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American Mineralogist, Volume 95, pages 185–187, 2010

Abbreviations for names of -forming

Do n n a L. Wh i t n e y 1,* a n d Be r n a r d W. Ev a n s 2

1Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, U.S.A. 2Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Box 351310, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98185, U.S.A.

Nearly 30 years have elapsed since Kretz (1983) provided riebeckite (Rbk); and (Ab) and (An) as well as the mineralogical community with a systematized list of abbre- (Pl), recognizing that some petrologists have uses for viations for rock-forming minerals and components. Its these mineral names. In addition, although our focus is on rock- logic and simplicity have led to broad acceptance among authors forming minerals, some hypothetical and/or synthetic phases are and editors who were eager to adopt a widely recognized set of included in our list, as well as an abbreviation for “liquid” (Liq). mineral symbols to save space in text, tables, and figures. We have also included some abbreviations for mineral groups,

Few of the nearly 5000 known mineral species occur in e.g., aluminosilicates (Als, the Al2SiO5 polymorphs), and other nature with a frequency sufficient to earn repeated mention in descriptive terms (e.g., opaque minerals). The choice of abbre- the geoscience literature and thus qualify for the designation viations attempts as much as possible to make the identity of the “rock-forming mineral,” but a reasonable selection of the most mineral instantly obvious and unambiguous. common and useful rock-forming minerals likely numbers in the several hundreds. The original list by Kretz (1983) contained Up d a t e d l i s t o f m i n e r a l a bb r e v i a t i o n s abbreviations for 193 of these. In this contribution, abbreviations from Kretz (with some We propose an expansion to the list initiated by Kretz (1983) modifications) and new abbreviations are listed (Table 1, next (see next page). Modest expansions and revisions were made by page). The following format was used for assigning abbrevia- Spear (1993), Holland and Powell (1998), the Mineralogical As- tions: sociation of Canada, and Siivola and Schmid (2007). Our revised (1) The first letter is capitalized; the other letter(s) are lower list of abbreviations has 371 entries. Significant numbers of the case, with the exception of Phase A, abbreviated as PhA. new entries are the result of three decades of research in high- and (2) The first letter of the abbreviation is the first letter of the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terrains, the explicit inclusion of mineral name; subsequent letters are selected from the mineral Mg and Fe end-members of solid-solution series (as in the amphi- name. boles), recent work on extraterrestrial samples, and the increased (3) Most abbreviations consist of 2 or 3 letters, but a 4-letter relevance to petrology of numerous accessory minerals. abbreviation is used when the addition of F for ferro- or M for The two systems of abbreviations currently most in use— magnesio- resulted in ambiguity in the 3-letter version (e.g., Kretz (1983), including modifications; and Holland and Powell Mcar for magnesiocarpholite). (1998)—differ in terms of style and concept. Kretz abbreviations (4) Mineral abbreviations were selected so as not to corre- are 2–3 letters and use uppercase first letters for minerals and spond to abbreviations for elements. Note that rule 4 was violated lower case letters throughout for mineral components (e.g., the by a few of the original Kretz abbreviations (Mo for molybdenite; almandine component of ); the Holland and Powell sys- Ne for ), so some original Kretz abbreviations have tem varies from 1–5 letters and uses lowercase throughout. The been changed to follow this rule. Others have been modified to Kretz system provides abbreviations for selected intermediates avoid ambiguity with minerals added to the list. in solid-solution mineral series. The Holland and Powell system is restricted to abbreviations for end-members for which there Ac k n o wl e d g m e n t are available thermodynamic data that have been included in the We thank Marc Hirschmann and Howard Day for input on the updated ab- breviation system. Holland and Powell database. The two systems have the same abbreviations for some minerals (other than capitalization), but Re f e r e n c e s c i t e d in many cases use different symbols for the same mineral, for Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, example, “Crn” (Kretz) and “cor” (H&P). 277–279. Holland, T.J.B. and Powell, R. (1998) An internally-consistent thermodynamic The selection of minerals to include in a list of abbreviations data set for phases of petrologic interest. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, is subjective, but we have tried to err on the side of being inclu- 16, 309–343. sive, listing some minerals for which the status is questionable Siivola, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web according to the International Mineralogical Association. For version 01.02.07. (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/scmr/docs/papers/paper_12.pdf) example, we accommodate alternative choices such as IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. (Ttn) and sphene (Spn); hypersthene (Hyp), (En), and Spear, F.S. (1993) Metamorphic Phase Equilibria and Pressure-Temperature-Time Paths. Monograph 1, Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, Virginia. orthopyroxene (Opx); (Gln), crossite (Crt), and Ma n u s c r i p t r e c e i v e d Au g u s t 11, 2009 Ma n u s c r i p t a c c e p t e d Au g u s t 13, 2009 * E-mail: [email protected] Ma n u s c r i p t h a n d l e d b y Br y a n Ch a k o u m a k o s

0003-004X/10/0001–185$05.00/DOI: 10.2138/am.2010.3371 185 186 Whitney and Evans: Mineral abbreviations

Ta b l e 1. Updated list of abbreviations Symbol Mineral Name IMA status* Symbol Mineral Name IMA status* Symbol Mineral Name IMA status* Chu clinohumite G Ged Rd Acm acmite D Cpt clinoptilolite A Gh gehlenite G Act A Cpx clinopyroxene GROUP Gk G Adl adularia I Czo G Gbs gibbsite A Aeg aegirine A Cln A Gis gismondine A Ak åkermanite G Coe coesite A Glt GROUP Ab albite G Coh cohenite G Gln glaucophane Rd Afs alkali GROUP Crd G Gme A Aln A Crr corrensite G Gth goethite A Alm almandine G Crn G Gdd grandidierite G Als aluminosilicate Cv covellite G Gr G Crs G Gre G (Al2SiO5 polymorphs) GROUP Alu alunite Rd Crt crossite D Grs A Amk amakinite Rd Crl cryolite G Gru grunerite Rd Ame G Cbn cubanite G Gp G Amp GROUP Cum Rd Anl (analcite) A Cpr cuprite G Hl G Ant A Csp cuspidine G Hrm harmotome A And G Hst hastingsite Rd Adr G Dph daphnite not listed Hsm G Ang G Dat G Hyn haüyne G Anh G Dbr daubreelite G Hzl G Ank G Dee deerite A Hd hedenbergite A Ann A Dia G Hem A An anorthite G Dsp G Hc hercynite G Ano anorthoclase I Dck G Hul heulandite A Ath Rd Dg digenite A Hbn hibonite G Atg Rn Di A Hbs hibschite Rn Ap GROUP Dpt dioptase G Hgb högbomite D Apo apophyllite GROUP Dol G Hol hollandite G Arg G Drv dravite G Hlm holmquistite Rd Arf arfvedsonite A Dum dumortierite G Hbl GROUP Arm Rd Hw howieite A Apy arsenopyrite A Eas eastonite Rd Hu humite G Aug A Ec ecandrewsite A Hgr hydrogrossular GROUP Awr awaruite G Eck eckermannite A Hyp hypersthene D Ax GROUP Ed A Elb elbaite G Ilt GROUP Bab G Ell ellenbergerite A Ilm G Bdy baddeleyite G Eng enargite G Ilv ilvaite G Brt barite () A En enstatite (ortho-) A Brs barroisite Rd Ep GROUP Jd A Bei beidellite G Eri erionite A Jrs jarosite Rd Brl G Esk eskolaite G Jim jimthompsonite A Bt GROUP Ess esseneite A Jhn johannsenite A Bxb G Eud eudialite A Bhm böhmite () G Krs Rd Bn bornite A Fas fassaite D Kls kalsilite G Brk G Fa G Kam (α-FeNi) D Brc brucite G Fsp feldspar GROUP Kln A Bst bustamite G Fac ferro-actinolite Rd Ktp katophorite Rd Fath ferro-anthophyllite Rd Kfs K-feldspar informal Cal G Fbrs ferrobarroisite A Khl K-hollandite H Ccn cancrinite G Fcar ferrocarpholite A Kir kirschsteinite G Cnl cannilloite H Fcel ferroceladonite A Krn G Cb mineral GROUP Fec ferro-eckermannite Rd Kos A Car G Fed ferro-edenite Rd Kut (kutnahorite) G Cst G Fgd ferrogedrite Rd Ky A Cel A Fgl ferroglaucophane Rd Clt celestine A Fkrs ferrokaersutite A Lrn larnite G Cls celsian G Fny ferronyboite H Lmt laumontite A Cer cerussite G Fprg ferropargasite Rd Lws G Cbz chabazite A Frct ferrorichterite A Lzl lazulite A Cct chalcocite G Fs ferrosilite Rn Lzr lazurite G Ccp chalcopyrite G Fts ferrotschermakite Rd Lpd GROUP Chm G Fwn ferrowinchite Rd Lct leucite G Chs A Fi fibrolite (fibrous Lm limonite not listed Chl ) informal Liq liquid Cld G Fl G Lz lizardite G Chn G Fo forsterite G Lo löllingite (loellingite) G Chr G Fos foshagite G Ccl A Frk G Mgh maghemite G Ctl Rd Ful fullerite N Marf magnesio-arfvedsonite Rd Cin cinnabar G Mcar magnesiocarpholite A Cam clinoamphibole GROUP Ghn G Mfr magnesioferrite G Clc clinochlore G Glx G Mhs Rd Cen clinoenstatite A Gn galena G Mhb magnesiohornblende Rd Cfs clinoferrosilite A Grt garnet GROUP Mkt magnesiokatophorite Rd Whitney and Evans: Mineral abbreviations 187

Symbol Mineral Name IMA status* Symbol Mineral Name IMA status* Symbol Mineral Name IMA status* Mrbk magnesioriebeckite Rd Pgt pigeonite A Msdg magnesiosadanagite Rd Pl plagioclase GROUP Tae taenite (γ-Fe, Ni) G Mst magnesiostaurolite A Prh G Tlc G Mtm magnesiotaramite Rn Prm prismatine Rd Trm taramite Rd Mws magnesiowustite not listed Psb pseudobrookite Rd Tnt tennantite G Mgs magnesite A Pmp pumpellyite-(Al) A Tnr tenorite A Mag G Py pyrite G Tep G Maj majorite A Pcl A Ttr tetrahedrite A Mlc malachite G Prp G Thm thomsonite A Mng G Pph pyrophanite G Thr thorite G Mrc marcasite G Prl G Tly tilleyite G Mrg A Pxf A Ttn titanite (sphene) A Mar marialite G Pxm G Tpz topaz G Mei meionite G Po pyrrhotite G Tur GROUP Mll melilite GROUP Tr Rd Mw merwinite G Qnd qandilite A Trd G Mes mesolite A Qz A Tro G Mc microcline G Ts Rd Mlr G Rnk rankinite G Mns G Rlg realgar G Usp ulvöspinel G Mog moganite A Rds A Urn G Mol molybdenite G Rdn A Uv uvarovite A Mnz A Rct A Mtc G Rbk riebeckite Rd Vtr vaterite A Mnt G Rwd ringwoodite A Vrm G Mor mordenite A Rdr roedderite A Ves A Mul mullite G Rsm rossmanite A Ms A Rt G Wds A Wag wagnerite Rd Ntr natrolite A Sdg sadanagaite Rd Wrk wairakite A Nph nepheline G Sa sanidine G Wav A Nrb norbergite G Sap G Wht G Nsn nosean G Spr sapphirine G Wlm willmenite G Nyb nyböite Rd Scp GROUP Wnc winchite Rd Sch scheelite G Wth G Ol GROUP Srl schorl G Wo wollastonite A Omp A Scb G Wur wurtzite G Opl opal G Sep G Wus wüstite G Opq opaque mineral informal Ser sericite D Orp orpiment G Srp serpentine GROUP Xtm A Oam orthoamphibole GROUP Sd G Xon xonotlite G Or A Sil sillimanite G Oen orthoenstatite D Sme smectite GROUP Yug yugawaralite A Opx orthopyroxene GROUP Sdl sodalite G Osm osumilite G Sps A Zeo GROUP Sp sphalerite A Znw zinnwaldite GROUP Plg G Spn sphene (titanite) D Zrn G Pg A Spl G Zo G Prg Rd Spd spodumene A Pct pectolite G Spu spurrite G * International Mineralogical Association (IMA) Pn G St staurolite G abbreviations: A = Approved; D = Discredited; G Per periclase G Stv stevensite Q = Grandfathered (generally regarded as valid min- Prv G Stb stilbite A eral name); GROUP = Name designates a group of Ptl petalite G Stp A mineral species; H = hypothetical (e.g., synthetic); PhA phase A not listed Sti stishovite A I = intermediate in a solid-solution series; Q = Ph phengite G Str G questionable; Rd = Redefinition approved by IMA Php phillipsite A Sud sudoite Rd Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Phl A Syl sylvite G Classification (CNMNC); Rn = Renamed with ap- Pmt A proval of the CNMNC.