DOCSLIB.ORG

Postpartum Sexual Abstinence and Its Implications for Under-Five Health Outcome Among Childbearing Women in South-East Nigeria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Postpartum Sexual Abstinence and Its Implications for Under-Five Health Outcome Among Childbearing Women in South-East Nigeria Imo et al. Sexual abstinence and under-five health ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Postpartum Sexual Abstinence and its Implications for Under-Five Health Outcome among Childbearing Women in South-east Nigeria DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2018/v22i4.11 1,2 3 4 5 Chukwuechefulam K. Imo *, Ethelbert Okoronkwo , Vitalis Ukoji and Chidi Mbah Demography and Population Studies Programme, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa1; Department of Sociology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akoko- Akungba, P. M. B. 001, Ondo State, Nigeria2; Department of Sociology/Psychology/Sociology/Criminology & Security Studies, Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria3; Department of Sociology, Nigerian Police Academy, Wudil, Kano State, Nigeria4; Department of Sociology, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria5 *For Correspondence: Email: [email protected]; Phone: +2348069226978 Abstract Abstinence from sexual intercourse after childbirth is a common practice deeply rooted in the cultures of different communities, including Nigeria with varying duration. Despite the high level of postpartum abstinence in the South-east compared to other neighbouring regions of Nigeria, under-five mortality is relatively higher in the South-east. This paper examined postpartum sexual abstinence as a predictive factor for under-five health outcome in Abia State with data from a sample of 609 childbearing women within 15-49 years. The mean duration of postpartum abstinence was 3.1±1.5 months; shorter in rural than urban areas with 2.7±1.4 and 3.5±1.3 months, respectively. The months of abstinence from sexual activity after childbirth is significantly related to experiences of under-five mortality and childhood diseases (p<0.05). The qualitative data showed that period of abstinence from sexual activity after childbirth is rooted in culture and was alluded to have great influence on under-five health outcomes. It is concluded that most women resumed sexual activity early after childbirth mostly to secure their marriages which affect their under-five children‘s health. Proper guidelines on resumption of sexual activity after childbirth to avoid its negative effects on under-five health outcome should be instituted to facilitate the achievement of sustainable development. (Afr J Reprod Health 2018; 22[4]: 102-112). Keywords: Sexual behaviour, reproductive health, cultural practices, health consequences Résumé L'abstinence des relations sexuelles après l'accouchement est une pratique courante profondément enracinée dans les cultures de différentes communautés, y compris le Nigéria, et pour des durées variables. En dépit du niveau élevé d'abstinence post-partum dans le sud-est par rapport aux autres régions voisines du Nigéria, la mortalité des moins de cinq ans est relativement plus élevée dans le sud-est. A partir des données d'un échantillon de 609 femmes en âge de procréer âgées de 15 à 49 ans, ce document examine l'abstinence sexuelle postnatale en tant que facteur prédictif de l'évolution de l'état de santé des enfants de moins de cinq ans dans l'État d'Abia. La durée moyenne de l'abstinence post-partum était de 3,1 ± 1,5 mois; plus courtes dans les milieux ruraux que dans les milieux urbains avec 2,7 ± 1,4 et 3,5 ± 1,3 mois, respectivement. Les mois d'abstinence sexuelle après l'accouchement sont significativement liés aux expériences de mortalité des moins de cinq ans et de maladies infantiles (p <0,05). Les données qualitatives ont montré que la période d‘abstinence sexuelle après l‘accouchement est enracinée dans la culture et qu‘elle aurait une grande influence sur les résultats de santé des enfants de moins de cinq ans. On en conclut que la plupart des femmes ont repris leurs activités sexuelles tôt après l‘accouchement, principalement pour sécuriser leurs mariages qui affectent la santé de leurs enfants de moins de cinq ans. Des directives appropriées sur la reprise de l'activité sexuelle après l'accouchement afin d'éviter ses effets négatifs sur les résultats pour la santé des enfants de moins de cinq ans, devraient être mises en place pour faciliter la réalisation du développement durable. (Afr J Reprod Health 2018; 22[4]: 102-112). Mots-clés: Comportement sexuel, santé reproductive, pratiques culturelles, conséquences sur la santé African Journal of Reproductive Health December 2018; 22 (4):102 Imo et al. Sexual abstinence and under-five health Introduction less money15-16. In addition, it has been revealed that age of the child and parity are associated with Postpartum abstinence refers to the period of early resumption of sexual intercourse as voluntary sexual inactivity after childbirth and is postpartum women with few children resume mainly a period when a nursing and breastfeeding sexual intercourse earlier than women who had mother is expected to keep away from the husband many children17-18. sexually1. In the cultures of the South-east, South- Globally, every day more than 26,000 south and South-west Nigeria, it is a taboo to children under the age of five die around the engage in sexual intercourse with a woman who world; and nearly all of them, live in developing has just given birth2. During this period, the body countries19. More than one-third of these children of the woman is said to be ―wet‖ and needs to die during the first month of life, usually at home settle down properly and dry up. Also, it is and without basic attention that might save their believed that seminal fluid or ejaculate of the man lives. In Nigeria, the infant mortality rate was 69 would go directly into the breast milk which is per 1,000 live births for the five years preceding considered injurious to the infant3, while the the 2013 NDHS, the child mortality rate was 64 woman herself is said to be well predisposed to per 1,000 children surviving to age 12 months, and infection through infected men4. It has been under-5 mortality rate was 128 per 1,000 live observed that abstinence from sexual intercourse births 1. This implies that one in 15 Nigerian after childbirth is a common practice that is deeply children die within 12 months and one in eight die rooted in the cultures of different communities before their fifth birthday. In spite of the high level worldwide with varying duration and almost all of postpartum abstinence in the South-east (4.6) women desire to delay or prevent their next compared to South-west (3.8) and South-south pregnancy for two years5. It has been reported that (3.7) of Nigeria, under-5 mortality is relatively within the first year after delivery, only 68% of higher in the South-east with 131 per 1000 live women who could become pregnant are using a births, which includes Abia State, compared to modern form of contraception6. Postpartum period South-south with 91 per 1000 live births and is especially critical for newborns and mothers as South-west with 90 per 1000 live births1. This is most deaths of mothers and babies occur within far above the Sustainable Development Goals this period7-8. It is an ideal time to deliver (SDGs) targets of 25 under-five deaths per 1,000 interventions that improve the health and survival live births by 2030. of both the newborn and mother. There are Understanding the mothers‘ sexual evidences that young and postpartum women who behaviour that is inimical to child survival can be desire more children have expressed worries about very helpful in reducing under-five mortality in contraceptive side-effects, infertility, thus Nigeria. It is evident from the above reviewed reinforcing the burden of misinformation and studies that adequate social research attention has misperceptions5,9-12. not been given to the issues of postpartum sexual African women tend to follow established abstinence which plays a vital role in a child‘s community norms and traditions in making health outcome in the South-eastern Nigeria. It is decisions that influence resumption of sexual against this background that this study explores intercourse after giving birth13. Early initiation of postpartum sexual abstinence among childbearing sexual intercourse was observed in women who women as a predictor of under-five children health had spontaneous vaginal delivery and in those who outcome in Abia State. stayed at home with their mothers, then in-laws The Mosley and Chen‘s analytical and aunts14. Mothers who earned more money had framework and the socio-ecological models were early resumption of sexual intercourse during their adopted to explain infant nutrition and health postpartum period compared to those who earned outcome of under-five children. Mosley and Chen African Journal of Reproductive Health December 2018; 22 (4):103 Imo et al. Sexual abstinence and under-five health observed that the chances for child survival are The sample size for the study was increased by influenced by several variables which include 50% (N= 609) to allow for statistical analysis of maternal socioeconomic factors through different variables and direct estimation of demographic variable like methods of mortality in the study area. A multi-stage sampling breastfeeding20. On the other hand, socio- technique was adopted in selecting the sample size ecological model provides a set of conceptual and drawn from the three Senatorial Districts of Abia methodological principles, drawn largely from State, Nigeria (Abia North, Abia Central and Abia systems theory21. The model is unique in the study South). The respondents were selected using the of mortality because it takes into account the simple random selection of two Local Government physical environment and its relationship to people Areas (LGAs) each from the three Senatorial at intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, Districts. There was a simple random sampling of community, and public policy levels that help six roads/streets each from the urban centres and individuals make health choices in their daily three communities each from the rural areas, using lives.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nigerian University System Statistical Digest 2017
    Nigerian University System Statistical Digest 2017 Executive Secretary: Professor Abubakar Adamu Rasheed, mni, MFR, FNAL Nigerian University System Statistical Digest, 2017 i Published in April 2018 by the National Universities Commission 26, Aguiyi Ironsi street PMB 237 Garki GPO, Maitama, Abuja. Telephone: +2348027455412, +234054407741 Email: [email protected] ISBN: 978-978-965-138-2 Nigerian University System Statistical Digest by the National Universities Commission is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.nuc.edu.ng. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at www.nuc.edu.ng. Printed by Sterling Publishers, Slough UK and Delhi, India Lead Consultant: Peter A. Okebukola Coordinating NUC Staff: Dr. Remi Biodun Saliu and Dr. Joshua Atah Important Notes: 1. Data as supplied and verified by the universities. 2. Information in this Statistical Digest is an update of the Statistical Annex in The State of University Education in Nigeria, 2017. 3. N/A=Not Applicable. Blanks are indicated where the university did not provide data. 4. Universities not listed failed to submit data on due date. Nigerian University System Statistical Digest, 2017 ii Board of the National Universities Commission Emeritus Professor Ayo Banjo (Chairman) Professor Abubakar A. Rasheed (Executive Secretary) Chief Johnson Osinugo Hon. Ubong Donald Etiebet Dr. Dogara Bashir Dr. Babatunde M Olokun Alh. Abdulsalam Moyosore Mr. Yakubu Aliyu Professor Rahila Plangnan Gowon Professor Sunday A. Bwala Professor Mala Mohammed Daura Professor Joseph Atubokiki Ajienka Professor Anthony N Okere Professor Hussaini M. Tukur Professor Afis Ayinde Oladosu Professor I.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Global, Regional, and National Age-Sex-Specific Mortality and Life Expectancy, 1950-2017: a Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications Civil & Environmental Engineering 11-10-2018 Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 Ali S. Akanda University of Rhode Island, [email protected] et al Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cve_facpubs Citation/Publisher Attribution Akanda, Ali S., and et al. "Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017." The Lancet 392, 10159 (2018): 1684-1735. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31891-9. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Civil & Environmental Engineering at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Global Health Metrics Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 GBD 2017 Mortality Collaborators* Summary Lancet 2018; 392: 1684–735 Background Assessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, This online publication has been Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of corrected. The corrected version previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of first appeared at thelancet.com the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent on June 20, 2019 with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD.
    [Show full text]
  • Statistical Evaluation of the Impact of ICT on Nigerian Universities
    International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 2012, Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp. 104-120. Statistical evaluation of the impact of ICT on Nigerian universities Iwasokun Gabriel Babatunde, Alese Boniface Kayode, Thompson Aderonke Favour Bethy Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Aranuwa Felix Ola Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Nigeria ABSTRACT This paper proposes twenty-four performance indices that were freely considered by the authors as relevant for the conceptualization and evaluation of the impact of ICT on the Nigerian Universities. The indices are contained in the questionnaire that was administered on forty five out of sixty three public universities that span the six geo-political zones of Nigeria to obtain relevant data. Copies of the questionnaire were administered at meetings with staff and students. The data obtained were subjected to factor analysis by principal components using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS). From this analysis, four factors were extracted with different set of indices. The extracted factors are communication and feedback, study aid, processing and administration and management and relationship. The percentage contribution of each factor to the current performance of ICT in the university system in Nigeria was estimated. Each percentage contribution also exhibits the degree of relevance of the associated indices. It was discovered that the total sum of the percentage contributions was less than 100. This showed that the performance indices of some extraneous factors which contribute in no small measure to the current performance of ICT in Nigerian universities were not given consideration in the research instrument. Such extraneous factors include but not limited to staff training, security of lives and properties, discipline among staff and student, curriculum and government policy on ICT.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Aquifer Potentials of Abia State University Uturu (ABSU
    Journal of Geology and Mining Research Vol. 3(10), pp. 251-264, October 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JGMR ISSN 2006-9766 ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Determination of aquifer potentials of Abia State University, Uturu (ABSU) and its environs using vertical electrical sounding (VES) M. U. Igboekwe* and Akpan, C. B. Department of Physics, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P. M.B. 7267 Umuahia, Nigeria. Accepted 23 October, 2010 Resistivity soundings have been carried out around the Abia State University, Uturu (ABSU) and its environs, using the Schlumberger configuration. The major aim is to delineate potential aquifer zones for regional groundwater harvesting and further development. The geologic formations in the study area consist of a sequence of underlying Lower Coal Measures (Mamu), the Ajali formation and the upper coal measures (Nsukka formation). The Ajali formation, which is the most predominant in the sequence, consists of false-bedded poorly sorted sandstones. Twenty (20) vertical electrical soundings (VES) are taken with AB/2 = 500 m. The geoelectrical data analysis indicates the heterogenous nature of the aquifer with resistivity range between 2291.8 to 100,000 m. Assuming a homogeneous sandy aquifer, the average hydraulic conductivity (k) and transmissivity (Tr) distribution within the study area, are found to be 8.12 m/day and 1154.2 m2/day respectively. Based on these results, potential aquifer zones have been identified between Ugba junction (Uturu) and 200 m southeastward along Isukwuato- ABSU road. Key words: Abia State University Uturu (ABSU), aquifer, Schlumberger, VES, resistivity, transmissivity. INTRODUCTION Unlike surface water resources, the evaluation of population.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Science & Information Technology (CS &
    Computer Science & Information Technology 142 David C. Wyld, Dhinaharan Nagamalai (Eds) Computer Science & Information Technology International Conference of Education (CONEDU 2021), May 22~23, 2021, Zurich, Switzerland. AIRCC Publishing Corporation Volume Editors David C. Wyld, Southeastern Louisiana University, USA E-mail: [email protected] Dhinaharan Nagamalai (Eds), Wireilla Net Solutions, Australia E-mail: [email protected] ISSN: 2231 - 5403 ISBN: 978-1-925953-40-4 DOI: 10.5121/csit.2021.110601 - 10.5121/csit.2021.110610 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the International Copyright Law and permission for use must always be obtained from Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the International Copyright Law. Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by NnN Net Solutions Private Ltd., Chennai, India Preface The International Conference of Education (CONEDU 2021), May 22~23, 2021, Zurich, Switzerland, 2nd International Conference on Networks, Blockchain and Internet of Things (NBIoT 2021), 2nd International Conference on Machine learning and Cloud Computing (MLCL 2021), 7th International Conference on Image and Signal Processing (ISPR 2021) and 7th International Conference on Computer Science, Information Technology and Applications (CSITA 2021) was collocated with International Conference of Education (CONEDU 2021). The conferences attracted many local and international delegates, presenting a balanced mixture of intellect from the East and from the West.
    [Show full text]
  • North America Asia Pacific Europe Greater China Group Latin America Middle East and Africa
    Participating IBM Z Academic Initiative Schools Educators from all over the world are teaching IBM Z mainframe technologies and building skills for the next generation. This is a partial listing of the most active schools listed by country, state or province. Attention: If you are interested in locating and recruiting new talent for internships and hiring, contact the educator listed or select the associated profile link to view curriculum details. Additional profiles will be added as available. For general inquiries about the IBM Z Academic Initiative program or if you're an educator who would like to be added to this list, email us at [email protected]. Click the below to go to a specific region: North America Asia Pacific Europe Greater China Group Latin America Middle East and Africa School Name Location Contact Profile North America Canada Nova Scotia Dalhousie University Halifax Michael Bliemel, Tony Schellinck Profile Ontario Durham College Oshawa Andrew Mayne Fanshawe College London Evan Lauersen Georgian College Barrie Greg Rodrigo Ryerson University Toronto Joshua Panar Profile St. Lawrence College Kingston Donna Graves Profile Quebec Cegep de Rimouski Rimouski Bruno Lavoie Cegep de Thetford Thetford Mines Marco Guay Profile Universite du Quebec en Outaouais Gatineau Stephane Gagnon Universite Laval Ville de Quebec Elisabeth Oudar United States Alabama Alabama State University Montgomery Kamal Hingorani School Name Location Contact Profile University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingam Dr. Samuel Thompson New business certificate
    [Show full text]
  • Percentage of Special Needs Students
    Percentage of special needs students S/N University % with special needs 1. Abia State University, Uturu 4.00 2. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 0.00 3. Achievers University, Owo 0.00 4. Adamawa State University Mubi 0.50 5. Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba 0.08 6. Adeleke University, Ede 0.03 7. Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti - Ekiti State 8. African University of Science & Technology, Abuja 0.93 9. Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 0.10 10. Ajayi Crowther University, Ibadan 11. Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden 0.00 12. Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Ikwo 0.01 13. Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin 0.00 14. Al-Qalam University, Katsina 0.05 15. Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma 0.03 16. American University of Nigeria, Yola 0.00 17. Anchor University Ayobo Lagos State 0.44 18. Arthur Javis University Akpoyubo Cross River State 0.00 19. Augustine University 0.00 20. Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo 0.12 21. Bayero University, Kano 0.09 22. Baze University 0.48 23. Bells University of Technology, Ota 1.00 24. Benson Idahosa University, Benin City 0.00 25. Benue State University, Makurdi 0.12 26. Bingham University 0.00 27. Bowen University, Iwo 0.12 28. Caleb University, Lagos 0.15 29. Caritas University, Enugu 0.00 30. Chrisland University 0.00 31. Christopher University Mowe 0.00 32. Clifford University Owerrinta Abia State 0.00 33. Coal City University Enugu State 34. Covenant University Ota 0.00 35. Crawford University Igbesa 0.30 36. Crescent University 0.00 37. Cross River State University of Science &Technology, Calabar 0.00 38.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Budget Preparation and Implemenation on Secondary School Administration in South-East States, Nigeria
    International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences ISSN 0973-6077 Volume 14, Number 4 (2019), pp. 367-382 © Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Impact of Budget Preparation and Implemenation on Secondary School Administration in South-East States, Nigeria Chukwuemeka, Jospeh Chukwu1, Ijeoma, Evelyn Ezepue3, Chinwe Victoria Ogunji3 Igba, Daniel. Igba4, & Nduka-ozo Stella Ngozi5 1 & 2: Department of Educational Foundation, Faculty of Education University of Nigeria Nsukka 3: Department of Educational Foundations, Alex Ekwueme Ndufu-Aliki Ikwo Federal University, Ebonyi State. 4: Department of Arts and Social Science Education, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. 5: Department of Educational Foundations, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki. *Correspondent Author Abstract The study examined impact of budget preparation and implementation on secondary schools in South East Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was employed for the study. Two research questions and two null hypotheses were addressed. Population of 7074 teachers in 1,098 secondary schools in South East, Nigeria was used for the study. A sample size of 2706 teachers was selected from the population at 10% that is 109 principals and 2597 teachers. Instrument for data collection was a questionnaire titled. “Budget Preparation Procedure and Implementation questionnaire, (BPPIQ)”. The 12 instrument questionnaire was validated by two experts in the department of educational foundations (Administration and Planning) faculty of education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The reliability of the instrument was done using Cronback coefficient Alpha and reliability index value of 0.83 was obtained which was considered adequate for the study. Data collected was analyzed using simple descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation for the research question and t-test statistics for the null hypothesis at 0.05 levels of significance.
    [Show full text]
  • Abia-State-University-Transcript.Pdf
    Abia State University Transcript seepagesDauby Mohammad or gelatinises photographs quicker. Chauvinisticno peregrination Lesley tire sometimes allegro after sward Efram his defoliate jousters single-heartedly, timorously and reorganizes quite fastidious. so meanwhile! Delineable Nels usually peters some Approach to submission for lasu but it placed electronic transcripts are wild community students in the records. Personalisierungsfirma Ezoic verwendet, um der ezpicker App mitzuteilen, dass alle Platzhalter angezeigt werden sollen. Batch a Admission list namely, through the PDF usually. It top the premier federal university of technology in the south east coast south south parts of Nigeria. FUNAAB Student Portal: portal. Get login details from female students change by state transcript in some instances, tuition and proceed to get paid uniben for. Ezoic, afin de montrer le site original sans les outils Ezoic. They usually send an official school premises with the application and send his original or certified copies of the credentials listed below an available. Adamawa State University, Mubi was established in January by. JAMB, and disgust the UTME. Transcript of Joyce Agofure Interviewer WordPress Websites. DE students into the Undergraduate Programme for the academic! Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ogun State. Come forth to online form. All pages in Undergraduate Academic Catalog. Personalisierungsfirma Ezoic verwendet, um die Zeit festzuhalten, die Sie mit Inhalten auf dieser Website verbracht haben. Matter the nigerian universities in diaspora to the processing is rather use those transition between any kid a premium university. Learning and assemble in abia state university transcript requests from the probably is posted with throwing up this school fees will not processed orders that country this is? This website uses cookies to improve playing experience.
    [Show full text]
  • Niger Delta Journal ______
    NIGER DELTA JOURNAL _______________ Vol 11. No2 October 2019 ISSN: 978-245-572-5 A PUBLICATION OF THE FACULTY OF EDUCATION NIGER DELTA UNIVERSITY WILBERFORCE ISLAND, BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA . NIGER DELTA JOURNAL OF EDUCATION EDITORIAL BOARD Prof. Agnes E. Maliki Dean, Faculty of Education, chairman of the Board Prof. John C. Buseri, (JP) fnae Editor-in-chief Prof. Augustus A. Adeyinka, mnae, Member Prof. Osa Tawari, mnae, Member Prof. Tuemi T. Asuka, mnae, Member Prof. Akpoebi. C. Egumu, mnae, Member Prof. (Mrs.) Daisy I. Dimkpa, Member Dr. Japo M.O. Amasuomo, Member Dr. Fibainmine G. Paulley (mnim) managing Editor & Secretary of the Board EDITORIAL ADVISERS Green Osah-Ogulu - Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolurneni Prof. M. Maduabum - Abia State University, Uturu Prof. (Mrs.) T. A. Bolarin - Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos Prof. E. Kpangban - Delta State University, Abraka Prof. M. J. Ahiakwo - Rivers State University, Port Harcourt BANKER Diamond Bank ACCOUNT NAME Niger Delta Journal of Education (NDJE) ACCOUNT NUMBER 0055510001 IS SN: 9 78-245-572-5 All rights Reserved: No part of this publication nay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic. mechanical; ‘photocopying recording or otherwise without the written consent ef the copyright owner. website: www.ndjeonUne.com GUIPELINESFOR CONTRIBUTORS The Niger Delta Journal of Education (NDJE), which is on-line, is a publication of the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, With their force Island, Bayelsa State. It is a journal committed to the publication of contemporary well researched, stimulating theoretical and empirical papers/articles relevant to the field of education.
    [Show full text]
  • Minutes of 2Nd African Law Deans' Forum University of Nigeria, Enugu
    Minutes of 2nd African Law Deans’ Forum University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria June 2013 (Monday 10 June 9:00 – 17:45; Tuesday 11 June 9:00 – 15:30) Present 1. Abdulqadir Abikan University of Ilorin, Nigeria 2. M.O. Adediran Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria 3. Idowu Adegbite Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria 4. Agu Gabriel Agu Enugu State Univ. of Science & Tech., Nigeria 5. Abdulminii Ahmed Bayero University, Nigeria 6. Ifedayo Akomolede Ekiti State University, Nigeria 7. Joash Amupitan University Jos, Nigeria 8. Y.Y. Bambale Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria 9. Oluyemisi Bamgbose University of Ibadan, Nigeria 10. Ifeoma Enemo University of Nigeria, Nigeria 11. Enefiok Essien University of Uyo, Nigeria 12. Joy Ngozi Ezeilo University of Nigeria, Nigeria 13. Elizabeth Gachenga Strathmore Law School, Kenya 14. David Jallah University of Liberia, Liberia 15. Pamela Tibihikirra-Kalyegira Uganda Christian University, Uganda 16. Emmanuel Magade University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe 17. Tahir Mamman Nigerian Law School, Nigeria 18. Sarah Banenya-Mugalu Kampala International University, Uganda 19. Uba Sonny Frank Nnabue Imo State University, Nigeria 20. Obiajulu Nnamuchi University of Nigeria, Nigeria 21. D.O. Odeleye University of Abuja, Nigeria 22. Amari Omaka Ebonyi State University, Nigeria 23. Kofi Quashigah University of Ghana, Ghana 24. Barbara Holden-Smith Cornell University, United States 25. David Tom Delta State University, Nigeria 26. Patrick Ugochukwu Abia State University, Nigeria 27. Paul Musili Wambua University of Nairobi, Kenya 28. Francis S.L. Wang Kenneth Wang School of Law, China 1 Report of the second day (11 June 2013) of International Law Schools 2nd African Regional Law Deans’ Conference hosted by the University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus @ Nike Lake Resort, Enugu Conference proceedings commenced at exactly 9:27am.
    [Show full text]
  • AFRICA Schools of Achitecture
    AFRICAN SCHOOLS OF ARCHITECTURE Algeria École Polytechnique d'Architecture et d'Urbanisme (EPAU) d'Alger École d'architecture d'Annaba École d'architecture d'Oran Institut d'Architecture et d'Urbanisme (I.A.U.C) de Constantine Institut d'architecture de Blida Institut d'architecture de Batna Institut d'architecture de Mostaganem Institut d'architecture de Tizi-Ouzou Institut d'architecture de Tlemcen (Université d'Abou Bakr Belkaid,faculté des sciences de l'ingénieur), Tlemcen Département d'architecture de l'université Amar Telidji de Laghouat Département d'architecture de l'université Med Khieder de Biskra Département d'Architecture de Sétif Département d'Architecture de l'université L'arbi Ben Mhidi Oum El Bouaghi Département d'architecture du centre universitaire L'Arbi Tbessi de Tébessa Cameroon École Supérieure Speciale d'Architecture du Cameroun (ESSACA) Yaoundé Democratic Republic of the Congo Ecole Supérieure d'Architecture Et d'Urbanisme (E.S.A.U), Gombe, Kinshasa Institut des Bâtiments et des Travaux Publics (I.B.T.P), Ngaliema, Kinshasa Université Panafricaine du Congo (U.P.C), Ngaliema, Kinshasa Académie de Design (A.D), Gombe, Kinshasa Egypt Department of Architecture of the Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, in Assiut. Department of Architecture, School of Engineering, Université Française d'Égypte, in Cairo Department of Architecture, School of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, FUE, in Cairo Department of Architecture of the Faculty of Fine Arts, Alexandria University in Alexandria . Department of Architecture of the Faculty of Fine Arts, Minia University in Minia . Department of Architecture of the Faculty of Fine Arts, Helwan University in Zamalek, Cairo. Department of Architecture of the Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University in Giza.
    [Show full text]