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The Formation and Limits of the Human in Modern Korea and Japan, by Travis Workman Imperial Genus

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The Formation and Limits of the Human in Modern Korea and Japan, by Travis Workman Imperial Genus Imperial Genus THE FORMATION AND LIMITS OF THE HUMAN IN MODERN KOREA AND JAPAN TRAVIS WORKMAN Luminos is the open access monograph publishing program from UC Press. Luminos provides a framework for preserving and rein- vigorating monograph publishing for the future and increases the reach and visibility of important scholarly work. Titles published in the UC Press Luminos model are published with the same high standards for selection, peer review, production, and marketing as those in our traditional program. www.luminosoa.org STUDIES OF THE WEATHERHEAD EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY The Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute of Columbia University were inaugurated in 1962 to bring to a wider public the results of significant new research on modern and contem- porary East Asia. For a select list of books in the series, see page 308. Imperial Genus ASIA PACIFIC MODERN Takashi Fujitani, Series Editor 1. Erotic Grotesque Nonsense: The Mass Culture of Japanese Modern Times, by Miriam Silverberg 2. Visuality and Identity: Sinophone Articulations across the Pacific, by Shu-mei Shih 3. The Politics of Gender in Colonial Korea: Education, Labor, and Health, 1910–1945, by Theo- dore Jun Yoo 4. Frontier Constitutions: Christianity and Colonial Empire in the Nineteenth-Century Philip- pines, by John D. Blanco 5. Tropics of Savagery: The Culture of Japanese Empire in Comparative Frame, by Robert Thomas Tierney 6. Colonial Project, National Game: A History of Baseball in Taiwan, by Andrew D. Morris 7. Race for Empire: Koreans as Japanese and Japanese as Americans during World War II, by T. Fujitani 8. The Gender of Memory: Rural Women and China’s Collective Past, by Gail Hershatter 9. A Passion for Facts: Social Surveys and the Construction of the Chinese Nation-State, 1900– 1949, by Tong Lam 11. Redacted: The Archives of Censorship in Transwar Japan, by Jonathan E. Abel 12. Assimilating Seoul: Japanese Rule and the Politics of Public Space in Colonial Korea, 1910–1945, by Todd A. Henry 13. Working Skin: Making Leather, Making a Multicultural Japan, by Joseph D. Hankins 14. Imperial Genus: The Formation and Limits of the Human in Modern Korea and Japan, by Travis Workman Imperial Genus The Formation and Limits of the Human in Modern Korea and Japan Travis Workman UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS 1 2 3 4 University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university 5 presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advanc- 6 ing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic 7 contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, 8 visit www.ucpress.edu. 9 University of California Press 10 Oakland, California 11 12 © 2016 by The Regents of the University of California 13 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND license. 14 To view a copy of the license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses. 15 Suggested citation: Workman, Travis. Imperial Genus: The Formation and 16 Limits of the Human in Modern Korea and Japan. Oakland: University of 17 California Press, 2016. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/luminos.9 18 19 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 20 21 Workman, Travis, 1979- author. Imperial genus : the formation and limits of the human in modern 22 Korea and Japan / Travis Workman. 23 pages cm. — (Asia Pacific modern ; 14) 24 Includes bibliographical references and index. 25 ISBN 978–0-520–28959–8 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 0–520–28959–5 26 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978–0-520–96419–8 (ebook) — ISBN 0–520–96419–5 (ebook) 27 1. Korea—History—Japanese occupation, 1910–1945. 2. Essentialism 28 (Philosophy) 3. Korean literature—20th century—History and criticism. 29 4. Japanese literature—20th century—History and criticism. 30 5. Japan—Cultural policy—History—20th century. 6. Japan—Politics 31 and government—1912–1945. 7. Korea—Colonial influence. 32 I. Title. II. Series: Asia Pacific modern ; 14. DS916.54.W67 2016 33 951.9'03—dc23 34 2015029804 35 36 37 Manufactured in the United States of America 38 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 39 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 40 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of 41 ansi/niso z39.48-1992 (r 2002) (Permanence of Paper). Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction 1 The Japanese Empire and Universality 1 The Logic of Genus-Being 6 From Civilization to Culture in Imperial Rule, 1895–1919 13 Practice, Pragmatics, and Norming Space 18 The Limits of the Human 22 1. Culturalism and the Human 26 Culturalism and Cultural Policy 26 Morality, Life, and the Person: Kuwaki Gen’yoku 31 Political Economy and Cultural Economy: The Limit Concept in Sōda Kiichirō 41 Translating the Human, Communicating Concepts, National Language 49 Japan’s Area Studies: Korea as Cultural and Literary Region 56 2. The Colony and the World: Nation, Poetics, and Biopolitics in Yi Kwang-su 62 Cultural Reconstruction 66 Forming Life for Humanity 70 Cosmopolitan Sentiment and the Role of Literature 80 Finitude and the Allegorical Novel 84 Critiques of Cultural Personhood 92 vi Contents 1 3. Labor and Bildung in Marxism and the Proletarian Arts 98 2 An Uncertain International: Nakano Shigeharu and Im Hwa 102 3 Soviet Debates: Unevenness, Anthropology, and Culture 108 4 Proletarian Bildung in East Asia: The Cultural Formation of a 5 National Proletariat 113 6 Economic Stages of Genus-Being: Paek Nam-un 128 7 8 Proletarian Culture and the East Asian Community 132 9 4. Other Chronotopes in Realist Literature 134 10 Chronotope and Humanism 134 11 Allegory and Realism in Fiction and Criticism 139 12 Ch’oe Sŏ-hae: Migration, Letters, and Death 153 13 14 Countryside, City, Primitive Accumulation 160 15 5. World History and Minor Literature 167 16 The World-Historical State 167 17 Osmotic Expression 176 18 19 Ch’oe Chae-sŏ and People’s Literature: The Crisis of Modern Humanism 180 20 Translation as Tactic 191 21 Acting Human: The Minor Literature of Kim Sa-ryang and Kim Nam-ch’ŏn 196 22 Ambiguous Identities: “Into the Light” 208 23 6. Modernism without a Home: Cinematic Literature, 24 Colonial Architecture, and Yi Sang’s Poetics 213 25 26 Modernist Temporality and Imperialism 214 27 The Ecstatic Time of Cinematic Literature: Ch’oe Chae-sŏ and 28 Yokomitsu Riichi 219 29 Culturalism and Architectural Space: Korea and Architecture 229 30 Yi Sang’s Cinepoetic Space: “Blueprint for a Three-Dimensional Shape” 240 31 32 Notes 249 33 Appendix 271 34 Opening an Umbrella on Yokohama Pier/Im Hwa 271 35 Blueprint for a Three-Dimensional Shape/Yi Sang 273 36 37 Selected Bibliography 277 38 Index 293 39 40 41 Acknowledgments In the decade I have been working on this project, I have received help and support from a number of teachers, colleagues, students, and institutions. I was blessed to have Brett de Bary as a dissertation adviser. She patiently helped me to work through my ideas and to chart a manageable path during my years at Cornell. She also gave me important advice and comments about writing in the early stages of the dissertation, which I carried with me all the way until the completion of this book. The influence of Naoki Sakai’s thinking and the effects of his teaching are apparent throughout this work and I was very fortunate to have the opportunity to be immersed in philosophy, translation, and political discussion in the context of his seminars. He has an enviable ability to pinpoint the crux of a theoretical or historical problem, and at multiple points his responses to what I had done so far led me in new and fruitful directions. In addition to their individual contribu- tions to my growth as a scholar, they, along with J. Victor Koschmann, created a transnational environment for comparative historical and literary studies that I was extremely lucky to enter into as a young graduate student in East Asian stud- ies. Michael D. Shin introduced me to the field of Korean studies and generously shared with me his knowledge of colonial period intellectual history, as well as many of the specific discoveries he had made in his archival research. Without the connections he made between Yi Kwang-su and Japanese culturalism, this project would have been impossible. Harry Harootunian’s work has affected my own for quite some time and he also kindly gave me guidance concerning publishing. Other professors who had a strong impact on me through their teaching are Susan Buck-Morss and Peter Hohendahl. Many of the central ideas in the book were developed during vii viii Acknowledgments a summer at Cornell’s School of Criticism and Theory, where I was fortunate to take a seminar with Robert J. C. Young. I could not have hoped for a better cohort in graduate school and many of my peers ended up being my teachers as well; Takeshi Kimoto, Pedro Erber, Gavin Walker, Annmaria Shimabuku, John Namjun Kim, Yoshiaki Mihara, Judy Park, Sean Franzel, and Josh Dittrich all contributed ideas and necessary distrac- tions. Sun Min Oh steered me toward very useful texts and helped me to connect with scholars in South Korea. With great generosity and kindness, Go Mi-sook, Yi Jin-kyung, and Goh Byeong-gwon welcomed me to research, study, eat, cook, and occasionally pluck away at a piano at their commune in Seoul. It inspired me to think that intellectual pursuits could still be meaningful and transformative in practice. Thanks also to Tobias Liefert, Emilia Wojtasik, Maija Brown, and David Olson, and to Pia Vogler for her encouragement.
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