School of International and public Affairs | columbia university | January 2008 news

After 2008: SIPA Where Do We Go from Here? news

SIVOLUME XXI No.PA 1 January 2008 Published biannually by School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University

his issue of SIPA News focuses on a moment attacks on New York and Washington produced a From the of transition in the United States and there- temporary wartime consensus that dissolved when Tfore the world community. The U.S. elec- its costs under unilateralist leadership became tions will produce a new administration, including clear. On the other hand, the disproportionate Acting Dean a new president, vice president, and 3,000 presi- electoral weight of states with small populations dential appointees in the executive branch. The in the traditionalist interior of the country make elections also seem likely to produce more turnover it difficult for the U.S. Congress to modernize than usual in the U.S. Congress. Much less predict- outdated domestic policy regimes. How far the able is the direction the new government will take new administration can move may depend in part in domestic and international policymaking. What on its success in moving pieces of the domestic is certain amid all this upheaval is that the thin line agenda onto its international agenda. This is most that once separated foreign and domestic affairs likely to happen on environmental issues where will continue to dissolve. global warming cannot be faced without global For much of the past century, the U.S. elector- cooperation. Many other “domestic” issues are ate has moved back and forth between unilateral- simultaneously international: immigration, emerg- ism and engagement in international affairs. The ing disease control, consumer product safety, swing of this pendulum has seldom moved at the arms trafficking, labor standards, human and civic same speed and direction as the domestic policy rights. This issue of SIPA News looks at some of pendulum swings between traditionalism and these policy arenas, and at U.S. relations with key modernism. In recent years, the two have begun countries, to assess where the United States stands swinging together. Unilateralism is the preferred now and the challenges that will face the new foreign policy of isolationists, many of whom administration. view the international arena as a source of moral SIPA also finds itself in a moment of transi- as well as physical threats. Traditionalism is the tion. After ten years of the inspired and effective preferred domestic policy of many who fear that leadership of Lisa Anderson, the School has a change will undermine the spiritual as well as the strong foundation on which to build its future. material foundations of their society. Coalitions And what a future that will be: a new building in of “the willing” seem better than permanent com- the Manhattanville campus, academic and financial mitments to international organizations. Local independence, an improved curriculum, greater fel- standards and decisions are best for education, lowship and financial aid for students, and a grow- health care, environment, labor, and even civic ing faculty of the highest quality. SIPA has always and property rights than national or, worse yet, been engaged in the world and looking for ways to international treaties and norms. get better. The new plan promises to turn SIPA’s Isolationism and traditionalism impose heavy biggest challenges into its greatest strengths. burdens on U.S. citizens as well as the citizens of other countries and seldom command electoral John H. Coatsworth majorities in the United States. The 2001 terrorist Acting Dean contents

FEATURES p.15 p.24 p.32 p.35 p.38 Global HIV/AIDS Behind the Memory and SIPA Alum Staying in Touch p.2 Policy after 2008: Glimmering National Identity Ambassador Siv with Alumni: Opportunity for Façade: A Look By Jina Moore Joins “Romney SIPA’s New Print Decision 2008 New American into China’s for President” and Online By Robert C. Lieberman Leadership Environmental Campaign Directories By Sawa Nakagawa Crisis Inside SIPA By Nilanjana Pal By Daniela Coleman p.6 By Nichole Wong Gomez The Election and p.18 p.36 p.38 Health Reform p.34 Powering India: p.28 SIPA’s New SIPA Alumni By Paula Wilson Faculty Profile: A Prototype for A Challenge for José Antonio Director of Alumni Groups Get Active! Nuclear Energy the Next Ocampo Relations: Daniela p.8 Agreements? President: Free By Matteen Mokalla Coleman By Samanth Trade By Matteen Mokalla p.39 Washington and the Subramanian By Lincoln Ajoku and Nilanjana Pal Environment: How Donor List FY 07 Today’s Regulations p.35 May Keep the p.21 p.30 SIPA Alum p.37 Next President’s Pollock Brings Getting Russia EU’s New Ralph O. Hellmold Hands Tied Strategies from Right: The Future Geopolitical Honored with By Matt Klasen the Campaign Trail of U.S.-Russia Reality: Do Not to the Classroom Alumni Medal Relations Expect a Pro- By Rob Garris By Jackie Carpenter American Stance p.12 By Eduardo Peris p.37 Open Letter to a Deprez SIPA’s Alumni Democratic Council Launches President New Projects By Richard W. Bulliet DECISION 2008 By Robert C. Lieberman

2 SIPA NEWS y initial reaction on being asked to write about the three most decisive issues in the 2008 U.S. presi- dential campaign was Should the United States keep traveling down the that this would not be Bush administration’s path of anM easy task. Once you get past Iraq, I thought, what would there be to say? After all, the 2006 blundering unilateralism and policy . . . ? Congressional elections, in which the Democrats won majorities in both houses of Congress, was widely interpreted as a referendum on the Bush administration’s handling (or mishandling, depending on your point of view) of the invasion and occupation of Iraq, which most Americans IRAQseemed to be at the forefront of American policy ill for the Republicans, as voters tend to take out think has gone terribly wrong. Why should 2008 disputes over the last few years seem, for the time their economic frustrations on the party of the be any different, especially given that President being, to have run their course—Social Security current administration. But the economic chal- Bush’s reaction to his party’s electoral defeat was privatization and immigration reform, for exam- lenges of 2008 pale in comparison with recent not to follow the apparent will of the majority of ple. Another cluster of issues such as abortion, elections, such as 1980 and 1992, when economic American voters and move toward withdrawal but stem cell research, and gay marriage sharply concerns were paramount. to extend his already unpopular policy by escalat- divide the Republican Party’s Christian conserva- This will nevertheless be a campaign guided ing the American presence in Iraq? tive base from the Democrats’ more liberal and by deep differences among parties and candidates But how, I wondered, to identify the issues cosmopolitan core, but such issues are hardly dis- on a series of key issues that stand in for a set of that will ultimately distinguish the parties and tinctive to this year’s campaign and seem unlikely profound differences in approach and orientation candidates from one another and set the agenda to play an unusually important role this year. The toward America’s role in the world and the gov- for the political season in the year leading up to economy, too, seems suddenly shaky in the wake ernment’s role in society: Iraq, health care, and November 2008? Some of the specific issues that of the summer’s credit crunch, a trend that bodes the environment.

SIPA NEWS 3 Some 47 million Americans lack health insurance, health care costs continue to rise, and the fundamental absurdity of HEALTHAmerica’s patchwork system of health insurance is becomingCARE more apparent by the day. The war in Iraq, of course, still dominates the American political landscape and is likely to do so for the foreseeable future. Despite widespread public skepticism of the administration’s han- dling of the occupation of Iraq and anxiety about the conflict’s endgame, the Republican candi- dates are broadly committed to a continuation of the administration’s policy. The Democratic candidates universally deride the administration’s stubbornness and offer a variety of alternatives ranging from immediate withdrawal to recogni- tion of a more permanent American presence in the region. But the more profound division here is not over the particulars of our Iraq policy but rather over the vision of the American role in the world and the response to the international challenges exposed by the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Should the United States keep traveling down the Bush administration’s path of blundering unilateralism and policy, driven more by ideology and faith in American military power than by careful strategic plan- ning and international partnership? How can and should the United States engage the world? This is the fault line that the war in Iraq has exposed, and bridging it will require more than just a solu- tion in Iraq. Health care, which dominated the politics of the mid-1990s, is back at the center of American domestic politics. Some 47 million Americans lack health insurance, health care costs con- tinue to rise, and the fundamental absurdity of America’s patchwork system of health insurance is becoming more apparent by the day. Every major candidate has offered a policy proposal to cover the uninsured, control costs, and bring some order to the chaos. But a wide gulf sepa- rates Republican proposals that would basically extend the current system of private insurance and Democratic proposals that envision a larger role for the government in ensuring equity and adequacy in the health care system. President Bush’s recent veto of a bill to extend the State Children’s Health Insurance Program is a case in point; while Democrats (and many Republicans) in Congress saw merit in making this successful

4 SIPA NEWS Will our leaders be receptive to the scientific understanding of policy issues or will they resort to alternative means of ENVIRONMENTdiagnosing public problems and devising solutions?

government program available to more children, mental sustainability are moving to the center scientific understanding of policy issues or will the president argued that the bill went beyond of the American political agenda. Here again, they resort to alternative means of diagnosing government’s legitimate role in this area. This the parties and candidates are sharply divided; public problems and devising solutions? These dispute is indicative of a broader disagreement Republicans approach the issue with skepticism questions will be played out in debates over the over growing inequality in American society and and restraint, while Democrats generally advo- environment in this election, and the answers will the desirability of government intervention in cate more active engagement in the search for have profound and lasting implications not only the economy to address inequality. In the 1990s, both local and global solutions to this defining for the future of public policy but also for the role even Bill Clinton saw fit to announce that “the problem of our time. But this issue, too, stands that policy professionals will play in that future. era of big government is over”; the 2008 election in for a larger divide in American politics over might make that judgment seem dated. the status of science and the role of systematic Robert C. Lieberman is chair of the Department of Finally, with former vice president Al Gore knowledge in guiding public policymaking. How International and Public Affairs and associate professor of becoming surely the first person ever to win both will the growing depth and precision of policy Political Science and Public Affairs. an Oscar and a Nobel Prize in the same year, knowledge—about climate change as well as we can hardly doubt that the threat of global other issues—shape the next round of decisions climate change and the challenge of environ- about policy? Will our leaders be receptive to the

SIPA NEWS 5 The Election and Health Reform by Paula Wilson

he 2008 presidential election is still nearly a year away, but a stepped- A metaphor commonly used to describe an up primary schedule, an abundance of candidates, multiple debates, effective health system is the image of a three- and the pace and intensity of media coverage have many voters fo- legged stool with each leg of the stool represent- T ing a key aspect of a strong health care system: cused on the issues right now. One issue at the forefront is the nation’s access, quality, and cost. The challenge is achiev- health care system and the possibility of making reforms. Recent polls show ing all of the goals at one time. Americans consistently ranking concern for health care among the top three If we look at the present condition of the issues. Every candidate has something to say about health care, with some health care system in the United States, it would providing fully designed proposals for reforming the system, while others be fair to say that none of the legs of the stool simply state their goals without a comprehensive path to achieving them. is particularly sturdy. With 47 million Americans lacking health insurance, there is work to be done This articles looks at the qualities of an effective health care system and then on assuring access for the uninsured. And while compares those traits with what the candidates are saying. the health care system delivers a great deal of

6 SIPA NEWS high quality care, there are many areas needing None of the Republican candidates have plans of this new expense by rolling back tax cuts for improvement. Recent data from the Centers for that mandate the provision or purchase of health people making more than $200,000 (Edwards) or Disease Control reveal a 4.5 percent infection rate insurance. $250,000 (Clinton and Obama) per year. The bal- per 100 hospital admissions, resulting in 100,000 There is more cross-party consensus on ap- ance would be financed from the savings achieved patient deaths per year. A 2001 report by the In- proaches to improving the quality of health care by the reforms described above. Striking a po- stitute of Medicine indicated that many doctors and reducing its cost. Many quality reforms are litical compromise to generate funding for health fail to routinely practice evidence based medi- also tools for cost containment between both par- care reform will be a major challenge facing the cine. The “cost” leg of the stool is the one perhaps ties. For example, the use of “pay-for-performance” candidate who wins in November 2008. in most need of repair, as it impairs our ability to reimbursement strategies is posed as either a qual- The next president will also have to make achieve better access and improved quality. Data ity and/or a cost idea by all of the leading can- critical decisions about implementation issues for 2005 show that we spent about $2 trillion on didates. Pay-for-performance provider payment with all of the plans. Market-based approaches health care in the United States, or $6,697 per schemes use financial incentives to improve the to fix the root problems of escalating costs and person, representing 16 percent of the Gross Na- quality of care delivered and in some instances uneven quality remain untested and are much too tional Product. This is more than any other indus- can mean withholding payment for the wrong optimistic. We are a long way from having the trialized nation. These costs are directly related to care. Many candidates propose preventive health data and resources for consumers to make effec- the increasing numbers of uninsured and underin- efforts and incentives to encourage healthy life- tive decisions about care. And even if those tools sured Americans. styles as means to better quality and lower costs. were in place, how does a market-driven system Americans may agree that reform is needed, but there is no consensus when it comes to defin- ing the solutions. The last effort to reform health Americans may agree that reform is needed, but there is no consen- care, led by then First Lady Hillary Clinton, end- sus when it comes to defining the solutions. The last effort to reform ed in failure for many reasons, including compet- ing visions for health reform. health care, led by then First Lady Hillary Clinton, ended in failure Of the 16 people currently in the race to be for many reasons, including competing visions for health reform. president, seven Democrats and four Republicans have developed formal plans for health reform; the others have stated key beliefs or principles re- Republican candidate Mike Huckabee suggests contain health costs that result from an aging garding the future of the health care system. lowering health insurance premiums for people population or effective but expensive new medical In terms of access there is a clear division be- who live a healthy life. advances? The advocates for insurance mandates tween the two parties. All of the Democratic can- Technological tools such as electronic health to achieve universal access are misleading when didates aim to achieve universal health insurance records have the potential to achieve substantial it comes to paying for the coverage expansions. coverage. None of the Republican candidates are savings in health care by reducing redundant pro- About half of the new costs are dependent on sav- calling for universal coverage. Instead, they are cedures and improving the delivery of preventive ings from health system reforms that take decades advocating expanding access to health insurance and chronic care. The major candidates all include to achieve; the newly insured will drive up new by making it more affordable for individuals and plans to enhance the use of technology in health costs much more quickly than reform savings will employers through tax deductions and tax credits. care. Reforms in medical malpractice and in the be achieved. Additionally, insurance is only one Republicans also favor a market-based approach purchasing of prescription drugs are also areas of part of a strategy to improving the nation’s health. to health reform. This usually implies creating consensus for ways to lower costs. Research shows that socioeconomic status, edu- financial incentives to encourage the health con- Taking a step back, the most striking contrast cational achievement, and a smaller gap between sumer to be more conscientious of the services among the candidates is the degree to which in- the rich and poor are also determinants of health. used and where they are purchased. dividuals and employers will be subjected to new Neither party has much to say about these issues. The paths the Democrats recommend to health insurance mandates. The principle of re- But despite these doubts, it is a time to be op- achieve universal coverage share several common quiring everyone to have insurance makes sense timistic about the potential for health reform. For concepts. Many of the plans build on components because, as a society, we do not deny care to those the first time since 1994, the issue is clearly on of the Massachusetts model that employs two key without insurance. This “charity care” is financed the political agenda and a major part of the public mandates: a “play or pay” approach that requires through an inefficient maze of tax-financed sub- discourse. And that is the first step in making any employers to provide health insurance to their sidies to providers and cost shifting to insured change. employees or help pay for their insurance and a patients that discourages preventive services mandate that requires all people to have health and earlier diagnosis of serious diseases. Getting Paula Wilson is an adjunct professor of International insurance. If the insurance is not available though all Americans under the health insurance tent is and Public Affairs and runs her own consulting practice, an employer or from a public health insurance the better policy goal, but it comes with substan- providing management, strategic planning, and other ser- program such as Medicare or Medicaid, those un- tial new costs. Estimates range from $90 billion vices to public, private, and nonprofit organizations. insured individuals would be required to purchase to $120 billion in new spending that will be re- insurance on their own, with lower income people quired to cover everyone and make the necessary receiving subsidies for the costs. Hillary Clinton, investments in technology and quality improve- Barack Obama, and John Edwards all call for some ment. The three leading Democrats—Clinton, variation of individual and employer mandates. Obama, and Edwards—would finance nearly half

SIPA NEWS 7 Washington and the Environment:

8 SIPA NEWS Washington and the Environment: How Today’s Regulations May Keep the Next President’s Hands Tied

By Matt Klasen

he environmental realities facing the incoming American president may owe less to broad national trends and more Tto the minutiae of the previous day’s Federal Register, a daily government publication that prints the regulations of gov- ernment agencies. As the New York Times noted in an article published this September, groundbreaking environmental policy is often made through “midnight regulations” enacted at the end of an out- going president’s term. And though the administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and secretary of the interior to be appointed in early 2009 may have their own envi- ronmental priorities, their initial jobs may involve little more than rolling back the last-minute decisions made by those who came before them.

President Clinton and his environmental cadre, office eager to focus on advancing new fossil fuel for one, used their last hours in office to announce energy legislation, soon found that road building aggressive environmental measures, including in isolated national forests and arsenic in water ordering the protection of nearly 60 million supplies had suddenly been thrust to the top of acres of public land from road building and the agenda. development, and slashing the allowable arsenic President Bush, aware of the contentious concentration in drinking water to one-fifth of environmental issues he inherited, will likely its previous level. President Bush, who entered launch his own last-minute regulations. Yet as

SIPA NEWS 9 President Bush spoke about climate change at a White House-sponsored conference on global warming, September 28, 2007, at the State Department. Bush called on the world’s worst polluters to come together to set a goal for reducing the greenhouse gas emissions that are causing the climate to heat up. He didn’t exempt the United States from the list.

Though U.S. participation is vital to effectively International Climate Change Three years ago, few would have expected address climate change, a Kyoto-like climate President Bush to spend part of this fall conven- ing his very own climate-change conference in “coalition of the willing” will likely emerge even Washington, D.C. Before the onset of recent heat waves and powerful hurricanes, and while An if the U.S. remains only a reluctant participant. Inconvenient Truth was still just a geeky PowerPoint presentation, President Bush seemed the least likely proponent of even voluntary national rushed and arcane as these proposed rules may commitments toward climate solutions. Despite be, they are likely to reflect a few broad trends potentially questionable motives, President Bush’s that have been building throughout the Bush recent gathering of world leaders to discuss administration. Above all, the U.S. government’s climate change indicates the urgency of finding next environmental leaders will need to continue climate solutions to succeed the Kyoto Protocol. addressing global climate change, resolving Given the current administration’s international sweeping jurisdictional issues raised by the U.S. reputation on climate issues and the difficulty in Supreme Court, and determining whether to fostering meaningful carbon reductions without continue the recent trend toward promoting full U.S. support, negotiations for a post-2012 voluntary programs and partnerships in place of climate treaty (the year that Kyoto expires) are 1970s-era top-down environmental regulations. unlikely to be finalized by the next president’s

10 SIPA NEWS first day in office. But President Bush has realized The Supreme Court’s 2006 decision in Rapanos In all areas of environmental protection—from that some type of post-Kyoto accord is virtually v. U.S., which dealt with the federal regulation of pollution prevention to mineral rights to endan- inevitable. Though U.S. participation is vital wetlands, presented a similar policy dilemma. The gered species protection—the next president to effectively address climate change, a Kyoto- Court had to resolve conflicting definitions of will need to decide whether promoting a non- like climate “coalition of the willing” will likely wetlands that are “navigable waters” and “waters regulatory, market-based approach makes eco- emerge even if the U.S. remains only a reluctant of the United States” under the Clean Water nomic, environmental, and political sense. The participant. Act. Although this question may seem trivial, the Bush administration, led by the “MBA president,” The next administration will likely continue this practical effects of the decision are enormous: has focused on economic efficiency as the basis global dialogue at least to ensure that the United Can the government regulate only natural wet- of nearly all its environmental initiatives. From States has a forum to share its climate views. If a lands and streams that directly connect to larger the EPA’s Clean Air Mercury Rule to the admin- Democratic candidate—or John McCain—wins bodies of water? Or, on the other hand, can the istration’s aborted Clear Skies Act, the economic the 2008 election, U.S. engagement will increase government regulate drainage ditches or isolated impacts of proposed environmental policies were by several orders of magnitude. wetlands in people’s backyards? assessed on a near-equal basis with the promised Despite the likelihood that Democrats will In a 5–4 decision, the Court took a compro- environmental benefits. The next president will still control Congress after 2008, the next presi- mise position, leaning in favor of a broad defini- have the ability to continue, reverse, or modify dent may face the same challenge that President tion of “wetlands.” As in Massachusetts v. EPA, the this recent trend toward strict economic evalua- Clinton faced: convincing a skeptical Congress government has proposed new regulations to tions of environmental policy. that cooling the climate won’t irreparably implement the decision, endorsing a somewhat As we move ahead, we see that the original harm the American economy. With reluctant limited view of federal authority. The Bush idealistic goals of 1970s-era environmental laws Democrats—such as Congressman John Dingell administration now must deal with the implica- are nearly impossible to achieve, and that the (D-MI), the chairman of the House Committee tions of these Supreme Court decisions, but final new challenges we face from global warming, on Energy and Commerce—still in charge of implementation of the Court’s decisions will lie biodiversity loss, and energy security will require key Congressional committees, seeking legisla- with the future administration’s policymakers. bold new solutions. We know very little about tive implementation of any climate accord may the hasty “midnight regulations” that will sit on occupy a sizeable chunk of the next president’s Voluntary or Regulatory our next president’s newly installed Oval Office first term. desk in January 2009. But by recognizing these Approaches? general trends in the domestic environmental Most American environmental laws at the federal The Supreme Court landscape, we begin to glimpse a clearer pan- level have been around for quite a while. Laws It is rare that the Supreme Court alters the envi- orama of the domestic environmental challenges regulating mining rights (1872) and national ronmental landscape, but it managed to do so that lie ahead. parks (1906) are more than 100 years old, while twice within the past two years. In April 2007, the broad frameworks for air, water, and land the Court decided in Massachusetts v. EPA that Matt Klasen is a 2007 graduate of SIPA’s MPA pro- pollution control were developed more than the Clean Air Act gives the EPA the authority gram in Environmental Science and Policy. 25 years ago. These laws have been largely to regulate carbon dioxide emissions as a “pol- successful at eliminating the easy, “first- lutant.” By opposing the Bush administration’s generation” environmental concerns facing the claims to the contrary, the Court ensured that country, such as preserving pristine national park climate change has become a domestic regulatory lands, preventing urban rivers from catching fire, priority regardless of U.S. participation in Kyoto and keeping the Los Angeles skyline clear on hot or its successors. summer days. In response, the EPA has reluctantly taken In the 21st century, new environmental on the task of determining whether and how to policies must address more complicated issues. expand its own regulatory authority on carbon Unlike earlier challenges, current environmental dioxide and will announce its decision within problems are not easily solved through months. But regardless of the precise regulatory straightforward command-and-control regulation. remedies that are selected, these policy deter- Beginning with the 1990 Clean Air Act, the United minations will inevitably be contentious and States has experimented with tradable emissions spark a new round of litigation. Responding to permits, which have thus far transformed our these challenges will be a key task for the next policy paradigm and currently supplement many president and the administration’s environmental traditional regulatory programs. team.

SIPA NEWS 11 January 21, 2009 Open Letter to a Democratic President By RicharD W. Bulliet

12 SIPA NEWS Begin immediately the relocation of com- Congratulations on your inauguration. May history bat units to bases outside the major cities of remember your term in office as the greatest political 2Iraq as a first step toward the withdrawal of ground forces from the country. Announce that turnaround in American history. (If you were a Republican combat operations will henceforth be restricted to fighting against those who attack American taking office, you would be stuck with an eight-year legacy troops, supply lines, or physical assets. Open ne- gotiations with the Iraqi government about the and not have the freedom to follow the advice I am pre- possibility of leaving a small number of combat units in the country for a fixed and limited period suming to offer.) to interdict the infiltration of foreign fighters and, in joint operations with the Iraqi army, combat groups that both the United States and the Iraqi government agree are primarily composed of for- Now to Iraq. Regardless of what you have said until now eign terrorists. in your quest for the presidency, it is time to look at con- Withdraw three combat brigades every four months. Pack up and send home ordinance, crete policies. Since your predecessor chose to stay the 3vehicles, and other movable equipment at a rate commensurate with the rate of withdrawal. course in Iraq down to the end of his administration, you Discuss with the Iraqi government the optimum disposition of immovable base assets, including have an immediate opportunity to show the people who destruction as an option. Publicize this policy as a process with interim target dates but with no ir- elected you, and the world, that you have thought through reversible completion date. Stress that the steady dismantling of bases is the best indicator of our the Iraq dilemma and are prepared to take our country intention to withdraw completely. in a new direction. With that in mind, I offer the following Redeploy most of the withdrawn brigades eleven suggestions as to how to conceive and implement that outside the Middle East region. It is impor- 4tant that the withdrawal be seen not as a new direction: pause in an inexorable American plan to shape by force the destiny of the Muslim world, but as a signal that a period of minimally veiled American Compounding one botched war in Iraq with imperialism is at an end. This signal is as impor- a second one in Iran would sink your presi- tant for improving America’s standing in the eyes dency before it starts. President Ahmadine- 1 of people outside the Muslim world as it is for jad of the Islamic Republic of Iran will be up for those within. reelection in seven months (August 2009). The Iranian people must be given an unfettered oppor- Continue to train the Iraqi army and negoti- tunity to retire him to private life and elect some- ate suitable levels of armament and logistic one of more liberal temperament. His unpopular- capability. Since internal disorder may in- ity in Iran already points in that direction. Hence, 5 crease as American forces withdraw, make it clear the United States should do nothing that would that the United States has no intention of arming enhance his prospects of reelection. Diplomacy one side in a civil war. In particular, Sunni groups must replace saber rattling, and the “axis of evil” that have worked with Americans to improve se- rhetoric must be retired. Many American lawmak- curity in areas poorly controlled by the govern- ers believe that democracy should be encouraged ment should not feel that we are leaving them to and that Iran is in need of regime change. So be slaughtered by overwhelming firepower in the let us do what we can to give the Iranians a hands of the Iraqi army. The Iraqi army should chance to change leaders through their own elec- not be given, or trained to use, tanks, armored toral system.

SIPA NEWS 13 personnel carriers, heavy artillery, surface-to-air missiles, or other major weapons systems. The The fine line that must be trod is between assuring Ameri- Iraqi air force should be limited to light planes cans that their continued concern with groups like al- and helicopters designed for reconnaissance and transport purposes only. Qaeda and the Taliban, and with domestic security, will be It is possible that a credible Iraq withdrawal given high priority without infringing on the Constitution. plan will help break the logjam that prevents 6the factions within the Iraqi government The rest of the world must be reassured that the nightmare from finding common ground. Announcing that American patience with political stalemate is not of neoconservative imperialism and runaway presidential inexhaustible, but never saying what the conse- quences of exhausting that patience would be, has power is over. certainly had the opposite effect. A solid biparti- san agenda in Washington can help as well. The last administration called on the Iraqi parliamen- logical benefits of withdrawing American ground used to underwrite needed domestic programs, tary majority to respect and conciliate the minor- forces. Iraq and its neighbors—Iran, Saudi Arabia, there should also be a commitment to repairing ity. But the Republicans in Washington took the Syria, Jordan, and Turkey—should be encouraged the war damage we have caused in Iraq and Af- opposite position vis-à-vis the Democrats. The to negotiate an Iraqi airspace agreement by which ghanistan. If Iraq becomes secure and stable af- administration further wanted Iraq’s oil wealth the signatories would agree not to overfly Iraq ter our withdrawal, it can rebuild on its own. But to be shared for the benefit of all Iraqis. But at with warplanes, or stage air attacks on Iraqi ter- Afghanistan deserves urgent attention, both to home it showered favors on rich Americans at the ritory, for the duration of the agreement. NATO establish effective government authority and to expense of ordinary families. Finally, the admin- or the United Nations should be asked to supply restore economic viability. istration wanted to keep Iraq united. But its poli- personnel to man radar sites in Iraqi territory and cies repeatedly exacerbated Red State–Blue State a squadron of warplanes to escort any interlop- Since you have four years in which to make a case divisions in the interest of maintaining power. It ing aircraft out of Iraq. Negotiating this sort of for your reelection, not everything needs to be is time to end the hypocrisy of asking others to agreement could offer an opportunity for regional done at once. Though fixing an early and irrevers- uphold democratic values that we ourselves flout. cooperation and trust building and interpose an ible date for the complete withdrawal of combat inviolable airspace between potential future ad- forces from Iraq would please those of your sup- If civil disorder intensifies in the wake of a versaries, such as Iran and Saudi Arabia, or Iran porters who voted for you explicitly to bring this staged American withdrawal of ground forc- and Israel. nightmare to an end, a botched withdrawal could 7es, the United States should continue to re- give comfort to your political enemies. What is spect the elected government, urge that elections Change the tone of security policy important is to make clear that a process of with- be held on schedule, and participate in election within the United States. Though it drawal is in place, and that that process will con- monitoring to assure the Iraqi people that we con- 10 can easily be demonstrated that the war tinue regardless of the Iraqi government’s success tinue to care about their political process. How- in Iraq has not made America more secure, many or failure in solving its factional problems within ever, American military forces should refrain from Americans believe the contrary because they have parliament and on the ground. The fine line that intervening in combat between rival factions. The heard it preached from the White House so many must be trod is between assuring Americans that Lebanon civil war demonstrated that intervention times. As President Bill Clinton has said, security their continued concern with groups like al-Qae- either bloodies the nose of the intervening par- worries at the dawn of the 21st century do not da and the Taliban, and with domestic security, ties, e.g., Israel and the United States, or dooms seem nearly as great as those that, through war or will be given high priority without infringing on that successful intervener, e.g., Syria, to endless slaughter, took more than 100 million lives during the Constitution. The rest of the world must be and debilitating military occupation. the 20th century. Yet Americans live in fear that reassured that the nightmare of neoconservative a repeat of 9/11 might imperil them personally, imperialism and runaway presidential power is Greatly expand the program to offer resi- and their fears have been regularly stoked by un- over. dence in the United States to Iraqis whose scrupulous politicians. It is time to scale down the 8willingness to work for the United States in fear and at the same time take reasonable steps at Sincerely yours, home, such as improving shipping container in- Iraq, or for American contractors, has put them Richard W. Bulliet and their families in danger. Offer humanitarian spection and chemical plant safeguards, to show aid and, when Iraqi domestic security permits, that security is not being ignored. Iraq must be Professor of History repatriation aid to the refugees from the war we delinked from the “war on terror,” and resort to Columbia University inflicted on Iraq. that terrible phrase should be quickly ended.

Explore the idea of a regional agreement A broad policy toward the “peace divi- to demilitarize Iraqi airspace. Continuing dend” earned by the tapering off of 9indefinitely to maintain air supremacy over 11the war in Iraq should be put in place. Iraq could undermine the political and psycho- Though part of the “peace dividend” should be

14 SIPA NEWS Global HIV/AIDS Policy after 2008: Opportunity for New American Leadership

By Sawa Nakagawa

SIPA NEWS 15 A billboard asking Ugandans to abstain from sex until marriage is displayed on the road in May 2005 in Kampala, Uganda.

ver the past few years, while the controversial (PEPFAR), a five-year, $15 billion program to combat the disease around the world. Despite the “war on terror” received much attention from initial expectation that PEPFAR would function as a multinational undertaking, it became a vehicle the U.S. government, another global war—the for carrying out HIV/AIDS programs based on battle against HIV/AIDS—has suffered from a American values rather than local needs. PEPFAR focused on prevention of HIV infection through lack of sufficient funding and effective policies. abstinence and behavior modification for youth, while ensuring that “the key behavioral messages OWith more than 40 million people living with HIV/AIDS around the of abstinence, faithfulnesses, and partner reduc- tion are not confounded.” As the U.S. Five-Year world, the U.S.’s morality-based prevention approach has failed Global HIV/AIDS Strategy in 2004 indicates, PEPFAR recognizes condoms as an instrument to address the roots of the pandemic. This presents on-going for “people who engage in risky behavior . . . challenges but also an opportunity for the post-2008 U.S. admin- includ[ing] prostitutes, sexually active discordant couples, [and] substance abusers,” and not for the istration to take the lead in promoting evidence-based HIV/AIDS general population. For FY 2007, 33 percent of the money allocated to all HIV prevention programs prevention programs tailored to each country’s needs. went to “Abstinence, Be Faithful” activities. The problem with this morality-based approach is three-fold: it fails to incorporate Dictating the Global Agenda scientific research regarding effective HIV pre- According to a 2004 U.S. presidential election vention strategies; it disregards the local cultural poll, 22 percent of the voters cited “moral values” context that significantly influences the HIV epi- as their main concern for choosing a president. demic; and it prevents dissemination of accurate Under the Bush administration, America’s “moral information such as the usage of condoms as a values” have not only set the tone for U.S. domes- highly effective prevention method. A recent sur- tic policies but have also dictated the agenda for vey among faith-based leaders in Uganda found the rest of the world. that 80 percent of them believed that AIDS was In 2003, President Bush launched the “God’s punishment” and showed that abstinence- President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief only campaigns were increasing the stigma.

16 SIPA NEWS Despite the initial expectation that PEPFAR would function as a multi-national undertaking, it became a vehicle for carrying out HIV/AIDS programs based on American values rather than local needs. PEPFAR focused on prevention of HIV infection through abstinence and behavior modification for youth . . . The next U.S. administration must make combating HIV/AIDS one of the key issues. It is critical that the United States leads the way for other countries and international organizations to scale up their efforts to respond to the HIV/AIDS crisis.

Fighting for Funding in South Africa that the Global Fund’s board had bowed to bating HIV/AIDS one of the key issues. It is criti- The influence of the U.S. administration’s focus international political trends. America’s morality- cal that the United States leads the way for other on moral values has gone beyond PEPFAR and based approach had undermined a successfully countries and international organizations to scale impacted the prevention approach and funding run local HIV/AIDS initiative. up their efforts to respond to the HIV/AIDS cri- allocation for other NGOs. sis. The key to success includes integrating sexual Africa is home to more than 25 million of the 40 Warning against Losing the Battle and reproductive health services with HIV/AIDS million people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide. Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the U.S. National programs; expanding access to cheaper generic In South Africa, 12 percent of the population, or more Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a antiretroviral drugs; and creating a locally-fo- than 5 million people, is infected with HIV. About top advisor to President Bush on HIV/AIDS, said cused approach. “You can’t get around teenagers 40 percent of South Africa’s population is under at a conference in July that the world was “losing having sex. There are so many behavioral, nor- the age of 15, and about 50 percent of HIV infec- its fight against AIDS. We need to make available mative, and even cultural issues that go hand in tion is estimated to occur before the age of 20. to the people throughout the world the preven- hand with it,” said one of the former employees of In December 2005, the Global Fund to Fight tion methods that are proven technologies.” loveLife, based in Johannesburg. The end of the HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria terminated Bush administration represents an opportunity to its funding of loveLife, South Africa’s largest HIV Seeking a New Paradigm revise programs that view AIDS as a moral issue prevention program targeted for youth. Criticism against PEPFAR is beginning to arise and promote effective and productive prevention In a statement, the Global Fund board found within the U.S. government. In July, the chairs of programs that suit each country’s needs. that loveLife was “deemed to not have sufficiently two committees in the House of Representatives addressed weaknesses in its implementation” of opened a probe into the effectiveness of PEPFAR’s Sawa Nakagawa expects to receive an MIA/MBA joint its often controversial youth-targeted HIV/AIDS “abstinence-only” policy. “[A] recently completed degree in 2009. campaign. This allegation was a surprise, as there impact evaluation that the Administration com- was increasing evidence of diminished infection missioned suggests that U.S.-funded ‘abstinence rates among the youth population at the time. A and be faithful’ programs are failing to meet the technical review panel appointed by the Global needs of sexually active youth,” wrote Henry Fund board had just reviewed a revised proposal Waxman (D-CA) and Tom Lantos (D-CA). On from loveLife and subsequently recommended June 22, 2007, the U.S. Congress passed mea- that the Global Fund board should fund the sures aimed at easing ideologically driven restric- revised proposal. Many people speculated that tions on global HIV-prevention funding. These the Global Fund’s decision was made on political represent a shift to a new stage of HIV/AIDS grounds, reflecting “U.S.-led right wing ideol- prevention policy for the United States. ogy.” Lovelife ’s CEO, David Harrison, claimed The next U.S. administration must make com-

SIPA NEWS 17 18 SIPA NEWS Powering India: A prototype for Nuclear Energy Agreements?

by Samanth Subramanian

n September 18, 1957, Dr. Homi Bhabha, the nuclear physicist who ushered India into the atomic age, partici- pated in a conference at Columbia University. Later that Oday, in an interview with the New York Times, he spoke of India’s pressing need for nuclear energy. Fifty years on, India and the United States are building an accord that will address exactly that need, giving India access to civilian nuclear technology and supplies of fuel. In both countries, however, new governments will soon be elected. In a year and a half, just as the new American president is getting accli- mated to the Oval Office, India will be preparing for a general elec- tion. This past summer, there was even talk of an earlier election, as the Congress Party, the dominant member of the ruling coalition, consid- ered a popular vote of confidence on the nuclear deal. Either way, there will soon be new leadership on both sides of the Indo-U.S. negotiating table, both warily sizing up the centerpiece: the nuclear deal.

SIPA NEWS 19 There is no doubt that India needs the energy. Its economy, one of the fastest grow- ing in the world, will only become thirstier for power, as will its population of 1.1 billion. The International Energy Agency estimates that India’s dependence on imported oil will grow from a present 70 percent to 91.6 percent by the year 2020. Coal and oil reserves everywhere are rapidly running out, and further growth by China and India will only put greater pressure on those resources. Were all of India to depend only on burning fossil fuels for the next few decades, greenhouse gas emissions would multi- ply at a truly devastating rate. Naturally, India is pegging its future on the atom. Nuclear power generates only 3 percent of the country’s electricity at the moment, but India hopes to triple that by 2011–12 and to draw at least a quarter of its power from nuclear plants by 2050. To do this, Indian nuclear scientists are convinced of the necessity, and have been among the most vocal supporters, of the 123

Agreement, which opens vital doors to imported Indian leftist activists shout slogans and hold placards as they take part in a protest in New Delhi, September 5, 2007, fuel and technology. (Section 123 of the United against a massive joint naval exercise, which kicked off September 4 in the Bay of Bengal and involved U.S. warships and a controversial nuclear deal with the United States. The international exercises faced resistance from anti-U.S. communist States Atomic Energy Act of 1954, titled allies of India's ruling Congress party, who denounced them as proof of “India's growing subservience to the United States.” “Cooperation with Other Nations,” establishes an agreement for cooperation as a prerequisite for nuclear deals between the United States and and sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. But the sis on transparency and the democratic process, any other nation. Such an agreement is called a 123 Agreement with India could also form a and less on the outright cessation of its nuclear “123 Agreement.”) paradigm for new nuclear power conventions, activities. Critics of the deal in India, both in the ones that reflect the hard ground realities about That sort of evolution of flexible standards Opposition as well as among the Communist emerging economies and their energy needs. promises to become increasingly important. Party—a key member of the government—fear India’s case is an instructive one. It has a Unless there are startling new discoveries of a quid pro quo: a subordination of India’s foreign 60-year track record of being emphatic about its fossil fuel reserves or alternative energy sources, policy to U.S. interests in return for energy democracy, and it has been responsible enough nuclear power seems to be the most realistic next security. They point to India’s vote against Iran to voluntarily control its indigenous nuclear step. The game thus has to change—away from at a meeting of the International Atomic Energy technology. As a Foreign Policy op-ed pointed one that is determined by the traditional big boys Agency (IAEA) last year as the first instance of a out last year, in 1978 India even spurned Libya’s of the playground and toward one that is shaped loss of independence. The 123 Agreement’s life offer to pay off its $15 billion foreign debt in by consensus and an international acceptance of depends too much on America’s continued coop- return for nuclear weapons. Within the frame- standards. A working 123 Agreement between eration, they argue; clauses that give America work of this deal, India is willing to negotiate India and the United States could well be the first the right to kill the agreement and demand a specific safeguards with the IAEA, to ensure that step in the right direction. return of any transferred equipment are tanta- plants remain secure. “When I judge that agree- mount to a finger kept on the trigger, ready to ment, I judge it [by asking] ‘does it enhance safe- Samanth Subramanian (MIA ‘07) concentrated in pull it if India does not concede to American ty?’ ” Mohammed ElBaradei, director-general of International Media and Communications. wishes. the IAEA, said in 2006. “And the answer is yes, This is a legitimate concern, but with a little because India is going to build so many reactors, acquiescence on America’s part, it can be negoti- and I’d like to make sure that they will get the ated. The United States has much to gain by highest level of advanced technology.” modeling India’s 123 Agreement along the lines These are signs of a country coming of age, of its considerably less restrictive accord with signs of a maturity and responsibility that can China and persuading its congress of the deal’s serve as templates as the international com- benefits. It implies, most obviously, less compe- munity faces nascent civilian nuclear energy tition in the purchase of fossil fuels, economic programs around the world. In the case of Iran, profits from the sales of nuclear technology, as for instance, a similar template might involve well as the advantages of less carbon monoxide greater involvement by the IAEA, more empha-

20 SIPA NEWS Getting Russia Right: The Future of U.S.-Russia Relations By Jackie Carpenter

here are sins of omission as well as commission in foreign policy, and they can be equally dangerous, each in their own quiet way. The Bush administration is guilty of both. At this point, few people debate that its conscious foreign policy decisions, rooted in misguided theories, have led to catastrophic T results in Iraq and the greater Middle East. However, it has been the administration’s inattention and its failure to take action that have caused dangerous storms to gather in other parts of the globe. Chief among these worries is the recent precipitous decline in the rela- tions of the United States with Russia. President Putin’s angry harangue in Munich last February against American power and unilateral policies demonstrated just how deep the rift with Russia has grown in Bush’s second term. For a number of important reasons, repairing this relationship needs to be a top priority of the next U.S. president.

SIPA NEWS 21 Left: A girl holds a placard that reads “Putin! Don’t prevent us from joining NATO and WTO” during picket- ing at the Russian embassy in Kiev in December 2005. Right: Supporters of Ukraine’s pro-Western presidential candidate Viktor Yushchenko rally in Kiev’s Central Square December 3, 2004.

t is wrong to assume that Russia does not have sig- nificant power just because we in the United States Ino longer fear her. In this post–Cold War world, power is not necessarily measured in military terms, even when it comes to our former Cold War foe.

Although the Cold War already seems like a the chief importer of their goods. For Moscow have been warmer. Putin appeared to be embrac- distant memory, a protracted acrimonious rela- this economic dependency means political lever- ing a policy of spirited cooperation with the West, tionship with Russia still has the potential to age. Countries in the region are well aware that which led an effusive Bush to declare that he gravely undermine world security and progress. they can expect mysterious commercial bans on had looked into Putin’s soul and apparently liked America’s poor relations with Russia already their most crucial exports if they run afoul of what he saw there. Putin also was the first inter- endanger the U.S.’s long-term energy security Moscow. Last year Georgia and Moldova suffered national leader to call the White House and offer and economic health, while impeding the devel- through long bans on their wine after embracing unqualified support after September 11, 2001. opment of democracy across a great swath of the Westward-looking foreign policies. And even though Russia opposed the 2003 inva- world. Over the last few years, Russia’s receptive- Secondly, Russia not only holds the larg- sion of Iraq, Putin stood in the background and ness to policies of the reform-minded, Westward- est natural gas reserves in the world, but it also let France and Germany engage in the verbal looking governments of countries like Ukraine has significant or controlling interest in nearly crossfire. and Georgia, for instance, has been hindered by every oil and gas pipeline across Central Asia. What has really soured relations between the cool temperature of our diplomatic relations. This is due to the political dexterity and vision Russia and the United States is the one issue The more Russia sees the West as a threat, the of President Putin, who has managed to sew up that Russia is more sensitive about than any more it thwarts the ambitions of its former repub- control of Central Asian energy while the United other: the retention of its interests in former lics to enter the EU or NATO. For this reason, States has been preoccupied with Iraq. Just this Soviet Union countries. In 2002, 2003, and if our current antagonism with Russia continues past May he acquired yet another coveted feather 2004, a series of “color” revolutions swept unchecked, the consequences will be especially in his cap—an agreement with Kazakhstan across Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, and Ukraine, respec- severe for the economic and democratic futures and Turkmenistan to construct the Pre-Caspian tively, in which the public revolted against of smaller countries in Central Europe and Pipeline, which will facilitate the export of Moscow-backed power brokers in national elec- Central Asia that find themselves stuck in the Turkmen gas to Europe via Russia. This crucially tions. To some this appeared to be merely the middle of a tug-of-war. undercuts the U.S.-initiated Trans-Caspian pipe- forces of democracy in action, but to the Russian It is wrong to assume that Russia does line, which would have transported Turkmen gas elite it was the work of Western NGOs and intelli- not have significant power just because we in to the West through Turkey but has languished gence services that were using an allegedly dem- the United States no longer fear her. In this for years due to lack of resolve. This recent vic- ocratic framework to undermine Russia’s influ- post–Cold War world, power is not necessarily tory only confirms what has long been known: ence that remained from its superpower days. measured in military terms, even when it comes Russia is a top global energy player, perhaps sec- Since the 2004 Orange Revolution in to our former Cold War foe. First of all, Russia ond only to Saudi Arabia in influence. Ukraine, especially, U.S. calls for democratic and wields unquestionable political and economic The key to repairing our crucial relationship civil liberty reforms in Russia have been inter- might in Eurasia, simply because of the size of with Russia lies in accurately diagnosing when preted by the Russian elite as diplomatic double- its market. Former Soviet republics from Ukraine and why it veered off track. When Bush took speak geared toward undermining its influence in to Turkmenistan still rely heavily on Russia as office in 2001, relations with Russia could not its “near abroad.” Putin’s rhetoric in response to

22 SIPA NEWS Western criticism of his government has become increasingly hostile and sarcastic, but this has not jeopardized his standing with ordinary Russians he other good news when contemplating new diplo- at all. They still give him a whopping 80 percent approval rating, thanks to the rise in their indi- macy with Russia is that symbolic gestures, which vidual incomes across the board and the improved economic stability of the country. do not cost much, go a long way. Above anything In this climate, every interaction between the T United States and Central Asia or Eastern Europe else, Russia’s elite covets some of the international pres- provokes a dangerous response from Russia. The uproar in January over proposed missile tige and influence it lost 17 years ago. defense sites in Poland and the Czech Republic is a recent case in point, all the more disturbing because these countries’ new status as members Georgia breathing room to diversify their econo- difficult issues like internal economic and demo- of the EU and NATO did not cause Russia to tem- mies and, with U.S. encouragement, build neces- cratic reform can be broached. per its threats. For countries outside those pro- sary institutions. The other good news when contemplating tective umbrellas, such as Georgia and Moldova, The Russian elections this coming March will new diplomacy with Russia is that symbolic ges- every exchange with the West is fraught with even present the next American president with a poten- tures, which do not cost much, go a long way. more peril. tially significant opportunity. Although Putin will Above anything else, Russia’s elite covets some A more effective diplomatic path with Russia most likely become prime minister, it is now cer- of the international prestige and influence it lost would allay its fears about the intentions of the tain that he is vacating the post of president. This 17 years ago. If the United States just gives it United States in Eurasia and temper U.S. criti- December he endorsed Dmitri Medvedev as his some of the attention and deference it desires cisms of its civil society, at least for now. Until successor, which practically guarantees the young on the world stage, it could find that, by the end perceptions in Russia about U.S. motives Gazprom chairman the job. Medvedev is a solid of the next president’s tenure, Russia has been change, these criticisms cannot be heard in a Putin loyalist, to be sure, but unlike Putin he is transformed into a powerful ally that responds to, productive way and will only worsen the situa- not an alumnus of the Cold War security services. rather than balks at, our advice and influence. tion. Furthermore, the hopes for the new leaders According to various sources, he also possesses swept into office during the color revolutions a more free-market, Western-oriented outlook. Jackie Carpenter (MIA ’08) is concentrating have faded, largely due to the absence of institu- Chances are good that Medvedev will do his part in International Media and Communications and tions in their countries that could have supported to find common ground on issues such as energy pursuing a regional certificate from the Harriman reform. A warming of relations with Russia would security and stalled arms reduction treaties. After Institute in former Soviet Union countries. give nascent democracies like Ukraine and a foundation of trust and cooperation is laid, more

SIPA NEWS 23 Shanxi Province, February 2007. Poster on the wall inside the Ma ji Liang Mi-ne (coal mine number 10).

24 SIPA NEWS Behind the Glimmering Façade: A Look into China’s Environmental Crisis

by Nichole Wong Gomez

he next American president will be elected sible. Many obstacles lie in China’s path toward to office less than three months after greater economic prosperity and sociopolitical TChina’s splashy debutante party: the 2008 stability, but its pressing environmental crisis Beijing Olympics. In preparation for the Games, may be the key threat to its development into China has been submitting itself to unprec- a bona fide world power. Pan Yue, a vice min- edented scrutiny under the world’s microscope. ister of China’s State Environmental Protection As a result, an opportunity has emerged for U.S. Administration, cautioned in 2005 that “The foreign policymakers to engage China for mutual [economic] miracle will end soon because the benefit. environment can no longer keep pace.” Far from In a 2005 speech to the National Committee being pessimistic, the facts lead straight to this on U.S.-China relations, then Deputy Secretary conclusion. of State Robert Zoellick called on China to Of the world’s 20 most polluted cities, 16 are “work with us to sustain the international sys- in China. Seventy percent of China’s energy is tem that has enabled its success.” Although this supplied by coal, contributing to disease-causing has yet to come to fruition, China is clearly levels of air pollution as well as acid rain, which eager to gain the world’s respect. According to falls on up to a third of China’s agricultural the Xinhua News Agency, China is pursuing a land. A severe water shortage is a leading cause foreign policy of “peace and development to of death among children under five years of bring harmony, security, and prosperity to all.” age, according to the World Bank. Pollution, In recent years China has engaged in a massive untreated waste, fertilizers, and pesticides con- diplomatic charm offensive, entering what some taminate up to 75 percent of the ground and observers have called “a golden age” of diplomacy. river water that is available throughout the During this much-heralded Chinese ascen- country. Furthermore, rapid desertification and dancy, the United States will have an oppor- land degradation, combined with acute soil con- tunity to hold China to its ingratiating words. tamination, seriously diminish crop yields and The administration will have vested interests in biodiversity. helping China attain as smooth a rise as pos- If environmental degradation continues at this

SIPA NEWS 25 pace, the population’s skyrocketing demands for boldfaced bribery to wreak environmental havoc If environmental the most basic essentials will not be sustainable with impunity. much longer. What’s more, these negative effects In a political culture long entrenched with degradation continues are rapidly spreading to the rest of the world. cronyism and corruption, ambitious environmen- at this pace, the popu- China has already surpassed the United States as tal regulations and targets issued in Beijing have the world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide, a little relevance to daily business conduct on the lation’s skyrocketing primary greenhouse gas that contributes to glob- ground. Beijing’s five-year plan released in 2005 al climate change, according to a 2007 report called for drastic reductions in pollution, water demands for the most from the Netherlands Environmental Assessment consumption, and energy inefficiency. Instead of Agency. According to studies done by the U.S. meeting these targeted reductions, pollution and basic essentials will Environmental Protection Agency, a staggering consumption rates have actually increased at an 25–40 percent of the world’s mercury emissions, alarming rate. not be sustainable which cause birth defects and developmental The crux of China’s environmental dilemma problems, come from China, as do a significant lies in dysfunctional local enforcement. While much longer. proportion of polluting particulates found in U.S. Beijing’s pronouncements are well intentioned, air and water. local officials and businesses are too often short- Asia, Africa, and Latin America feel the sighted and intractable in their noncompliance. effects of China’s bottomless appetite for natural Fines and legal punishment for violating envi- resources as well. Chinese multinational corpora- ronmental regulations often amount to less than tions (MNCs) engage in mining, energy drilling, the cost of implementing the necessary measures and illegal logging in countries throughout these and upgrades. No matter how ambitious Beijing continents, often establishing supportive rela- may be in tackling these issues, the present sys- tionships with regimes of worldwide disrepute tem is set up for failure. such as Sudan, Zimbabwe, and Angola. Despite Before the United States and China can its professed foreign policy of noninterference, move toward an environmental rapprochement Beijing does not hesitate to prop up oppres- and pave the way for a successful international sive regimes with cash and weapons where treaty, the United States must get its own house expediency dictates. Just as troubling is China’s in order. The next administration will be hard rapacious disregard for its partner countries’ pressed to prod China to overhaul its environ- environmental policies, as in the case of illegal mental policy as long as the American govern- logging in the shrinking forests of Myanmar and ment continues its own self-serving environ- Cambodia, where Chinese MNCs engage in mental policy. The administration must form a

26 SIPA NEWS Left: Shanghai in the smog at sunset. Middle: Linfen, China, is one of the most polluted cities in the world. Coal production and the presence of coal burning power plants are the main sources of pollution in this city. Right: A Chinese workers clears away rubbish from a typically polluted river in Beijing, April 2007. Water supplies for about 150,000 people in southwest China may have been contaminated after high levels of heavy metals were discovered in a local river, the state press reported. The incident is the latest to highlight major water problems in China, where around 300 million people do not have access to clean water, according to previously released official figures.

cohesive national policy on climate change and collaboration toward attainable goals. incentives to American multinational corpora- environmental preservation that includes a com- A key factor fueling American reticence tions to follow in Wal-Mart’s wake and collabo- mitment to concrete carbon emissions reduc- toward the Kyoto Protocol was China’s exemp- rate with their partner factories and suppliers in tions, whether a cap-and-trade system similar tion from the agreement’s mandatory carbon China to attain greater energy efficiency and to the one upheld by the Kyoto Protocol, or a emissions caps. But without active U.S. par- pollution reduction targets attached to financial carbon taxation program. ticipation in a binding global contract, China rewards. When Chinese businesses are con- Beijing clearly realizes that resolving these cannot be expected to agree to an internation- vinced that improving environmental practices environmental crises is imperative to its growth ally mandated emissions cap, since a cap would and making their operations transparent to the as a global economic powerhouse and its desire undoubtedly undermine its economic expansion. public are good for business, there will be a to become a “responsible stakeholder” on the SIPA Adjunct Professor Daniel Rosen agrees much greater chance of widespread compliance. world stage. What the United States must real- on the importance of U.S. participation in the Most importantly, the United States must ize, however, is that China is not Beijing. It is a process. “The U.S. can help China with its envi- hold itself to the same standards of environmen- vast, fragmented country with disparate inter- ronmental challenge by stepping up and declar- tal prudence it demands from China. In negotia- ests under a largely decentralized government. ing its own commitments to deal with carbon tions for a post-Kyoto Protocol climate regime, Truly paving the way for progress would require emissions and global warming. With that, China the United States must put forth standards and transparency and accountability at every level could move to embrace changes more quickly practices it is willing to fully commit to, and of government, as well as an empowered justice itself, and this in turn would open up further ones that China (and other developing nations) system, and a thriving media and civil society opportunities for U.S. technical and possibly will realistically accept without being let off the able to hold authorities to their word. But it is financial assistance in a virtuous spiral upward.” hook. precisely this kind of bottom-up reform that The Bush administration, often beholden The next U.S. president must not let the strikes at the heart of the Communist Party’s to the interests of the private sector, has shied lesson of Bush’s mistake—his slowness to fears of democratization. away from implementing emissions programs acknowledge and act on the threatening realities It is essential to U.S. and international inter- perceived as economically inconvenient. The of climate change and environmental degrada- ests that the next U.S. president call on China to next administration must realize that the envi- tion—go to waste. He or she should leverage adopt environmental practices. The U.S. admin- ronment is no longer an issue to be politicized. the moral outrage and global urgency fueled by istrations under Presidents Clinton and Bush Even, Wal-Mart, one of the world’s largest Bush’s lassitude to catalyze accelerated action, famously declined to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, multinational corporations, is emerging as a redoubled effort, and increased international setting a difficult precedent for international cli- potential leader in the greening of China. Wal- cooperation to begin the repairs our planet so mate change negotiations. The next administra- Mart is asking for the regular measurement and badly needs. tion must capitalize on the new round of nego- management of greenhouse gas emissions from tiations to establish a post-Kyoto environmental its suppliers, many of which are based in China. Nichole Wong Gomez (MIA ‘08) is concentrating in policy regime that encourages maximum global Additionally, the administration can offer International Media and Communications.

SIPA NEWS 27 A Challenge for the Next President: Free Trade What the uphill struggle to pass a free trade accord in Costa Rica can teach the next president. By Lincoln Ajoku

Undoubtedly, the next president of the United in October. By ratifying the agreement, Costa On October 7, more than 1.5 million Costa States will struggle to advance a free trade agen- Rica joined Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Ricans went to the polls to decide on CAFTA. The da. Several Democratic presidential candidates Honduras, and the Dominican Republic in main- final outcome was 51.6 percent in favor and 48.4 have criticized the North American Free Trade taining duty-free status on nearly 80 percent of percent against, according to the electoral tribunal. Agreement (NAFTA) and other free trade agree- their products exported to the United States. Costa This close vote reflected many of the views that I ments. Republicans, when they were in control Rica joined these nations in eliminating tariffs observed during a visit to Costa Rica last August. I of Congress, failed to extend the president’s on U.S. exports of manufactured and agricultural spoke with several Costa Ricans about the CAFTA “fast-track” authority, which required Congress goods. referendum and their impressions of the United to approve or reject trade deals negotiated by the This region of 47 million people consumed States. Opinions were diverse and passionate. president without amendments. The new president an estimated $20 billion in U.S. goods in 2006. Roylan Alvarez Barrantes, a civil engineer from will have to take into account the fault lines that Currently, the United States enjoys a trade surplus Liberia, a city in the northwest, where the local have emerged on trade, not only on the domestic with Costa Rica: in 2006, exports to the Central economy is booming due to European and American level, but on the international level as well. American nation totaled $4.6 billion, while imports tourists and transplants, held a positive view of the In Latin America, there is concern that large stood at $3.2 billion. United States and CAFTA. Though he planned to U.S. corporations will use their economic might Just days before the referendum, the Bush vote for the agreement, he worried about the qual- to eliminate local competitors, limit national sov- administration warned that if voters rejected ity of the campaign. “Unions have a lot of power in ereignty, and flood their markets with cheap, CAFTA, the United States would not renegotiate this country—they say ‘no’ to [CAFTA], they block subsidized U.S. agricultural products that will over- the trade agreement. It also said Costa Rica could roads. The government tells you to ‘vote yes, this is whelm local agriculture and foster unemployment. not count on duty-free access to U.S. markets the solution,’ but not why,” he said. These fears have contributed in part to the failure without CAFTA. Supporters cited this interjection Uriel Cortes Siles, a manager at Instituto of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), by Washington as proof that Costa Rica could Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE), the state- a proposal to eliminate tariffs and trade barriers not afford to reject the agreement. Opponents owned telecommunications and power company, throughout the Western hemisphere. In addition, faulted the Bush administration for meddling in held the view that CAFTA is deeply flawed: “[It] U.S. efforts to promote trade have raised the ire of their country’s affairs. Meanwhile, Democrats, is for the politicians and businessmen—it is not Cuban leader Fidel Castro and Venezuelan leader including House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senate for the people . . . I feel it goes against the laws of Hugo Chavez, who have voiced strong opposition to Majority Leader Harry Reid, refuted the Bush Costa Rica,” he said. free trade agreements crafted by Washington. administration’s assertions, arguing that Costa Rica ICE holds a monopoly in the power and telecom- One country that offers a view of the oppor- would still enjoy access to U.S. markets through munications sectors, which would end if CAFTA tunities and the pitfalls of free trade is Costa the Caribbean Basin Initiative, which currently were approved. Cortes felt private companies would Rica, where the population voted in favor of the provides 24 beneficiary countries with duty-free not have an incentive to provide telecommunica- Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) access to the U.S. market for most goods. tion or electric services to poor and rural parts

28 SIPA NEWS of the country, as ICE does: “We have managed iffs for their exports to the United States if Costa Left: Costa Rican coffee harvesters. to provide electricity to 90 to 95 percent of the Rica rejected CAFTA. Right: President Bush, with (left to right) Amb. Guillermo Castillo population, even in [distant] areas, at a low cost.” The next American president should recog- Villacorta of Guatemala, Special Envoy for Honduras Norman Cortes and other union employees of state-owned nize the divisions free trade brings, particularly Garcia, Sen. Norm Coleman, (R-MN), Rep. Clay Shaw (R-FL), companies were determined to defeat the agree- abroad. He or she cannot easily dismiss concerns and Sen. Richard Lugar (R-IN), signs into law the Central America Free Trade Agreement, August 2, 2005. ment at the ballot box. some opponents have about agricultural products Marjorie Garita Sanchez, a teacher in the Orosi or stringent intellectual property requirements, Valley, a center of coffee production, was critical provisions that nearly led to CAFTA’s defeat. The of Costa Rica’s politicians and worried about the United States should encourage democratic debate these perceptions, if he or she seeks to promote a effects of globalization. She was concerned mostly in other countries about these accords and refrain free trade agenda. about U.S. intentions: “The U.S. is a large, eco- from meddling so as not to create the impression While it is clear that Costa Rica has voted in nomically powerful country that needs to create that the United States is bullying these countries favor of free trade, what is less clear is whether strategies to maintain its strength in the world,” to accept free trade. its leadership will be able to unite a country that she reasoned. She believed that NAFTA had not Costa Rica, a traditionally strong ally of the has been deeply divided by this referendum. In brought the benefits of free trade it promised. United States, has opened up to trade, is develop- determining its economic future, the country, to its Despite these reservations, she decided to ing rapidly, and has the highest per capita income credit, was able to display to the world its strong support CAFTA. “I would like to vote no . . . but among its Central American peers. Its struggle to democratic credentials. I will vote yes. While I don’t agree with many pass CAFTA should be of great concern to the next Despite the polarizing campaigns, some such points of free trade, I believe Costa Rica doesn’t U.S. president. Further, bilateral free trade agree- as Roylan Alvarez felt that the important thing was have an option,” she said. Rejecting CAFTA would ments cannot substitute for the Doha Round of that Costa Ricans had the opportunity to voice their be a stinging rejection of the United States by a trade talks or the Free Trade Area of the Americas opinions about free trade at the polls. nation that has long been considered a close ally plan, both of which are stalled due to deep divi- “It’s not perfect, but we are a democracy after and whose democratic traditions and stability are sions between developing and developed nations. all,” he noted. admired by American officials. SIPA Professor Thomas Trebat, executive direc- Computer engineer Carlos Quiros worried about tor of the Institute of Latin American Studies, Lincoln Ajoku (MIA ’08) is concentrating in Costa Rica’s future without CAFTA: “We have two noted that views of free trade agreements in Latin International Economic Policy. options: export goods and services or export people America were often skeptical of the United States. to the United States. The second option will occur “A perception exists among a large part of the pop- if we don’t have [CAFTA].” ulation that [free trade] is a losing game and serves Indeed, on August 14, several large companies the interests of the U.S.,” Trebat said. America’s threatened to leave the country, fearing higher tar- next president will most certainly have to deal with

SIPA NEWS 29 EU’s New Geopolitical Reality: Do Not Expect a pro-American Stance By Eduardo Peris Deprez

30 SIPA NEWS n the course of the past two years, Europe other things, identify themselves with a common has seen major changes in leadership, with European foreign and defense policy. Sarkozy’s new heads of states coming into power in vision of a unified Europe may be compromised three of its most important countries—Ger- by the possible accession of Turkey into the many, France, and the United Kingdom. In European Union. Accepting Turkey into the EU is November 2005, Angela Merkel took office currently unpopular with many European citizens, asI the first female chancellor of Germany, while in who are afraid of the challenges the Union could 2007 Nicolas Sarkozy became president of France face in absorbing a majority Muslim nation—one and Gordon Brown prime minister of the United that would be the most populous of the EU’s Kingdom. Both Sarkozy and Merkel are more members. American foreign policymakers, long openly pro-American than their predecessors; hoping for Turkey’s accession, can also expect nevertheless, they are held accountable to voters Merkel to be sympathetic to Sarkozy’s views. who were very proud of the strong anti-imperialist Echoes of Cold War problems continue to stances of previous leaders such as Jacques trouble the European powers and will inform From left to right: Germany’s chancellor Angela Merkel, Chirac and Gerhard Schröder. The next U.S. presi- U.S.-EU-Russian relations. Specifically, how France’s president Nicolas Sarkozy, and Britain’s prime dent can expect an improvement in transatlantic minister Gordon Brown chat prior a working session Europe deals with Russia will be a clear sign of its relations and a more pro-American rhetoric but during the second day of a European Union summit, cohesion and strength and should be closely fol- October 19, 2007, in Lisbon. should remain skeptical about how these more lowed by American policymakers. Angela Merkel, conciliatory words will translate into actions. though born in the former East Germany and who Sarkozy, by recently spending his vacations in that she will voice her own opinions and is not speaks Russian, is more reserved in her approach the United States and addressing a joint session afraid to confront the Bush administration on toward Russia than was former chancellor Gerhard of Congress, sent a strong signal that the tide is such controversial issues. Furthermore, she heads Schröder, who now sits on the supervising board shifting when it comes to transatlantic relations. a coalition that consists of many members of the of Gazprom, Russia’s energy giant. Germany’s His comments expressing gratitude for America’s Social Democratic Party who hold key positions once strong partnership with Russia has been engagement in World War II and intention to in the German government. Traditionally less pro- adversely affected by Russia’s joint military have France resume its full role in NATO clearly American, they also might block any major foreign maneuvers with China and its continued support convey a message of friendship and cooperation. policy changes. of the Serbian side in the Kosovo crisis. Although Sarkozy may be categorized as pro- As for the United Kingdom, unlike Tony Blair, Russian involvement with the major conflicts American, he is, above all, a Gaullist committed Gordon Brown is better known as a technocrat in the Middle East will also be crucial. Many to la grandeur de la France, and it remains to than a charismatic leader and is less inclined to European leaders think these issues can only be be seen whether this new relationship, comically be swayed by President Bush’s aggressive rheto- solved with the full participation of regional pow- dubbed hamburger diplomacy, will bring the ric. Although he has limited experience in foreign ers such as Iran and Syria and are contingent on changes Americans are expecting. affairs, during his recent trip to Camp David, a speedy resolution to the Palestinian-Israeli con- Most importantly, Sarkozy is championing a he made it quite clear that he would determine flict. For this to happen, other important matters prodigious amount of change within France. As his own foreign policy. The United Kingdom’s need to be resolved, such as finding a solution a result, he cannot afford to burn his political principle commitment in the war against terror- to the missile defense folly over Eastern Europe capital by being too overtly pro-American. Under ism is taking place in Afghanistan, not Iraq. To that divides Europe and antagonizes Russia. Given Sarkozy, France will continue to promote its own avoid any doubt, under Brown’s leadership, the the EU’s constitutional fiasco and the comments priorities in international relations, particularly United Kingdom withdrew its military forces from made by Donald Rumsfeld on the divide between in Africa and the Middle East, where—especially Southern Iraq and has signaled that a complete the “new and old Europe,” European governments since the embarrassing Suez Canal incident of withdrawal is imminent. have become extremely wary of anything that 1956—its influence has not been systematically With respect to European internal affairs, the might further disunite them, especially if it is ini- aligned to U.S. policy. In order to understand major change resulting from the new leadership tiated from the other side of the Atlantic. this, one simply needs to compare the role of the could be a united Franco-German front pushing Therefore, although the European Union is now United Kingdom and France, both former colo- for reforming the European Union itself. During rhetorically much closer to its American friend, its nial powers in that region, in responding to the his presidential campaign, Sarkozy promised that internal realities and the regrettable international American-led invasion of Iraq. Tony Blair affirmed he would “un-‘bloc’ institutional Europe, to work reputation the United States has garnered among his position as Bush’s staunchest ally, ulti- on a more simplified treaty.” His visit to Berlin the European public make it hard for these new mately jeopardizing his own political career, while on the day he was inaugurated and his partner- pro-American leaders to realize major favorable Jacques Chirac was unequivocal in his condemna- ship with Merkel served as an impetus for the 27 shifts toward the United States. The next U.S. tion of the war, refusing both military and moral EU members to work toward a simplified treaty president will have to take into account the politi- support. It remains to be seen what Tony Blair instead of a European constitution—a move that cal realities confronting European leaders when will accomplish in his new role as mediator in the could lead to renewed progress in the European assessing the strengths of U.S.-European ties. Middle East; his past actions do not make him a integration process. Realpolitik is a European concept after all. favorite partner in parts of the Muslim world. Sarkozy has made it clear that he wants a Angela Merkel is similarly keen for better “political Europe.” By this he means a Europe Eduardo Peris Deprez (MIA ’08) is concentrat- cooperation with the United States. However, her that plays a greater role on the grand chessboard ing in International Security Policy. open criticism of Guantánamo has made it clear of global politics; a Europe whose citizens, among

SIPA NEWS 31 MEMO RY AND NATIO NAL IDENTITY

By Jina Moore

wo days after NATO acciden- The challenge this poses for the next presi- bombing or the 2001 collision of a U.S. spy plane tally bombed China’s embassy dent will come in different forms. One is the and a Chinese aircraft 65 miles from Chinese in Belgrade in 1999, throngs obvious division historical disputes can create waters. “Historic memory provides a frame or a of government-organized pro- between American allies: South Korean and lens that leaders or people use for interpreting testers—university students and Chinese demands for justice for Japanese human information, to understand the crisis situation,” faculty, state-owned company rights violations during World War II will likely he says, “and it limits—or creates—options for Temployees, priests and ministers, even Tibetan complicate America’s agenda in East Asia. These policy when state leaders face a crisis.” monks—marched outside the U.S. embassy in tensions between allies can be exacerbated by The memories may be powerful, but they are Beijing, chanting “Down with American imperialism!” the U.S. Congress itself, which often adopts the not entirely precise. “When I talk about the hundred That the Chinese government was angry rhetoric of moral rectitude in resolutions support- years of humiliation, it’s mainly Japan or Britain or seemed understandable. But what Americans ing demands for apologies. Russia,” Wang adds. That hasn’t stopped the might glibly brush off as “ancient history” is not Some tensions in East Asia require a longer Chinese from viewing moments of crisis in Sino- just a Chinese preoccupation. In Turkey and historical lens. Western attacks on Chinese sov- U.S. relations through the lens of that memory, in Armenia, Korea and Japan, India and Pakistan, ereign territory, which so influenced Chinese which America has played a very small role. and elsewhere, the past can be as viciously con- reactions to the Belgrade bombings in 1999, Collective memories, unlike history, suffer tentious as the present—and a potential spoiler reach back more than 160 years to the Opium little for their imprecision. Since the introduction for America’s global agenda. As America’s next Wars, which began when Chinese administrators of the concept by the French sociologist Maurice president shapes foreign policy, he or she will imposed a ban on imports of opium smuggled in Halbwachs in the 1920s, collective memory has increasingly have to face a powerful variable: by the British. Unwilling to part with substantial often been contrasted with history. If history is history that is not ours. profits from the illicit sale of opium, the British understood as a verifiable record of past events, A quick survey of global hot spots shows that retaliated by sending gunboats to attack China’s collective memory is about how that past defines historical memory is a principal actor on the coastal cities. This eventually led to two wars group identities today. Even after they are record- world stage: India’s communal violence and the between China and the West, resulting in hefty ed, “[e]vents are constantly being reshaped and legacy of Kashmir; Cambodia’s bitter feelings Chinese concessions, most notably to the British, reconstructed,” writes Valerie Rosoux, a research toward Vietnam; Burundi’s recurring cycles of the loss of Hong Kong. fellow at the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research ethnic slaughter; and, of course, Rwanda, Bosnia, The Chinese remember these wars and the and one of the first scholars to tackle the role and Kosovo—to name but a few. The bloody events that followed as “the hundred years of of memory in international relations. “It should ethnic conflicts of the 1990s are all the proof we humiliation,” says Zheng Wang, a professor of come as no surprise that, in the context of official should need that unacknowledged histories of international relations at Seton Hall University. memory, the past is often considered a malleable marginalization and oppression don’t fade away. These were years “when China was weak and tool rather than an immutable narrative.” In fact, those memories often get passed down Western powers took advantage of that.” It’s a This means that collective memories can through generations—and as they are perpetu- long memory, Wang says, one revived especially compete, especially when national interests do, ated, they ossify. in cases of emergency or crisis, like the embassy and can be exploited. The ongoing dispute

32 SIPA NEWS Left: Japanese women hold portraits of Chinese, Philippine, South Korean, and Taiwanese former “comfort women” who were sex slaves for Japanese soldiers during World War II, at a protest held in front of the Japanese parliament in Tokyo, June 2007. About 150 people took part in the protest demanding compensation by the Japanese government. Center: People walk to pay their respect at a hilltop memorial in the Armenian capital Yerevan, April 2007. Armenians marked the 92nd anniversary of the killing of hundreds of thousands of their compatriots under the Ottoman Empire, an event recognized as genocide by many countries but a flashpoint in relations between Turkey and the West. Right: Japan’s Chuo University students look at display of pictures of Korean “comfort women” at the Historical Museum of Sexual Slavery by the Japanese Military in Gwangju, south of Seoul. Calls for Japan’s apology for these so-called “comfort women” flared anew after Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said in March 2007 that there was no proof that the women were coerced into prostitution. between Turkey and Armenia over the massacre . . . I don’t think the Turks are bluffing,” Secretary of who thinks Americans are uniquely forward look- of Armenians in 1915 is an example. Armenia Defense Robert Gates said at a press conference ing. But if the proverbial American fixation on claims the massacres of the Christian Armenian in mid-October. “I think they see implications in the future fails to make our policymakers sensitive minority in Turkey were genocide; Turkey insists terms of reparations and perhaps even borders.” to the relevance of history, that other American the roundup of Armenians was a justifiable defense Gates said that 70 percent of U.S. air cargo and truism—isolationism—seems to circumscribe against a suspicious population during war, and roughly a third of fuel headed for Iraq go through action. What, after all, can an American presi- that the deaths that resulted, often from starva- a single Turkish town, giving the historical debate, dent do to make the Japanese apologize to South tion, were unfortunate—but not intentional. in his words, “real consequences.” Korea for its institutionalization of sexual slavery The dispute is again center stage in Washington, Such pragmatic considerations don’t surprise during World War II or to make the Turks and D.C., where a resolution to acknowledge the theorists; one function of official narratives, after Armenians approach reconciliation? genocide is raised on the House or Senate floor all, is the selection of those elements of his- Barkan thinks the president has tools that, so every few years. In July, The New Republic reported tory that, in Rosoux’s words, “will be highlighted far, haven’t been employed. Sometimes dialogue that the Turkish government has paid a single in keeping with the objectives being pursued.” between opposing sides has been successful: in lobbying firm $13 million since 2000, in part But this can make for strange bedfellows: Abe 1997, after seven years of meetings between to help defeat these resolutions. That didn’t Foxman, head of the Anti-Defamation League, Czech and German historians, the two countries stop the House Foreign Affairs Committee this made headlines for refusing to acknowledge the signed a document affirming the suffering of October from passing a resolution calling the Armenian genocide, prompting some observers to Czechs during the Nazi occupation and of killings “genocide.” The measure hasn’t yet seen argue that Turkey’s status as Israel’s only Muslim Germans expelled from the country after the war. a floor vote, but Turkey responded by recalling ally trumped Jewish groups’ allegiance to “bearing The goal, Barkan says, is to tackle difficult its ambassador for 11 days. Its head of armed witness” to genocide. history before it becomes an international rela- forces warned in the Turkish media of worsening The valence of history in foreign affairs is tions crisis point. That might mean engaging military relations with the U.S.—on the same day something most American diplomats have so the U.S. Institute of Peace in identifying and that Turkey fired shots across its border with Iraq, far failed to appreciate, says Elazar Barkan, the tracking historical disputes or directly supporting hitting villages in already contentious Kurdistan. director of SIPA’s Human Rights Program and a civil society groups that help counter destructive The arbiter in these situations may be a kind co-founder of the Institute for Historical Justice nationalistic narratives. “The point is to build of realpolitik. When it looked like a resolution and Reconciliation (IHJR), a nonprofit group a constituency that can counter propaganda, recognizing genocide might pass in Congress in that promotes dialogue between historians and to have material that has a different rhetorical 2000, Turkey threatened to cancel military con- officials on opposing sides of historical memo- register that can be used to strengthen conflict tracts worth billions. A year later, when the French ries. “History is not being taught in most policy resolution. That has to be prepared, and it’s a long parliament passed a similar resolution, Turkey schools,” he says. “The IHJR receives a lot of and difficult process.” barred French companies even from bidding on support when people hear about it, but in most such contracts. “Based on the Turks’ reaction cases, it’s a new approach.” Jina Moore (MIA ‘08) is pursuing a dual degree with when the French parliament passed a resolution It’s a blind spot that doesn’t surprise Wang, the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism.

SIPA NEWS 33 inside SIPA

Faculty Profile: José Antonio Ocampo By Matteen Mokalla

fter finishing an important conference call and then a quick call to his wife, SIPA’s “If you cannot explain an Anewest professor of professional practice of economic problem with international and public affairs, the Colombian born economist José Antonio Ocampo, took time words, then you don’t under- out of his busy schedule to sit down for a quick interview with SIPA News. stand the issue . . . A head of Surrounded by walls of books in his spacious 13th floor office, he notes that “these books state won’t understand your aren’t even close to a third of my total library.” Ocampo wants to be clear that he is very happy theorem; the mathematics is that he has returned to academia. “I liked to joke with my friends that it was either Colombia or useless for that purpose.” Columbia.” For the Yale educated economist, his path to SIPA had several notable milestones. Much Ocampo feels that today he comes to the acad- like his other professorial colleagues, Ocampo’s emy with more to offer than just his impressive impressive CV reflects the unique practical experi- academic credentials. “My teaching has definitely ences that SIPA professors often possess. been influenced by my professional experiences.” With stints at Colombia’s Central Bank, Take, for example, his attitude on explaining Ministry of Planning, as well as time spent as economic concepts. Although he loves training Colombia’s minister of finance and public credit, math-oriented students, Ocampo also demands along with his work as chairman of the board of that they be able to explain complex economic Banco Cafetero (Coffee Bank) and Caja de Crédito problems in layman’s terms. “If you cannot explain Agrario, Industrial y Minero (Agrarian Bank) in an economic problem with words, then you don’t Colombia, Ocampo could easily have made his way understand the issue.” And more importantly: “A into the private sector. Instead, he continued his head of state won’t understand your theorem; the career in public service. mathematics is useless for that purpose.” Although he is the author of several acclaimed When not in the classroom or writing books, books and countless academic papers, it was his Ocampo can often be found exchanging ideas with impressive work as United Nations undersecretary- other SIPA faculty, including Acting Dean and general for economic and social affairs that caught Latin America scholar John H. Coatsworth. Thanks the attention of SIPA. to his appointment to the Committee on Global It was in that role that Ocampo, a former Thought, Ocampo has also managed to strike up Cambridge professor and visiting fellow at both an interdisciplinary friendship with the noted phi- Yale and Oxford, tirelessly argued for state respon- losopher and Columbia professor Akeel Bilgrami. sibility to help alleviate the dire conditions of the Happily married and the father of three chil- world’s poor in developing nations. dren, Ocampo is pleased to have the opportunity At SIPA Ocampo has been teaching macroeco- to teach at SIPA, since the school provides an nomic policy and development and has had the opportunity that nearly no other world class univer- opportunity to reach out to future policymakers sity can offer, New York City life. “My wife works who will undoubtedly be charged with finding solu- here and my kids just love it here.” tions to the world’s pressing economic matters. Ocampo tells SIPA News that what immediately Matteen Mokalla (MIA ’08), SIPA News impressed him was the diversity of his students as co-editor, is concentrating in the Middle East. well as their myriad interests: “It’s like the UN of schools,” Ocampo says. “My students at SIPA are interested in many different economic issues, not just Colombian issues.”

34 SIPA NEWS inside SIPA

SIPA Alum Pollock Brings Strategies from the Campaign Trail to the Classroom By Rob Garris

hen Jef 55 talented staffers, has offices in five locations, current employees) as well as successful candi- Pollock and counts among its clients such success- dates such as Edison, N.J., mayor Jun Choi. W(MPA ’97) ful political leaders as presidential candidate In addition, his home life has kept him close was named one of John Edwards, the governors of New York (Eliot to SIPA, too; he lives near Morningside Heights Crain’s New York Spitzer), Iowa (Chet Culver), and West Virginia with his wife Deborah Brown, 4-year-old daughter Business’ “Forty (Joe Manchin), and New York State Attorney Eden, and 1-year-old son Jesse. Despite the Under Forty” in General Andrew Cuomo. Pollock also works with demands on his time in the year before national 2007, he had been numerous members of Congress such as the only elections, he can be seen strolling along the a high profile and two sisters ever elected to the House of Rep- same blocks on Broadway that he frequented influential political resentatives, Loretta and Linda Sanchez (CA), while still a student. consultant for de- Carolyn McCarthy (NY), Kirsten Gillibrand (NY), “SIPA was a wonderful environment in which to cades. As a 12-year-old, he gave a speech to his Iraq veteran Patrick Murphy (PA), John Hall (NY), hone my skills in quantitative methods. But it was local congressman who then said he would read and many others. The combination of skill with also a place to meet people who loved combining it on the floor of Congress. Before he was 18, he data and political savvy has turned Jef into the politics and public policy like me. Having taught had founded a chapter of Young Democrats at his perfect strategy consultant. He can make recom- at SIPA for more than a decade, I can say, without staunchly conservative high school and taken a mendations for his clients and back them up with a doubt, that we have some of the smartest, tal- semester off from school in order to work for Con- hard data and logical arguments. ented, and driven students in the country. And I’m gressman Charles Rangel, who is now a client. Pollock’s work has kept him close to SIPA, proud to be able to help put some of those minds While at SIPA, Pollock helped found a market- where he teaches a course on campaign man- to work electing and consulting to make sure that ing research company, Global Strategy Group, agement—a course he has taught for 11 straight our electoral system is as vibrant as ever.” a business that has now grown into one of the years. He is proud to have been the instructor to country’s leading political and business strategy numerous people who have now entered the politi- Rob Garris is associate dean for External consultancies. Pollock’s firm employs more than cal consulting arena (including many former and Relations and Communications at SIPA.

SIPA Alum Ambassador Siv Joins “Romney for President” Campaign By Nilanjana Pal

mbassador Sichan Siv HIV/AIDS, economic issues, food crises, humani- In addition to his three presidential appoint- (MIA ’81) recently joined tarian disasters, human rights, and refugees. ments, Ambassador Siv has had a distinguished Athe “Romney for Presi- A native of Cambodia, Ambassador Siv escaped career in the private sector, encompassing refugee dent” campaign as the na- forced labor camps in 1976 and was resettled as resettlement and educational exchanges, as well tional chair of “Asian Pacific a refugee in Wallingford, Connecticut. He became as financial management and investment banking. Americans for Mitt.” He will interested in the U.S. political process while He is the author of Golden Bones, which will be also provide Governor Romney watching television coverage of the Democratic published in the spring of 2008. It recounts his with important policy counsel and Republican national conventions in the journey from Cambodia, where he escaped Khmer in the areas of international re- summer of 1976. In 1988, he volunteered for Rouge labor camps, to the White House and the lations, Asian issues and UN reform. Ambassador the Bush campaign to better understand presi- United Nations. Siv has a distinguished career in public service, dential elections. On February 13, 1989, exactly recently serving as the 28th ambassador to the UN 13 years after he began his escape through the Nilanjana Pal (MIA ’08), SIPA News co-editor, Economic and Social Council (2001) and repre- jungles of northwest Cambodia, Ambassador Siv is concentrating in International Security Policy. senting U.S. interests in the UN General Assembly became the first American of Asian ancestry to be and Security Council (2001–2006). In his last appointed a deputy assistant to the president of role, his responsibilities included children, health, the United States, under George H. W. Bush.

SIPA NEWS 35 inside SIPA

SIPA’s New Director of Alumni Relations: Daniela Coleman By Matteen Mokalla and Nilanjana Pal

ow does an institution like SIPA keep world, a laborious task that Coleman has passed 14,000 plus alumni from more than 150 dif- with flying colors. Hferent countries updated on SIPA affairs and She had quite a few challenges to deal with informed of all the SIPA services that alumni are early on. Within only a few months, Coleman has entitled to receive after graduation? First, it can managed to revamp SIPA’s alumni database so put out magazines like SIPA News, and, secondly, that a SIPA alumnus from Zimbabwe can look for it can hire someone like Daniela Coleman to be its a fellow alumnus for travel advice, a job, or even director of alumni relations. a drink, before he travels to Thailand. When news Hailing from Forest Hills, Queens, the native broke that the controversial president of Iran, New Yorker holds degrees from the University of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, was to appear on campus, Virginia in foreign affairs and Italian literature and a Coleman had to listen to the concerns of the SIPA master’s degree in European policy and administra- alumni community both in support of and against tion from the College of Europe based in Belgium. his appearance. Talk about baptism by fire. Coleman, a dual citizen of the United States and Still, Coleman says that she enjoys connecting Italy, was accustomed from an early age to moving with alumni domestically and abroad and hearing effortlessly between the two countries and, with her about their interesting lives and fascinating language skills, fit right in to graduate school in professions. Working to revive the Alumni Directory Europe. It was while studying policymaking in after a break of 12 years and spearheading efforts Bruges, Belgium, that she came to the realization to redesign the online database have given her that she was more American than she had ample time to get to know the post-SIPA life of our previously imagined. Coleman recalls that it was alumni. a unique time to be studying in Europe against A tennis fan and an avid jogger, Coleman hopes the backdrop of the United States’ decision to go to complete the New York City marathon sometime to war in Iraq. in the near future. In the meantime, when she Coleman brings with her a variety of work is not at SIPA, Coleman works as a volunteer for experiences: she has worked in corporate Recording for the Blind & Dyslexic, an organization communications in public affairs, in broadcast- that converts textbooks into audio format to serve ing, and has handled communications for the students who are visually impaired or dyslexic. American Chamber of Commerce to the EU in When the investigative team at SIPA News real- Brussels, prior to making her way to Columbia ly dug deep into Coleman’s past, it found out that in May 2007. Coleman has a continuing passion for community Fluent in French and Italian, Coleman can be theater. Starring in various theatrical productions found from time to time traveling to reconnect with during her lobbyist days in Brussels, Coleman told SIPA alumni in Paris or in DC. A bulk of her work this publication that “it was really fun speaking in does keep her in New York City, though, managing a Southern twang. I miss theater and I can’t wait relationships with our mobile alumni around the to get involved in it again here in New York.”

“Class Notes” now Online

“Class Notes” will be back in print in the spring issue of SIPA News. In the meantime, they are now virtual! To view recent marriage announcements, births, job promotions, moves, etc. of your fellow alumni, please visit the “Alumni Notes” section of the Alumni Directory at www.alumniconnections.com/sipa. Stay connected with more than 14,000 alumni in 153 countries. (If you are having trouble accessing the Class Notes, please contact the Office of Alumni Relations by e-mail at [email protected].)

36 SIPA NEWS inside SIPA

Ralph O. Hellmold Honored with Alumni Medal

IPA alumnus Ralph O. Hellmold, IF ’63, MIA ening development and fund-raising programs. ’64, was among the recipients of Columbia’s Hellmold has mentored students and assisted S2007 Alumni Medals. Each year the Univer- them with career development and placement. sity bestows ten Alumni Medals for diligent work He has demonstrated his personal generosity in on behalf of Alma Mater. The 2007 recipients ways both tangible and intangible, through time, were officially announced at the Commencement financial support, and strategic acumen. Hellmold Ceremony on May 16 and honored at a dinner on has served as both co-chair of the Development November 3 in conjunction with the Columbia Committee and as chair of SIPA’s Annual Fund Alumni Association (CAA) Assembly Leadership and has pioneered many successful initiatives that Conference. continue to benefit the School today. Currently the chairman of Hellmold & Co., Hellmold is the fourth SIPA alumnus/a to be LLC, a financial advisory firm, Ralph Hellmold has awarded the Columbia Alumni Medal since its in- been a member of SIPA’s alumni community for ception, marking a growing tradition of leadership more than 40 years. A dedicated advocate of the and service among SIPA’s alumni. Other awardees School and the University, he has served on SIPA’s include John Grammer (MIA ’63), Susan Gitelson Advisory Board since 1990, significantly strength- (MIA ’66), and Katharine Archibald (MIA ’83).

SIPA’s Alumni Council Launches New Projects

IPA’s 60th anniversary celebrations brought Relations on matching budgetary priorities to the committee to coordinate logistical and consulta- hundreds of alumni back to Morningside goals of the Council. The Alumni Council held its tive support for a daylong event, featuring alumni SHeights. For many of them, it was their first third meeting on November 30, 2007. panels and a reception. time on campus in decades. Lisa Anderson, then Work is well under way on the Council’s The Council has also identified a need to fo- dean, felt that it was essential to build on the projects for the 2007–2008 academic year. The cus on development opportunities for the School renewed energy and enthusiasm of alumni who Council organized a reception to welcome acting and to explore career service projects for alumni. participated in the 60th anniversary celebrations dean John H. Coatsworth, which gave alumni at As Council take shape, the Office of Alumni Rela- and created the Alumni Council. The Council’s large a chance to meet and talk with the new tions will inform alumni of volunteer opportuni- goals are to build and foster relations between the dean. The reception, held on September 25, ties. It is hoped that alumni who volunteer on School and its alumni, to promote active alumni 2007, at the Columbia Club, was attended by Council projects will be appointed to the Council involvement and financial support, to encourage more than 200 SIPA alumni. as current members step down. Moreover, alumni interaction among alumni, and to promote recogni- The Council also has a leadership role in the who wish to suggest additional events or areas tion of SIPA as a leading school of global public upcoming 30th anniversary celebration of the of interest should e-mail SIPA’s Office of Alumni policy. The inaugural meeting of the SIPA Alumni MPA degree program, scheduled for February Relations at [email protected]. Council was held on June 19, 2007. 16, 2008. Council members Aaron Graham and Under the chairmanship of Roger Baumann John McGrath, working with the SIPA student as- (MIA ’85), the Council is serving in an advisory sociation presidents, have formed a core planning capacity for the dean of the School and assisting in prioritizing the needs of the entire SIPA alumni community. Other council members include Kirsten Frivold (EMPA ’03), Aaron Graham (MPA MPA 30th Anniversary Celebration ’04), John Grammer (MIA ’63), Allison Cooke A 30th anniversary celebration of the creation of the MPA degree program will be held on Saturday, Kellogg (IF ’72, MIA ’73), John McGrath (MIA February 16, 2008, at Columbia University. The daylong event for SIPA alumni will feature faculty ’80), Martin Petrella (PEPM ’04), Bill Rigler and alumni panel discussions, followed by a reception with a keynote speaker. Print invitations were (MIA ’04), and Basil Smikle Jr. (MPA ’96). At the September 25 meeting, Bill Rigler was named sent to alumni in early December. For the most up-to-date information on the event, including regis- treasurer of the Council for the 2008–2009 aca- tration, please visit our Alumni News and Events Webpage at www.sipa.columbia.edu/mpa30/. demic year and will advise the Office of Alumni

SIPA NEWS 37 inside SIPA

Staying in Touch with Alumni: SIPA’s New Print and Online Directories By Daniela Coleman

IPA alumni serve as an invaluable resource customized for SIPA and synchronized with the School will also be launching a new SIPA Alumni for each other, for currently enrolled stu- University-wide online directory. It consists of Print Directory in February 2008. The volume Sdents, and for the faculty of the School, more than 14,000 SIPA graduates living in 153 promises to be a comprehensive reference work, providing a wealth of knowledge and expertise in countries around the world. Alumni searching this bound into a classic, library-quality edition. SIPA their respective fields. Finding out where they are database will be able to access information about is also working with Harris Connect to produce the or what they have been up to after graduation is fellow graduates who have agreed to share their complete and up-to-date volume for the School’s not always easy, since they pursue such remark- information. The system also has new features, al- 14,000 alumni worldwide. The directory will be ably mobile careers. lowing alumni to post photographs, submit online sorted into four easy-to-use sections. To make As part of its efforts to improve relations with class notes (see the article on “‘Class Notes’ Now networking with other alumni easy, it will include alumni, the SIPA Office of Alumni Relations has Online” on p. 36), and join focused alumni dis- residence and business information, as well as undertaken two major projects for the 2007–2008 cussion groups arranged by cities, SIPA programs, e-mail addresses. academic year: the launch of a new online interac- and concentrations. Alumni will also be able to If you would like to order your copy of the print tive database and the production of a SIPA Alumni update their current directory listings (including directory, please call Harris Connect directly (EST) Print Directory. both contact and professional information), as at 1-800-877-6554 (domestic callers) or send an After a yearlong preparation process, the well as search for and contact colleagues around e-mail to [email protected]. new improved online Global Connection Alumni the world. If you have not had a chance to explore Directory was launched in September. Partnering the new online directory, please visit it at www. Daniela Coleman is director of Alumni with Harris Connect, a leading alumni directory alumniconnections.com/sipa. Relations at SIPA. publisher, the enhanced online database has been In conjunction with the online directory, the

SIPA Alumni Groups Get Active!

IPA alumni domestically and around the July 20, thanks to the organizing efforts of Cap- SIPA alumni, working with the Columbia Club world have been busy this year reconnecting. tain Dan McSweeney (MIA ’07), graduates from of London, organized a book launch on November SIn New York City, more than 200 SIPA alumni Columbia University, including SIPA alumni, met 19 for SIPA alumna (and New York-London resi- met with acting dean John H. Coatsworth at a for lunch at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad to share dent) Dr. Isabelle Rohr for her book The Spanish welcome reception on September 25. Happy Hour their experiences in Iraq. Right and the Jews, 1898–1945: Antisemitism events were held for NYC SIPA alumni on June 20, On September 27, SIPA alumni in Mexico and Opportunism. SIPA alumni in the London area October 18, and December 6. On October 9, SIPA City met over breakfast with Dr. Georgina Kessel, are encouraged to contact the Columbia Club of professor Richard Robb discussed “Understand- Mexico’s secretary of energy, to discuss the energy London for a list of SIPA-based events at https:// ing the Credit Crisis” with alumni at the Colum- sector in Mexico. alumniclubs.columbia.edu/london/index.php. bia Club. The NYC ISP Network held a dinner As part of the Columbia Alumni Association’s Alumni can also stay in touch with each other discussion on October 16 with James D. Schmitt, European presence, a three-day event was held in virtually. As part of the new SIPA online database, senior vice president of strategic development at Paris beginning on September 28. The activities alumni are encouraged to join discussion and chat ArmorGroup. included a private reception for more than 100 groups to stay informed of events in their areas. Alumni in Washington, D.C., have also been registered SIPA alumni at the Institut du Monde (Please visit the Web site at www.alumniconnec- busy with their own share of Happy Hour events Arabe, thanks to the organizing efforts of Christo- tions.com/sipa and click on discussion groups.) this past year (June 27, September 26, and pher Mesnooh (MIA ’86). Professor Rodolfo de la If you are planning a SIPA event in your area, December 19). Moreover, no SIPA alumni reunion Garza represented the School at the well-attended let Alumni Relations know about it. Send us a note in DC could be complete without a visit to the event, along with Nicholas B. Dirks, vice president at [email protected] or post a note on www. White House (September 8), where more than 40 for arts and sciences. (For more information on alumniconnections.com/sipa. SIPA alumni gathered. events in Paris, please visit http://alumniclubs. SIPA alumni abroad have also been active. On columbia.edu/france/index.php.)

38 SIPA NEWS Donor List SIPA

Donor List FY 07

Listed below are the more than 1,500 individuals and organizations who contributed $5,000–$9,999 Maureen R. Berman, MIA ’73 to SIPA and the Regional Institutes between July 1, 2006, and June 30, 2007. Charles Smith Adams Jr., MIA II ’83 and Robin L. Berry, MIA ’78 Georgia Serevetas Adams, MIA ’83 Joan Copithorne Bowen, MIA ’67 “CERT” followed by year = graduate with certificate from a Regional Institute American International Group, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Bradford “IF” ” followed by year = graduate from International Fellows Program Serge Bellanger/Credit Industriel et Daniel & Estrellita Brodsky “MIA” ” followed by year = graduate with a Master in International Affairs Commercial Eric David Cantor, MIA ’05 “MPA” ” followed by year = graduate with a Master in Public Administration Bernard & Irene Schwartz Foundation, Inc. Linda K. Carlisle, MPA ’81 The Blakemore Foundation Robert Meade Chilstrom, MIA ’69, Kim Christopher Bradley, MIA ’83 CERT ’73 Marcia Beth Burkey, MIA ’88 Leo M.F. Chirovsky $1,000,000 and above Shevchenko Scientific Society, Inc. Pamela Hawkins Casaudoumecq, Christie’s Foundation for the Center for Energy Elizabeth K. Valkenier, CERT ’51 MIA ’89 Richard Wayne Coffman, CERT ’84 James, MIA ’77, and Sandra, MIA ’76‚ Sydney J. Coleman Maureen A. Cogan Leitner $10,000–$24,999 FWA of New York Educational Fund Stephen F. Cohen, CERT ’69/The JKW Wilder K. Abbott, MIA ’61 Susie Gharib, MIA ’74 /Nazem Family Foundation $250,000–$999,000 Amy Levine Abrams, MIA ’81/Amy and Foundation Peter D. Ehrenhaft, MIA ’57/Sanford C. Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc. David Abrams Foundation Goldman, Sachs & Company Bernstein & Co. LLC Alan B. Slifka Foundation, Inc. Icahn Charitable Foundation R. Anthony Elson, IF ’64, MIA ’65 $100,000–$249,999 Alavi Foundation Barclays Bank of New York, PLC Kashiyo C. Enokido, MIA ’78 Laszlo Z. Bito Roger R. Baumann, IF ’84, MIA ’85 The Leonard & Evelyn Lauder Mehdi Fakharzadeh Patricia M. Cloherty, MIA ’68 Blinken Foundation, Inc. Foundation Ivy Lindstrom Fredericks, MIA ’98 The Ford Foundation Bolsa De Mercadorias & Futuros—BM&F Dennis Y. Loh Laurence Todd Freed, MIA ’94 The Freeman Foundation George Hollendorfer, MIA ’01/CIBC Moody’s Foundation Roy Furman The German Marshall Fund of the U.S. World Markets Corporation Steve Radakovich Zev Furst, MIA ’91/The Furst Foundation, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Citigroup Inc. William Rayner Inc. W. K. Kellogg Foundation Consulate General, Republic of Poland Samuel R. Sharp, MPA ’99 Robert Garrett The Henry Luce Foundation, Inc. Credit Suisse First Boston LLC Joan and C. Michael Spero Susan Aurelia Gitelson, MIA ’66 Pierre Omidyar/Peninsula Community David Cameron Cuthell Jr., MIA ’90 Marianne Spiegel Global Impact Foundation Juan Navarro/Exxel Group Inc. Joel D. Tauber Anthony C. Gooch, MIA ’05 Polish & Slavic Federal Credit Union ExxonMobil Foundation UBS Warburg AG Erin S Gore, MPA ’97 Smith Richardson Foundation, Inc. Ken Hakuta Weatherhead Foundation Joseph E. Gore Arnold Saltzman/Saltzman James Harmon/The Harmon Foundation Melinda Wolfe John A. Grammer Jr., MIA ’63 Foundation, Inc. The Hauser Foundation, Inc. Edgar C. Harrell, CERT ’72 Toyota Motor Corporation HSBC Bank USA $2,500–$4,999 Hon. John G. Heimann Institute of International Education Dean Lisa S. Anderson, CERT ’76 Peter Alexander Hofmann, MIA ’86/ $50,000–$99,999 IBM International Foundation Timothy Leboutillier Bishop, MIA ’94 United Way of the Capital Area, Inc. Belfast Unemployed Resources Centre International Women’s Health Coalition Carolyn M. Buck-Luce/Ernst & Young Donald Loyd Holley, Esq., MIA ’59 John Birkelund/The Birkelund Fund Anuradha T. Jayanti Foundation Douglas R. Hunter, MIA ’73 The Dietrich W. Botstiber Foundation James E. Jordan, MIA ’71 Carnegie Corporation of New York James S. Marcus Foundation Carnegie Corporation of New York John L. Vogelstein Charitable Trust Amy Blagg Chao, MIA ’99 Deborah Lee James, MIA’81 Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation Sidney & Robert Katzman Foundation Christian Deseglise, MIA ’90 John Loeb Jr. Foundation Akbar Ghahary The Korea Foundation John William Dickey, MIA ’92 Elizabeth Karageorgevic Jay L. Mortimer/Mary W. Harriman The Kosciuszko Foundation, Inc. Ernst & Young Foundation George S. Kaufman Foundation Dominique Levy/L & M Arts, LLC Kathryn Wasserman Davis/Foundation Lindenbaum Family Charitable Trust A. Michael Hoffman, IF ’69, MIA ’73 Peter Neill Marber, MIA ’87 for the Study of National Civic and Alex Machaskee Ploughshares Fund McLaughlin Family Foundation International Affairs Eric Rogan Mason, MIA ’95 Ukrainian Studies Fund, Inc. Christopher J. Mesnooh, Esq., MIA ’86 Andrew Gray Merrill Lynch & Co. Foundation, Inc. Lionel Pincus/The Wooden Nickel David B. Ottaway, IF ’63 William Weirong Jin, MIA ’93 David C. Miller Jr. Foundation Polish Army Veterans Association Lila J. Kalinich, MD Mahnaz Moinian John H. Porter, MIA ’83, CERT ’83 Claudette M. Mayer, MIA’76, IF’76 Gert Wilhelm Munthe, MIA ’90 $25,000–$49,999 Julie Lynn Rasmussen, MIA ’90, IF ’90 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP John D. and Alexandra C. Nichols Nina Ansary Maurice R. Samuels, MIA ’83 Marc Tabah, MIA ’87 Mark David O’Keefe, MIA ’95 Amb. Donald M. Blinken Saudi Arabian Oil Company Targoff Family Foundation Scott Alan Otteman, MIA ’89/Lawrence Bridgeway Charitable Foundation 1199 SEIU United Healthcare UBS M. Gelb Foundation, Inc. The Debs Foundation The Shelley & Donald Rubin Fdn., Inc. Alexander Mark Gorup, MD/Unity Jon S. Pearl, MD Ralph O. Hellmold, IF ’63, MIA ’64 Gen. Brent Scowcroft, PhD (Ret.) Healthcare, LLC Louis Polk/Lion’s Pride Foundation Zachary Eli Karabell Malcolm J. Stewart, IF ’78, MIA ’79 The Whitehead Foundation, Inc. Ernie Pomerantz John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur The Isdell Foundation Peter Powers Pulkkinen, MIA ’04 Foundation Paul Wayne Thurman $1,000–$2,499 Milan Puskar Stiftung Open Society Institute ZUG Paul E. Tierney Jr./The Tierney Family Betty W. Adams, MPA ’04 Clyde E. Rankin III, Esq., IF ’74 Arthur Ross Foundation, Inc. Foundation Inc. Anonymous Harland A. Riker Jr. Jeffrey Schmidt, IF ’79, CERT ’79/Jeffrey Michael Tusiani/Poten & Partners, Inc. Bank of America Foundation Sheila Robbins/Fidelity Charitable Gift L. Schmidt Fellowship The Tinker Foundation Inc. Arlene Renee Barilec, MIA ’84 Fund James D. Seymour, CERT ’61 Lan Yang, MIA ’96 Rasta Behrang, MIA ’06 Daniel & Joanna S. Rose Fund, Inc.

SIPA NEWS 39 Donor List SIPA

Matthew Goldstein/Research Foundation Hajime Takeuchi, MIA ’91 of CUNY Tiffany & Company Radmila Gorup Miroslav M. Todorovich William W. Gridley Violet Todorovich Peter L. Harnik, MIA ’75 TSM Global Consultants LLC Neal H. Harwood, MIA ’61 Wachovia Foundation Gale Hayman Desa Tomasevic Wakeman Darlene Anderson Howell, MIA ’85 John Waterbury Eva Cristina Jedruch Byung-Kon Yoo, MIA ’92 Horace P. Jen, MIA ’93, CERT ’93 Michael J. Zagurek Jr., MIA ’79 Suzanne Nora & David G. Johnson Foundation $250–$499 Andrea Lynn Johnson, MIA ’89 Saman K. Adamiyatt, MIA ’81, CERT ’83 Ben O. Jone, MIA ’67 Alex Aleksich Robert K. Kaplan, MIA ’83 Isabelle Jacqueline Aussourd, MIA ’02 Elizabeth Lynn Katkin, Esq., MIA ’92, Suzana Bacvanovic IF ’92 Branislava Balac Kekst & Company, Inc. Helen Delich Bentley Joachim W. Kratz, MIA ’58 Salwa Berberi, MIA ’86 Veljko Kustrov M. Vladimir Bibic L.O. G. LLC Melanie June Bixby, MIA ’91 Jens Ingolf Landwehr, MIA ’99 Thomas H. Boast, MIA ’72 Isabelle Leeds The Brzezinski Family Foundation Laurence C. Leeds Jr. Allen L. Byrum, MIA ’72 Noel Levine Michael A. Cairl, IF ’77, MIA ’78 Jirawat Sophon Lewprasert, MIA ’84 Joan O. Camins, IF ’73 Dallas D. Lloyd, MIA ’58 Melinda Paige Canno-Velez Wendy Anne Lofgren, MIA ’97 Mary W. Carpenter, MIA ’51 Argelio A. Maldonado, IF ’72/Schwab Michael Tatu Castlen, MPA ’93 Fund for Charitable Giving Shoma Chatterjee, MIA ’01 Laura Losciale Malha, MIA ’00 Adam Cherson, MPA ’06 Lisa Minda Markowitz, MIA ’88, CERT ’88 Dale Christensen Jr., MIA ’71 Dobrosav Matiasevic Anna M. Cienciala Bruce McNamer Matthew Robert Claeson, MIA ’01 Sherwood G. Moe, MIA ’48 Ellen Miriam Cohen, MPA ’03 Jonathan R. Moller Glenn L. Colville, MIA ’75 Samina Muhith, MIA ’97 Consulate General of the Republic of Mary A.H. Rumsey Foundation Patrick Kenehan Archambault, MIA ’99 Catherine Mulder, MIA ’81 Serbia Tadeusz Rybkiewicz Iris R. Argento, CERT ’67 Noboru Nakajima, MIA ’00 Chancellor John J. Costonis, IF ’64 Vuslat Sabanci, MIA ’96 Srdan Babovic Matthew Nimetz Douglas S. Cramer Jr. Joseph E. & Norma G. Saul Foundation Inc. Donald P. Banas Gordana V. Novakovic James W. Crystal Kirk P. Schubert, MIA ’82 Jillian Barron, Esq., MIA ’88 Milica Obradovic, MIA ’07, CERT ’07 Alexander M. Dake, MIA ’86 Charles Schwab Corporation Foundation The Bernhill Fund/Catherine Cahill Jennifer Hirsh Overton, MPA ’93 Marc P. Desautels, MIA ’66 Karen Scowcroft, Esq., MIA ’84, IF ’84 Bialkin Family Foundation, Inc. Pamela Pantzer Deutsche Bank Americas Foundation Thomas H. Shrager, MIA ’84 Kenneth Lawrence Blacklow, MPA ’93 Carol Jean Patterson, MIA ’76, CERT ’76 Marcelo Gabriel Di Rosa, MIA ’89 Daniel Stephen Simon Patrick Francis Bohan Ann S. Phillips Michael DiGrappa, MPA ’86 Christopher William Smart, CERT ’89 Milica Zankovic Bookman Joseph Edmund Pigott, MIA ’91 Hon. David N. Dinkins Elizabeth Stern, MIA ’89 David C. Chaffetz, MIA ’80, IF ’80 Polish Student Organization of New York Goran M. Djuknic Emanuel Stern, MPA ’90 Yung-Woo Chun, MIA ’94, IF ’94 Henrietta B. Pons, MIA ’64 Maria C. Perunic Djurasovic Matthew M. Stevenson, MIA ’78, IF ’78 Joanna A. Clark Marilyn Popovich Milenko Djurasovic Tammy S. Fine, MPA ’94/Delaware Ivana Cvejic Dushica Babich Protic Maja Dragic, Esq. Community Foundation Mirela Djordjevic Pulaski Association Charles F. Dunbar, MIA ’61 Barbara Tober Dow Jones & Company, Inc. John H. A. Quitter, IF ’67 Thomas John Durkin, MIA ’87, CERT ’87 Mana Nabeshima Tokoi, MIA ’91 The Eberstadt-Kuffner Fund, Inc. Marjorie Ann Ransom, CERT ’62 Lili-An Elkins, MPA ’94 The Tokyo Foundation Richard Fabricant, Esq. Peter M. Robinson, MIA ’79, IF ’79 Wilson P. Favre-Delerue, MIA ’05 David James Tsui, MPA ’01 Alexander P. Federbush Elizabeth Rothkopf, MIA ’99/Jewish Aurelius Fernandez, MIA ’59 Yuko Usami, MIA ’77 Robert Mark Finkel, MIA ’88 Community Federation of Cleveland Maria Perich Filler James C. Veneau, MIA ’96 Louise R. Firestone, MIA ’79 Robert B. Roven, MD Maria A. Fisher, MIA ’81 Jeanette S. Wagner Stephen J. Friedman Daiji Sadamori, MIA ’74, CERT ’76 Larry S. Gage, Esq., IF ’71 Zofia J. Werchun Grace Frisone, MIA ’76 George David Schwab/Fidelity Charitable Pamela Susan Garrud, MIA ’83 Clifton R. Wharton Jr. Kirsten Alysum Frivold, MPA ’03 Gift Fund Frances X. Gates Frank C. Wong, MIA ’82 Maiya K. Furgason, MIA ’95 Franz W. Sichel Foundation Brian Houng Gee, MIA ’04 Jerry Chan Yoon, MIA ’01 Amb. Ibrahim A. Gambari Henrietta Haultain Sherwin, MIA ’88 Sol Glasner, MIA ’76, CERT ’76 Arthur M. Yoshinami, MIA ’80 Eric Michael Garcetti, MIA ’95/The Roth Vera L. Silverman Esther Goldsmith, MIA ’96 Family Foundation Petar Simic Milena Gomez $500–$999 Bruce Gelb, MD Edward Byron Smith Jr., MIA ’70 Toni K. Goodale Austin Chinegwu Amalu, MIA ’81 Gary W. Glick, CERT ’72 Christian R. Sonne, MIA ’62, CERT ’62 John M. Gorup Mary M. Angelini, MIA ’00 Michael Alan Goldstein, MIA ’84 Paul & Daisy Soros Foundation Allan I. Grafman/Allmedia Ventures, Inc.

40 SIPA NEWS Donor List SIPA

Maureen-Elizabeth Hagen, MA, MIA ’83, John M. Reid, MIA ’64 Elena M. Alvarez, MPA ’84 Genevieve R. Besser, MIA ’86 CERT ’83 Robert D. Reischauer, MIA ’66 Veronica Lucia Alvarez, MPA ’07 Wendy Lee Kutlow Best, MPA ’87 Bruce Kirkwood Harris, MIA ’92 Jeremy Neal Reiskin, MIA ’87 Tatiana Alves, MIA ’06 Maria Luisa Betancur, MIA ’07 Miguel Angel Hernandez, MIA ’01 Rietveld Architects LLP Eleonora V. Ambrosetti, MIA ’79 Richard K. Betts Timothy K. Hnateyko Galen B. Ritchie, IF ’61 Kristin E. Anderson, MPA ’04 Cynthia Haupt Betz Donna R. Hochberger Liz Robbins Col. Michael Patrick Anderson, MIA ’89 Jennifer Anne Beubis, MIA ’95 Irena Melania Holiat Susan Rockefeller, MPA ’98/MGS & RRS Amir A. Angha Pieter Anton Bierkens, MIA ’92 William G. Hu, MIA ’85 Charitable Trust John C. Angle, PhD, IF ’69 Peter James Biesada, MIA ’86 Constance L. Hunter, MIA ’94 William A. Root, MIA ’48, CERT ’48 Kelly Reynolds Annarella, MIA ’92 Carmen Binder, MIA ’01 Edward Van K. Jaycox, MIA ’64, CERT ’64 Susan A. S. Rosthal, MIA ’71 Toshihide Aotake, MPA ’07 Alison A. Binkowski Susan John, MIA ’92 Salvatore V. Sampino, MIA ’83 Maria Eugenia Apergis, MIA ’07 David Lawrence Birnbaum, MIA ’98 Allison C. Kellogg, IF ’72, MIA ’73 Christine E. Samurovich Bethany Allyson Aquilina Vlado Bjelopetrovich Jessie McClintock Kelly, MIA ’07 Ernst J. Schrader, MIA ’65 Spiridon Ardavanis, MIA ’07 Kenneth Herbert Blackman, MIA ’00 Mona T. Khalidi Prof. Harold B. Segel Olavi Arens, CERT ’69 BlackRock, Inc. Dale Knezevich/Pacific Ridge Martin M. Selak Philip S. Arnold, IF ’65 Joseph Abraham Blady, MIA ’03 Medical, Inc. Mervyn W. Adams Seldon, CERT ’64 Madhu Aryal, MPA ’05 John Langdon Blakeney, MIA ’06 Branka Koljenshich-Rifai Barnet Sherman, MPA ’82 Sarah S. Ashton, MIA ’93 David Samuel Blakeslee Dushan Kosovich, MD, PC Ida Sinkevic Mulan De Quetteville Ashwin, MIA ’93 Cole Blasier, CERT ’50 Carlo Luigi Kostka, IF ’83, MIA ’84 Richard Quentin Slinn III, MIA ’91 Elizabeth Athey, MIA ’71 Kevin Peter Block, MIA ’91 Miodrag Kukrika, MD Jan Solomon, CERT ’75 Patrick Sylvestre Augustin, MPA ’07 Lisa Zucrow Block, MPA ’81 Andre D. Lehmann, MIA ’73, CERT ’73 Charles H. Srodes, MD, IF ’65 Paul Francis Augustine, MPA ’05 Julius R. Blocker, MIA ’56 John D. Long, CERT ’79 Stephen Stempler Donald E. Austin, Esq. Eron Gilbert Bloomgarden, MPA ’04 Ralph Luna Bosiljka Stevanovic Elena Avesani, MIA ’07 Tammy Sue Blossom, MPA ’96 Carolyn Jane Luxemburg, Esq., MIA ’93 Militza Stevanovic, MD Sika Awoonor, MIA ’99 Cristina E. Boado Charles F. MacCormack, IF ’64, MIA ’65 Stuart M. Johnson Foundation Pamela Maria Ayuso, MIA ’07 Lylyana Jelka Bogdanovich, MPA ’07 Mirjana Majstorovic K. Raina Stuart, MIA ’73 Janny Bae, MIA ’01 Holly Bernson Bogin, MIA ’88 Sonia P. Maltezou, MIA ’70 Tara Jayne Sullivan, MPA ’86 Abhinav Bahl Carolyn B. Boldiston, MPA ’89 Ann E. March, MIA ’99 George Swierbutowicz Kristi K. Bahrenburg, MIA ’93, CERT ’93 Theodore Francis Bongiovanni III, Raul Kazimierz Martynek, MIA ’93 Yuriko Tada, MIA ’95 Joseph R. Balach MPA ’03 Robert Thomas Maruca Jr., MPA ’96 Tirajeh Tehranchian Leonard J. Baldyga, MIA ’62 Andrea R. Bonime-Blanc, CERT ’81, IF ’84 John B. McGrath, MIA ’80, IF ’80, Demetrios Tzoannos Shai Bandner Caroline Aurore Bookhout, MIA ’98 CERT ’81 Ralph W. Usinger, MIA ’73 Lauralea Ellen Banks Sara Elise Borden, MPA ’95 Nina Elise McLemore Joseph L. Vidich, MIA ’80 Stephen J. Banta, MIA ’76 Stanley P. Borowiec Stephen Carlos Mercado, MIA ’88, Alexander P. Vucelic David Seth Baran, MIA ’87 David Weldon Boswell, MPA ’07 CERT ’88 Wells Fargo Foundation M. Zdzislaw Baran Pierre Bournaki, MIA ’86 Oscar Meshkati/Sina Printing, Inc. Xenia V. Wilkinson Adam M. Barcan, MIA ’07 Dwight A. Bowler, MIA ’79 MetLife Foundation Juliet Wurr, MIA ’89, IF ’89 Christoph Barchewitz, MPA ’07 W. Donald Bowles, CERT ’52 Jeffrey Peter Metzler, MPA ’99 Milo Yelesiyevich Elissa Goldman Bard, MPA ’96 Paul D. Boyd, IF ’63 Andrew J. Meyers, MIA ’87/AJ Advisers Rachel Yona Zenner, MPA ’98 William B. Barfield, Esq., IF ’66 Aurelien Antoine Boyer, MIA ’07 LLC Nicholas Adam Barnard, MIA ’04 Milosh S. Bozanich John S. Micgiel, MIA ’77 $1–$249 Aimee Elise Keli’i Barnes, MPA ’07 Michael C. Brainerd, CERT ’68 Microsoft Corporation Pamela Aall, MIA ’77, CERT ’77 Wayne M. Barnstone, MIA ’79 Franka Barbara Braun Zorka Milich Colin Jeffrey Aaron, MIA ’84 Desiree A. Baron Alessandra Bravi Nenad Milinkovic Lia Abady, MIA ’01 Laurie D. Barrueta, MIA ’94 Marc Brillon, MIA ’85, IF ’85 David W. Miller Katherine Metres Abbadi, MIA ’97, IF ’97 Christopher William Barry, MIA ’99 Wanda Brodzka, MD Mark Christopher Miller, MIA ’91 Berdine I. Abler, MIA ’76 Sylvester T. Barwinski Jon T. Brooks, IF ’79 Marilyn Mitchell, PhD Kaori Adachi, MIA ’99 Rukiye Zeynep Basak, MPA ’05 Donald P. Brown MJA Asset Management LLC Maria Marcos Adler, MIA ’01 Kate Alyssa Bashford Judith Meyers Brown, IF ’71 David W. Munves, MIA ’80, IF ’80 William J. Adler Jr., MIA ’80 Caroline Baudinet-Stumpf, MIA ’96, IF ’96 June Blanchard Brown, MIA ’72 Stephen R. Nelson Jo Anne Chernev Adlerstein, Esq., IF ’75 Paul Bauer, MIA ’96 Karen H. Brown, MIA ’85 Djordje S. Nesic Danica Adzemovic Samuel Martin Baumann, MIA ’07 Keith Dawayne Brown, MIA ’89 Mila L. Nolan Gordana Adzic Matthais Georg Baumberger, MIA ’05 Thomas F. Brown, IF ’65 Thomas F. O’Connor Jr., MIA ’76 Shruti Aggarwal, MPA ’06 Kevin Alan Baumert, MIA ’98 Cecile R. Brunswick, MIA ’54 Mary Agnes O’Donnell, MIA ’95 Christiana H. Aguiar, MIA ’89 Walter J. Bayer II, Esq., MIA ’67 Gabrielle S. Brussel, MIA ’88 Avo Erik Ora, MIA ’98, IF ’98 Sue Aimee Aguilar Edward J. Bayone, MIA ’79 Richard F. Brzozowski Ruth G. Ornelas, IF ’80, MIA ’81 Patricia Marie Aguilo, MPA ’07 Charlotte L. Beahan, CERT ’69 Marisa J. Buchanan, MPA ’07 Enrique Ortega, MPA ’06 Hyun Jung Ahn Edmund Beard, MIA ’68 Carol Holmes Buck, MIA ’69, CERT ’69/ Pacific Fruit, Inc. Ming Ai Alison Anne Bedula, MIA ’86 Xenna Corporation Richard B. Palmer, MIA ’55 Hatice Akkaya Karayol Kenton H. Beerman, MIA ’05 Beverley Jeanine Buford, MPA ’86 Permanent Mission of Serbia to the David E. Albright, CERT ’71 Paul Graham Beers, MIA ’83 Sonia Virginie Bujas, MIA ’92, CERT ’92 United Nations William W. Alfeld, MIA ’51 Julie A. Beglin, MPA ’97 Kalyani Rammohan Bulfer, MPA ’07 Eden Prather Perry, MIA ’01 Patrice L. Allen-Gifford, MIA ’81 Shirley S. Behar Katherine A. Bullinger Koops, MIA ’94 M. Vlada Petric Toni Sharisse Allen-Osbourne, MPA ’05 Eldar Beisimbekov Wisit Bunyaritthipong Rick E. Pierchalski Erasto B. Almeida Jr., MIA ’06 Nancy Hays Bendiner, IF ’72 Gordon Marshall Burck, MIA ’86/EAI Jefrey Ian Pollock, MPA ’97 Andrew E. Alpine, Esq., MIA ’68 Yvette E. Benedek, MIA ’81 Corporation Milos Prica Robert J. Alpino, MIA ’85 Joshua Howat Berger, MIA ’07 Marcia M. Burdette, CERT ’71 Milovan T. Rakic Stephen Altheim, IF ’69 Chris Bernhardt Paul H. Byers, IF ’67 David C. Ralph, MIA ’67 Isabel Alvarez Norma, MPA ’07 Thomas Paul Bernstein, CERT ’66 Cyrus C. Cady

SIPA NEWS 41 Donor List SIPA

Gerald A. Cady, MIA ’76 Constellation Energy Group Christianna Casey Dove, MIA ’06 Hugh Corning Fraser, MPA ’95/ Kristen Klemme Cady-Sawyer, MPA ’06 Foundation, Inc. Anne J. Dowd, MIA ’82, IF ’82 Community Foundation of Greater Joanne T. Caha, CERT ’78 Consulate General of Serbia and Christine Marian Doyle, MIA ’92 Memphis Hollis Ottilia Calhoun, MPA ’07 Montenegro Ruth I. Dreessen, MIA ’80 April L. Frederick, MIA ’07 Lee A. Calhoun, MPA ’07 Daniel Aaron Cook, MIA ’06 Christin Marie Driscoll, MPA ’92 Lossie M. Freeman Scott Stewart Cameron Richard Cooper, Esq., IF ’85 Bruce H. Drossman, MIA ’82, IF ’82, Scarlett Lopez Freeman Hannah K. R. Campbell, MPA ’05 Jane Corbett, MPA ’93 CERT ’82 Amy Esther Friedman, MIA ’92 Robin C. Campbell, Esq., IF ’76 Daniel Joseph Costello, MPA ’01 Grant M. Duers Abigail Crosbie Frost, MIA ’07 Capt. Jeffrey L. Canfield, MIA ’82, Steven Roy Costner, MIA ’88 Tonina Dumic Bartley R. Frueh, MD, IF ’63 CERT ’82 JoAnn T. Crawford Cecilia Elizabeth Dunn, MPA ’93 Bruno B. Frydman, MIA ’80 Janet Canver Helen Cregger, MPA ’92 Hilary Dunst, MIA ’93 Kathryn Lynne Furano, MPA ’90 Michael Mustafa Carim, MPA ’07 Erich Cripton Maxim Manuel Duprat, MIA ’98 Richard Albert Fye, MPA ’03 Stephen D. Carls Robert S. Critchell, III, MIA ’70 Noor-un-nisa Durrani Shannon L. Gaffney Victor Caroddo Carroll Michelle Cryer, MIA ’97 Edward K. Dzielenski Ryszard Gajewski Donald L. Carpenter, CERT ’54 Mark D. Cupkovic Michael Ignaz Eberstadt, MPA ’98 Jacoba J.M. Galazka Jacqueline Joann Carpenter Karen J. Curtin, MIA ’78, IF ’78 Joanne Edgar, MIA ’68 Colleen D. Galbraith Wenndy Carrasco Brooke Dufresne Cutler Roberta M. Edge, MPA ’79 Maria Salome Galib-Bras, Esq., MIA ’88, Valenice Castronovo, MIA ’80 Alicja Czaplinski Edison International CERT ’88 Nancy G. Cattell, CERT ’49 Stanley J. Czerwinski Edit Ltd. Michael William Galligan, Esq., IF ’83, Jorge Alberto Cervantes Andrian Roman Dacy, CERT ’94, MIA ’95 Judith Ann Edstrom, MIA ’72, IF ’72 MIA ’84 John A. Cetner, MD Theodore Albert D’Afflisio, MIA ’71 Steven Jeffrey Ehrlich Sridhar Ganesan, MIA ’96 Gustavo Cerello Chacra, MIA ’07 Leanna Ali Dakik, MPA ’07 John Ehrman, MIA ’83 Asif Iqbal E. Gangat Donald Chahbazpour, MPA ’00 Rajiv Pankaj Dalal, MIA ’06 Douglas J. Eisenfelder, IF ’63 Sharmeen Gangat Mario A. Chamorro, MIA ’07 Sandeep Dalal, MIA ’91 Adaku Ugonma Ejiogu, MPA ’06 Gannett Foundation, Inc. Emily Chan, MPA ’07 Laura Jean Damask, MPA ’83 Isaac Manfred Elfstrom, MIA ’07 Agatha Ann Garcia-Wright, MPA ’89 Hai-Chiao Chang, MPA ’07 Karl I. Danga, IF ’71, MIA ’72 Tayeb Yehya El-Hibri Vera V. Garczynski Charalambos Leonidas Charalambides, Jadwiga I. Daniec Leo Michael Elison, CERT ’51 Shelly Louise Gardeniers, MIA ’96 MPA ’07 Lucas Dansie Sari J. Ellovich, MIA ‘75 C. Robert Garris Carlyle Nixon Chaudruc, MIA ’98 Probal DasGupta, MIA ’07 Mayada El-Zoghbi, MIA ‘94, CERT ‘94 Tamara R. Garrison, MPA ’03 Peter Chelkowski Philippe Dauba-Pantanacce, MIA ’07 Chinonso Tochukwu Emehelu Toby Trister Gati, CERT ’70, MIA ’72 Winifred Debbie Chen, MPA ’07 Joel Davidow, Esq., IF ’63 Rida Eng, MIA ‘00 Stephen Bernt Gaull, MIA ’88, CERT ’88 Debra S. Cheng, MIA ’91 Thomas Philip Davis, MPA ’85 Dayna English Joseph G. Gavin III, MIA ’70 Ada Chirapaisarnkul, MIA ’07 Milena Sanchez De Boado Gordon Epstein, IF ‘75, MIA ‘77, CERT ‘78 Jeffrey Franklin Gay, MIA ’04 Muzaffar A. Chishti, MIA ’81 Ivania de la Cruz Orozco Sharon E. Epstein, MIA ‘71, IF ‘71 Clara Irene Gaztelu, MPA ’07 Ahreum Cho, MIA ’07 Margaret C. De Lorme Sollitto, MIA ’94 Dara Erck, MIA ‘03 GE Foundation William Woosuk Choi, MIA ’97 Jay Douglas Dean, Esq., IF ’85, MIA ’88 Cornelia Mai Ercklentz Eric Neil Gebbie, MIA ’01 Ishwara Chrein, MIA ’03 Jonathan Dean Kenneth Paul Erickson, IF ‘64, CERT ‘70 Russell W. Geekie, MIA ’01 M. Jadwiga Chrusciel Goran Debelnogich Jacqueline Escobar, MPA ‘07 Frederick H. Gerlach, MIA ’63, Wellington Pao-Chun Chu, MIA ’87, Toni Elizabeth Dechario, MIA ’07 Jeffrey P. Escoffier, MIA ‘66 CERT ’63 CERT ’87 Anthony Deckoff, MIA ’07 M. Shinkichi Eto Elizabeth Champlin Geske, MIA ’87 Jeff Geefen Chyu, MIA ’83 Margery Suckle Deibler, IF ’81 David Andres Falconi, MPA ‘07 Daniel J. Gettings, MIA ’96 William Ciaccio, MPA ’79 John Melone Deidrick, MIA ’85 Joseph Edward Fallon, MIA ‘80 Omar M. Gharzeddine, MIA ’95 Jamie Lynn Ciesla, MIA ’03 Michael Samir Demian, MIA ’03 Islam Galal Farghaly Christine Wrona Giallongo, MIA ’90, Eugene Ciszewski Diane Leslie Demmler, MIA ’87 Stephen Francis Farrell, MPA ‘07 CERT ’90 Marc Claret de Fleurieu, MIA ’02 Jennifer Lynn DeRosa, MPA ’05 Mehrdad Farzaneh Susan C. Gigli, MIA ’87 Jefferson Clarke, MPA ’07 Elinor M. Despalatovic, CERT ’59 Brent Herman Feigenbaum, MIA ‘84 Kimberly Elizabeth Gilbert Sykes Peter James Clayton, MPA ’90 Mauren Devolder, MIA ’07 Almudena Fernandez Joseph Michael Gilbride Mary L. Clement Carolyn P. Dewing-Hommes, MIA ’86, Melissa A. Fernandez, MIA ‘99 Margaret S. Gillerman, IF ’78, MIA ’79 The Coca-Cola Foundation CERT ’86 Vincent A. Ferraro, MIA ‘73, IF ‘73 Alessandro Girola Ludmilla Maria Coccia Lt. Col. Gary Francis Di Gesu, MIA ’89 Leesa S. Fields, MIA ‘82 Thomas E. Glaisyer, MIA ’06 Laurie L. N. Cochran, MIA ’79 Raphael A. Diaz, MIA ’63 James Patrick Finan, MIA ‘07 Meredith Glass, MIA ’83 Lillian Mihailovic Coello Daniel Dicker Yakov Finkelshteyn, MIA ‘03 Adam Spencer Glatzer, MPA ’07 Daniel Moshe Cohen, MIA ’04 Sherwood E. Dickerman, CERT ’63 Charles H. Finnie, MIA ‘84 John J. Gmerek Graham Charles Cohen, MIA ’91 Richard Albert Dikeman, MPA ’99 Alexandra Daves Fiorillo, MIA ‘07 Birgit Gocht Jonathan Alan Cohen, MIA ’99 Maria Christina Dikeos, MIA ’92 Ralph T. Fisher Jr., CERT ‘50 David H. Goldberg, MIA ’82 Larry Rodney Colburn, MIA ’90 Robert Laurence Direnzo, MPA ’94 Howard Barrett Flanders Jr., Esq., IF ‘62 Ira E. Goldberg, MIA ’75 Scott D. Colby, CERT ’69 Carissa Anna Garcia Dizon H. Joseph Flatau Jr., Esq., MIA ’61 Allan Goldfarb, Esq., MIA ’79 Vasanta Andrew Collins, MIA ’07 Dimitrije Djordjevic Ines Flax Lisa G. Goldschmidt, MPA ’04 Dale S. Collinson, Esq., IF ’62 Tomislav Stevo Djurdjevich Nikolai Flexner, MIA ’05 Judith Joy Goldstein, MIA ’79 P. Vasquez Colmenares Guzman, MPA ’87 Stephen D. Docter, MIA ’60 James Fonda, MPA ‘07 Ian Matthew Goldsweig, MIA ’07 Elise M. Colomer Grimaldi Cynthia M. Dodd, IF ’77 David Stewart Fondiller, MIA ’92 Andrea Golfari Susan E. Condon, MIA ’70, IF ’70, Daniel Doktori, MIA ’07 Irene O. L. Fong Edward Daniel Gometz, MIA ’01 CERT ’70 Kerry Anne Dolan, MIA ’92 Anne Ford, MIA ’05 Isabel Molina Gonzalez, MPA ’07 Prof. Stephen Conn, IF ’66, MIA ’68 Lucia Adele Domville, MIA ’96 Laura Ellen Forlano, MIA ’01 Stanislaw J. Goray Marybeth Connolly, MIA ’01 Carr L. Donald, MIA ’55 Jennifer Ruth Fortner, MPA ’07 Gordon & Pikarski Chartered Amy Elizabeth Conrad, MIA ’03, Melissa Sawin Donohue, MIA ’93 Nicole Eugenia Foster Amaya Gorostiaga CERT ’03 Marianne Donovan Catherine Starin Foster-Anderson, MPA ’04 Janusz Gregory Gorzynski, MD Maureen Considine, MIA ’86 Arthur R. Dornheim, MIA ’48 David Christopher Francis Erika Nicole Gottfried, MIA ’07

42 SIPA NEWS Donor List SIPA

Michael P. Hirsh, MIA ’90 Elisa A. Kapell, IF ’79, MIA ’80, CERT ’80 Waichi Ho, MPA ’07 Kaplan Educational Centers James Peter Holtje, MIA ’90 Vikram Kapur, MIA ’93 Michael A. Holubar, MIA ’77 Laura J. Kasa, MPA ’00 Nicole Janine Holzapfel, MIA ’94 Lloyd R. Kass, MPA ’98 Home of the Alliance, Inc. Farida Kassin, MPA ’07 Joon Seok Hong, MIA ’05 Madina Kassymbayeva Anthony H. Horan, MD, IF ’63 Lilian Kastner, MIA ’06 Edit Horvath, MPA ’07 Clara Katingo Quintanilla, MIA ’82/ Pamela A. Houghtaling, MIA ’74, Katingo Investments, Inc. CERT ’76 Ayuko Kato Yehia Saad Houry, MIA ’07 Iori Kato, MIA ’03 Katherine Hale Hovde, MIA ’89 Makoto Kato, MIA ’97 Allison Jane Howard, MIA ’07 Tomoo Kato William D. Howells, MIA ’60, CERT ’60 Eliana Katsiaouni, MIA ’07 Jade Huang Sara Rachael Kaufman, MPA ’07 Sarah Beth Huber, MIA ’06 Peggy Ockkyung Kauh, MPA ’01 Robert Kingsley Hull, Esq., MIA ’78, Gail H. Kedrus, CERT ’81 CERT ’78 Spurgeon M. Keeny Jr. John Vincent Hummer, MPA ’88 Ioannis Achilleas Kefalogiannis, MIA ’07 Mi-Ae Hur, MIA ’00 Norman Edsel Kelker Gregory Todd Hutton, MIA ’00 Kristina Louisa Margriet Kempkey Thomas J. Hyra Jr., IF ’76, MIA ’77 Paul F. Kendall John David Ifcher, MPA ’93 Cary Kennedy, MPA ’93 Yoko Ikeda, MIA ’98 Julia Metzger Kennedy, MIA ’92 Nuray Nazli Inal Stephen Patrick Keppel, MIA ‘07 Ignacio Inda Arriaga, MIA ’06 John J. Kerr Jr., Esq., IF ’76 Farhod Inogambaev, MIA ’07 Lydia W. Kesich, CERT ’52 Helen Drew Isenberg, MIA ’54 Allan R. Kessler, MIA ’82 Anna Grace Isgro, MIA ’77 Sybil Bess Kessler, MIA ’97 Ishita Islam Maureen A. Khadder, MIA ’73, CERT ’73 Istituto per le Opere di Religione Farrukh Iqbal Khan, Esq. Francis Lincoln Grahlfs Jr., PhD, Katherine Olivia Hardy, MIA ’97 Eri Iwata, MIA ’07 Hina Khan CERT ’55 Lucy Gemma Hargreaves, MPA ’07 Irene B. Jacey John F. Khanlian, MIA ’69 Jennifer Youtz Grams, MPA ’99 David H. Harris, MIA ‘85, IF ’85 Kathryn Marie Jackson, MIA ’88 Michele Llona Wray Khateri, MIA ’97 Christian Grane, MIA ’01 Jeremy William Harris, MIA ’95 Roy Christopher Jackson, MPA ’90 Bahman Kia, CERT ’80 Paige Ellen Mahon Granger Prof. C. Lowell Harriss The Melvin & Rosalind Jacobs Family Kathleen Jo Kiebler Carolyn B. Green, MIA ’63 Helene Genevieve Harroff-Tavel Foundation Bomsinae Kim, MIA ’05 Risa Jill Greendlinger, MPA ’91 Pamela Hart Maria Irene Jacobson, MIA ’60 Misun Kim, MIA ’04 Clark D. Griffith, MIA ’00, CERT ’00 Laura Suzanne Harwood, MPA ’92 Dara Stacey Jaffee, MPA ’95 Steven Jae Kim, MPA ’07 Mary Goldthwaite Griffiths, MIA ’84 Patricia M. Haslach, MIA ’81, CERT ’81 Meena Jagannath, MIA ’07 Sue J. Kim, MPA ’06 Carole A. Grunberg, MIA ’78 Karim Cherif Hassouna, MIA ’05 Carissa L. Janis, MPA ’89 Koichi Kimura Guy B. Gugliotta, MIA ’73 Yasuko Hata Kato, MIA ’87 Bernd Gunnar Janzen, MIA ’92, CERT ’92 Natasha Suzanne Kindergan, MIA ’04 Gaurav Gujral, MPA ’07 Teresa Misty Hathaway, MIA ’89 Carolina Jaramillo, MPA ’07 Brigitte Lehner Kingsbury, MIA ’89 Sadhna Gupta, MPA ’04 Kathryn F. Hauser, MIA ‘79, CERT ’79 Su’ad Ali Jarbawi, MIA ’07 Nancy K. Kintner-Meyer, MIA ’89 Christopher E. Gurkovic Gary Edward Hayes, MIA ‘81, CERT ’81 Edwige Jean, MIA ’02 James Henry Kipers Jr., MIA ’02 Anna Lissa Gutierrez Maureen Hays-Mitchell, MIA ’83, Jong Hyun Jeon Nina Kishore, MPA ’07 Daniel A. Gutterman CERT ’83 Andrew T. Jhun, MPA ’04 Stian Kjeksrud, MIA ’07 Jorge de Jesus Guttlein, Esq., MIA ’79/ Susan L. Hazard The Johnson Family Foundation Pamela Ziemba Kladzyk Jorge Guttlein & Associates Rex S. Heinke, Esq., IF ’74 Mary Tyler Johnson, MPA ’ ’04 Jean L. Klein Veroljub Gvozdenovic Hertha W. Heiss, CERT ’51 Sonia P. Johnson, MIA ’48 Robert Scott Klein, MIA ’98 Zlatinca Gvozdenovic Rachel Heller-Scott, MPA ’01 Donald Ross Johnston, MIA ’94 Stephen H. Klitzman Henry J. Gwiazda II Judith Gail Hellerstein, MPA ’94 Jacques Lloyd Jones, Esq., IF ’69 Judith L. Kloner, MPA ’98 Jonathan Sullivan Gyurko, MPA ’00 Marina A. Henriquez, MPA ’01 Richard B. Jones, MIA ’80 Paulo Francisco Kluber Lillian Joycelyn Habeich/Lilyun, LLC Rick T. Henson, MPA ’07 Stanleigh H. Jones Jr., CERT ’58 Andrew Jerome Koch, MIA ’07 Michele Anke Haberland, MPA ’04 Joshua Rob Hepola, MIA ’00 Maria M. Jonsdottir, MIA ’06 Eugene Robert Koch Brian Gerald Hackett, MIA ’01 Daniel L. Herman, MIA ’82 Nadine F. Joseph, MIA ’73 Arpine Kocharyan Linda Haddad Nicholas B. Herman, IF ’70 Walter E. Judge Jr., MIA ’85, IF ’85 Harajeshwar Singh Kohli, MIA ’03, Amir Hadziomeragic, MIA ’01 Richard Hermanowski Professor Mark Juergensmeyer, IF ’64 CERT ’03 Alyssa Hagen Kenneth N. Hershman David E. Junker, MIA ’76 Eugene V. Kokot, Esq., IF ’73 Craig Acton Halbmaier, MIA ’07 Garry W. Hesser, IF ’64 Christopher P. Jurkiewicz Anthony M. Kolankiewicz, MIA ’99 Brandon James Hall, MIA ’07 Warren E. Hewitt, Esq., MIA ’50 Peter H. Juviler, CERT ’54 Annette Phyllis Kondo, IF ’86 Melissa Sue Hall, MIA ’07 Elizabeth Seal Higgs, MIA ’96 Velika Kabakchieva, MPA ’07 Jaime Tackett Koppel, MPA ’07 Craig Philip Hallgren, MIA ’86 Ronald S. Hikel, MIA ’63 Patrick Mfumu Kabasele, MIA ’07 Andrzej Korbonski Willa Zakin Hallowell John F. Hildebrand, IF ’66 Sharon Kahn-Bernstein, MPA ’97 William Korey, CERT ’48 Amb. Mark G. Hambley, MIA ’71 Miriam E. Hill, MPA ’99 Madeleine Green Kalb, CERT ’59 Slawomir A. Korzan Kay L. Hancock William E. Hiller, Esq., IF ’76 Kamil Kaluza, MPA ’06 Victor Koshkin-Youritzin, IF ’65 Dina C. Hanna, MIA ’06 Michele F. Hird, MIA ’77 Alexander Gerard Kamp, MIA ’07 Rudolph Kosiba

SIPA NEWS 43 Donor List SIPA

Timothy Leland, IF ’61 Julianne M. Markow, MIA ’88 Philip J. Lemanski, MPA ’86 Sylvain David Marpeau-Roussel, MPA ’07 Diane C. Lemelman, MIA ’79 Edward Adger Marshall, MIA ’03 Julie Ann Lenehan, MIA ’97 Zachary Blake Marshall, MIA ’91, IF ’91 Amanda V. Leness, MIA ’93 Michael G. Martinson, MIA ’70 Suzanna Lengyel Michael Masanovich Jennifer Olissa Leshnower, MPA ’07 Jocelyn Maskow, MPA ’88 Amanda Rose L’Esperance, MIA ’07 Yasuyuki Matsui Joshua Gregory Levine, MIA ’00 Marc Oliver Matthiensen, MIA ’95 Nadine Netter Levy, MIA ’70 Anneliese Farrell Mauch, MIA ’93, James John Lewellis, MIA ’04 CERT ’93 Elizabeth Mary Leyne, MIA’04 Toby E. Mayman, MIA ’65 David Yifong Li Elizabeth Wairimu Mbau Arthur Dominique Liacre, MIA ’04 Joseph J. McBrien, MIA ’77 Amy Lile, MPA ’05 Sissel Wivestad McCarthy, MIA ’92 John F. Lippmann, MIA ’49 Cary Palmer McClelland, MIA ’07 Samuel J. Lipsky, MIA ’73 Amanda Waring McClenahan, MPA ’02 Amy Kay Lipton, MIA ’88 Robert O. McClintock, IF ’63 Megan Rose Lipton, MIA ’01 Alexander Ian McCloskey, MPA ’05 John Joseph Lis, MIA ‘96, IF ’96, Kathryn L. McCormack, MIA ’95 CERT ’96 John McDiarmid Jr., MIA ’68 Richard J. Lis Neil E. McDonell, Esq., IF ’83 Chelsee Lisbon Brian C. McDonnell, MPA ’80 Christine P. Liu, MPA ’07 Mary Byrne McDonnell, MIA ’77 Glenda S. Liu, MIA ’77, CERT ’78 Alan B. McDougall, MPA ’92 Jiayi Liu, MIA ’07 Clifford Andrew McGadney, MPA ’06 M. Kai-Chun Liu, MPA ’82 Heather R. McGeory, MIA ’05 Xianghui Liu, MIA’07 Eugenia McGill, MIA ’00 Robert T. Livernash, MIA ’73, IF ’74 Fred F. McGoldrick, MIA ’66 Sherr Yun Lo, MPA ’07 James D. McGraw, MIA ’55 Yvonne C. Lodico, MIA ’82 Lisa McGregor-Mirghani, MIA ’94, IF ’94 Jody Susan London, MPA ’90 John T. McGuire, MIA ’63 William Anthony Lorenz, MIA ’99 Albert Dan McIntyre Ronald Dean Lorton, MIA ’71, IF ’71 Sarah Lynn McLaughlin, MPA ’98 Jonathan A. Lowe, MIA ‘69 Bozena Nowicka McLees Erica Granetz Lowitz, MPA ’94 Molly Michael McMahon Julia Y. Lu, MPA ’03 Patricia Marie McSharry, MIA ’86, Yi Lu CERT ’86 Lai Luo Daniel Joseph McSweeney, MIA ’07 Craig Philip Lustig, MPA ’98 Matias Mednik Charles H. Lyons, IF ’68 Joseph A. Mehan Maria Ma, MIA ‘05 Laila M. Mehdi, MIA ’86 Hugh P. Macbrien, MIA ’53 Alexandra Alison Meise, MPA ’07 Vernon L. Mack, MIA ’73 Mellon Financial Corporation Fund Daniel Mayer Kosinski, MPA ’07 Anne Elizabeth Lally, MIA ’01 Patricia M. Macken Ronald I. Meltzer, IF ’73 Stephanie Jane Kosmo, MIA ’84 Sange Lama, MPA ’07 David MacKenzie, PhD, CERT ’53 Roger C. Melzer Eric Kimball Kostrowski Jose M. Lamas, MIA ’86 David MacKenzie, PhD, CERT ’53 Jack W. Mendelsohn, CERT ’77 Artur J. Kowalski Ting Lan, MIA ’05 Benjamin Edward Madgett, MPA ’07 Elizabeth Dewar Mendenhall Henry Krisch, CERT ’54 Aikojean Lane, MIA ’05 Gerard Joseph Maguire, MIA ’02 Yerdos K. Mendybayev Bernard Kritzer, MIA ’72 Julie Werner Lane, MPA ’92 Alberta S. Magzanian, CERT ’56 Sandrine Mariette Merckaert Louis J. Krzych John D. Lange Jr., IF ’63 Harpreet Mahajan, CERT ’80 Stuart Grant Meredith, MIA ’88 Paul Krzywicki Toby Lanzer, MIA ’92 Gregory Sidney Mahoney, MIA ’00 Michael G. Merin, MIA ’84, IF ’84, Alan B. Kubarek John Lastavica Melinda B. Maidens, MIA ’76, CERT ’76 CERT ’84 Rebecca Morris Kuhar, MPA ’98 Boleslaw T. Laszewski M. Srdjan Maljkovic Alexandra Merle-Huet, MIA ’04 Bruno Kuhmerker Lubomir Lausevich M. Rade Malkovich Edward J. Meros Manish Kumar, MPA ’07 Mel Laytner, MIA ’72 Elizabeth A. Mallonee Stephen Allen Messinger, MIA ’89, Piotr J. Kumelowski Dimitris P. Lazopoulos, MIA ’83 Jerrold L. Mallory, Esq., MIA ’83, IF ’89 Jose Kuri, MPA ’99 Patrick Joseph Leahy, MIA ’89 CERT ’83 Calvin Marshall Mew, IF ’72 Peter O. Kurz, MIA ’76 Lily Ho Leavitt, MIA ’96 Roy Andrew Malmrose, MIA ’84 Sylvia Schmidt Mgaieth, MIA ’01 Walter Kuskowski Amb. Nelson C. Ledsky, MIA ’53 Lawrence H. Mamiya, IF ’68 Jia Mi, MPA ’04 Donald Ha Kwon, MPA ’05 Angela F. Lee, MIA ’99 Francesco Mancini, MIA ’03 Frank J. Miceli, MIA ’92 Susanne Kyzivat, MIA ’84 Jane Lee, MIA ’93 Angelo Michael Mancino, MPA ’03 Thomas R. Michelmore, MIA ’74 Chrissa M. La Porte, MIA ’05 Lynn F. Lee, MIA ’57 Harvey J. Mandel MD, PC Beth S. Michelson, IF ’97 Miguel Emilio La Rota, MPA ’07 Sang Yup Lee, MIA ’07 Andrew Thomas Mangan, IF ’84 Daniela Nemec Micsan, MIA ’83, CERT ’83 Darwin R. Labarthe, MD, IF ’62 Denis Paul Legault, MPA ’97 Theodore E. Mankovich, IF ’71 Christoph Roman Mikulaschek, MIA ’07 Laurin L. Laderoute Jr., Esq., IF ’66 Lehman Brothers, Inc. Ida May H. Mantel, MIA ’64 Gregory L. Miles, MIA ’79 Polly Nora Lagana, MPA ’04 Rebecca Bebe Leicht, MIA ’07 Robert B. Mantel, MIA ’63 Stanislaw A. Milewski, MD Sergio Thomas Lagunes, MIA ’05 Matt Leighninger, MPA ’94 Daniel Marchishin Zoran Milkovich

44 SIPA NEWS Donor List SIPA

Adin Calis Miller, MPA ’96 Behzad Dargahi Noubary, MIA ’07 Maya V. Petrovic Linda M. Richards, MIA ’78 Rosa Miller Lila Fatemeh Noury, MIA ’06 Pfizer Foundation Alvin Richman, MIA ’60 Thomas P. Milligan, MIA ’85, IF ’85, Jane K. Nugent Catherine Anne Pfordresher, MPA ’97 Scott Andrew Richman, MIA ’91 CERT ’85 Noelle King O’Connor, IF ’84 Jonathan Locke Philipsborn, MPA ’07 Rita Angela Ricobelli Corradi, MIA ’99 George R. Milner Jr., MIA ’49 Robert J. O’Connor Phillips Nizer LLP Leslie K. Rider-Araki, IF ’81, MIA ’82 Norah Leckey Milner, MIA ’49 Peter Damian O’Driscoll, MIA ’97 Elizabeth M. Phillips, MIA ’79 Sara Beth Riese Rudolf John Minar, MIA ’93 Steve Sohyun Oh, MIA ’07 Michelle Eugenia Philp Michael D. Riess, IF ’63, MIA ’66 Yusuke Miyazawa, MIA ’04 Harry John O’Hara, MIA ’91, IF ’91 The Phoenix Foundation, Inc. Michael Russell Rill, MIA ’84 Edward T. Mohylowski Haruhisa Ohtsuka, MIA ’05 Maurice J. Picard, MIA ’61 Sara Ruth Rioff, MIA ’07 Maria D. Molinero, MIA ’91 Amy Elizabeth O’Keefe, MIA ’04 Andrew J. Pierre, MIA ’57, IF ’61 Slobodan Ristic, MIA ’90, CERT ’90 Redmond Kathleen Molz Christina Marie Oliver, MPA ’04 Reka R. Pigniczky, MIA ’98 Austin D. Ritterspach, IF ’63 Ewa Monsul, DMD Clarence W. Olmstead Jr., Esq., IF ’67 Jeffrey M. Pines, MD, IF ’71 Eduardo Rivas, MIA ’04 Shelagh Lynne Montgomery, MIA ’92 Onuwabhagbe Abbey Omokhodion, David W. Pinkham, IF ’69/Stanwood- Richard C. Robarts, IF ’61, MIA ’62 Jeffrey Gordon Moore, MIA ’85, MIA ’00 Camano News, Inc. Richard G. Robbins Jr., CERT ’65 CERT ’85 Yalman Onaran, MIA ’93 Vanessa Pino Lockel, MPA ’03 Debra Leigh Robertson, MPA ’02 Morgan Stanley Foundation Kevin P. O’Neil, MIA ’85 Gerald A. Pinsky, MIA ’55 Alina Mercedes Rocha Menocal, MIA ’98 Walter N. Morgan Bart Jan Sebastian Oosterveld, MPA ’97 Tas Ling Pinther, MIA ’94 Ettore Rochlitzer Charlotte T. Morgan-Cato, MIA ’67 Mary Ann Oppenheimer, MIA ’69 Piper Jaffray Companies, Inc. Dawn McGuinness Rodeschin, MIA ’02 James C. Mori, MIA ’80 Davin O’Regan, MIA ’07 Najma Naheed Pirzada, MIA ’03 Rodman Family Trust Walter J. Morris/Morris Living Trust Glenn Paul Orloff, MIA ’88 Peter S. Pitarys Dorena Lynn Rodriguez, MPA ’96 Emily Susan Morse Angela Ortiz Robert Walter Pitulej, MPA ’96 Sarah L. Leon Rodriguez Raymond Basho Mosko, MIA ’07 Bruce A. Ortwine, MIA ’78 Thomas Guenter Plagemann, MIA ’91 Riordan J. A. Roett III, MIA ’61 Juan A. Mosquera Joseph Osenni Jr., MPA ’79 Steven J. Plofsky, MIA ’80 Jose Luis Rojas Villarreal, MIA ’00 Henry W. Mott III, CERT ’57 Timothy J. C. O’Shea, IF ’84, MIA ’85, Polish Veterans of World War II, Deborah Hannon Rosenblum, MIA ’89 Ann Mrkic Zgonena CERT ’85 S.P.K. Inc. Kathryn Ann Rosenblum, MIA ’86 Donald M. Mrvos, MD Tomoyuki Oshino, MIA ’07 Cary Neil Pollack, MIA ’71 Richard H. Rosensweig, MIA ’68 Catherine J Mulvey, MPA ’05 Poldy Paola Osorio Alvarez Maurice A. Pollet Glenda G. Rosenthal, CERT ’71 Lynette Yabes Munez, MPA ’99 Cesar Oswaldo Osorio Flores, MPA ’ ’07 Maria Popov Bradford Alan Rothschild, MIA ’95, Christine Munn, MIA ’81 Kimberly Ostrowski Richard P. Poremski CERT ’96 James Frederick Munsell, MIA ’07 Michael Brendan O’Sullivan, MIA ’07 Tomasz Potworowski Seymour Rotter, PhD, CERT ’49 Erika Munter, MIA ’96 Yuko Otsuki, MIA ‘07 Melissa A. Poueymirou Richard C. Rowson, MIA ’50 Rachid Murad, MPA ’04 Laura Otterbourg, MIA ‘87 Leila Pourarkin, MPA ’07 Moises Rudelman, MIA ’01 Dawn Celeste Murphy, MIA ’04 Jerzy A. Owczarek Margaret Edsall Powell, MIA ’01 Michele Aimee Ruehs Steinbuch, MIA ’00 Nancy L. Musselwhite, MIA ’82, Marilyn G. Ozer, MIA ’71 Professor Kenneth Prewitt George F. Ruffner, MIA ’72 CERT ’82 William M. Packard, MD, IF ’70 Jeffrey D. Pribor, Esq., IF ’82 Robert R. Ruggiero Robert O. Myhr, MIA ’62 Elizabeth Sherrerd Page, MPA ’98 Beatriz Prieto-Oramas, MIA ’05 Nona J. Russell, MPA ’85 Myoe Myint Chhandasi Pradeep Pandya, MIA ’07 Joseph Procopio, MIA ’72 Thomas J. Russo, CERT ’76 Anna K. Nabelek Gerard J. Papa, IF ’74 Amelia Estelle Prounis, MIA ’87 Benjamin Robert Ryan, MIA ’07 Jonathan Jacob Nadler, MPA ’81 Joyce Ellen Papes, MIA ’83 Paula Marie Puhak, MPA ’07 Michael Rywkin, CERT ’60 Arti Singh Nain Lynn Elizabeth Paquin, MPA ’96 Rajiv Krishna Punja, MIA ’07 Maysoon M. Sabkar, MIA ’97 Jad Najjar, MIA ’07 Jee Hoon Park, MIA ’07 Camille C. Purvis, MIA ’99 Sabre Holdings Sawa Nakagawa Jung Sook Park Bruce Rabb, Esq. Anthony R. Saccomano, MIA ’70 Prof. James I. Nakamura Kendra Park, MIA ’07 Keith Warren Rabin, MIA ’90 Lisa R. Sacks, MPA ’01 Y. Jane Nakano, MIA ’01 Maxime Parmentier Serena Whiteman Rachels, CERT ’67 Carlos Saenz, MIA ’07 Yasutaka Nakasone Joana Pascual, MIA ’07 Mildred Radakovich Mark Edward Sajbel, MIA ’82 Bassam A. K. Namani, PhD, MIA ’76 Rebecca L. Pass, MPA ’07 Patricia Radulovic Aisha Fariel Salahuddin Divya Narayanan, MIA ’98 Louis L. Patalita Pia J. Raffler Lisa A. Sales Frances E. Nathan Amal Shashikant Patel, MIA ’02 Chitra Raghavacharya, MIA ’01 Anne O’Toole Salinas, MIA ’96, CERT ’96 Peter Ryan Natiello, MIA ’90, IF ’90 Grant R. Patrick, MIA ’81 Zaki Tiedje Raheem Jill Beth Salmon, MIA ’05 Karol Nawarynski Barbara Paumgarten Vikram Raju, MIA ’97 Russell O. Salmon, CERT ’69 Lori Anne Neal, MPA ’02 John A. Pecoul, IF ’64 Maminirina Rakotoarisoa Alexandra Lisa Salomon, MIA ’99 Michele Diane Needham, MPA ’92 Eric Albert Peltzer Rene A. Ramos, MPA ’07 Joseph Andrew Samborsky, MPA ’04 Stephen S. Nelmes, MIA ’73 Capt. Richard J. Pera, MIA ’79 Timothy Paul Ramsey, MIA ’93 Joyce C. Samuel Oksana Dackiw Nesterczuk, MIA ’81, Jose Peralta/195 Claremont Food, Inc. Andrea L. Rankin, MPA ’97 Patricia A. Samwick, MIA ’75 CERT ’81 Don Peretz Adam Clive Raphaely, MPA ’07 Alicia Sanchez Stephanie G. Neuman Beth B. Perez Julie Ratner Fernando S. Sanchez, MIA ’90 Richard T. Newman, MIA ’51 Steve A. Perez, MIA ’07 Gary J. Reardon, MPA ’80 Stephanie Mara Sand, MPA ’05 David A. Newsome, MD, IF ’66 Eric Robert Perino, MIA ’07 Shravya Kolli Reddy Gonzalo Jose Sanz Perez, MPA ’07 Ann Nicol, MIA ’77 Andrew Knox Perkins, MIA ’85, Meghan Elizabeth Redmond, MIA ’07 Alejandro Sarasti, MPA ’07 Marla Nierenberg Hanan, MPA ’97 CERT ’85 Helen Reeve, CERT ’54 German Sarmiento, MIA ’07 Elizabeth Ninan Jack R. Perry, CERT ’58 Marvin M. Reiss, MIA ’87/Arabesque Philip Nathaniel Sawyer, MIA ’87/Philip Junko Nishikawa Eric David Perugini, MPA ’05 Recordings LLC Sawyer Designs & Associates LLC Laura Nicole Nishikawa Dragan S. Petakov Edmund O. Reiter, CERT ’61 Sara Elizabeth Schaefer, MIA ’02 Eri Noguchi, MPA ’93 Mariana S. Petermann, MIA ’94 Catherine Rekai Herbert A. Schectman, Esq., MIA ’58 Walter R. Nolan Sophie Miskiewicz Peters, CERT ’76 Janet S. Resele-Tiden, MIA ’92 Kenneth J. Scheffler Carolyn M. Nomura, MIA ’76 Ned King Peterson, MIA ’07 Reuters America Inc. Mark J. Scher Tamara H. Norris, MPA ’88 Patrick Edward Peterson, MIA ’07 Margaret Reynolds Sebastian Schienle Bradley S. Norton, MPA ’02 Robert A. Peterson, IF ’79 Michael I. Rhee, MIA ’94 Lilli deBrito Schindler, MIA ’90

SIPA NEWS 45 Donor List SIPA

Scott Ronald Schless, MIA ’87 Gloria D. Sosin Todor Todorovski, MIA ’07 Ljubomir Vujovic Eric S. Schmier Aimee Duncan Sostowski, MIA ’07 Kenneth H. Toepfer, MIA ’53 Kenichi Wada, MIA ’05 Julia C. Schmitt-Krahmer Stephen H. Spahn, IF ’65 Maria Tomasz Samuel Robert Wade, MPA ’07 Allison H. Schovee, MIA ’85 Nicholas J. Spiliotes, Esq., IF ’79, Jennifer Elizabeth Toth, MIA ’04 Clark David Wagner, MIA ’85 Gary Scott Schumann, MIA ’91 CERT ’79 Andrew P. Tothy Maria M. Waite-Nied, MPA ’82 Matthew Louis Schumann, MIA ’07 Peter Spiller, MIA ’68 Ruth E. Townsend Sarah A. Walbert, MIA ’80 David J. Schurman, MD, IF ’63 Susannah R. Spodek, MIA ’97 Elizabeth D. Trafelet, MIA ’03 Henry Walentowicz Christina Cathey Schutz, Esq., MIA ’07 Marisa C. Stadtmauer, MPA ’93 John Christopher Traylor, MPA ’89 Roy C. Walker, MIA ’93 Ana S. Schwartz, MIA ’82 Nancellen Stahl, MIA ’83 Gabrielle Louise Miller Trebat, MIA ’99 Marc McGowan Wall, MIA ’75, IF ’75 Helen Sebastian Sally J. Staley, MIA ’80 Eugene J. Trela Jeffrey Gene Waller, MIA ’02 Charles A. Seelig, MPA ’84 Robert David Stang, MPA ’84 Cathy Rivara Trezza, MIA ’85 Anthony W. Wan/Signature Builders, LLC Lynn A. Seirup, MIA ’80 T. Stapleton, MIA ’01 Edward Trickey, MIA ’88 Jenny Xiao Ming Wang, MPA ’01 Kaoruko Seki, MIA ’93, IF ’93 State Street Foundation Ma. Cherrylin Villasenor Trinidad, Joy C. Wang, MPA ’01 Katherine J. Sekowski Nicolas J. Stefano, MIA ’07 MIA ’07 Deborah Elizabeth Ward, MPA ’94 Albert L. Seligmann, MIA ’49 Irena Stefanova, MPA ’07 Jennifer Andich Trotsko, MIA ’97, The Washington Post Company Irwin S. Selnick, CERT ’78 Branislava Stefanovic-Skoko CERT ’97 Rebecca VanLandingham Waugh, Marc Jay Selverstone, MIA ’92 Lisa Steinburg, MIA ’89 Christopher G. Trump, IF ’62 MIA ’00 Steven Harold Semenuk, MPA ’90 Claire S. Stelter Wilhelmina Tsang Egon E. Weck, MIA ’49 Francesco D’assisi Sensidoni David Hunter Stephens, MIA ’84, IF ’84 Nicholas B. Tsocanos, MIA ’99 Kimberly Anne Wedel, MPA ’88 Nina Maria Serafino, MIA ’76 James Mead Stephenson, MIA ’07 April Rae Tubbs, MPA ’07 Constance D. Weems, CERT ’60 Karen Serota Alan Stern, MIA ’68 Abby S. Tucker, MIA ’85 Rhoda S. Weidenbaum, PhD, CERT ’55 Ryan James Severino, MIA ’04 Clyde Donald Stoltenberg, MIA ’85 Eric D. Tucker, MIA ’84 Colleen Marie Weigle, MPA ’07 Nahid Seyedsayamdost, MIA ’01 Megan Stouffer, MPA ’07 Alisa Fatma Tugberk, MIA ’06 Benjamin Richard Weil, MIA ’92, Vilma Shabani, MIA ’07 Mark Alexander Stover, MIA ’04 Yasemin Tugce Tumer, MPA ’07 CERT ’92 Amelia Bates Shachoy, MPA ’88 John Kelly Strader, MIA ’80, CERT ’80 Alper A. Tunca, MPA ’05 Lois D. Weinert, CERT ’51 Anuj A. Shah, MIA ’05 William Paul Strain, MPA ’07 Daniel B. Tunstall, MIA ’68 Paul J. Weinstein Jr., MIA ’87 Beth Shair, MIA ’94 Jukka-Pekka Strand, MIA ’07 Madeline T. Turci, MIA ’81 Gary Michael Weiskopf, MPA ’87 Jennifer Shaoul, MPA ’90 Daniel A. Strasser Robert F. Turetsky, MIA ’72 Rozanne G. Weiss Paul A. Shapiro, MIA ’70 Michael Andrew Streeto, MIA ’89 Lyazzat Tursynbayeva Marilyn S. Wellemeyer, MIA ’68 David P. Shark, MIA ’75 Allison McCullagh Strype Rev. Jaroslav B. Tusek Jr., MIA ’75 Arch. Szczepan Wesoly Camilla Violet Sharples Adriana Suarez Pardo, MIA ’07 Sharmila Hainum Tuttle, MIA ’05 Donald F. Wheeler, CERT ’71 Sofija Shashkina Diane R. Suhler, MIA ’73 Donald J. Twombly, MIA ’73 Catherine Aileen White, MPA ’04 Peter W. Sheats, MIA ’67, IF ’67 Kamala Sukosol, MIA ’60 Carolyn Louise Tyson, MIA ’89 Alda T. Whitt, MIA ’72 Jeffrey Sheban, MIA ’86 Witold S. Sulimirski Yasuhiro Ueki, MIA ’79, CERT ’79 Dana Lynn Wichterman, MIA ’88 Angela Missouri Sherman-Peter, MIA ’04 Cihan A. Sultanoglu, MIA ’81 Letitia W. Ufford Gerard William Wicklin Jr., MIA ’84 Lei Shi J. Scott Sutliff, MIA ’92 Christie Marie Ulman Helgard Wienert-Cakim, MIA ’62 M. Takenori Shigemitsu Elina Sverdlova, MIA ’07 Gadi Ungar, MIA ‘07 Barbara Wierzbianski Betsy Pollack Shimberg, MPA ’97 William H. Swartz Jr., IF ‘68, MIA ’69 United Colors, Inc./Slawomir A. Korzan Jill Sue Wilkins, MIA ’ ’91 Yumi Shindo, MPA ’05 Alison Kimberly Swenton, MIA ‘00 United Way of Tri-State H. David Willey, IF ’63 Rekha Shukla, MIA ’92 Stanley P. Swiderski Prof. Miguel Urquiola Rev. Edward S. Winsor, MIA ’54 Marshall D. Shulman, CERT ’48 John Temple Swing Reina Utsunomiya Merle Beth Wise, MPA ’88 Mark E. Siegelman, MIA ’80 Emilia Szymanski Frederic Joseph Vagnini II, MIA ’89 Krystyna Wisniewski Lillian Siemion Jahan Fard Tabatabaie, MIA ’01 Daniel D. Valle, MPA ’89 Matthew David Wittenstein Kathryn Angel Sikkink, CERT ’84 Ines Tabka, MIA ’93 Nancy L. van Itallie, MIA ’02 Stanley J. Wlodarczyk Melvyn J. Simburg, Esq., MIA ’71, IF ’71 Nancy Stuart Taggart, MIA ’97 Felicia D. Van Praagh Susan Hammond Wolford, MIA ’79 George W. Simmonds, CERT ’52 L. Trigg Talley Jr., MIA ’92 Anmol Vanamali, MIA ’07 Donna C. Wonnacott, CERT ’60 Benjamin Lee Simmons, Esq., MIA ’00 Shu Tamaura, MIA ’07 Lucia Vancura, MIA ’06 Ronald G. Woodbury, IF ’66 Stuart Simon, MIA ’78 Alice Ayling Tan, MPA ’01 Eileen D. Vandoros, MIA ’70 Chang-Chuan Wu, CERT ’69 Willard M. Sims III, MIA ’97 Joanna A. Tan, MIA ’95 Jorge Luis Vargas, MIA ’98 Dana Ying-Hui Wu, MPA ’92 Kuldip K. Singh, MIA ’77 Gail Tang, MPA ’07 Herbert Paul Varley Jr., CERT ’61 Michele M. Wucker, MIA ’93, CERT ’93 Vikram Jeet Singh, MIA ’03 Li Tang, MPA ’07 Christopher Michael Vaughn, MIA ’02 Stephen Michel Wunker, MPA ’96 Deborah A. Singiser, MIA ’95 Kaori Iwasaki Tani, MIA ’07 Ilona Jaramillo Vega, MIA ’94 Norman G. Wycoff, MIA ’50 Harendra L. Sirisena, MIA ’92 Florence Tatistcheff-Amzallag, MIA ’76 Milos M. Velimirovic Eri Yamaguchi Vicki Sittenfeld, MPA ’82 Eda Franzetti Tato, MIA ’80 James Michael Vener, MPA ’07 Hideo Yanai, MIA ’96 Lori Rossner Skapper, MIA ’91 William C. Taubman, IF ’63, CERT ’65 Karen L. Verlaque, MIA ’94 Eveline Siling Yang, MIA ’07 Yael Slater Elsabeth T. Tedros, MIA ’07 Edward J. Vernoff, MIA ’68 Katherine Yang Jenna Eleni Slotin, MIA ’07 Myrna C. Tengco, MPA ’05 Amb. Alexander R. Vershbow, MIA ’76, Kyunghee Yang, MPA ’00 Elizabeth Ann Smith, MPA ’04 Nickolas John Themelis CERT ’76 Sonia Eun Joo Yeo, MIA ’00 Matthew Paul Smith Paul A. Thompson, MIA ’73 Alexander S. Vesselinovitch, Esq., IF ’78 Esma Ozge Yildiz N. Diane Smith, MIA ’80 Scott Christian Thompson, MIA ’97 Frederic Pierre Vigneron, MIA ’83 Kamil Yilmaz, MIA ’07 Richard M. Smith, IF ’69 Jennifer Rachel Thomson, MIA ’97 Milagros Villa-Garcia Miranda Zhijing Yin, MPA ’03 Scott Seward Smith, MIA ’98 Kathleen Sonia Thomson Nitya Viswanathan Ka-Che Yip Roberto E. Socas, MIA ’55 Anna Throne-Holst, MIA ’06 Justin Gregory Vogt, MIA ’07 Harry M. Yohalem, Esq., MIA ’69 Elaine Carol Soffer, MPA ’83 Meghan E.W. Tierney, MIA ’07 Maike von Heymann Osamu Yoshida, MPA ’99 Richard J. Soghoian, IF ’65 Anna Tikonoff, MPA ’07 Conrad Martin von Igel, MPA ’07 Drew M. Young II, MIA ’72, IF ’74, Debra E. Soled, MIA ’82, CERT ’83 Joel I. Tirschwell, MIA ’62 Alexander von Ziegesar, MIA ’05 CERT ’75 Juan A. Somavia, MIA ’98 Stephen E. Tisman, Esq., IF ’72 Jayati Pradeep Vora, MIA ’07 Mark Donald Young, MPA ’91 Anna Somos, MIA ’07 Paul S. Tkachuk Dragan D. Vuckovic William Jack Young Jr., MPA ’90

46 SIPA NEWS Donor List SIPA

Michael Yun, MPA ’05 Veronica Lucia Alvarez, MPA ’07 Fiona Chia-Hsin Yung, MIA ’01 Dean Lisa S. Anderson, CERT ’76 Mischa Alessandro Zabotin, MIA ’89 Toshihide Aotake, MPA ’07 Walter Zachariasiewicz Maria Eugenia Apergis, MIA ’07 Alicia A. Zadrozna-Fiszman Bethany Allyson Aquilina Fereidoon Zahedi Spiridon Ardavanis, MIA ’07 Laura Anne Zaks, MIA ’05 Patrick Sylvestre Augustin, MPA ’07 Laura Ellen Zeiger Hatfield, MIA ’89, Elena Avesani, MIA ’07 CERT ’89 Pamela Maria Ayuso, MIA ’07 Xiaonan Zhang, MPA ’07 Abhinav Bahl Alyson Marie Zikmund, MPA ’06 Shai Bandner Andrew W. Zimmerman, MD, IF ’68 Lauralea Ellen Banks Zora Zimmerman Adam M. Barcan, MIA ’07 Sina Vanja Zintzmeyer, MPA ’07 Christoph Barchewitz, MPA ’07 Julie Margaretta Zissimopoulos, PhD, Aimee Elise Keli’i Barnes, MPA ’07 MIA ’93 Desiree A. Baron Jonathan Zorach, CERT ’72 Kate Alyssa Bashford Dominik Zotti Samuel Martin Baumann, MIA ’07 Karen S. Zuckerstein, MIA ’75 Eldar Beisimbekov Joshua Howat Berger, MIA ’07 Matching Organizations Maria Luisa Betancur, MIA ’07 American International Group, Inc. Alison A. Binkowski Bank of America Foundation David Samuel Blakeslee BlackRock, Inc. Lylyana Jelka Bogdanovich, MPA ’07 Carnegie Corporation of New York Patrick Francis Bohan The Coca-Cola Foundation David Weldon Boswell, MPA ’07 Constellation Energy Group Aurelien Antoine Boyer, MIA ’07 Foundation, Inc. Franka Barbara Braun Deutsche Bank Americas Foundation Alessandra Bravi Dow Jones & Company, Inc. Marisa J. Buchanan, MPA ’07 Edison International Kalyani Rammohan Bulfer, MPA ’07 Ernst & Young Foundation Wisit Bunyaritthipong ExxonMobil Foundation Hollis Ottilia Calhoun, MPA ’07 Gannett Foundation, Inc. Lee A. Calhoun, MPA ’07 GE Foundation Scott Stewart Cameron Global Impact Janet Canver Goldman, Sachs & Company Michael Mustafa Carim, MPA ’07 HSBC Bank USA Jacqueline Joann Carpenter IBM International Foundation Wenndy Carrasco The Johnson Family Foundation Jorge Alberto Cervantes Kaplan Educational Centers Gustavo Cerello Chacra, MIA ’07 Chinonso Tochukwu Emehelu Andrea Golfari Lehman Brothers, Inc. Mario A. Chamorro, MIA ’07 Cornelia Mai Ercklentz Isabel Molina Gonzalez, MPA ’07 Mellon Financial Corporation Fund Hai-Chiao Chang, MPA ’07 Jacqueline Escobar, MPA ’07 Amaya Gorostiaga Merrill Lynch & Co. Foundation, Inc. Charalambos Leonidas Charalambides, David Andres Falconi, MPA ’07 Erika Nicole Gottfried, MIA ’07 MetLife Foundation MPA ’07 Islam Galal Farghaly Paige Ellen Mahon Granger Microsoft Corporation Winifred Debbie Chen, MPA ’07 Stephen Francis Farrell, MPA ’07 Gaurav Gujral, MPA ’07 The Moody’s Foundation Ada Chirapaisarnkul, MIA ’07 Almudena Fernandez Anna Lissa Gutierrez Morgan Stanley Foundation Ahreum Cho, MIA ’07 Alexandra Daves Fiorillo, MIA ’07 Linda Haddad Pfizer Foundation Jefferson Clarke, MPA ’07 James Fonda, MPA ’07 Alyssa Hagen Phillips Nizer LLP Ludmilla Maria Coccia Irene O. L. Fong Brandon James Hall, MIA ’07 The Phoenix Foundation, Inc. Vasanta Andrew Collins, MIA ’07 Nicole Eugenia Foster Melissa Sue Hall, MIA ’07 Piper Jaffray Companies, Inc. JoAnn T. Crawford David Christopher Francis Lucy Gemma Hargreaves, MPA ’07 Reuters America Inc. Erich Cripton April L. Frederick, MIA ’07 Helene Genevieve Harroff-Tavel Sabre Holdings Brooke Dufresne Cutler Lossie M. Freeman Rick T. Henson, MPA ’07 Charles Schwab Corporation Foundation Leanna Ali Dakik, MPA ’07 Scarlett Lopez Freeman Waichi Ho, MPA ’07 State Street Foundation Probal DasGupta, MIA ’07 Abigail Crosbie Frost, MIA ’07 Edit Horvath, MPA ’07 UBS Philippe Dauba-Pantanacce, MIA ’07 Shannon L. Gaffney Yehia Saad Houry, MIA ’07 Wachovia Foundation Ivania de la Cruz Orozco Colleen D. Galbraith Allison Jane Howard, MIA ’07 The Washington Post Company Toni Elizabeth Dechario, MIA ‘’07 Asif Iqbal E. Gangat Jade Huang Wells Fargo Foundation Anthony Deckoff, MIA ’07 Sharmeen Gangat Nuray Nazli Inal Mauren Devolder, MIA ’07 C. Robert Garris Ignacio Inda Arriaga, MIA ’06 Class Gift 2007 Carissa Anna Garcia Dizon Clara Irene Gaztelu, MPA ’07 Farhod Inogambaev, MIA ’07 Sue Aimee Aguilar Daniel Doktori, MIA ’07 Kimberly Elizabeth Gilbert Sykes Ishita Islam Patricia Marie Aguilo, MPA ’07 Grant M. Duers Joseph Michael Gilbride Eri Iwata, MIA ’07 Hyun Jung Ahn Tonina Dumic Alessandro Girola Meena Jagannath, MIA ’07 Ming Ai Noor-un-nisa Durrani Adam Spencer Glatzer, MPA ’07 Carolina Jaramillo, MPA ’07 Hatice Akkaya Karayol Steven Jeffrey Ehrlich Birgit Gocht Su’ad Ali Jarbawi, MIA ’07 Isabel Alvarez Norma, MPA ’07 Isaac Manfred Elfstrom, MIA ’07 Ian Matthew Goldsweig, MIA ’07 Jong Hyun Jeon

SIPA NEWS 47 Donor List SIPA

Velika Kabakchieva, MPA ’07 Laura Nicole Nishikawa Elina Sverdlova, MIA ’07 James Michael Vener, MPA ’07 Patrick Mfumu Kabasele, MIA ’07 Behzad Dargahi Noubary, MIA ’07 Shu Tamaura, MIA ’07 Milagros Villa-Garcia Miranda Kamil Kaluza, MPA ’06 Milica Obradovic, MIA ’07, CERT ’07 Gail Tang, MPA ’07 Nitya Viswanathan Alexander Gerard Kamp, MIA ’07 Steve Sohyun Oh, MIA ’07 Li Tang, MPA ’07 Justin Gregory Vogt, MIA ’07 Farida Kassin, MPA ’07 Davin O’Regan, MIA ’07 Kaori Iwasaki Tani, MIA ’07 Maike von Heymann Madina Kassymbayeva Angela Ortiz Elsabeth T. Tedros, MIA ’07 Conrad Martin von Igel, MPA ’07 Ayuko Kato Tomoyuki Oshino, MIA ’07 Kathleen Sonia Thomson Jayati Pradeep Vora, MIA ’07 Tomoo Kato Poldy Paola Osorio Alvarez Paul Wayne Thurman Samuel Robert Wade, MPA ’07 Eliana Katsiaouni, MIA ’07 Cesar Oswaldo Osorio Flores, MPA ’07 Meghan E. W. Tierney, MIA ’07 Colleen Marie Weigle, MPA ’07 Sara Rachael Kaufman, MPA ’07 Kimberly Ostrowski Anna Tikonoff, MPA ’07 Matthew David Wittenstein Ioannis Achilleas Kefalogiannis, MIA ’07 Michael Brendan O’Sullivan, MIA ’07 Todor Todorovski, MIA ’07 Eri Yamaguchi Jessie McClintock Kelly, MIA ’07 Yuko Otsuki, MIA ’07 Ma. Cherrylin Villasenor Trinidad, Eveline Siling Yang, MIA ‘07 Kristina Louisa Margriet Kempkey Chhandasi Pradeep Pandya, MIA ’07 MIA ’07 Katherine Yang Stephen Patrick Keppel, MIA ’07 Jee Hoon Park, MIA ’07 Wilhelmina Tsang Esma Ozge Yildiz Farrukh Iqbal Khan, Esq. Jung Sook Park April Rae Tubbs, MPA ’07 Kamil Yilmaz, MIA ’07 Hina Khan Kendra Park, MIA ’07 Yasemin Tugce Tumer, MPA ’07 Xiaonan Zhang, MPA ’07 Steven Jae Kim, MPA ’07 Maxime Parmentier Lyazzat Tursynbayeva Sina Vanja Zintzmeyer, MPA ’07 Koichi Kimura Joana Pascual, MIA ’07 Christie Marie Ulman Dominik Zotti Nina Kishore, MPA ’07 Rebecca L. Pass, MPA ’07 Prof. Miguel Urquiola Stian Kjeksrud, MIA ’07 Eric Albert Peltzer Reina Utsunomiya Paulo Francisco Kluber Steve A. Perez, MIA ’07 Arpine Kocharyan Eric Robert Perino, MIA ’07 Jaime Tackett Koppel, MPA ’07 Ned King Peterson, MIA ’07 Daniel Mayer Kosinski, MPA ’07 Patrick Edward Peterson, MIA ’07 Eric Kimball Kostrowski Jonathan Locke Philipsborn, MPA ’07 Manish Kumar, MPA ’07 Michelle Eugenia Philp Miguel Emilio La Rota, MPA ’07 Melissa A. Poueymirou Sange Lama, MPA ’07 Leila Pourarkin, MPA ’07 Sang Yup Lee, MIA ’07 Paula Marie Puhak, MPA ’07 Rebecca Bebe Leicht, MIA ’07 Rajiv Krishna Punja, MIA ’07 Jennifer Olissa Leshnower, MPA ’07 Pia J. Raffler Amanda Rose L’Esperance, MIA ’07 Zaki Tiedje Raheem David Yifong Li Maminirina Rakotoarisoa Chelsee Lisbon Rene A. Ramos, MPA ’07 Christine P. Liu, MPA ’07 Adam Clive Raphaely, MPA ’07 Jiayi Liu, MIA ’07 Shravya Kolli Reddy Xianghui Liu, MIA ’07 Meghan Elizabeth Redmond, MIA ’07 Sherr Yun Lo, MPA ’07 Margaret Reynolds Yi Lu Sara Beth Riese Lai Luo Sara Ruth Rioff, MIA ’07 Patricia M. Macken Benjamin Robert Ryan, MIA ’07 Benjamin Edward Madgett, MPA ’07 Carlos Saenz, MIA ’07 Harpreet Mahajan, CERT ’80 Aisha Fariel Salahuddin Francesco Mancini, MIA ’03 Gonzalo Jose Sanz Perez, MPA ’07 Sylvain David Marpeau-Roussel, MPA ’07 Alejandro Sarasti, MPA ’07 Yasuyuki Matsui German Sarmiento, MIA ’07 Elizabeth Wairimu Mbau Kenneth J. Scheffler Cary Palmer McClelland, MIA ’07 Sebastian Schienle Albert Dan McIntyre Julia C. Schmitt-Krahmer Molly Michael McMahon Matthew Louis Schumann, MIA ’07 Daniel Joseph McSweeney, MIA ’07 Christina Cathey Schutz, Esq., MIA ’07 Matias Mednik Francesco D’assisi Sensidoni Alexandra Alison Meise, MPA ’07 Vilma Shabani, MIA ’07 Elizabeth Dewar Mendenhall Camilla Violet Sharples Yerdos K. Mendybayev Lei Shi Sandrine Mariette Merckaert Yael Slater Christoph Roman Mikulaschek, MIA ’07 Jenna Eleni Slotin, MIA ’07 Emily Susan Morse Matthew Paul Smith Raymond Basho Mosko, MIA ’07 Anna Somos, MIA ’07 Juan A. Mosquera Aimee Duncan Sostowski, MIA ’07 James Frederick Munsell, MIA ’07 Nicolas J. Stefano, MIA ’07 Myoe Myint Irena Stefanova, MPA ’07 Arti Singh Nain James Mead Stephenson, MIA ’07 Jad Najjar, MIA ’07 Megan Stouffer, MPA ’07 Sawa Nakagawa William Paul Strain, MPA ’07 Yasutaka Nakasone Jukka-Pekka Strand, MIA ’07 Elizabeth Ninan Allison McCullagh Strype Junko Nishikawa Adriana Suarez Pardo, MIA ’07

48 SIPA NEWS SIPA News is published biannually by SIPA’s Office of External Relations.

Managing Editor: JoAnn Crawford Editors: Matteen Mokalla, Nilanjana Pal Contributing writers: Lincoln Ajoku, Richard W. Bulliet, Jackie Carpenter, John H. Coatsworth, Daniela Coleman, Rob Garris, Nichole Wong Gomez, Matt Klasen, Robert C. Lieberman, Matteen Mokalla, Jina Moore, Sawa Nakagawa, Nilanjana Pal, Eduardo Peris Deprez, Samanth Subramanian, Paula Wilson

Contributing photographers: Eileen Barroso (page 37); Nina Berman/Redux (page 26); Tommaso Bonaventura/Contrasto/Redux (pages 26–27); Gabriel Bouys/AFP/Getty Images (page 3); Francesco Cocco/Contrasto/Redux (pages 24–25); Stephen Crowley/The New York Times/Redux (page 10); Stephanie Dalton Cowan/Getty Images (page 15); Dave Cutler (page 6); Viktor Drachev/AFP/Getty Images (page 30); Jeffrey Hamilton/Getty Images (page 4); Dirk Kemp (page 36); Joe Klamar/AFP/Getty Images (page 23); Teh Eng Koon/AFP/Getty Images (page 27, right); Wally McNamee/Corbis (page 12); Doug Mills/The New York Times/Redux (page 29); Karen Minasyan/AFP/Getty Images (page 33, left); Eastcott Momatiuk/Getty Images (page 5); Per-Anders Pettersson/Getty Images (page 16); Inacio Rosa/ AFP/Getty Images (page 31); STRDEL/AFP/Getty Images (pages 18–19); Sergei Supinsky (page 22); Juan Carlos Ulate/archivolatino/Redux (pages 28–29); Manan Vatsyayana/AFP/Getty Images (page 20); Johan Warden/Getty Images (pages 8–9); Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images (page 21); Toru Yamanaka/AFP/ Getty Images (page 32); Ahn Youing-joon/AP (page 33, right)

Cover Photograph: Peter Gridley/Getty Images

Design and Production: Office of University Publications

School of International and Public Affairs Acting Dean: John H. Coatsworth Associate Deans: Patrick Bohan, Rob Garris, Sara Mason, and Dan McIntyre

Office of External Relations: Rob Garris, Associate Dean for External Relations and Communications JoAnn Crawford, Director of Publications and Special Events Daniela Coleman, Director of Alumni Relations Melissa Poueymirou, Major Gifts Officer

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