗨, 嘿, 咳, 哼, 哈, 啰, 咧, 啦, 吶, 哇, 吔, 呀, 呃, 咗, 呢) is shaohuolong in Shiqiao, Sanhui Caitinghui, Dazhou colorful and vivid. hiking [5]. The melody is beautiful and easy to sing. There is In 2018, three items, "Madu folk songs", often five-tone mode of Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, and "detumescence drug: snake being hard to climb" and Yu (do, re, mi, sol, la), as well as the four-tone mode of "playing with fire dragon in Gantang", were selected Gong, Shang, Zheng and Yu, as well as the mode of into the fifth batch of provincial intangible cultural Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, Yu and partial tone. heritage, further enriching the culture of intangible However, on the whole, it is mainly composed of five cultural heritage in Dazhou City. Among them, "Madu tones, and most of them are in mode of Shang and folk song" as the first item of intangible cultural Zheng. For example, songs such as "all life", "going up heritage is highly valued and praised by experts and the hillside", "going to the market", "following the judges. Communist Party all life" are in the mode of Shang; songs such as "short-life love song", "long time not III. FOLK SONGS OF MADU TOWNSHIP singing and forgeting song", "sister going out to bear the burden" are all in the mode of Zheng. Glide is also a The folk songs of Madu Township are important feature of the melody of Madu folk song. In many cultural resources of Dazhou and even Sichuan, and songs, the glide is added at the end of the paragraph and have the reputation of "king of folk songs". There are even in the middle of the sentence. It can not only 400 folk songs in East Sichuan, and more than 200 beautify the music melody, but also make the music songs are from Madu Township. Among them, "Su vivid and depict the features of the scenery. Adding Erjie", "Kangding Love Song", "Bei Er'ge", "Hero glide in the melody of songs is mainly due to life and crossing the Dadu River", "Looking forward to the Red work, and is also affected by regional environment and Army", "longterm-hired song", "leek song", "ten fans", historical heritage. This not only accords with the "following the revolution", "pinching moss", "haoer", heroic and enthusiastic personality of Bashan people, "welcome to Madu", "musical dialogue", "singing a but also reflects the beautiful scenery of Bashan. folk song to the party", "singing for the carrier", "singing for the boatman", "little sister standing on the The rhythm is free and changeable, rich and opposite rock", "love song", "stone song", "Bashan colorful. There are three consecutive-tone in some people's happy life", etc. Madu has also been awarded songs, such as "Red Army passing my home", "picking as the hometown of Chinese folk culture and art, the lotus", "Going to the mountain"; there are some free hometown of Sichuan folk art culture and the tones in the songs, such as "morning", "pastoral song", hometown of Eastern Sichuan folk songs. It is the "water playing"; there are songs with rhythm, such as hometown of Li yiruo, the author of "Kangding Love "singing for boatman", "singing for the carrier", Song", one of the "top ten folk songs in the world", and "boating"; there are songs with weak rhythm, such as the birthplace of "Su Erjie", one of the four major "looking forward the coming of man", "sisters and Chinese folk songs. brothers say together", "what comes out high"; and there are songs with syncopated rhythm, such as A.