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Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) and Considerations on Polymorphic Traits in the Genus and Gonyleptidae

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Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) and Considerations on Polymorphic Traits in the Genus and Gonyleptidae TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Zootaxa 3736 (1): 069–081 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3736.1.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:781B91EA-5602-4466-B815-5EEB74023736 Description of Mitogoniella mucuri sp. nov. (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) and considerations on polymorphic traits in the genus and Gonyleptidae LUDSON NEVES DE ÁZARA¹,³, MARCIO BERNARDINO DASILVA²,³ & RODRIGO LOPES FERREIRA¹ ¹Laboratório de Ecologia Subterrânea, Setor de Zoologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil. ²Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa- PB, Brasil. ³Corresponding authors. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Mitogoniella mucuri sp. nov. is described for some caves in Minas Gerais, Brazil. This species differs from other Mitogoniella species by large tubercles on the ocularium that have fused bases and free apices (or almost fully fused tubercles with bifurcated apices), and by a large dry-mark between tubercles on the longitudinal groove of area III. Mitogoniella species are hard to recognize: their males lack any armature on leg IV (normally an important diagnostic character among gonyleptid species), and they also present many polymorphisms in coloration (dry-mark), male secondary sex characters, the number of dorsal scutal granules, and the shapes of tubercles on the ocularium. The patterns of these polymorphisms are discussed for the genus and for the family. The present work also presents new occurrences for all the species of the genus, and their biogeography is discussed. Key words: Goniosomatinae, taxonomy, caves, biogeography Introduction Gonyleptidae is the largest family of the opilionid suborder Laniatores, with 16 subfamilies and 829 species (Kury & Pinto-da-Rocha 2007; Kury 2013). The subfamily Goniosomatinae is composed of six genera and 36 species, all of them possessing armed and strong pedipalps, large bodies, varied and conspicuous coloration and, usually, very long legs (some more than 20 centimeters) (DaSilva & Gnaspini 2010). Goniosomatinae represents one of the nine subfamilies of Gonyleptidae that are endemic to Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest, with the species occurring from Southern Bahia to Santa Catarina States, making these species good models for biogeographic studies (DaSilva & Gnaspini 2010). Mitogoniella occurs in southeast Bahia and south and east of Minas Gerais State (Serra do Espinhaço and Serra da Mantiqueira mountain ranges and adjacent valleys). The latter region (Serra da Mantiqueira) also harbors Acutisoma Roewer, 1913, the sister-genus of Mitogoniella (DaSilva & Gnaspini 2010). Four species of Mitogoniella are known—M. modesta (Perty, 1833); M. unicornis DaSilva & Gnaspini, 2010; M. indistincta Mello-Leitão, 1936 (type species) and M. taquara DaSilva & Gnaspini, 2010—and there is great morphological similarity among them but a great variation on an intraspecific level. Mitogoniella indistincta and M. taquara occurs in Minas Gerais State, and M. unicornis and M. modesta are hitherto known only from Bahia State. In this paper, a new species of Mitogoniella is described, new geographical occurrences of all species of the genus are listed, and its biogeography is also discussed; furthermore, polymorphisms in Gonyleptidae are discussed. Methodology All specimens were collected in granitic caves in the municipalities of Caraí, Novo Oriente de Minas and Padre Accepted by A. Perez-Gonzalez: 16 Oct. 2013; published: 11 Nov. 2013 69 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Paraíso, and in Alagoa the single individual collected was from an artificial mine. The habitat surrounding most of the caves is well preserved (Figure 1A). Animals were manually collected and fixed in 70% ethanol. Type material of the new species was deposited in the following Brazilian collections: Coleção de Invertebrados Subterrâneos de Lavras, Setor de Zoologia/ Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State (ISLA); Coleção de Invertebrados Paulo Young, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba State (UFPB), and Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State (MZSP). New occurrences of other species of Mitogoniella were compiled from specimens deposited in MZSP, UFPB, ISLA and in the Museu Nacional da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro State (MNRJ). We adopted the morphological terminology proposed by DaSilva and Gnaspini (2010). Fifteen male and four female specimens were used for granules, tarsi and penis setae counting, and measurement of appendages and dorsal scute length. Morphological structures were measured with an ocular micrometer of a stereomicroscope (Zeiss Stemi 2000-c) and a digital caliper (Messen). The penises from three paratypes were each placed on aluminum support stubs, over a film of aluminum foil with carbon tape, sputter-covered with gold (Baltec SCD 050), and observed in a LEO EVO 40 XVP scanning electron microscope (Leo Electron Microscopy). Drawing and photos were made using a Leica M205A stereomicroscope with the software Leica Application Suite Automontage. Taxonomy Mitogoniella mucuri sp. nov. (Figs. 1 C, 2, 3, 4 A–C, 5 and 6) Type material. Holotype: male (ISLA 3961) from Loca do Ribeirão Anastácio I, Novo Oriente de Minas, Minas Gerais, 16/VI/2012, leg. Ferreira, R.L. Paratypes: 3 females (ISLA 3966), 2 males (MZSP 38154), same data as holotype; 2 males and 1 female (ISLA 1497) from Gruta do Roxo, Novo Oriente de Minas, 20/VII/2002, leg. Ferreira, R.L.; 1 male (ISLA 3963) from Loca do Ribeirão Anastácio I, Novo Oriente de Minas, Minas Gerais, 23/ X/2012, leg. Ferreira, R.L.; 1 male (ISLA 3965) from Loca do Ribeirão Anastácio I, Novo Oriente de Minas, Minas Gerais, 03/X/2012, leg. Ferreira, R.L.; 1 female (ISLA 3968) from Loca do Ribeirão Anastácio I, Novo Oriente de Minas, Minas Gerais, 03/X/2012, leg. Ferreira, R.L., 1 male (UFPB OP-77) from Loca do Ribeirão do Anastácio I, Novo Oriente de Minas, Minas Gerais, 03/X/2002, leg. Ferreira, R.L., 1 male and 1 female (UFPB OP-91) from Loca do Ribeirão do Anastácio I, Novo Oriente de Minas, Minas Gerais, 03/VI/2012, leg. Ferreira, R.L.; 1 male and 1 female (ISLA 3969) from Lapa do Córrego Vieira, Padre Paraíso, Minas Gerais, 10/VII/2004, leg. Ferreira, R.L.; 1 male and 2 females (ISLA 3970) from Túnel da Fazenda Cilindro I, Caraí, Minas Gerais, 21/ VII/2012, leg. Ferreira, R.L.; 1 male (ISLA 3971) from Gruta do Sumidouro, Caraí, Minas Gerais, 25/I/2012, leg. Ferreira, R.L.; 1 male (ISLA 3972) from Gruta do Sumidouro, Caraí, Minas Gerais, 25/I/2012, leg. Ferreira, R.L.; 2 males (ISLA 3973) from Gruta do Sumidouro, Caraí, Minas Gerais, 25/I/2012, leg. Ferreira, R.L; 1 male (ISLA 3983) from Túnel do Garrafão, Alagoa, Minas Gerais, 31/I/2008, leg. Ferreira, R.L. Diagnosis. The new species is distinguished from others in the genus by having the ocularium with a pair of strong tubercles, high, with widely fused bases, similar to a single strong tubercle with bifurcated apex. In other species, if fused, tubercles are weak and pointed. It is also distinguished by a large dry-mark between area III tubercles, on the longitudinal groove. Etymology. Mucuri is the name of the main river in the type locality and also a common tree in the region’s ombrophylous forest. This noun should be treated as a noun in apposition. Description (male holotype). Measurements in Table 2; dorsum pictures in Fig. 2, A–C. Ocularium with a pair of strong tubercles, high, with widely fused bases, similar to a single strong tubercle with bifurcated apex (Fig. 4 A–C). Carapace smooth, except for ocularium tubercles. Areas I, II and III with 9, 8 and 10 medium-sized granules. Area I with a pair of paramedial, small tubercles. Area III with a pair of thin, large spines. Angles of posterior margin of dorsal scute with medium-sized tubercles; angles of free tergites with small granules. Lateral margin with rows of small, randomly distributed granules. 70 · Zootaxa 3736 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press ÁZARA ET AL. TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. FIGURE 1. A) Atlantic Rainforest in the external area of the Loca do Ribeirão Anastácio cave, Novo Oriente de Minas, Minas Gerais State; B) Entrance of the cave in the main population of the new species was found; C) Mitogoniella mucuri sp. nov., living male specimen inside the cave. Chelicerae. Segment I with a small, basal, dorsal-retrolateral tubercle and two apical, retrolateral and prolateral tubercles; five small ventral granules. Segment II with a medium density of medium-sized granules. Pedipalps. Trochanter: with a large, ventral, retrolateral tubercle; a small, ventral, prolateral tubercle; and two small, dorsal tubercles. Femur: six setiferous tubercles (elevation pattern IiIiii) and a large, retrolateral, subapical spine. Patella: a medium, retrolateral tubercle. Tibia: with ventral armature iIiIi prolatarelly, IiIi retrolaterally and four medium-sized, ventral granules. Tarsus: with ventral armature IiIi prolaterally and Iii retrolaterally. Legs. Leg I. Coxa with a ventral row of large tubercles, with two basal apophyses on dorsal region and a low density of small granules. Trochanter with low density of minute granules. Femur, patella and tibia with minute granules. Metatarsus smooth. Leg II. Coxa with a ventral row of medium tubercles, with two basal apophyses on dorsal region and a low density of small granules.
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