( Underwater Speleology <" VOL. 11, no. 5 f"'" ...... ,', .. ,' ... ," ,m '"'''' "', ...... ,''', ...... ,,, ...... , ... ',,, ,.... ' " ...... ,...... , ..... " ....,""""'" '"

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THESE PHOTOS REPRESENT THE SORTS OF VISUAL REWARDS TO BE FOUND WHILE 6ETTIN6 WET IN 'DRY' CAVES, WHICH IS THE THE"E OF THIS YEAR'S WINTER WORKSHOP. SEE RELATED ARTICLE ON PA6E 4. NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

D~DgBH!rgB Sfg~gQ~QgI is the otticial SECTION publication ot the CAVE DIVING SECTION BOARD OF DIRECTORS of the NATIONAL SPELOLOGICAL SOCIETY, I~C. It is published bi-Montbly g.n~M.tf beginning in February. STEVE ORMEROID (NSS 1qB17) b2q REST FOURTH ST. Opinions expressed in this publication MARYSVILLE. OHIO 43B40 are those ot the autbor and do not (513) b42-7775 necessarily reflect tbe position of tbe Section, its Board of Directors or that !I!;a;=gBHBtlM~ of the National Speleological Society. MARl LONG P.O. BOI1b33 All SUbMissions to the newsletter are LEESBURG, FL. 32748 gratefully accepted and encouraged. There can be no newsletter if there is rBUSDB~B no news! A notice of receipt and the SANDY FEHRING estiMated tiMe of pUblication will be 35B8 BOLLOR OAI PLACE Mailed only if specifically requested. BRANDON, FL. 33511 (813) &89-752B

Membership in the Ca~e Diving Section, which includes a subscription to the rB!I~I~g DIBggIQB newsletter, is open to all _eMbers in RES SKILES good standing of the National Speleolog­ P.O. BOI 73 ical Society at an annual cost of $5. Be. BRANFORD, FL. 32998 Subscriptions to non-Members are $7.B0 (994) 935-24&9 per year. Rhen making application for Membership or requesting subscription Hg"~gBS=.I=~!Bgg inforMation please contact: RAYNE MARSHALL P. O. BOI 1414 c Sandy Fehring, Treasurer SEFFNER. FL. 33584 35e8 Hollow Oak Place (813) &81-3&29 Brandon, Fl. 33511 DALE PURCHASE Make checks payable to the "55 Cave 337 PLYMOUTH Di ving Section. SAGINAW. HI. 48b93 (517) 79q-e973

FORREST RILSON 2832 CONCORD DR. DECATUR. GA. 38B33 Deadline for publication is the first (.B4) 292-5b13 day of the Month of publication. Send *************************************** exchange publications, articles and editorial correspondence to the Editor: r!~~g Q[ gQHrg~r~ THE CONTINUING ADVENTURES OF ...... PG 1 STOLEN EQUIPHENT ...... 3 Rayne Harshall, Editor ".. - 2b23 Tulip Tree Circle SPEUERS RANTED...... 4 Seffner, Fl. 33584 "AY LET FOLIS SRIH LIIE FISH ..• 5 23RD CAVE DIVING 'ORISIOP ...... 7 Since our for.at requires tbat all HICHIGAN HIIfES...... q Material be re-tYped into a word A HESSAGE FROH TIE TRAINING DIRECTOR 10 processor anyway, it is not necessary THE HAZE ...... 11 for tbe autbor to type out a carefully INFORHATION REQUEST ...... 11 prepared Manuscript. A "ESSAGE FROH A FRIEND ...... 12 GUR FOR SALB ..••..•..•...... 14 ADDRESS CHANGES ...... 14 ( (The following are excerpts taken from a letter written from Steve Mae­ gerlein to Valerie Grey. Hopefully. it will give some of our readers pause for thought. The divin~ conditions and dedication required to cave dive in such conditions are certainly much different than the norm encountered further south. Recently. there has been much discussion about the need for explora­ tion. This is what it's all about, folks. -GHM)

diving in Indiana is very dependant on the weather. Rain carries clav dirert­ ly into the cave streams through sinkholes. There is no sand to filter the water as is common in Fla. There was not much rain ... but the sprin~s did not clear UP as expected. The water contained a white suspension (which) limited visibility to about 5 feet. Usually visibility would improve to about 19 or 29 feet after a 10nQ; dry period. but not last year.

Jeff Forbes and I did some diving in Harrison sprina in Harrison Countv. Indiana in the past vear. The sprin~ basin is in the middle of a corn field. so diving is restricted by the owner to times when there is no cron in the field. The basin is 199 feet in diameter and 42 feet deep at the sprjn~ vents. The basin is shaped like a funnel cut in half. A mud slope Ipad~ down to the vents at the base of a vertical limestone wall which is below thp sorinQ; run. He have been investigatin~ the main sprinQ; vent in order to determine if we can re-enter the cave passage which is at a depth of b0 feet. The spring flow has sorted the rocks and mud and has thrown the mud on th~ slope of the funnel. The ~ravel has settled near the base of the funnel. Th~ main spring vent is aQ;ainst the rock wall with the lar~est rocks (wei~hin~ ( hundreds of pounds) formin~ the rest of the vent tube. He have observed that these lar~e rocks are rearranged after heavy rain fall has caused the sprin~ to flood. Now that we know the vent is unstable. we are reluctant to enter the cave. The cave has only been explored for the first fiftv feet hv Clarence Dillon and I on Hay 22. 1Q77. The passage is 4 to 5 feet hiQ;h and 25 feet wide with clean. fluted limestone surfaces. The fluted limestone floor ~s at a depth of b0 feet. Harrison Spring is the largest sorinQ; in Indiana. It has been dye traced from the Sinks of Indian Creek 4 miles to the east.

Jeff Forbes and I did some diving last year in Firetail SprinQ;. Harrison County. In. The spring cave passage contains a number of constrictions whi ch Makes it difficult to dive with a back Mounted tank. He have been divin~ the site with one tank back mounted and another tank side mounted. The side mount tank Must be removed to pass throu~h the entrance constriction. The Max. water depth in the sorinQ; is 20 feet. Firetail did clear uo in drv weather this vear. with visibility of 15 feet. He took some underwater movies in the cave. The cave Dassa~e has been explored underwater for 799 feet tn a breakdown constriction underwater in the botto~ of a small air bell. The air bell chaMber is entered throuQ;h a low. Ride beddin~ plane. It is difficult to ~et throuQ;h the low section with a back Mounted scuba tank. Mud on the floor of the air bell is easily disturbed causing visibility to drop to zero soon after divers enter the chaMber. The chaMber is large enou~h for several divers to Maneuver. He have been lookin~ for a dry entrance in the limestone ridQ;e above the sorin~, but so far. nothin~ looks promisin~ as an al ternate entrance.

We also helped Terry Leithauser with exploration and MappinQ; of underwater caves in the "a •• oth Cave National Park area for his Kentucky Cave Shrimo study project. The follORin~ is a list of sites Re visited in 1q8~=

Jul V 2~ (A. T. Lei thauser. S. D. Hae~erlein, and J. R. Forbes) .HcCov Blue Sorin~, Hart County. Ky. - Initial exoloration and dis­ covery of shrimo in the cave.

July 24 (A.T. Leithause~ S. ~ Haegerlein. and J. R. Forbes) Your Guess Soring, Hart County, Ky. Initial exoloration.

Aug 29 CA. T. Leithauser, S. D. "aegerlein, and H. E. Sloan) I-Sprin~. Hart County, Ky. Exploration and mappin~. Spring. Hart County, Exploration & mapping.

Aug 21 (A. T. Leithauser. S. D. Haegerlein. and N. E. Sloan) Pike Spring. EdMonson County. Kv. Exploration.

Sept 19 (A. T. Lei thauser. S. D. Haegerlein, and N. E. Sloan) Pike Spring. Edmonson County, Ky. Happing.

Sept 11 (A. T. Leithauser, S. D. Haegerlein. and N. E. Sloan) HcCoy Blue Spring, Hart County. Ky. Happing

Fishing Hole Spring, Rashington County, In. Rill probably be this summer's mapping project. Clarence Dillon and I had penetrated a shalloR. 1 S9-foot long sump in NOVember, 1Q7b. He explored about 1900 feet of Ralkin~ and craRling height streall passage. The passage branched and Re did not exolore (-. all the leads before returning to the sump. The sump contained the remains of a dead COR iust inside the entrance. He had not been back in the sumo since Re SRam throu~h oushing oieces of meat out of the Ray. It Ras like sRimmtn~ in a flooded butcher shoo Rith fish in a feeding frenzy cleanin~ uo the small stuff and the divers. He hooe the sumo is cleaner this vear. ( On May 17. 1Q04 ahile on the aay ho.e fro. Ginnie Springs Jeff Bozanic's car was stolen in Mia.i with all of his cave diving gear in it. The car has since been recovered, but none of the Materials aorth $31,99B.B9 have been recovered to date. Also Missing aere his research notes, lecture notes. diving logbook. and .ucb other irreplaceable dOCUMentation. As cave diving gear is fairly specialized, it is likely that you the readers of this periodical, May run across so.e of it. Should you do so, it would be appreciated if you would contact either tbe Mia.i Police Depart.ent or Jeff with as Much inforMation as you can get about the person selling or owning the equi~Ment at the followin~ addresses and phone nUMbers: Mia.i Police Dept. Auto Theft Division. P.O. BOI B1&777, MiaMi. F1. 331B1 (39S) 57Q-b4BO-- Case. 13839771. Jeff Bozanic. P. O. Box 4qB4b2. ley Biscayne. Fl. 3314q-84b2 (395) 57b-4b99 x251 (work) 3b1-095q (ho.e). A partial listing of the More distinguishable articles follows.

H~~S 1 set of 194 cubic foot scuba tanks SIN t Q832U & t 22481 1 Q4. b cubic foot steel scuba tank with slingshot valve 1 71.2 cubic foot tank (green) with J-valve (filled with 02)

I!EGULATORS 2 Sherwood MagnUMS SIN t 1471B2 & t unknown 3 U.S. Divers Conshelf IIV regulators: 1st stage Serial .'s: 2nd Stage Serial .'5: 82-8353B 01-30891 02-BQ183 81-43724 78-228B1 78-4283Q ( 2 5-foot hoses on two regulators, wI Misc. SPG's etc.

~Hfi QgAB 1 Rilson Reel with 5BB ft. line 1 Large slate with Mounted COMpass and pencil

t!HQ~!Bg ~!II~ 1 IL "OFFSHORE" drysuit in X~!!Q! 2 IL "PtTEGONIA" expedition tops. bOttOMS, pile pants

bHHII~ 1 Cal-Av D-Lite SIN. 819 engraved with Jeffrey Bozanic ! 1 55-watt quartz light .isc O-lites, OILs, Faralights, BottOM Lights, etc.

fB9T99BAPB! ~QQ~~~~NT 1 III body SIN 3158b23 1 Nikkor ~5MM f2.5 U/M Lens SIN 13Q2323 1 Mikkor 28MM f3.5 U/I Lens SIN 119Q4b57 Misc Mikonos adapters. parts. extensions tubes. etc. 1 Oceanic underwater light Meter in blue SIN I B8q851 1 Bri.ht red Aquatica housing for "ikon F3 wI .otor drive. has 8" do.e port. internal li!ht. ICS and NI III strobe ports 1 F3 highooint body with various lenses SIN's available on request. 1 Dive Gear case with Bozanic OD it with Misc parts, o-rinas 1 "odel be1' "I II underwater Meter USGS Control t 2Q43Q9 I1I~9~1,".NfiQ!l~ (' 1 MlDI Canada lo~book with b extra sets of pages 1 Tool Box , Set books and NADI divin~ books

I know we all would like to help Jeff recover anv part or all of this valuable equipment. I for one appreciate what an investment in blood. sweat and tears such intan~ibles as research notes represent. In many cases. manv vears of a person's life is transcribed into those field notebooks. Jeff is a cave researcher. and we all stand to benefit bv the return of these ite_s. if for no other reason that it could be one of vou next! Photocooy the orevious pa~e and post it in your local dive shop and photo shop! Rho knows where it may turn u~ and you will have heloed a friend! -GRH)

~FU~~B~ "~~nl) !_t:: T!H~ 11~!tf~ rOl1tt by Jeffrey Bozanic. MSS 22532

December 2Q, 1q8q will be the date of the winter cave diving workshop spon­ sored by the National Speleological Society Cave Diving Section (NSS-CDS). The theme of the workshop will be "Getting Ret in "Dry" Caves."

Already scheduled for the workshop is an hour-long seminar on rappellin~ and iumar techniqUes: a report on the 1q8q Buatla Expedition (The quest in Mexico ( for the world's deepest cave-involves much technical cave divin~ in addition to extensive vertical work -GRH);mine diving in the midwest: North Florida vertical caving: and a technical look at the design and use of the Orca Ed~e com outer.

Other soecial events planned are a bar-b-que lunch at the workshop. an inter­ national sumo divin« rescue team seminar las~in~ two days. and a New Year's Eve cavern dive. If vou would like to assist with any of these events. or if you feel vou have a topic that you would like to present a 20-25 minutft talk on. then please contact the workshoo chairman at the address and phone number belo.. Althou~h the theme of the workshop regards dry caving. any tooic which would be of interest to cave divers is welcomed. In fact you do not even need to be a cave dive~

For more information. please contact: Jeffrey Bozanic, 2qth Cave Divin~ Work­ shop ChairMan, P. O. BoX QQeqb2, Key Biscayne, Fl. 331 QQ-0Qb2: or call (305) 57b-Qbe9 x251 days, or (395) 3b1-805q evenings.

The Board of Directors of the Cave Diving Section is requesting nominations for positions to the board. Due to the revisions to our Constitution and By- Laws. all MeMbers are elected at-large and the board chooses its own officers. This Metbod prevents one from having to choose from only one of two excellent ( candidates for the saMe position. and allows for .uch greater continuity of leadership and policy settin~ by having each board member elected to serve a 2-year term.

NOMinations should be sent to Sandy Fehring. Secretary/Treasurer of the CDS. Sandy's address is 3508 Bollow Oak Place, Brandon. Fl. 33511. Phone (305) b8q- I 7520 evenings.

The BOD is also solicting nominations for the Cave Diving Section's Outstand­ ing Service Award. This is an award given for QQntlnY~~ exemplary service to the field of cave diving. This recognition is our highest award and should not be taken lightly. The emphasiS is on continued service. not just one individual accomplishMent. NOMinations for this award are not restricted to members of the CDS. Nominations should be forwarded to Sandy Fehring at the above address.

(Received the followinC note and enclosed article -- thou~ht vou mi~ht find it as interestin~ as I did -GRM)

"Rayne. My father. Harman Taylor "SS 21137 and CDS lIIember. kept this artiCle for me to read. It was written by Ralter Sullivan of the ~~w York T~mes and we saw it in the 4tl~nt~ Qogst~t~tiQ~ of Wednesday. July 11. 1Q8q. Sure beats ( double hundredL huh! ~ -- Richard Taylor NSS 2"38 and CDS member.

" for humans. a dream of swimmers from time immemorial. may be on the horizon. Rith an experiMental device called a Bemosponge. researchers say. it may ultiMately be possible for divers to stay underwater for days on end, extract­ ing an essentially inexhaustible supply of from the water around them. The Be.osponge is also being studied for possible use in supplying oxygen to submarines, to sea floor co.munities of as many as 150 people, to submerged gasoline engines and for a wide range of commercial uses. ! The lemosponge has been under development for several years with suooort from the office of Naval Research. Two years ago the Navy was discoura~ed bv tests indicating the need for very high flows of water through the system and .ore efficient oxygen extraction than was then available. Since then further progre~s has been .ade at the Duke Universitv Marine Laboratory in Beaufort, N.C., where the Bemosponge was originally develooed bv Joseph Bonaventura and his wife. Celia. It originally consisted of a special tyoe of polyurethane. like that in seat cushions. iMpregnated with hemoglobin similar to that in human blood. hemoglobin absorbs oIy~en in the lungs and delivers it to throuchout the bodv via the bloodstream. a test of the latest BeMosponge desi~n uses heme. the active incradiant of he.oglobi~ affiIed to a substance other than polyurethane. The nature of ~lmlh: that substance is not being disclosed pending issuance of a Datent. but a ,,~;:::, variety of pulverized cera.ics and pOlYMerS that would provide large. he .. e- enriched surface areas have been consi~ered. The new test version is designed to produce one-fourth of a liter of oxygen per ainute. According to Stephen Porter, an experiMental diver at Duke r··· University's F.G. Hall 'Laboratory for Environaental Research in DurhaM. N.C .. ": where design of a HeMosponge ~iving unit is being studied. a workin~ diver requires a supply of about two liters per ainute. The Bonaventuras, with Navy support, began exploring wavs to aiMic the fish ~ill More than a decade aRO. Whereas the hUlllan trans­ fers oxv~en frOM a gaseous aixture (air) to a liouid (the bloodstreall). the ~ill transfers oxy~en dissolved in one liquid (water) to he.o~lobin in another one (the fish' s bloo~). l diver to be supplied with oxygen frOM seaMater would presUMablv carrv a backpack .i th twin Ha.osponite tanks. One. perhaps a.cti vatad by an al ectric discharge. would discharge oxygen into a chest Mounted breathin~ ba~ while the BeMosponge in the other tank was being recharged with oxy~en frOM the sea, 's exhaled air would be scrUbbed of its carbon dioxi~e as it passed through a canister on its way back to the bag. a battery operated Motor aight be needed to Circulate the water. The breathin« ba~ would provide so auch bouyancy that the submer~ed of the unit would probably be negligible. How cumbersome and costly it Might be. however. remains to be deterMined. The Most recent report by the Bonaventura group explored the oxy~en requireMents of 15B people in a sea floor habitat. Since sea water contains only b to q parts per Million of dissolved oxygen. said the authors. ' hu~e volumes of water.' 4,BBB to 5,BB0 gallons per min. would have to be processed. Last year the Aquanautics Corp. of San Francisco and Duke Universitv forMed a partnership to obtain patents and explore commercial Hemosponge applications. Investigation of its use with underwater engines has been - undertaken by Hakai Ocean Engineering Inc. of Bawaii. ( . According to Claude Gan2, cbair.an of AQuanetics, the goal of the current te~ting at Hakai is to See if diesel engines can operate underwater with o%ygen frOM a tank. If this proved feasible, the research ~roup at Duke .ould provide an oxygen-e%tracting system based on so.e form of Remosoon~e. The Hakai group in Hawaii esti.ates that using present technolo~y the oxygen-extra~ting syste. required fer a gasoline engine that would propel a diver at one knot. would weigh about 140 pounds. Under water the wei«ht would be far less. but it is clear that substantial weight reduction is needed to aake such a device feasible. The stud v found More prOMising a robot vehicle that would be prooelled at seven knots by a fuel cell whose oxygen Ras e%tracted frOM the sea. It is estiaated that its extraction syste. would weigh 2.400 pounds. but a COMpar­ able battery powered syste. would weigh 3.b ti.es as .uch."

SPECIAL NOTE: This conversation overheard in a dark rOOM in Seffner. Fl. "Ok Sheck. I know these ore only prototypes, so let's take it easy for this test! ... you handle the eastern dealer network. We'll get Bill Fehrin« to push through all the environMental paper, DeLoach can start working on a guide book to our under.ater rest stops, an~ we'll need Le.ar English to set up the propulsion units. After we get clearance froa our Navy lobbyist. John luarick, we'll Botify Benry Micholson at departure traffic control of our intended destination in Ba.ilton, where TOM Illiffe will be awaiting our delivery of the collection bottles. We can probably stop off and get so.e fast food at Dennis and Jill's, but we better let tbe Beinerth's know of our plans to stop and visi t with thea in Bel·he... right, let's go! Q1mm~ 23rd ISS CAVB DIVING WORI5ROP By Jeffrey Bozanic. N55 22532 c TRice a year. the National Speleological Society Cave Divin~ Section (RSS-CDS) sponsors a cave diving workshop. The purpose of the Rorkshop is to exchan~e new ideas, techniques, and inforMation Rithin the general cave divin~ COMmu­ nity, and to inforM interested Members of the open Rater diving co •• unity about current trends in cave diving. The lq84 SUMmer Rorkshop Ras held over MeMorial Day Weekend with the theme of "Exploring Frontiers." It was a hu~e success, Rith over leB people attending from allover the United States and four foreign countries.

Saturday, Hay 2b. found the Branford Bigh School auditoriuM filled with cave divers as various speakers presented inforMation on cave diving and related topics. Talks ranged from the "History of Cave Diving" presented by Sheck BIley to SOMe of the newest techniques in cave diVing, such as the talk by Rory Dickens on "The Design and Safe Use of Diver Propulsion Devices in Caves" NS5-CDS Training Director Res Skiles spoke on surveying underwater caves. disclosing SOMe of the special techniques he uses to Make the job More effi­ cient and accurate.

There were Many talks on international frontiers in cave divin~ exploration. Rob PORer spoke on diving in the blue holes of BerMuda. Rhere he has been explorina for the last several years. Or. Tom Iliffe of the Bermuda 81010«­ ical Station spoke on the cave dives done in con;unction with the bth U. I. S. International Camp of Cave Divina in Czechoslavakia and other eastern Eurooean 10cations. Dennis Rilliams of Grand Baha.a Island gave a reoort on his recent trips to the Canary Islands and the Turks and Caicos Islands. where he has been involved as a team member in a variety of scientific studies.

Other scientific topics Rere also addressed. Steve LUMbert of the Universitv of Miami spoke on the fossils of Florida limestones. Lumbert is currently Rorkina on a book detailing sites of geological interest in the underwater caves of Florida. Jill Yager of Grand Bahama Island gave a review of recent Rork being done in biospeleologv. the study of organisms livins in cave envi ron_ents. Yager di scovered and descri bed Remi pedis. a new class o·f crus- tecean of Major interest and iMportance to biologists around the world.

Not all of the talks Rere on such positive topics, however. Henry Nicholson. coordinator of the cave diving recovery tea. associated with the National Cave Rescue cO.Mission spoke on the cave diving fatalities which have occurred si nce the last Rorkshop. Fortunatel y there have been feR. Di scussion and analysis of Rhy these deaths occurred help Make us all safer cave divers. Cvae diving requires extensive specialized training, and to date no NSS trained cave diver has ever drowned in a cave.

Based on reports of the participants of the workshop, the Most outstandina speaker Ras Dick Clarke. Rho works as the for the fir. Oceaneering. Clarke spoke on recent findings in , and brought several points of concern to all divers home by discus­ sin~ exaMples of patients he has treated during his years as a diving Medical technician. Dr. Arthur RehMe used hi s past background as 8 U. S. Navy di ver and his current profession as an osteopathic surgeon to~ether in speakina ~:, about related aseptic bone necrosis. Allot the speakers were videotaped with equiplllent provided by Dale Sweet of Scuba etcetera. These tapes will be available later in the year. all of the papers will also be collected and published as a proceedings, along with the papers Which will be presented at the 1q84 winter workshop. These will be C available frolll the publications departlllent of the ISS-CDS.

Throughout the day. door prizes donated by Dive Rite Manufacturing, Inc. were given away. SOllie of the prizes included slates. . safety reels, and an exploration reel. The grand prize was an adjustable quartz light head.

Hhile the talks were going on. several other manufacturers also had .ear on display or for sale. Besides Dive Rite Manufacturing. the National Associa­ tion for Cave Divin~ CNACDl. Onderwater Rorld, AQuatic EQUiPMent. and Enclish "anufacturinc. Inc. all had booths and displays for the particioants. Of course. the "SS-CDS publications deoartlllent .as represented by Valerie Grey. and lIIelllbership by Sandy Fehring.

Saturday's workshop events concluded with a mini fillll festival. "Descent into Darkness." .which portrays diving in the blue holes of the BahaMas. was shown courtesy of Dennis Hilliallls. This award winning filM was shot by cine.ato~­ raphers Hilliallls. Gene "elton and Paul Mockler. Stan RaterMan's film "Unlilllited Air, or the Perils of Lisa" was provided by CaYlllan Airways. Ltd .. and shows the joys and trials of divine in the CaYlllan Islands. The evenincs final show was Res Skiles new Multi-projector audiovisual slide presentation on diving North Florida caves.

The evening concluded with an "SS-CDS general lIIembership and board meeting. ( Sunday saw a change of venue as activities lIIoved to Ginnie Springs. The day was filled with applied diving selllinars for all levels of divers. For the open water divers, there was an introduction to cavern diving run by Steve Orllleroid, the "SS-CDS Chairlllan. Participants had the opportunity to practice sOllie of the specialized techniques used in cavern diving such as runnin~ a line from a reel and following a line in simulated blackout conditions.

For the divers already trained as cavern or cave divers. there was a four hour seminar on cave surveying conducted by Hes Skiles. This seminar ran throu.h sOllie of the practical aspects of surveying underwater caves. and built on the inforaation presented in Skiles' talk on Saturday.

Concurrently. Henry Nicholson and ran an accident mana~elllent and recovery selllinar for a number of cave diving instructors. The oarticioants of this all-day seMinar agreed to serve as volunteer recovery tea. lIIelllbers in the event of a future cave diVing . aSSisting the law enforcement a.encies in the fuifilllllent of their duties.

For all divers. JiM (nahl of Florida Divers Supply was present de.ostratine the use of the Viking Drysuit. "any divers availed themselves of the chance to try diving a drysuit in the crystal clear waters of Ginnie Soring.

The workshop could not have run without the help of aany people. Jeffrev Bozanic was the workshop director, and as such was resoonsible for putting the progralll and .11 otber aspects of the workshop in running order. Valerie Reinhold was in charge of the publicity for the show, while Susan Drake and Judy Orllleroid lIIanned the registration desk. "any others also helped at

PAGE 8 various sta~es. but are too nUmerous to list here. Our special vote of thanks to them all. and especially the speakers .ho gave so graciouslv of their time and efforts: and to the Branford Hi~h School and Ginnie Springs. Inc. for providin~ the facilities. Sherwood provided some of the regulators. lon~ hoses. and slin~shot valves used in the various activities. Manufacturers support in these types of educational seminars is especiallv valuable. and very .uch appreciated.

The winter workshop will take place on SatUrday. December 2q in Branford. The theme of the Rorkshop Rill be "Getting wet in 'Dry' Caves." and promises to be every bit as exciting and informative 8S the summer workshop. For further inforMation contact the workshop chairman. Jeffrey Bozanic. at P.O. Box 4Q04b2, ley Biscayne. Fl. 3314Q-04b2.

~IQ~Ig!~ HI~tS By DALE PURCHASE

Host of the iron and copper mines in Upper Michigan were created between 18S0 and 1Q20. Some of the mines are small with only a feR hundred feet of tunnel. Others are hu~e with several miles of passage. The mines usually have several levels connected with vertical shafts. The upper levels can be~in in 40 to ~B ft. of Rater with lower levels Raing daRn over 1000 feet. Generallv a series of horizontal tunnels would be dug at a given level. Rhen a rich iron or copper vein was hit. a large room called a stope Rould be created. The ore would be pushed dORn through shoots to carts in the tunnel below. then hauled ( to the surface. Some mines contain these cart tracks. shoots. and other artifacts of this minin~ era. Diving these mines gives one a look at the historv and the geolo~y of this most interesting area of MichigAn.

Since Hichi~an offers very little in the line of caves. this ~ives the cave diver a ne~ area to exolore and Map.

~INE PIVI~G J~ ~IgijJGAN~S ~~~E~ eE~JN~~LA By DALE PURCHASE

Diving in flooded iron and copper .ines of Opper Hichi~an is on the increase. Local divers have been diving this area for about three years, and last year they suffered their first death. As a result of this accident, Steve Ormeroid and I were asked by local divers to teach a cave diving class in the .ine~ around Iron Ht.. Hichigan. He .ere ably assisted by Randy and Danny Iwia- tkORSki. two recent cave divers frOM Risconsin .ho had Made several dives in these Mines.

Diving these Mines poses a few probleMS not norMally found in the South. Rater averages 34 to 42 degrees, depending on the season. Visi­ bilities run frOM about 35 feet do.n to near zer~ Ret suit gloves or mitts are a Must, and you need to learn to use the line reels with them on. Dive durations Must be shortened due to the temperature 8S lon~er decompression times in cold water become very uncomfortable. (Ed. note -- There is also a Much ~reater risk of ~etting the bends while divin~ for extended times in these bonditions). Because these are Man-made caves you often find old

• Q~pgR@!T~B SP~LEQLQQI ~QLL11, NO, V -- PAGE Q cables, pipes. and fallen tiMbers to entangle g~a~ Silt is also a probleM in the lower levels. Not only is it on the floor, but it also rests on pipes and tiMbers throughout the Mine. If you kick a pipe, you can reduce visibility very quickly. (

Diving in this type of environMent presents new probleM to those who venture into the mines. The fact is that this type of diving is going to increase whether we in the CDS are involved or not. I feel that the safest oractice would be to aid in the training of divers who are noW diving or plan to dive in these areas. With proper training and infor.ation we .ay be able to helo prevent future accidents.

~ HESSAGE FBQ~ TR~ IR.~NI~q PI~~GTOR TO ALL HE"BERS By lfES SKILES

Did you attend the most recent NSSCDS workshop chaired by Jeff Bozanic? If YOU didn't. YOU should have.

Jeff treated us to a real eye opening workshop. I sat there alMost in awe. as one presentation after another brought me More information in science ( biospeleology. ~eolo~y. hydrology, cartography) history. state of the art technology. and safety in caving and cave di ving than I could di ~est. In addition to all that we experienced new Sunday activities. These activities inclUded the Rescue and Recovery Diver PrograM and a Surveyin~ Underwater Caves prograll. Something was different about this workshop. As I pondered why everything was so fascinating, it struck me! Jeff was introducin~ us to . . the original intents of the National Speleological Society: to participate in ( the science of caves, to practice conservation, and to promote safety. This intent seeMS to have become contagious with the Section in a good way. What many Cav~ Divers have perceived as a sport cave diving or~anization has bloomed into a scientific interested, conservation lIinded Section of the "SS. inVOlved in increasing safety through education. What many don't realize is that's exactly what this organization has always been. Those who activated Florida's interest in the already active Cave Diving Section did so with the intent to become lIore involved in all that caves had to offe~ throu~h the philosophy of our parent organization. Their efforts have opened Many doors to those Of us that have entered cave diving just for the sport of it.

I wonder how many members are unaware of just how .any Rays the CDS has beCOMe involved in iMportant proiect& fro. our scientific investi~ations. to·topo­ carto~raphy surveying. not to mention numerous safety projects.

The rewards in becomin~ involved with the NSS activities are alMost limitless. but the sin~le Most important reason to .e. is that I can constantly learn More. The fun is over when the learning is oyer.

The National Speleolo~ical Society and its Cave Divin~ Section see. to have an . '"·i.nexhaustible source of information on new frontiers, iMproved safety methods. photography. .apping. speleology and .ore.

Rave you stayed up to date on the latest trends in Caving and Cave diving? Ask yourself, "A. I Just a Weekend Warrior? Cave Diving without a purpose? The "55 is currently having a .embership drive. If you're interested in any of the afore.entioned. it's tiMe to get involved with others that share vour interests. Also there are Many uPcoMing activities that yOU Must be a .ember of the NSS to participate in.

In closin~. I would like to thank all of those individuals which have been so instrumental in exciting the rest of us to becoMe involved in the Manv new facets of Caving and Cave Dibvin~.

If you want to reneR or join a friend so that he can be "cave aware" see the below information. P.S.• This .ight be a good tiMe to renew your CDS Member­ ship too. Until later then. and I'll be at the springs.

U~ tI.~E By RES Sr.:ILES

Everyone alRays wants to knOR "Rhat's going on?" sometimes you can get in trouble telling all, so I thought I'd just tell some ti~ht-bites. In the Branford area the word is "the Flow is out to get Ya." Little River. Hadison. Bonnet and all of the Rithlacoochee springs are as Paul DeLoach would say "Rhoopin'.ft Hany divers are complaining of defective air fills. saying that their 3bSe psi fills are only getting them to the terminal room in Little Ri vel'.

Wes Skiles. Henry Nicholson and Steve Ormeroid are planning an expedition with "SS and SEPRI backing to explore the Rio Encantado system in Puerto Rico. ( This cave involves vertical caving. lots of horizontal cavin~ as Rell as Rat.erfalling and sump divin~. Plans are to dive 4 lIa.ior SUIIDS previous1 v unexolored. Kith some luck. the Encantado system could ~row to over 4A kilo­ meters. Anvone interested in being a part of this expedition in Januarv of 'B~ should contact Res Skiles.

Reoorts have it that the 1st International Sumo Djvjn~ Rescue pro~ram Rill be held in the near future. This program is.bein~ put to~ether by John Zumrick and Rill be formatted to include vertical rescue~ sumo divin~ rescue an~ imnortant life savin~ techniques. Participation from at least ~ different countries is expected.

Paul Hockler. noted cinematographer. ("Descent Into Darkness") alon« with tRO of the Section's Canadian members. Brian Cousin and Damir Cythil are creatjn~ a new .ajor film on cave diving. Sequences are currentlv being filmed in north central Florida. Sites include the Peacock system. the Azure cave system, and Devil's Eve. There Rill also be an "Island Surprise. " Look for it in the not too distant futUre at one of the CDS workshops.

So long for nOR, and don't forget to look for Scad~ents. They are especiallv bad after a big flood.

Once upon a time ina galaxy far. far away.... There was a nai ve voun~ edi tor. This person was pure of heart and had nothing but the best of intentions for / his readership. But alas, his efforts to get these same readers to send in information that could be compiled and returned to them in the form of useful results were largely ignored. He wanted to publish a listins of equipment manUfacturers and dive shops that catered to the needs Of those folks out there so they could avail the.selves of the proverbial "good deal". "real steal", or even the fabled "steel reel" within the kin~dom. Now it came to pass that 3 responses came in... Lemar English Hanufacturing. Inc.: Richardson Enterprises. Inc. and Sirota/Prosser Hidnight Auto Suoply and Cave Divin. EQuioment Five Fingered Enterpri~es d/b/a/ "Those Guys." This was very di scoura.i ng.

Soon. however. another brave youn. kni.ht of the kin.dom arose fro. the ranks and was heard to say, " I bet they really wanted to write a short line and let the rest of us know where to buy a chro.e plated, sintered brass nano-flexor. Why don't we .ive theM another chanca!" Now the not-so-naive young editor said to himself. "Let's publish our request again. and see if it sinks in this time that we are really trying to help these folks!!!!!! If so. and thev really do respond as we always hoped they would, we can orovide a very valuable service. and even publish such a list every year or so as the .alaxy requires ...

* * * IHPORTANT NOTE * * * * * * INFORHATION REOUESTED * * *

Me are requesting information for listing in a future issue of Q~Q~~= ~!I~B S~~~EQLQgr. This information will consist of those manufactu­ rers of specialized equipment for cave diving and those dive shops which cater to the needs of the cave diving community.

The goal of this project is to produce a nationwide guide for cave divers Your help is much appreciated. Please return the following information to Joe Prosser, 7400 N. M. 55th St. Hia.i, Fl. 331bb. ASAP. COHPANY NAHE : ______. ______.__ ... "" ADDRESS

------~------,. PHONE CONTACT: BRIEF LISTING OF PRODUCTS and/or SERVICES:

THE HORAL OF THIS FABLE IS THAT IF YOU FOLKS DON'T CONTRIBUTE EVERY NOM AND THEN. JUST A LITTLE BIT, TO A PROJECT LIKE THIS. THEN ME CAN'T PROVIDE YOU MITH ALL THE INFORHATION THAT YOU MOULD LIKE TO HAVE. PLEASE HELP US. AND IN SO DOING HELP YOURSELF. THANKS FOR YOUR ASSISTANCE -gw •.

I recently beca.e rather painfullY aware that not all of our readership was as happy with the newsletter as we would hope that you are. That is something that we are taking significant steps to correct. Some of those steps are i.ple.ented with this issue of q~Q~B~!IgB ~~~~~Q~Qgr, and others are soon to co.e. I have received a great deal of constructive criticism in the last few weeks and i have tried to listen, and to learn fro. it. I even listened to that which was not so constructive! You see, I like .y job here at the old keyboard, and I want to continue ~o serve the Section in what I feel is a unique capacity. and one that really .atters. I feel that this position is one that you grow into. and one that grows on you. I a. just now .aturing ( . " . into the role. and I find it fits pretty well . One of the .ajor needs of any neRsletter is NERS! There are those .ho feel we have published too .any articles of a .ore technical nature. That May very well be so. but we can only publish -that which is sub.itted. It takes a lot of folks sending in a lot of little ite.s as well. Frankly, I can never get enough of a good thing. Part of the editor's job is to generate the news. and I will do a better job of this for you in the future, but you have to do your part as well. Just for era.ple. I would happilY publish-a calendar of UPCOM­ ing courses to be taught if the instructors involved would si.ply let.e .know I've never received a notice of this sort.

Another big need is for PHOTOS! I have Ranted to feature some of our better photographers and their work on the cover on U. S. but have never received Material of this sort Iro. anyone other than Bill Fehring and Jeff Bozanic. Also included in the saMe vein would be HAPS. I have published alMost all that have been sent. He even have a volunteer in Harvi~ VonalMen that will re-draw your rough sketches for publication if yOU want.

And yet another area of need is in the area of response and/or feedback. Over the last year. we have published some statements that we felt were surely goin~ to raise some eyebrows and cause people to write "letters to the Editor" with a furor. All to no avail. Re never heard many "attaboys" either to let us know we Rere on the ri~ht track! That leaves one to only ~uess how we're doin~. and I guess it is human nature to assume that no news is good neRS.

C' There have been those who feel we may have editorialized too Much at times. That is orobablv true as well. Re Rould welcome cOMmentaries from anyone. but reserve the right to edit as deemed necessary unless the author reserves the right of final approval. That is seldom done. by the way. Yt is a relation­ shio of trust, More than anything else. BORever, you should see some of the items we have not published! Sometimes a person gets all worked UP over an issue or an individUal's actions and it is not very pretty. Hy basic guide­ line is that I don't want to publish sOMething that is highly critical in nature, or that Rill serve no productive purpose. I know I'M gonna raise the hair on a few necks with this one. but I don't see Mucb benefit in alloRing U. S. to become a podiUM for Mud slinging and finger pointing. whether it be between individuals .. , or between agencies. I believe that would be very negatiVe and counter-productive, and in the end. Ron't really help all that Much anyway. There Rill always be legiti.ate reasons for SOMe people to gripe, but why not find the reasons to sbout .ith joy ... to with pride!

There have also been those who Celt that I should have published this. said or done this or that, but I didn't. Oh well, I guess we are all guilty as charged sometimes. I take full responsibility. But is it fair for Me to have to find out that YOU are irritated through the grapevine, rather than YOU letting .e know directly? I found that there were folks that were Mad about things that occurred Many issues back, and I still didn't know about it! Again. the normal human reaction is "No neRS is Rood news!" No. I issue a challenge. one that no one should take lightly. I challenge anyone that has a gripe with this publication in general or its editor in specific to speak up in 8 constructive Manner and help .e .ake it better. because I intend to be bere for a .hile longer, and I BIbL listen! -g••. India Fuller wants to sell a unique set of tanks. Pri.ary criteria for ownership being as follows; 1) 'Rilling to provide these tanks with continued to the raptu- C·' rous depths and cine.atic spectacles of the far horizons of cave ~ivihg. 2) Able to pass a rigid polygraph exa. as well as provide extensive references as to character and suitability Cor ownership. 3) Bave cash to spend. These are a set of Hatergill steel 80 cu. ft. tanks with Sherwood "Ideal" ManiCold, stainless bands and strap barness. These tanks have Clat botto.s and are full at 1800 psi. India wants S30B.BB to transfer the joy of ownership of this set of -good friends." For further inCorMation contact; India Fuller. Bo.e phone Q12-477-835Q. Hork phone Q12-744-288B. .220 load Forest Place. Macon. Ga. 31210

IF YOU CRANGE ADDRESS OR PRONE NUMBER, PLEASE LET US INOR ASAP AS RE IANT YOU TO GET YOUR NERSLETTER! ALSO. RE RILL PUBLISH TRE MEMBERSHIP ROSTER ONCE A YEAR IN FEBRUARY, AND IT IS IN YOUR BEST INTEREST TO RAVE OUR INFO CURRENT. IF YOU ARE ON TRE RECOVERY TEAM. IT IS IMPERATIVE TRAT YOU NOTIFY TBE NATIONAL CRIME INFORHATION CENTER (N.C. I. C.) AT QB4-b33-415Q RITRIN 24 BOURS OF A CHANGE IN ADDRESS OR PHONE.

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RETURN HAIL ADDRESS;

NSS CAVE DIVING SECTION cIa SANDY FERRING. TREASURER 35B8 BaLLOR OAI PLACE BRANDON. FL. 33511