DOCSLIB.ORG

Limits of American Power Author(S): Joseph S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Limits of American Power Author(S): Joseph S Limits of American Power Author(s): Joseph S. Nye, Jr. Reviewed work(s): Source: Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 117, No. 4 (Winter, 2002-2003), pp. 545-559 Published by: The Academy of Political Science Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/798134 . Accessed: 03/01/2012 13:26 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Academy of Political Science is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Political Science Quarterly. http://www.jstor.org Limitsof AmericanPower JOSEPH S. NYE, JR. Not since Rome has one nation loomed so large above the others. In the words of The Economist,"the United States bestridesthe globe like a colossus.It dominatesbusiness, commerce and communications;its economyis the world'smost successful,its militarymight second to none."'French foreign ministerHubert Vedrine argued in 1999 that the United States had gone be- yond its superpowerstatus of the twentieth century. "U.S. supremacytoday extends to the economy, currency,military areas, lifestyle, language and the productsof mass culturethat inundatethe world,forming thought and fascinat- ing even the enemies of the United States."2Or as two Americantriumphalists put it, "Today'sinternational system is built not arounda balanceof power but aroundAmerican hegemony."3 As globalinterdependence has increased,many have argued that globalizationis simply a disguise for Americanimperialism. The German newsmagazineDer Spiegel reported that "Americanidols and icons are shapingthe world from Katmanduto Kinshasa,from Cairo to Cara- cas. Globalizationwears a 'Made in USA' label."4 The United States is undoubtedlythe world'snumber one power, but how long can this situationlast, and what should we do with it? Some punditsand I "America's World," The Economist, 23 October 1999. 2 Lara Marlowe, "FrenchMinister Urges Greater UN Role to Counter US Hyperpower,"The Irish Times,4 November 1999. In 1998,Vedrine coined the term "hyperpower"to describe the United States because "the word 'superpower'seems to me too closely linked to the cold war and militaryissues." Hubert Vedrine with Dominique Moisi, France in an Age of Globalization (Washington,DC: Brook- ings Institution Press, 2001), 2. 3 Robert Kagan and William Kristol, "The Present Danger," The National Interest(Spring 2000). 4 William Drozdiak, "Even Allies Resent U.S. Dominance," WashingtonPost, 4 November 1997. JOSEPH S. NYE, JR., is dean of the Kennedy School of Government at HarvardUniversity and was chairmanof the National Intelligence Council and an assistantsecretary of defense in the Clinton ad- ministration.A frequent contributorto the New York Times,Washington Post, and WallStreet Journal, he is the authorof several books, includingGovernance in a Globalizing Worldand Bound to Lead: The ChangingNature of AmericanPower. This articleis adaptedfrom his most recent book, TheParadox of American Power. Political Science Quarterly Volume 117 Number 4 2002-03 545 546 I POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY scholars argue that U.S. preeminence is simply the result of the collapse of the Soviet Union and that this "unipolar moment" will be brief.5American strategy should be to husband strength and engage the world only selectively. Others argue that America's power is so great that it will last for decades, and the uni- polar moment can become a unipolar era.6 Charles Krauthammer argued in early 2001 that "after a decade of Prometheus playing pygmy, the first task of the new administration is to reassert American freedom of action." We should refuse to play "the docile international citizen.... The new unilateralism recog- nizes the uniqueness of the unipolar world we now inhabit and thus marks the real beginning of American post-Cold War foreign policy."7 Even before September 2001, this prescription was challenged by many, both liberals and conservatives, who consider themselves realists and consider it almost a law of nature in international politics that if one nation becomes too strong, others will team up to balance its power. In their eyes, America's cur- rent predominance is ephemeral.8 As evidence, they might cite an Indian jour- nalist who urges a strategic triangle linking Russia, India, and China "to provide a counterweight in what now looks like a dangerously unipolar world,"9or the president of Venezuela telling a conference of oil producers that "the 21st cen- tury should be multipolar, and we all ought to push for the development of such a world."'0Even friendly sources such as The Economist agree that "the one- superpower world will not last. Within the next couple of decades a China with up to 11/2billion people, a strongly growing economy and probably a still author- itarian government will almost certainly be trying to push its interests. ... Sooner or later some strong and honest man will pull post-Yeltsin Russia to- gether, and another contender for global influence will have reappeared."11In my view, terrorism notwithstanding, American preponderance will last well into this century-but only if the United States learns to use power wisely. Predicting the rise and fall of nations is notoriously difficult. In February 1941, publishing magnate Henry Luce boldly proclaimed the "American cen- 5 See CharlesKrauthammer, "The Unipolar Moment,"Foreign Affairs (Winter 1990-1991):23-33; ChristopherLane, "The Unipolar Illusion:Why New Great Powers Will Arise," InternationalSecurity (Spring 1993): 5-51; Charles Kupchan, "After Pax Americana: Benign Power, Regional Integration and the Sources of Stable Multipolarity,"International Security (Fall 1998). 6 WilliamWohlforth, "The Stability of a Unipolar World"in Michael Brown et al., America'sStrate- gic Choices, rev. ed. (Cambridge,MA: MIT Press, 2000), 305, 309; also from a liberal perspective, G. John Ikenberry,"Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Persistence of American Postwar Order," InternationalSecurity (Winter 1998-99): 43-78. 7 Charles Krauthammer,"The New Unilateralism,"Washington Post, 8 June 2001. 8Kenneth Waltz, "Globalization and Governance," Political Science and Politics (December 1999): 700. 9Sunanda K. Datta-Ray, "Will Dream PartnershipBecome Reality?" The Straits Times (Singa- pore), 25 December 1998. 10 Hugo Chavez quoted in Larry Rohter, "A Man with Big Ideas, a Small Country ... and Oil," New York Times,24 September 2000. n "When the Snarling'sOver," The Economist, 13 March 1999. LIMITSOF AMERICANPOWER I 547 tury."Yet by the 1980s,many analyststhought Luce's vision had run its course, the victim of such culprits as Vietnam, a slowing economy, and imperial overstretch.In 1985, economist Lester Thurow asked why, when Rome had lasted a thousandyears as a republicand an empire,we were slippingafter only fifty.12Polls showed that half the public agreed that the nation was contracting in power and prestige.13 The declinistswho filled American bestseller lists a decade ago were not the firstto go wrong.After Britainlost its Americancolonies in the eighteenth century,Horace Walpole lamentedBritain's reduction to "a miserablelittle is- land" as insignificantas Denmarkor Sardinia.14His predictionwas colored by the then currentview of colonial commerce and failed to foresee the coming industrialrevolution that would give Britaina second centurywith even greater preeminence. Similarly,the American declinists failed to understandthat a "thirdindustrial revolution" was aboutto give the United States a "secondcen- tury."15The United States has certainlybeen the leader in the global informa- tion revolution. On the other hand, nothing lasts forever in world politics. A centuryago, economic globalizationwas as high by some measuresas it is today. World fi- nance rested on a gold standard,immigration was at unparalleledlevels, trade was increasing,and Britainhad an empireon whichthe sun never set. As author William Pfaff put it, "Responsible political and economic scholars in 1900 would undoubtedlyhave describedthe twentieth-centuryprospect as continu- ing imperialrivalries within a Europe-dominatedworld, lasting paternalistic tu- telage by Europeansof their Asian and African colonies, solid constitutional governmentin WesternEurope, steadilygrowing prosperity, increasing scien- tific knowledge turned to human benefit, etc. All would have been wrong."16 Whatfollowed, of course,were two worldwars, the greatsocial disease of total- itarianfascism and communism,the end of Europeanempires, and the end of Europe as the arbiter of world power. Economic globalizationwas reversed and did not again reach its 1914 levels until the 1970s. Conceivably,it could happen again. Can we do better as we enter the twenty-firstcentury? The apocryphaof Yogi Berrawarns us not to make predictions,particularly about the future.Yet we have no choice. We walk aroundwith picturesof the futurein our heads as 12 Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and MilitaryConflict from 1500-2000 (New York: Random House, 1987); Lester Thurow, The Zero Sum Solution (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985). 13Martilla and Kiley, Inc. (Boston, MA), Americans Talk Security,no. 6, May 1988, and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Climate Debate Held Hostage by the G2
    China Perspectives 2011/1 | 2011 The National Learning Revival The Climate Debate Held Hostage by the G2 Jean-Paul Maréchal Translator: N. Jayaram Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/5383 DOI: 10.4000/chinaperspectives.5383 ISSN: 1996-4617 Publisher Centre d'étude français sur la Chine contemporaine Printed version Date of publication: 1 January 2011 Number of pages: 56-62 ISSN: 2070-3449 Electronic reference Jean-Paul Maréchal, « The Climate Debate Held Hostage by the G2 », China Perspectives [Online], 2011/1 | 2011, Online since 30 March 2014, connection on 28 October 2019. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/5383 ; DOI : 10.4000/chinaperspectives.5383 © All rights reserved China perspectives Articles The Climate Debate Held Hostage by the G2 JEAN-PAUL MARÉCHAL* Real optimism lies in saying that the next 25,000 years will be very that can be said about this quote is that it is confirmed by all available in - difficult. – Romain Gary dicators, be they measures of economic might or (present and future) re - sponsibility for climate change. year after the Copenhagen Summit, the Cancun Conference (29 November-11 December 2010) showed that, despite some The world’s top two economies (in PPP terms) progress, nothing decisive will happen in facing up to climate A (2) change without the engagement of the United States as well as the Peo - Calculated in “purchasing power parities” (PPP) terms, the US and Chi - ple’s Republic of China. In the climate arena, as in so many others, the G2 nese gross domestic products are the world’s two highest.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lost Generation in American Foreign Policy How American Influence Has Declined, and What Can Be Done About It
    September 2020 Perspective EXPERT INSIGHTS ON A TIMELY POLICY ISSUE JAMES DOBBINS, GABRIELLE TARINI, ALI WYNE The Lost Generation in American Foreign Policy How American Influence Has Declined, and What Can Be Done About It n the aftermath of World War II, the United States accepted the mantle of global leadership and worked to build a new global order based on the principles of nonaggression and open, nondiscriminatory trade. An early pillar of this new Iorder was the Marshall Plan for European reconstruction, which British histo- rian Norman Davies has called “an act of the most enlightened self-interest in his- tory.”1 America’s leaders didn’t regard this as charity. They recognized that a more peaceful and more prosperous world would be in America’s self-interest. American willingness to shoulder the burdens of world leadership survived a costly stalemate in the Korean War and a still more costly defeat in Vietnam. It even survived the end of the Cold War, the original impetus for America’s global activ- ism. But as a new century progressed, this support weakened, America’s influence slowly diminished, and eventually even the desire to exert global leadership waned. Over the past two decades, the United States experienced a dramatic drop-off in international achievement. A generation of Americans have come of age in an era in which foreign policy setbacks have been more frequent than advances. C O R P O R A T I O N Awareness of America’s declining influence became immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic and by Obama commonplace among observers during the Barack Obama with Ebola, has also been widely noted.
    [Show full text]
  • Deterrence Through Strength
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters University of Nebraska Press 2011 Deterrence through Strength Rebecca Berens Matzke Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/unpresssamples Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Matzke, Rebecca Berens, "Deterrence through Strength" (2011). University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters. 106. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/unpresssamples/106 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Nebraska Press at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Deterrence through Strength Buy the Book Studies in War, Society, and the Military general editors Peter Maslowski University of Nebraska–Lincoln David Graff Kansas State University Reina Pennington Norwich University editorial board D’Ann Campbell Director of Government and Foundation Relations, U.S. Coast Guard Foundation Mark A. Clodfelter National War College Brooks D. Simpson Arizona State University Roger J. Spiller George C. Marshall Professor of Military History U.S. Army Command and General Staff College (retired) Timothy H. E. Travers University of Calgary Arthur Waldron Lauder Professor of International Relations University of Pennsylvania Buy the Book Deterrence through Strength British Naval Power and Foreign Policy under Pax Britannica rebecca berens matzke University of Nebraska Press | Lincoln and London Buy the Book © 2011 by the Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data Matzke, Rebecca Berens.
    [Show full text]
  • Why the Liberal World Order Will Survive G
    ROUNDTABLE: RISING POWERS AND THE INTERNATIONAL ORDER Why the Liberal World Order Will Survive G. John Ikenberry he international order built and led by the United States and its part- ners is in crisis. In the Middle East, East Asia, and even in Western T Europe, long-standing regional orders are in transition or breaking down. Global international agreements and institutions—across the realms of trade, arms control, environment, human rights—seem to be weakening. For seventy years the United States has stood at the center of a Western-oriented, liberal international system, organized around openness, rules, and multilateral cooperation. After the cold war this American liberal hegemonic order spread outward and seemed to offer the world a universal logic for global politics. But that unipolar moment has now passed. Today, the United States and the Western industrial democracies, roiled by nationalist and populist upheavals, have turned inward and appear less committed to their own post-war liberal international project. The crisis of the American-led international order would seem to open up new opportunities for rising states—notably China, India, and other non-Western developing countries—to reshape the global order. But in what ways are rising states seeking to reform or reorganize the rules and institutions of the post-war era? Do they seek to rise up and integrate into the existing international order or do they seek to transform it? Are they “stakeholder” or “revisionist” states? Over the past decade, these questions have stood at the center of debates about the future of the global system. Indeed, the Obama administration placed the chal- lenge of integrating rising states at the center of its foreign policy.
    [Show full text]
  • American Exceptionalism, American Decline? Research, the Knowledge Economy, and the 21St Century Challenge
    AMERICAN EXCEPTIONALISM, AMERICAN DECLINE? Research, the Knowledge Economy, and the 21st Century Challenge December 2012 Benchmarks of Our Innovation Future III | Task Force on American Innovation | www.futureofinnovation.org TASK FORCE ON AMERICAN INNOVATION www.futureofinnovation.org AMERICAN EXCEPTIONALISM, AMERICAN DECLINE? Research, the Knowledge Economy, and the 21st Century Challenge Benchmarks Of Our Innovation Future III December 2012 The Task Force on American Innovation is a coalition of businesses, scientific and university organizations that came together in 2004 out of concern that insufficient investment by the federal government in research in the physical sciences and engineering was threatening the nation’s global economic leadership and national security in an increasingly competitive world. http://www.futureofinnovation.org Acknowledgements This document was produced by the members of the Task Force on American Innovation. Special thanks go to Josh Trapani of the Association of American Universities, Robert Rains and Paul Fakes of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Abby Benson of the University of Colorado, and Steve Pierson of the American Statistical Association for their role in helping to write and edit this report. Special thanks are also due to Tawanda Johnson and Krystal Ferguson of the American Physical Society for their help with the layout and graphics for the report. TASK FORCE ON AMERICAN INNOVATION www.futureofinnovation.org TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Historical Introduction POSC 1020 – Introduction to International Relations
    What Shaped Our World? A Historical Introduction POSC 1020 – Introduction to International Relations Steven V. Miller Department of Political Science Puzzle(s) for Today International cooperation is variable through history. Why? 2/34 Number of Inter-State War Onsets, by Decade The 1910s had the most unique inter-state war onsets (10) of any decade. 10 10 9 8 8 Number of Inter-State Wars 8 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 0 1820s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Decade Data: Correlates of War (Inter-State) War Data (v. 4.0). Temporal Domain: 1816-2007. 3/34 The Percentage of the International System in an Inter-state War, 1816-2007 We observe clear spikes in the 1860s, 1910s, and 1940s, which were particularly violent decades. 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% Percentage of State System in an Inter-state War 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year Data: Correlates of War (Inter-State) War Data (v. 4.0) and State System Membership (to 2016). Temporal Domain: 1816-2007. Note: we could use the Gibler-Miller-Little MID data and extend this to 2010 with much better assessments of inter-state war but that wouldn't change the story here. 4/34 Number of Inter-State War Battle Deaths, by Decade Most wars don't claim a lot of fatalities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tragedy of American Supremacy
    Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2015 The rT agedy of American Supremacy Dante R. Toppo Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Toppo, Dante R., "The rT agedy of American Supremacy" (2015). CMC Senior Theses. Paper 1141. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1141 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLAREMONT MCKENNA COLLEGE THE TRAGEDY OF AMERICAN SUPREMACY: HOW WINNING THE COLD WAR LOST THE LIBERAL WORLD ORDER SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR JENNIFER MORRISON TAW AND DEAN NICHOLAS WARNER BY DANTE TOPPO FOR SENIOR THESIS SPRING 2015 APRIL 27, 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I must thank Professor Jennifer Taw, without whom this thesis would literally not be possible. I thank her for wrestling through theory with me, eviscerating my first five outlines, demolishing my first two Chapter Ones, and gently suggesting I start over once or twice. I also thank her for her unflagging support for my scholarly and professional pursuits over the course of my four years at Claremont McKenna, for her inescapable eye for lazy analysis, and for mentally beating me into shape during her freshman honors IR seminar. Above all, I thank her for steadfastly refusing to accept anything but my best. I must also thank my friends, roommates, co-workers, classmates and unsuspecting underclassmen who asked me “How is thesis?” Your patience as I shouted expletives about American foreign policy was greatly appreciated and I thank you for it.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Hegemonic Decline in Southeast Asia: the Case of ASEAN Cooperation Amidst an Outpaced U.S
    Impacts of Hegemonic Decline in Southeast Asia: The Case of ASEAN cooperation amidst an outpaced U.S. Foreign Policy Anthony T. Reyes POS 4970, Senior Thesis Honors Thesis Candidate Spring 2016 Professor Selden University of Florida Reyes INTRODUCTION I first had the opportunity to visit the Philippines at the age of nine for my grandfather’s funeral. While I was largely oblivious to the deep cultural, familial, and moral obligation I had to be there I did recognize early on that I was no longer in the United States. I vividly remember arriving in Cebu on a rainy day and seeing the streets filled with families coming out of their makeshift shelters to bathe in the rainwater and bottling it for future consumption. My favorite place to visit had always been the local shopping mall where only upper-class Filipinos and foreigners could enter, and where store employees largely outnumbered visiting shoppers. To a younger and more innocent version of myself, the favoritism was a result of it feeling comfortable and familiar to my home stateside. On my most recent visit there, however, the experience was much more different. There were now three shopping centers within a ten-mile radius, and they were crowded. Filled with individuals regardless of income level or economic stratum, I even lost my traveling companion in the sea of people on a busy Saturday morning. When I would arrive at my grandmother’s home, I noticed my cousins were playing with the same Nintendo gaming console I was; with even newer games. This small personal anecdote is used to illustrate the growth of the Southeast Asian sub-region.
    [Show full text]
  • Landpower Essay Series
    LANDPOWER ESSAY SERIES No. 92-3 August1992 THE UNITED STATES ARMY AT THE CROSSROADS TO THE 21st CENTURY by Colonel Wolf-Dietrich Kutter, USA Ret. Introduction This paper is intended to be provocative, to generate ideas for thought and to cross those invisible boundaries formed in our minds through years of professional concepts convergence. The U.S. Army is at a crossroads- conceptually, organizationally and institutionally- as it heads into the 21st century. The notion that we should examine fundamental premises is particularly important as we set the stage for Total Army Analysis (TAA) 1996-2001. Thus, this article seeks to foster rethinking. We are now at the beginning of an era that can be likened to the post-Napoleonic period. That era of strategic change, much like ours, marked England and reframed its focus from containment operations on the continent as the alliance leader, in concert with its Portuguese, Dutch and Prussian allies, to one of preeminent world power. The extraordinary growth of the Indian empire resulted, as well as economic growth in England which ushered in the industrial age. Paul Kennedy, in his The Rise and Fallof Great Powers, would have us believe that economic wealth and capital formation are essential to sustain great powers. One could positthat British senescence was avoided through the creative use of "trading companies" to expand Pax Britannica by minimizing its investment in standing forces. NATO's 40-year historical GNP contribution to containment and collective security ranged between three and four percent per annum, while the United States, as the alliance leader, contributed as much as six percent per annum to sustain that effort, and ultimately prevailed in the Cold War.
    [Show full text]
  • The World in 2030
    Marketing communication 30 September 2020 The World in 2030 Fragments of the imagination RaboResearch Global Economics & Markets Summary mr.rabobank.com This report will try to flesh out the parameters of the emergent world order of 2030 In part 1, we explain how Liberal World Orders (LWOs) of the past collapsed and the causes, Michael Every Global Strategist and show there are worrying parallels with today: a relative decline in hegemonic power In part 2, we define the dimensions of hegemonic power --economic/financial, military, and Teeuwe Mevissen cultural-- and quantify and project them to 2030 for a group of leading states to see which Senior Macro Strategist show hegemonic potential Crucially, we argue for the US to remain hegemon it needs to turn rule-breaker rather than rule-maker and rule-taker In part 3, our results show 2030 is still likely to see US hegemony, but its relative position will be weaker in some key respects China may opt, or be forced, to decouple to retain primacy among a subset of countries Europe will strive for strategic autonomy but will only have limited success The potential pro-US camp should dwarf the pro-China camp in terms of economic and cultural power, but militarily the gap will become smaller: a parallel to the Cold War Overall, however, the world is likely to become increasingly fragmented “Someone remarked that the best way to unite all the This will be done via looking at hegemonic theory across nations on this globe would be an attack from some other three crucial dimensions (economic, military, and cultural) , planet.
    [Show full text]
  • Nato's European Members
    Naval War College Review Volume 56 Article 3 Number 1 Winter 2003 Nato’s European Members Richard L. Russell Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation Russell, Richard L. (2003) "Nato’s European Members," Naval War College Review: Vol. 56 : No. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol56/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Russell: Nato’s European Members NATO’S EUROPEAN MEMBERS Partners or Dependents? Richard L. Russell he transatlantic relationship is fraying at the edges. The Europeans are in- Tcreasingly uneasy over the George W. Bush administration’s national secu- rity policy, judging by the pronouncements coming from government officials. While the tragedies of 11 September 2001 garnered Americans broad sympathy in Europe, emotional support since has steadily eroded. What had been Euro- pean sympathy on a personal level to American pain and suffering is gradually giving way to anxiety about this nation’s preponderance of global power, mixed with an awareness—if in many instances only subconsciously—of Europe’s own shortcomings, particularly in the realm of international security. Certainly, European capitals are lending a hand in the diplomatic, intelli- gence, and police work needed to track and round up al-Qa‘ida operatives who use Europe as a hub for international operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Orders and Borders: Unipolarity and the Issue of Homeland Security David G
    This article was downloaded by: [David G. Haglund] On: 06 July 2012, At: 09:31 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Canadian Foreign Policy Journal Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rcfp20 Orders and borders: Unipolarity and the issue of homeland security David G. Haglund a a Department of Political Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada Version of record first published: 06 Jul 2012 To cite this article: David G. Haglund (2012): Orders and borders: Unipolarity and the issue of homeland security, Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 18:1, 9-25 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2012.674383 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and- conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
    [Show full text]