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  • Cave Diving Section
    ~\\~~\~~\~\ zx ~p. 1892 ft. ~~~\~~\~~1 OFFICIAL NEWSLETTER OF THE CAVE DIVING SECTION O(TI1E NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY <ID 1980 by the Cave D1 ving Section -vol. 7, no. 2 Wf~ 55 ..J*# , __ the cathedral ___ .-/ -hall of t~e greene !rz,antB whale'8 elbow p. l1B INDIAN SPRINGS CAVE .. /8urf ace pool WAKULLA CO., FLORIDA . Property of Tallahassee YHCA ;::..\e" trance © 1~79 by Cave Divin'g Section of the NSS and Tal1ah~ssee YMCA :-! i P. Deloach, C. Smith,·-J. Zumrick, S. Exle'y cllie f' 8 counci l cave i 8 comp le te ly tinde ""ate r 53 !L';' : room floor depths in feet ..: o 160 320 feet I I 'i , & '\ i irltermi tt~nt. rWl. to a 50 IOO.meters ~ : __ WakuUa Spnng Workshop Committee: John Zumrick, 211412-,.0\ UNDERWATER NW 55 Blvd., Gainesville, FL 32601. Awards Chairman: India Young SPElEOlOGY Accident Analysis Chairman: Mary Ellen Published B i·monthly Eckhoff, Rt. 1, Box 502, Live Oak, FL Beginning in February 32060. By The Cave Diving Section of Fla. Cave Files Chairman: Wes Skiles, 8090 The National Speleological Society Atlantic Blvd., H·30, Jacksonville, FL 32221 Membership in the NSS Cave Diving Section is Training Director: Forrest Wilson, 2832 Con­ open to any NSS member in good standing who cord Dr., De ce t ur, GA 3003:5 is interested in cave diving and has paid the Visitors Chairman: Roy Bailey, 1570 Lane Ave., dues ($3.00 for 1980). Persons not wishing to Apt. 410, Jacksonville, FL 32210. join may subscribe for $5.00 per year.
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  • The Deepest Dive
    SHECK EXLEY THE DEEPEST DIVE A Study in Controlled Paranoia TEXT AND PHOTOGRAPHY BY NED DeLOACH the sound of the last bell on Friday afternoon, He made a mental note to inflate them even more. April 1, 1988, Sheck Exley locked the door to Causing pressure on the tires was the weight of 34 A his classroom at Suwannee High in Live Oak, scuba tanks packed carefully inside. Each cylinder was Florida, where he teaches algebra. It was the beginning of filled to capacity with gas mixtures-helium, oxygen, Spring Break He signed out, joked briefly with a few stu- and compressed air. The sizeable collection of tanks, dents gathered at the school's entrance and walked across enough to supply the average needs of a sport diver for a the parking lot to his red Ford van. The chassis was sitting lifetime, would be required for Sheck to make a single unusually low. Sheck knelt down to inspect the rear tires. exploratory dive into Nacimiento Del Rio Mante. 80 oceanneann Archives: BlennyWatcher.com Originally published in Ocean Realm Magazine ante is a water-filled spring cave "At our turnaround point I remember round trip from the north Florida spring located in northern Mexico, west thinking about Sotano de las Golondrinas, caves. In May 1987, his 3000th cave dive M from Tampico, across a fertile plain the world's deepest free-falling pit that was entered in his log. that runs inland from the Gulf of Mexico was just 60 miles south of us. Its drop is Sheck not only leads the way in the for 60 miles.
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  • Theory and Treatment Solo Cave Diving
    Decompression Sickness: Theory and Treatment Solo Cave Diving: Just How Safe Is It? A Few Words About Decompression Schedules Cave Diving Into The Dominican Past Diving Pioneers & Innovators: A Series of In Depth Interviews (Dick Bonin) Issue 8 – September 2012 Contents Editorial Editorial 2 Welcome to the eighth issue of Tech Diving Mag. In this issue, the contributors have, once more, brought together a wealth Decompression Sickness: Theory and Treatment of information, along with some distinctive first hand experiences. The By Bret Gilliam 3 contributors for this issue are world renowned industry professional Bret Gilliam, accomplished diver, instructor trainer and book author Steve Lewis, technical diving instructor Peter Buzzacott (PhD) and Solo Cave Diving: Just How Safe Is It? cave explorer Cristian Pittaro. Get to know more about them and read By Peter Buzzacott 22 their bio at www.techdivingmag.com/contributors.html. As you might know, Tech Diving Mag is based on article contribution A Few Words About Decompression Schedules from the readership. So you’re always welcome to drop me a line if you’re interested in volunteering an article. One more much appreciated By Steve Lewis 29 thing is your photos (even without articles)! For submission guidelines, take a look at www.techdivingmag.com/guidelines.html. Cave Diving Into The Dominican Past Tech Diving Mag is very much your magazine and I am always keen By Cristian Pittaro 37 to have your input. If you want to share your views, drop me a line at [email protected]. Diving Pioneers & Innovators: A Series of In Please visit www.techdivingmag.com/communicate.html to subscribe Depth Interviews (Dick Bonin) to the newsletter in order to be notified when new issues are available for download.
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  • Stone Aerospace Saves 12 Weeks in Cabling Design by Implementing a Digital Design Process
    SUCCESS STORY ® Zuken’s software solution for electrical wiring, control systems and fluid engineering. Stone Aerospace saves 12 weeks in cabling design by implementing a digital design process “We achieved substantial productivity gains because engineers had a very clear picture of what one another were doing, and because of the automated checks performed by the software.“ John Harman, Electrical Engineer, Stone Aerospace ZUKEN - The Partner for Success SUCCESS STORY Stone Aerospace saves 12 weeks in cabling design by implementing a digital design process Stone Aerospace faced the pressure of a tight schedule in designing Results a one-of-a-kind underwater autonomous vehicle (AUV) capable • Elimination of $20,000 in cable of traveling 15km under the Antarctic ice shelf. The AUV acts as a rework and expedited delivery costs testing ground to validate an aircraft-mounted radar system that • Design cycle reduction by 12 weeks will be used in a space mission. The time needed to design the wiring • Ability to view the electrical and harness for the AUV was reduced by around 12 weeks and $20,000 physical design of the entire craft in was saved by using E3.series to automate many aspects of the design a single hierarchical view process, while integrating the logical and physical design on a single • E ective design team collaboration platform. created common nomenclature improving quality and cutting errors The search for life in space aspects such as temperature, depth and water current velocities, and to identify • Automated checks ensured correct Scientists believe that underneath the microbiological communities. connector selections. icy surface of Europa, one of Jupiter’s moons, is a vast ocean thought to be the Cable design challenges most likely location for finding life in our solar system.
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  • Annual Report 2018/2019 a Force for Nature 2
    Annual Report 2018/2019 A Force for Nature 2 Dear Friends, For over 200 years, the Academy has been leading critical research to better understand our planet and its challenges. With some of the world’s outstanding researchers seeking answers to the most critical environmental issues of our time, the Academy is forming partnerships within our community to share our findings and make our way of life more sustainable and equitable. Over the past few years, we have been taking a stand on issues that matter to us, including climate change, evolution, preserving water resources and protecting our biodiversity. Through our recent strategic planning efforts, we explored ways the Academy can diversify our programming, connect with our audiences, integrate the perspectives of those we serve and inspire stewardship of our natural world. As advocates for our planet, we know that now is the time to act. Our earth is facing the fastest rising global average temperatures in modern times, plus extreme storms, sea level rise, heat waves, wildfires, floods and more. These changes are causing an alarming loss of biodiversity, and they also will leave behind a different world for our children, our grandchildren and our great grandchildren. If we work now to research, identify and implement changes that make ecosystems healthy, future generations will have cleaner water, air, soil and food. They will have the natural resources they need to operate strong economies. And, they will follow our lead in becoming a force for nature so that those that come after them can continue to enjoy the beautiful nature that surrounds us today.
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  • 1990 Deepest Scuba Dive On
    1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1990 1991 1992 February 14 at 11:45 a.m. 1993 1994 1995 1996 BRET GILLIAM and the 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DEEPEST SCUBA 2002 2003 2004 2005 DIVE ON AIR 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Photo: Christoph Gerigk 240 BRET GILLIAM DIVE ADVENTURES 241 and the deepest scuba dive on air BRET GILLIAM AND THE DEEPEST SCUBA DIVE ON AIR The son of a senior naval officer who indulged his child by permitting him to start diving in 1959 at age eight, Gilliam went on to be part of an elite team, conducting exceptionally deep diving projects for the Navy, commercial contracts and scientific projects. He also founded dive-related companies involved in manufacturing, pub- lishing, training agencies, resorts and liveaboard vessels, making him one of the industry’s most successful entrepreneurs. But one single feat astounded the diving world: the deepest dive on air. 1990 1990 “On memory and instinct, I passed through the arch and on the surface with his face in the water breathing through a cave, which was filled with schooling baitfish that obscured snorkel and then five minutes more with no mask breathing the visibility. As I reached the exit, the schooling fish opened from a spare tank at 15 feet below the boat. This invokes the up and the steep drop-off wall was revealed.
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  • Reports of Town Officers of the Town of Attleborough
    REPORTS OF THE Town Officers OF THE For The Year Ending Dec* 31, 1898. ATTLEBORO, MASS.: SUN PUBLISHING COMPANY, RAILROAD AVENUE. 1899. Attleboro Public Library Joseph L. Sweet Memorial Attleboro, Mass. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/reportsoftownoff1898attl : TOWN OFFICERS 1898— 1899 - SELECTMEN : WILLIAM H. GOFF, WILLIAM N. GOFF JOSEPH O. MOWRY. TOWN CLERK AND TREASURER : JOHN T. BATES. OVERSEERS OF TIIE POOR : WILLIAM II. GOFF, ELIJAH READ, GEORGE B. FITTZ. ASSESSORS OF TAXES : WILLIAM II. GOFF, JOSEPH O. MOWRY, ALONZO N. BROWNELL. COLLECTOR OF TAXES HARRY E. CARPENTER. COMMISSIONERS OF TIIE SINKING FUND : CHARLES E. BLISS, FRANK I. BABCOCK, EVERETT S. HORTON. 4 TOWN OFFICERS. WATER COMMISSIONERS : GEORGE A. DEAN, LUCIUS Z. CARPENTER, WILLIAM M. STONE. WATER REGISTRAR AND SUPERINTENDENT : WILLIAM J. LUTHER. REGISTRARS OF VOTERS : JOHN T. BATES, GEORGE F. BICKNELL, HENRY A. STREETER, HENRY A. ENBOM. AUDITORS : FRED G. MASON, BENJAMIN F. LINDSEY, WILLIAM L. ELLIOT. SEALER OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES AND INSPECTOR OF OIL : LYMAN M. STANLEY. INSPECTOR OF CATTLE, MILK AND PROVISIONS : GEORGE MACKIE, M. D. CONSTABLES : ELIJAH R. READ, GEORGE F. IDE, SETH R. BRIGGS, JOHN II. NERNEY, HORATIO BRIGGS, CHARLES E. RILEY, FRED E. GOFF, WALTER C. DIX, ALLEN L. BARDEN. : TOWN OFFICERS. NIGHT PATROL ISAIAH M. INMAN, ROBERT E. HARRIS. FENCE VIEWERS .* LYMAN M. STANLEY, EVERETT S. CAPRON, ISAAC ALGER. SUPERINTENDENT OF STREETS. WILLIAM H. GOFF. PARK COMMISSIONERS : STEPHEN A. BRIGGS. EDWARD P. CLAFLIN, HERBERT A. CLARK. ENGINEERS OF FIRE DEPARTMENT : HIRAM R. PACKARD, Chief, ORLANDO W. HAWKINS, JAMES HOWARTII, Assistants. BOARD OF HEALTH : CHARLES S. HOLDEN, M.
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  • Development of Nereid-UI: a Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle for Oceanographic Access Under Ice
    Development of Nereid-UI: A Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle for Oceanographic Access Under Ice Presented at the 9th Annual Polar Technology Conference, 2-4 April 2013 Louis L. Whitcomb1,2,Andrew D. Bowen1, Dana R. Yoerger1, Christopher German1, James C. Kinsey1, Larry Mayer1,3, Michael V. Jakuba1, Daniel Gomez-Ibanez1, Christopher L. Taylor1, Casey Machado1, Jonathan C. Howland1, Carl Kaiser1, Matthew Heintz1 1Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University 3Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire Photo courtesy S. McPhail, NOC Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution World’s largest private ocean research institution ~900 Employees, 143 Scientific Staff $160M Annual Budget • Biology • Chemistry • Geology • Physical Oceanography • Engineering • Marine Policy Deep Ocean Oceanography: The D.S.V. Alvin 4500m Submersible Image Credit: Rod Catenach © WHOI Catenach Credit: Rod Image Crew: 3 = 1 pilot + 2 scientist Depth: 4500m (6,500m soon) Endurance: 6-10 Hours Speed: 1 m/s Mass: 7,000 Kg Length: 7.1m Power: 81 KWH Life Support: 72 Hours x 3 Persons Ph.D. Student James Kinsey Dives: >4,700 (since 1964) Passengers: >14,000 (since 1964) Jason II ROV Specifications: Size: 3.2 x 2.4 x 2.2 m Weight 3,300 kg Depth 6,500 m Power 40 kW (50 Hp) Payload: 120 Kg (1.5 Ton) First Dive: 2002 Dives: >600 Dive Time: >12,500 Hours* Bottom Time: >10,600 Hours* Longest Dive: 139 Hours* Deepest Dive: 6,502 m* Distance: >4,800 km* * As of Feb, 2012 Electric thrusters, twin hydraulic manipulator arms.
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  • Visionary Counting on Unmanned Vehicles
    Visionary Counting on Unmanned Vehicles By Rich Tuttle Bill Stone, the founder of Stone Aerospace, has a vision—several visions, in fact—and unmanned vehicles play a part in a number of them. His Austin, Texas-based company developed and built the DEPTHX robot that last May conducted the first comprehensive exploration of the world’s deepest sink hole, El Zacaton in Mexico. It brought back enough data to keep scientists enthralled for some time. An unmanned system based on DEPTHX (DEep Phreatic—meaning underwater cave—THermal eXplorer) will be tested in Antarctica beginning next year to help determine the suitability of such a device to meet, in about 20 years, what’s been called the ultimate robotic challenge: exploring the ice- covered ocean of Europa, a moon of Jupiter. Scientists believe there’s a high probability of detecting the first life off Earth in that remote and ancient sea. That's one vision. The challenges would fill a book: melting through many kilometers of ice just to get to the ocean, for instance. That will be addressed in the Antarctica experiments. But DEPTHX does seem to have demonstrated the possibility of clearing two other key hurdles—surviving in a three-dimensional, unexplored environment without external navigation aids; and carrying out science experiments autonomously. DEPTHX's abilities are two generations beyond those of the Spirit and Opportunity rovers on Mars right now, Stone says in an interview. Every move of the Mars vehicles is based on a carefully prepared script. But, Stone says, “in the case of Europa, it can’t be that way.” The computer brain of a Europa probe would have to be wired to achieve “global” objectives, he says.
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  • Kavieng • Papua New Guinea Evolution CCR Rebreather Piracy
    Kavieng • Papua New Guinea Evolution CCR Rebreather Piracy • Dominican Republic The Ghosts of Sunda Strait • Java Sea Blue Holes of Abaco • Bahamas Operation Hailstorm • Chuuk Lingcod • Pacific Northwest Selah Chamberlain • Lake Michigan Diving Northern Sulawesi • Indonesia Photography by Thaddius Bedford UNEXSO • Grand Bahama Customized CCR Systems The only multi-mission, multi-tasking CCR in the world. Features: • Customized electronics and decompression systems • Custom CO2 scrubber assemblies • Custom breathing loop and counterlung systems • Modularized sub systems • Highly suitable for travel • Suitable for Science, commercial, and recreational diving www.customrebreathers.com Ph: 360-330-9018 [email protected] When only the highest quality counts… Double Cylinder Bands Stage Cylinder Bands Technical Harness Hardware Accessory Dive Hardware ADDMM Features ISSUE 23 8 Where Currents Collide 8 KAVIENG Papua New Guinea Text and Photography by Peter Pinnock 14 Evolution CCR 8 Text by Cass Lawson 31 31 19 Dominican Republic Rebreather Piracy Silent Attack to Land and Sea Text by Curt Bowen • Photography by Jill Heinerth and Curt Bowen 14 26 The Ghosts of Sunda Strait The Wrecks of USS Houston and HMAS Perth Text and Photography by Kevin Denlay Exploring the 31 Blue Holes of Abaco 19 with the Bahamas Underground Text and Photography by Curt Bowen 39 Operation Hailstorm CCR Invasion • Truk Lagoon 75 Text and Photography by Curt Bowen 55 LINGCOD Queen of Northwest Predators 65 Text and Photography by John Rawlings 19 59 Wreck of the
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  • THE ANNALS of IOWA 74 (Fall 2015)
    The Annals of Volume 74, Number 4 Iowa Fall 2015 A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF HISTORY In This Issue LISA GUINN, assistant professor of history at Bethany College in Linds- borg, Kansas, provides an account of Annie Wittenmyer’s efforts to pro- mote women’s usefulness during the Civil War. In the face of resistance from male authorities, Wittenmyer sought recognition of the professional legitimacy—and pay—for the work she and the women who worked with her did. CHRISTOPHER HOMMERDING, a doctoral candidate in history at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, surveys the news coverage of Grant Wood’s Stone City Art Colony to show that the allusions and euphemisms writers used to describe Wood and his activities there high- lighted how observers acknowledged the queerness of Wood and others at Stone City and made it fit in the colony’s rural landscape. Front Cover Grant Wood, ca. 1933, paints a scene on the side of the wagon in which he lived at the Stone City Art Colony. For perceptions of the “queerness” of Wood and the Stone City Art Colony, see Christopher Hommerding’s article in this issue. Unidentified photographer, Edward Beatty Rowan Papers, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. Editorial Consultants Rebecca Conard, Middle Tennessee State R. David Edmunds, University of Texas University at Dallas Kathleen Neils Conzen, University of H. Roger Grant, Clemson University Chicago William C. Pratt, University of Nebraska William Cronon, University of Wisconsin– at Omaha Madison Glenda Riley, Ball State University Robert R. Dykstra, State University of Malcolm J. Rohrbough, University of Iowa New York at Albany Dorothy Schwieder, Iowa State University The Annals of Third Series, Vol.
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  • Design and Deployment of a 3D Autonomous Subterranean Submarine Exploration Vehicle
    DESIGN AND DEPLOYMENT OF A 3D AUTONOMOUS SUBTERRANEAN SUBMARINE EXPLORATION VEHICLE William C. Stone, Stone Aerospace / PSC, Inc. 3511 Caldwell Lane, Del Valle, TX 78617, Ph: (512) 247-6385, [email protected] ABSTRACT likely include the following components: The NASA Deep Phreatic Thermal Explorer • the parent spacecraft, which will remain in orbit (DEPTHX) project is developing a fully autonomous either about Jupiter or about Europa and which will underwater vehicle intended as a prototype of primarily serve as a data relay back to Earth from the the Europa lander third stage that will search for Lander. microbial life beneath the ice cap of that Jovian • the Lander, which will be a 3-stage device: moon. DEPTHX has two principal objectives: First, to develop and test in an appropriate environment Stage 1: the physical landing system that will contain the ability for an un-tethered robot to explore into propulsion systems, power, and data relay systems to unknown 3D territory, to make a map of what it sees, communicate with the orbiter, and which will control and to use that map to return home; and second, to and carry out the descent and automated landing on demonstrate that science autonomy behaviors can the moon. identify likely zones for the existence of microbial life, to command an autonomous maneuvering Stage 2: the “cryobot” second stage, which will melt platform to move to those locations, conduct localized a hole through up to ten kilometers of ice cap before searches, and to autonomously collect microbial reaching the sub-surface liquid ocean. Although the life in an aqueous environment.
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