Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 515 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2020)
Research on Inheritance and Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Dazhou City — Taking the Folk Songs of Madu Township as an Example Gaoyang Liu1,*
1Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, China *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT In the new era, as China continues to attach importance to "intangible cultural heritage", the academic circles have made researches on the native intangible cultural heritage of Dazhou City. For example, the "weeding gongs and drums" of Tujia nationality in Chuandong, and the "Zhu Suona" of Dazhu County, "Pan'ge" of Kaijiang, "fire dragon dance" of Shiqiao, and "Fanshan Jiaozi" in Dachuan District have all been studied in detail. However, there are few researches on the folk songs of Madu Township, which was listed as intangible cultural heritage of Sichuan Province in 2018 as an art treasure in Eastern Sichuan. This paper summarizes the status quo of intangible cultural heritage in Dazhou City. And it takes Bashan folk songs as an example to deeply analyze the origins, characteristics of lyrics, modes and tunes, presentation forms, and other ideological connotations. Finally, some suggestions for inheritance and protection are put forwarded combining with the actual situation of Dazhou City.
Keywords: intangible cultural heritage, folk songs of Madu Township, inheritance and protection be lost. In this context, it is of great significance to I. INTRODUCTION study the local music culture, as well as the cultural The folk songs of Madu Township are originated in construction and regional economic development of Madu Township of Xuanhan County, and are typical Dazhou City from the perspective of protection and representatives of folk songs in eastern Sichuan. It is an inheritance of folk songs of Madu Township. important traditional music culture with great influence in Northeast Sichuan because of its large number, II. INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF changeable styles, rich contents and various forms. DAZHOU CITY Among the 300 songs counted, there are songs about love, songs praising life, folk songs describing Dazhou City is in the east of Sichuan Province, and production and labor, folk songs recording seasons and at the junction of Sichuan Province, Chongqing, Hubei rituals, and red songs praising revolution. Its unique Province and Shaanxi Province. It is a famous old creative techniques, beautiful melody, unique lyrics, revolutionary base area with abundant products and rich local customs, historical landforms and humanistic resources. It has a long history and rich cultural spirit can never be copied. With the reform and opening heritage. Since the establishment of the county in the up and the globalization, China's economy, information Eastern Han Dynasty, it has a history of more than 1900 and culture have been affected in varying degrees, years. Today, it enjoys the reputation of China's Ramie among which the traditional culture is greatly impacted City, China's Day Lily City, China's Olive City, China's by western culture. As a traditional music culture, folk Se-enriched Tea City, and China's County of Toon. songs of Madu Township have gradually faded out of In the long historical process and evolution, it has people's sight. There are fewer and fewer inheritors of also gathered rich intangible cultural heritage. folk songs, and the singing degree is also becoming According to statistics, Dazhou City has 248 items of lower and lower, which makes folk songs of Madu intangible cultural heritage to be protected, including 3 Township fall into a dangerous situation that is about to items of national intangible cultural heritage, 29 items of provincial intangible cultural heritage, 45 items of *Fund: This paper is supported by the research results of the municipal intangible cultural heritage and 117 items of project of Dazhou Social Science— "Research on Inheritance and Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Dazhou City — Taking county-level intangible cultural heritage. [4] These the folk songs of Madu Township as an Example". intangible cultural heritages can be divided into seven
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categories according to their contents. The first is folk five-character sentences, ten-character sentences and literature, such as Wang Yaogongye series of stories, mixed sentences. Occasionally, two and a half the Spring Festival of Shui nationality and Baqu sentences and five sentences are also used. At the same nursery rhymes; the second is folk music, such as time, "metaphor", "contrast", "personification", Beierge of Bashan, Kaijiang Pan'ge, Zhu Suona and "repetition", "exaggeration" and other techniques and stonework horn; the third is traditional dance, such as idioms are used to make the lyrics distinctive. There are benghe dance, Fanshan Jiaozi, Anrentan's son-grandpa lyrics describing the production and labor (such as, the dragon; and the fourth is quyi, such as qiangun, sun shines on the Qujiang River, the beautiful scenery weeding gongs and drums of Tujia nationality in on both sides, the boatman is dedicated to the four eastern Sichuan; the fifth is traditional sports and modernizations, and transportation is busy day and acrobatics, such as yumenquan of Tu nationality, night.); there are lyrics singing love (such as, the snow entertainment, and aobang; the sixth is traditional is blowing in October, people are eager to have a look, handicrafts, such as Liu's bamboo weaving in Quxian and they look to the winter and December.); there are County, traditional processing technology of translucent lyrics reflecting daily life (such as, a sister goes to buy a beef slices in Daxian County, xiajiu brewing black face, tidies up and goes to see a play.); and there technology in Quxian County, laozao brewing are also lyrics on customs, stories and legends, rituals technology in Dongliu, and bean production technology and revolutionary song [6]. And the padding syllable ( in Kaijiang; and the seventh is folk arts, such as 嗬, 嗨, 嘿, 咳, 哼, 哈, 啰, 咧, 啦, 吶, 哇, 吔, 呀, 呃, 咗, 呢) is shaohuolong in Shiqiao, Sanhui Caitinghui, Dazhou colorful and vivid. hiking [5]. The melody is beautiful and easy to sing. There is In 2018, three items, "Madu folk songs", often five-tone mode of Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, and "detumescence drug: snake being hard to climb" and Yu (do, re, mi, sol, la), as well as the four-tone mode of "playing with fire dragon in Gantang", were selected Gong, Shang, Zheng and Yu, as well as the mode of into the fifth batch of provincial intangible cultural Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, Yu and partial tone. heritage, further enriching the culture of intangible However, on the whole, it is mainly composed of five cultural heritage in Dazhou City. Among them, "Madu tones, and most of them are in mode of Shang and folk song" as the first item of intangible cultural Zheng. For example, songs such as "all life", "going up heritage is highly valued and praised by experts and the hillside", "going to the market", "following the judges. Communist Party all life" are in the mode of Shang; songs such as "short-life love song", "long time not III. FOLK SONGS OF MADU TOWNSHIP singing and forgeting song", "sister going out to bear the burden" are all in the mode of Zheng. Glide is also a The folk songs of Madu Township are important feature of the melody of Madu folk song. In many cultural resources of Dazhou and even Sichuan, and songs, the glide is added at the end of the paragraph and have the reputation of "king of folk songs". There are even in the middle of the sentence. It can not only 400 folk songs in East Sichuan, and more than 200 beautify the music melody, but also make the music songs are from Madu Township. Among them, "Su vivid and depict the features of the scenery. Adding Erjie", "Kangding Love Song", "Bei Er'ge", "Hero glide in the melody of songs is mainly due to life and crossing the Dadu River", "Looking forward to the Red work, and is also affected by regional environment and Army", "longterm-hired song", "leek song", "ten fans", historical heritage. This not only accords with the "following the revolution", "pinching moss", "haoer", heroic and enthusiastic personality of Bashan people, "welcome to Madu", "musical dialogue", "singing a but also reflects the beautiful scenery of Bashan. folk song to the party", "singing for the carrier", "singing for the boatman", "little sister standing on the The rhythm is free and changeable, rich and opposite rock", "love song", "stone song", "Bashan colorful. There are three consecutive-tone in some people's happy life", etc. Madu has also been awarded songs, such as "Red Army passing my home", "picking as the hometown of Chinese folk culture and art, the lotus", "Going to the mountain"; there are some free hometown of Sichuan folk art culture and the tones in the songs, such as "morning", "pastoral song", hometown of Eastern Sichuan folk songs. It is the "water playing"; there are songs with rhythm, such as hometown of Li yiruo, the author of "Kangding Love "singing for boatman", "singing for the carrier", Song", one of the "top ten folk songs in the world", and "boating"; there are songs with weak rhythm, such as the birthplace of "Su Erjie", one of the four major "looking forward the coming of man", "sisters and Chinese folk songs. brothers say together", "what comes out high"; and there are songs with syncopated rhythm, such as A. The unique musicality of Madu folk songs "walking with the moon", "happy people in Bashan", and "following the Communist Party". There are also a Madu folk songs mainly have four lines of lyrics, variety of rhythms, such as changing rhythm, with seven characters in the majority. There are also
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compound rhythm, ragtime and so on, making the songs The third is to praise the beautiful love and happy flexible and expressive. life. Madu folk songs not only comment on the past, but also praise the present beautiful life and sweet love. For B. Rich ideological connotation of Madu folk songs example, in "a flower", "the flower is red and given to Madu folk song has rich and colorful lyrics, my sister as a headdress, my sister is not afraid of my beautiful melody, nationalized mode and vivid rhythm. brother's lies, so I'll give it to you tomorrow". In "the Its creation and singing are the portrayal of people's sun comes out", "when the sun comes out, I'll go with daily life, and also the true expression of people's my sister to the market. There are many things I like on aspirations and feelings with songs. It can be summed the market, so my sister is busy." In "New Bashan", up as follows: "Bashan is red and beautiful, Bashan people like to smile, Bashan is red and gorgeous, happy life is One is to dare to criticize the old society. Bashan endless." People express their desire for love and praise people are hardworking and brave, enthusiastic and for a happy life through singing. heroic. They are also brave in their daily life and work. Whether in labor or leisure time, they like to express IV. INHERITANCE AND PROTECTION their feelings by singing, such as their dissatisfication with the heavy work of the old society and hard life. A. Implementing the laws on intangible cultural For example, in the song of "for long-term workers", heritage and clarifying the main responsibility "on the first day of the first month, there is nothing in the poor people's homes; the pot is hung up and used as With the development of global economy and bell, people carry the bag and become long-term culture, the state pays more and more attention to the workers." In "women's bitter love", "women are field of culture. In 2005, the State Council proposed the suffering a lot. They have been tortured since they were protection of intangible cultural heritage for the first born. It's really hard to say anything." In "song of the time, and promulgated "laws of the People's Republic long years", "on the first day of the first month, the of China on the intangible cultural heritage" on long-term worker washes the clothes. It's sad to leave February 25, 2011, which came into force on June 1, the old parents and young wife." These songs express 2011. At the same time, the first batch, second batch, people's criticism of the old social life. third batch and fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists were approved on June 1, 2011, Second is to have the spirit of red revolution. Many June 14, 2008, June 10, 2011 and July 16, 2014. The Madu folk songs express the spirit of red revolution. State Council also decided that the second Saturday in For example, in "following the Red Army to make a June will be China's "Cultural Heritage Day" from revolution", in "it is raining in front of the mountain, 2006. On November 6, 2013, China Intangible Cultural but it is sunny on back of the mountain, the Communist Heritage Protection Association, which is subordinate Party is expected to come. A big flag is red, and the to the Ministry of culture, was also established. Also, local people fight against tyrants and obtain fields. A the State Council issued the "notice on strengthening red flag floats in the air. I make a revolution with the the protection of cultural heritage", and formulated a Red Army." In "women's turning over", "men and four-level protection system of "state + province + city women are the same and follow the Communist Party, + county", requiring all localities and relevant women seek liberation". In "looking forward to the Red departments to implement the working principle of Army", "the sun sets, the mountains are in the sunshine, "protection first, rescue first, rational utilization, the rhinoceros is looking the moon and women are inheritance and development", and earnestly do a good looking the man. I remember that when chrysanthemum job in the protection, management and rational is yellow, I sent the Red Army to Liangshan. I expected utilization of intangible cultural heritage. the Red Army to turn around early and remember the people's difficulty in the heart." In "revolution depends In order to implement the national laws and on the common people", "who makes a revolution? regulations, it is necessary to make clear the main what depends on the common people? the Red Army responsibility, keep close contact with each other, and started a revolution, and the revolution depends on the cooperate with each other. It is better to avoid the chaos common people." The Fourth Front Red Army sowed of being nobody's business, mutual prevarication, and the seeds of revolution here. The Red Army have made multi management, resulting in a waste of human effective things for people, such as fighting against resources. According to the spirit of the documents of local tyrants, dividing fields, saving the poor, and the State Council and the Department of Culture, the punishing tyrants. People have deep feelings for the municipal government should further implement the Red Army. They look forward to the Red Army, praise management, protection, inheritance and application the Red Army, send the Red Army and become the Red system of material and culture of intangible cultural Army. The spirit of the red revolution is everywhere heritage on the basis of the previous "Dazhou intangible [7]. cultural heritage protection regulations". The Bureau of culture and broadcasting is responsible for the specific
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implementation of each unit, each department or even cooperation. When adding fine arts in Madu folk song, post, and the cultural center and intangible cultural costume design will increase the artistry and heritage protection association implement the system appreciation of performance; if it is integrated into film with the assistance of other units. The specific work of and television, it will further enhance the audio-visual intangible cultural heritage culture should be carried out effect; if it is added into literary works, it will also have in accordance with the unified deployment of provinces more artistic conception. In addition to academic and cities. integration with fine arts, literature and drama, people can also carry out exchanges and cooperation with In the inheritance and protection of Madu folk foreign countries. It also held the exchange meeting, songs, some specific matters should be implemented. It forum and research meeting of Madu folk songs. is better to have clear requirements for the protection, inheritance, utilization and development of Madu folk With the rapid development of global cultural songs, so as to form a three-dimensional work situation diversity, Dazhou should also speed up its pace, keep in which the upper and lower links are cooperated. pace with the pace of the times, take full advantage of various platforms to expand international vision, so that B. Training relevant personnel and strengthening foreigners can understand and like Madu folk songs. publicity The "Chang'e-1" lunar exploration satellite, launched in October 2007, was accompanied by "Kangding Love Another important measure to inherit and protect Song", the Madu folk song, providing a foundation for intangible cultural heritage is to train relevant personnel increasing exchanges. With the help of the foreign and strengthen publicity. Intangible cultural heritage enterprise office and foreign publicity office of has profound historical accumulation, strong municipal government, the foreign teachers, foreign professionalism and limitations. If people do not students and foreign lectures of the college of arts and understand, do not differentiate, or even act recklessly, science (vocational and technical college) are it will not only fail to do a good job, but will do a introduced and exchanged, so as to expand the seemingly clever thing which turns out to be a foolish horizontal exchange. one instead. Madu folk songs have the characteristics of large quantity, pure lyrics, beautiful melody, long history, sufficient charm and deep thought. In order to D. Increasing the support and the reward make people understand it, appreciate it and love it, it is In the inheritance and protection of intangible better to train the relevant personnel of government cultural heritage, it is necessary to increase the support departments, cultural departments, education and the reward. According to the actual situation, the departments and various associations to deeply government should implement appropriate preferential understand the cultural heritage, historical imprint, policies for the inheritors of Madu folk songs, care and characteristics of words and music, ideological help them in life, work and ideology, solve their connotation and current difficulties of Madu folk song. practical difficulties, cherish and protect these Combined with the current situation, it analyzes the inheritors of intangible cultural heritag. Then, they can future development and inheritance protection path. inherit the cultural heritage of Madu folk song well. Then, it is necessary to further strengthen publicity, Increasing the reward amount can effectively make from the government to the public, from the the protectors feel the government's attention and care, countryside to the city, from schools to enterprises. It and can also make them concentrate on the can make the publicity by means of TV stations, station interpretation of works. Second, it can encourage more music, square music, mobile phone ringtones, QQ, people to participate in the inheritance and protection of WeChat, Weibo, radio, road advertising, clothing intangible cultural heritage, and obtain a sense of advertising, food advertising. The multi-dimensional dignity, existence and achievement with the master publicity will make people go deep into the Madu folk role. Third, increasing the reward amount can provide songs, so as to play the sense of ownership. favorable conditions for the further development and innovation of Madu folk songs, and create more C. Strengthening exchanges and cooperation and sufficient space and form an optimization mechanism, expanding international vision so as to constantly deepen and tap intangible cultural heritage. It is difficult for a single tree to make a forest, and a lone goose cannot fly far away. Only by further strengthening exchanges and cooperation can people E. Entering classroom teaching and promoting multi- better inherit and protect Madu folk songs. Madu folk dimensional competition song is not only the expression of art, but also the Entering the classroom teaching and promoting presentation of literature; it is not only the expression of multi-dimensional competition is another important music, but also the display of dance. Its multiple forms way to inherit and protect Madu folk songs. First of all, provide a good foundation for communication and Madu folk songs should be incorporated into the local
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music teaching materials, especially the representative [6] Zhao Ying. He Yuanping. Research on Baqu Folk Song Culture songs should be set as compulsory songs. Music [M]. Henan: Henan People's Publishing House, 2011-8-1. (in teachers should master them, and students understand Chinese) [7] Liu Gaoyang. Exploration of the red elements of Bashan folk and learn them. These songs can go deep into the hearts songs and the value utilization. Sichuan Drama, 2019 (07): 126- of teachers and students through the classroom 129. (in Chinese) teaching, so as to spread widely. Secondly, on the basis of the established association of Madu folk songs, it is necessary to further expand the team, establish the Madu folk song performance group and the Madu folk song inheritance group, and implement the specific tasks and related matters, so that they can really operate and play a team role. The third is to hold the Madu folk song competition. Through the competition, people will actively participate in. At the same time, outstanding singers of Madu folk songs will be selected for recording and video production, and awards will be given. Finally, a special creative team should be established to continuously innovate and develop Madu folk songs. On the basis of maintaining its original characteristics, modern techniques and singing methods should be integrated to improve its composition, clothing, accompaniment and performance, so as to better inherit and protect Madu folk songs.
V. CONCLUSION Madu folk song is not only the combination of traditional art and modern art, but also the representative of the fusion of northern and southern tones. It is not only the organic integration of intangible cultural heritage culture and red culture, but also the typical carrier of revolutionary spirit and red spirit. Its profound cultural connotation and historical accumulation not only provide important elements for people to study people's life, work, singing and dancing in Sichuan Province, but also provide huge space for the industrial culture, image culture and economic culture of Bashan. To study the inheritance and protection of Madu folk songs is not only to meet the social needs but also the cultural needs, which is more in line with the call of the times of the national renaissance.
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