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Implementing New HDMI 1.3 Features Implementing New HDMI 1.3 Features David Yao, Senior Sales Director, Silicon Image, Inc. Vincent Hsia, Senior FAE Manager, Silicon Image, Inc. New HDMI 1.3 Features Overview More Specification released in June 2006 Bandwidth 5→10Gb/s Developed to meet evolving needs of the high-definition Deep Color marketplace 24 →→→48 bit xvYCC Bandwidth more than doubled from 165 MHz (4.95 Gbps) to Wider Color 340 MHz (10.2 Gbps) to support Higher Resolution, Faster Gamut Refresh, and Deep Color Dolby ® True HD DTS-HD Extended color gamut for more natural and realistic color Lip Sync Mini Connector Support for lossless digital audio Lip sync timing compensation Mini connector for cameras and camcorders Initial Spec 1.3 2 Greater Bandwidth for Higher Resolution 1440p/WQXGA Apple Cinema Display Display 480p 720p 1080p Digital EDTV HDTV HDTV Cinema 4K 0.1 Mpixel 1 Mpixel 10 Mpixel 100 Mpixel HDMI 1.0HDMI – 1.21.3 VCR Cell Phone Compact 35mm Camera Digital Still Film Camera Sensor/ Human Recorder Digital SLR Eye 3 Greater Bandwidth for Faster Refresh Smoother Motion − Motion blur often occurs in LCD displays with 60Hz refresh rates − LCD refresh rates increasing to 120Hz Faster Response Time − For Gamers, response time is the difference between life and death − Faster refresh rate means faster response time means living to fight another day! 4 Greater Bandwidth for Deep Color Simplified example of tonal transitions with limited color palette Simplified example of tonal transitions with extended color palette ing nd ba lor Co Current world: limited to 24 bits/ pixel color − 16 million colors Not good enough for today’s displays Deep Color allows 24, 30, 36 and 48 bits/pixel color depth Simulated low-bit color depth − Billions of colors Eliminates artifacts that appear as bands or contours − Most noticeable in subtle gradations and tonal transitions Increases contrast ratios for sharper images & greater detail More accurately represents original material − Deeper color palette produces video more like original film − Live events look more natural Simulated high-bit color depth 5 xvYCC Extended Color Gamut for Realistic and Natural Color xvYCC is the next generation HD color space standard − IEC 619966-2-4 vs. older ITU BT.709-5 A collaboration between major Consumer Electronics manufacturers Takes full advantage sRGB xvYCC of color rendering capabilities of modern digital displays vs. older CRT technology 6 Lossless Audio for a True Digital Cinema Experience Maximum Audio Performance HDMI 1.3 adds support for Dolby TrueHD & DTS-HD Master Audio formats − Approved audio formats for Blu-ray & HD-DVD − Lossless audio formats offer digital surround sound with same fidelity as the sound stage and movie theater 7 Automatic Lip Sync Timing Compensation Advanced video processing in today’s HDTVs sometimes introduces a delay in video output relative to audio output − Results in loss of “lip sync” − Distracts from viewing experience HDMI 1.3 allows CE devices to automatically compensate for such timing differences − Results in synchronized audio and video − Much more enjoyable viewing experience 8 Without Lip Sync Compensation 1. Signal delivered to AVR 2. AVR delivers audio to speakers and video to HDTV 3. Speakers present audio while HDTV still processing video 4. HDTV presents video out of sync with audio HDTV Video STB AVR Processor Screen 9 With Lip Sync Compensation 1. HDTV communicates video processing delay via HDMI 1.3 2. Signal delivered to AVR 3. AVR delays audio to speakers to allow for video processing 4. Video and audio presented in sync HDTV Video STB AVR Processor Screen 10 Type-C Mini-Connector Thinner, shorter, narrower Compatible with existing Type A connector Plug is slightly smaller but Chassis receptacle is much smaller Requested by Camcorder and Digital Still Camera makers Regular and Mini Connectors 11 Successfully Implementing HDMI 1.3 Features Vincent Hsia, Senior FAE Manager, Silicon Image, Inc. Greater Bandwidth – How? Cable Equalization Cable #3: 5 meter All cables attenuate signals Cable #1: 2 meter Cable #4: Dependent on: 10 meter − Length − Frequency − Construction Cable #2: Cable #5: 4 meter 11 meter 13 Cable Equalization – Theory 2) Receivers can compensate for that filter by applying an equal but opposite filter 1) Cables are just a big filter 2 meters 3) Different lengths change 5 meters slope of attenuation – 10 meters receiver can target particular cable length 14 Reference Cable Equalizer HDMI 1.3 measures Cat2 cable output after applying an ideal “Reference Cable Equalizer” This assumes that receivers will support such cable, so… HDMI 1.3 measures receiver performance against this same spec 15 Greater Bandwidth – How? Source Termination Serial transmission line basics − Changes in impedance are bad • Cause reflections back to the source of the signal − Connectors frequently have impedance mismatches and cause some reflection − High-impedance source will then bounce that reflection back down the line bad signal quality 16 Potential Problem HDMI Cable Signal transmitted from driver… Partial reflection back from connector… High-impedance source causes additional reflection… 17 Source Termination HDMI Cable Partial reflection back from connector… Signal transmitted from driver… Terminated source swallows reflection… 18 Source Termination – Typical Cable Without source termination With source termination 19 Source Termination – Worst-Case Cable Cable with high-impedance circuitry at input end causes large reflection/degradation: But source termination cleans up… 20 Source Termination – Spec Changes Previous HDMI Spec 1.2a and earlier had restrictions on Vh and Vl HDMI Spec 1.3 reduces those restrictions when connected to >165MHz-capable sink 21 Greater Bandwidth – How? Source Pre-Emphasis Source can use “Pre-emphasis” to improve performance at higher speeds and longer cables +1 0 -1 HDMI spec 1.2a and earlier had restrictions on Overshoot that prevented use of pre-emphasis 1.3 removes those restrictions 22 Deep Color HDMI 1.0-1.2a: 24 bits/pixel HDMI 1.3: 30-bit, 36-bit and 48-bit (10-, 12-, 16- bits/component) − RGB 4:4:4 and YCbCr 4:4:4 23 Deep Color – Basic Mechanism Increase link clock and pack fatter pixels into more clocks − 4 pixels into 5 clocks (for 30 bits/pixel) − 2 pixels into 3 clocks (for 36 bits/pixel) − 1 pixel into 2 clocks (for 48 bits/pixel) Primary Effects: − Increased pixel clock rate (beyond 165MHz) − New pixel packing definition and phase (includes all video-related signaling: HSYNC, VSYNC) − EDID indication (“upstream”) of Deep Color support − GCP indication (“downstream”) of Deep Color mode and phase Non-Effects: − No change to HDCP − No change to Data Islands, CTL periods (except for HSYNC, VSYNC indication) − No change to video timings 24 Current 24-bit Packing Pixel 0 Pixel 1 Pixel 2 Pixel 3 TMDS Channel 0 B0 B1 B2 B3 1 G0 G1 G2 G3 2 R0 R1 R2 R3 Time 25 36-bit Packing : 2 pixels/3 clocks Pixel 0 Pxl 0/1 Pixel 1 Pixel 2 Pxl 2/3 Pixel 3 TMDS Channel B0 B2 0 B0 B1 B2 B3 B1 B3 G0 G2 1 G0 G1 G2 G3 G1 G3 R0 R2 2 R0 R1 R2 R3 R1 R3 Time 26 xvYCC Color Gamut Metadata Packet xvYCC allows a much broader selection of colors than display devices can typically handle Displays need to know how best to map “input gamut” onto “display gamut” − Otherwise image may look “cartoony” This requires knowledge of the input gamut Gamut Metadata Packet carries this information 27 New Cable Categories HDMI 1.2a and earlier − Cables could be individually rated for higher speeds and “eye” test methods scaled to frequency • Required all cables to support HDTV rates (74.25MHz). − Problem: End-user and vendor confusion, false claims, insufficient testing, etc. HDMI 1.3 Defined Two Cable Categories − Category 1: 74.25 MHz (2.23 Gbps) • Sufficient to carry HDTV – meets 99% of market need today but insufficient for 1080p @ 60Hz. − Category 2: All supported HDMI rates 27MHz 340MHz (10.2 Gbps) • And beyond… 28 Automatic Lipsync Timing Compensation Lipsync Info from Sink − Sink EDID specifies: • Video Latency (one indication for Interlaced and one for Progressive) • Audio Latency (one indication for Interlaced and one for Progressive) − Source compensates for downstream lipsync mismatches by delaying audio • Audio Delay = Video latency – Audio latency − Repeater either passes on the downstream latency information or adjusts and modifies the values in its EDID Lipsync Source/Sink communication − Sink support of Lipsync: EDID HDMI VSDB − Source indication of Lipsync: No downstream indication 29 Silicon Image: Supporting Your HDMI 1.3 Implementation Comprehensive, flexible portfolio of HDMI products to meet all your needs: − Input Processors − Transmitters − Receivers − Switches Global support and engineering resources help ensure your successful implementation of HDMI 1.3 features Local expertise: Silicon Image is an HDMI Founder and operates authorized test centers in Shenzhen and Shanghai 30 谢 谢 Thank You.
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