DOCSLIB.ORG

Copyright by Breton Adam Langendorfer 2012

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Copyright by Breton Adam Langendorfer 2012 Copyright by Breton Adam Langendorfer 2012 The Thesis Committee for Breton Adam Langendorfer Certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Who Builds Assyria: Nurture and Control in Sennacherib’s Great Relief at Khinnis APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Supervisor: Nassos Papalexandrou Penelope Davies Who Builds Assyria: Nurture and Control in Sennacherib’s Great Relief at Khinnis by Breton Adam Langendorfer, B.A. Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin May 2012 “…how are we here, when the vessel in which we rode plunged down so long a tunnel?” He shrugged my question aside. “Why should gravity serve Urth when it can serve Typhon?” –Gene Wolfe, The Book of the New Sun Acknowledgements It is a privilege and a pleasure to thank the many people without whom this thesis could not have been written. First and foremost I wish to thank my advisor, Nassos Papalexandrou. His generosity, unflagging encouragement, and boundless intellectual curiosity have been a source of inspiration to me, and have enriched my future immeasurably. Penelope Davies has my deep thanks for her expert and invaluable reading of this work. I also wish to thank professors John R. Clarke, Stephennnie Mulder, Rabun Taylor, and especially Glenn Peers, who gave me the confidence to first enter the City of Ideas. Jessamine Batario, Taylor Bradley, Alex Grimley, Claire Howard, Jeannie McKetta, Jared Richardson and Margaret Wardlaw have all given me their warm friendship, humor, and support, and I am glad to have the opportunity to thank them for it. This work is dedicated to my parents, Keith and Bonnie Langendorfer, for reasons that could never be adequately listed here. v Abstract Who Builds Assyria: Nurture and Control in Sennacherib’s Great Relief at Khinnis Breton Adam Langendorfer, M.A. The University of Texas at Austin, 2012 Supervisor: Nassos Papalexandrou Located in an isolated gorge in Iraqi Kurdistan, the Neo-Assyrian rock reliefs at Khinnis are unusual for their size, shape, and subject matter. The most striking of these is the enormous Great Relief, the largest single Assyrian sculpture in existence, which depicts a pair of gods attended by the duplicated figure of the Assyrian king. Both the Great Relief and the other sculptures of the Khinnis site were carved on the orders of Sennacherib (r. 705-688 BCE), to commemorate the canal head he constructed there. The Great Relief itself was positioned over the exact juncture wherein the waters of the river Gomel were canalized and sent on their way towards Nineveh, designated by Sennacherib as Assyria’s new imperial capital, irrigating fields and orchards along the way. In this thesis I examine the composition and iconography of the Great Relief, both in the context of Sennacherib’s irrigation programs and the inscription carved at the Khinnis site. This inscription contains a curiously bifurcated account of both vi Sennacherib’s civil works in Assyria and his brutal sack of Babylon in 689. In both cases, Sennacherib emphasizes his ingenious technical ability to manipulate water for the benefit of the Assyrian state, either through the creative irrigation of the Assyrian heartland and the new capital, or the destructive flooding and leveling of Babylon. I argue that the dichotomy presented by these activities, a dualism of “nurture and control” through technical expertise, is a persistent theme throughout the rhetoric of Sennacherib’s inscriptions and reliefs. Through a close analysis of the Khinnis inscription, the Assyrian tradition of landscape sculpture, and the emblematic and narrative strategies employed in palatial relief programs, I argue that the Great Relief at Khinnis is an emblematic image of the dualistic ideology of Sennacherib’s reign. Ultimately, the Great Relief stands as a carefully devised visual statement about the nature of state power, consciously created by Sennacherib to signal his conceptual re-founding of the Assyrian empire. vii Table of Contents List of Figures ........................................................................................................ ix Introduction ..............................................................................................................1 Chapter 1: The Site of Khinnis ................................................................................8 Chapter 2: The Khinnis Inscription........................................................................26 The Titulary .........................................................................................30 Nineveh and its Irrigation Works .........................................................35 “The Technical Function of Power” ....................................................44 The Blooming of Nineveh ...................................................................49 Divine Aid ............................................................................................55 Halule and Enūma Eliš.........................................................................62 The Sack of Babylon ............................................................................68 Logistical Power ..................................................................................73 Chapter 3: Assyrian Relief in Landscape and Palace ............................................77 Sculptural Context: The Peripheral Monuments..................................80 The Emblem .........................................................................................89 The Sacred Tree ...................................................................................92 Sculptural Context: The “Palace Without Rival” ..............................102 Chapter 4: Gods, Ilus and the Great Relief ..........................................................120 Nurture and Control ...........................................................................132 Conclusion ...........................................................................................................136 Appendix: The Khinnis Inscription .....................................................................188 Bibliography ........................................................................................................191 viii List of Figures Figure 1: Map of the Assyrian heartland, with the major canals indicated in bold black lines. After Bagg, 2003 .........................................................145 Figure 2: Bachmann's plan of the site of Khinnis, with the Great Relief carved at the point labeled "grossen Relief." After Bachmann, 1927. .................146 Figure 3: The Great Relief. After Bachmann, 1927..........................................147 Figure 4: Diagram of the Great Relief. After Bachmann, 1927. .......................148 Figure 5: Detail of the vegetal object held by Mullissu. After Bachmann, 1927.149 Figure 6: View of Khinnis from the east, with the Great Relief locate left of center. After Bachmann, 1927. ...................................................................150 Figure 7: View of Khinnis from the south, with the Great Relief left of center and the Rider Relief at far left. After Bachmann, 1927. ........................150 Figure 8: View of the Great Relief and the sculpted weir block, or Gate Relief, at lower left. After Bachmmann, 1927. ..............................................151 Figure 9: Diagram of the lion posts. After Bachmmann, 1927. ........................152 Figure 10: Diagram of the Rider Relief. After Bachmmann, 1927. .................152 Figure 11: Diagram of the Gate Relief. After Bachmmann, 1927. ...................153 Figure 12: One of the king niches. After Bachmmann, 1927. ..........................154 Figure 13: Diagram of the king niche. After Bachmmann, 1927. ....................154 Figure 14: L. W. King’s diagram of Khinnis looking from the east. After Bachmmann, 1927. .........................................................................155 Figure 15: The gateway of Sargon II’s palace at Khorsabad. After Russell, 1991.155 Figure 16: Bachmann’s rendition of how the Gartental might have appeared. After Bachmann, 1927. ............................................................................156 ix Figure 17: Diagram of the proposed course of the canal through the Khinnis site, leaving the Gomel under the cluster of reliefs. After Jacobsen and Lloyd, 1935.................................................................................................157 Figure 18: Diagram of the Gate Relief’s function as a weir for the canal. After Jacobsen and Lloyd, 1935. ..............................................................158 Figure 19: King niche 4, which contains fragments of the Khinnis inscription written over the king’s figure in the lower half of the image. After Bachmann, 1927. ............................................................................159 Figure 20: Relief image of Sennacherib travelling through an artificial marsh created near Nineveh. Palace Without Rival, Court VI, slab 61. After Barnett et al., 1998. .........................................................................160 Figure 21: Assyrian workmen carve a peripheral salam šarrutiya into the wall of the Tigris Tunnel, on a band from the Balawat Gates. After Börker-Klahn, 1982.................................................................................................161 Figure 22:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Namzitara FS Kilmer
    Offprint from STRINGS AND THREADS A Celebration of the Work of Anne Draffkorn Kilmer Edited by WOLFGANG HEIMPEL and GABRIELLA FRANTZ - SZABÓ Winona Lake, Indiana EISENBRAUNS 2011 © 2011 by Eisenbrauns Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America www.eisenbrauns.com Drawing on the cover and beneath the title on p. iii by Cornelia Wolff, Munich, after C. L. Wooley, Ur Excavations 2 (1934), 105. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Strings and threads : a celebration of the work of Anne Draffkorn Kilmer / edited by Wolfgang Heimpel and Gabriella Frantz-Szabó. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-57506-227-3 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Kilmer, Anne Draffkorn. 2. Music—Middle East—History and criticism. 3. Music archaeology— Middle East. I. Kilmer, Anne Draffkorn. II. Heimpel, Wolfgang. III. Frantz-Szabó, Gabriella. ML55.K55S77 2011 780.9—dc22 2011036676 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. †Ê Contents Preface .............................................................. vii Abbreviations ......................................................... ix GUITTY AZARPAY The Imagery of the Manichean ‘Call’ on a Sogdian Funerary Relief from China ................ 1 DOMINIQUE COLLON Chinless Wonders ................................ 19 JERROLD S. COOPER Puns and Prebends: The Tale of Enlil and Namzitara. 39 RICHARD L. CROCKER No Polyphony before A.D. 900! ...................... 45 DANIEL A. FOXVOG Aspects of Name-Giving in Presargonic Lagash ........ 59 JOHN CURTIS FRANKLIN “Sweet Psalmist of Israel”: The Kinnôr and Royal Ideology in the United Monarchy .............. 99 ELLEN HICKMANN Music Archaeology as a Field of Interdisciplinary Research ........................
    [Show full text]
  • The Lost Book of Enki.Pdf
    L0ST BOOK °f6NK1 ZECHARIA SITCHIN author of The 12th Planet • . FICTION/MYTHOLOGY $24.00 TH6 LOST BOOK OF 6NK! Will the past become our future? Is humankind destined to repeat the events that occurred on another planet, far away from Earth? Zecharia Sitchin’s bestselling series, The Earth Chronicles, provided humanity’s side of the story—as recorded on ancient clay tablets and other Sumerian artifacts—concerning our origins at the hands of the Anunnaki, “those who from heaven to earth came.” In The Lost Book of Enki, we can view this saga from a dif- ferent perspective through this richly con- ceived autobiographical account of Lord Enki, an Anunnaki god, who tells the story of these extraterrestrials’ arrival on Earth from the 12th planet, Nibiru. The object of their colonization: gold to replenish the dying atmosphere of their home planet. Finding this precious metal results in the Anunnaki creation of homo sapiens—the human race—to mine this important resource. In his previous works, Sitchin com- piled the complete story of the Anunnaki ’s impact on human civilization in peacetime and in war from the frag- ments scattered throughout Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Hittite, Egyptian, Canaanite, and Hebrew sources- —the “myths” of all ancient peoples in the old world as well as the new. Missing from these accounts, however, was the perspective of the Anunnaki themselves What was life like on their own planet? What motives propelled them to settle on Earth—and what drove them from their new home? Convinced of the existence of a now lost book that formed the basis of THE lost book of ENKI MFMOHCS XND PKjOPHeCieS OF XN eXTfCXUfCWJTWXL COD 2.6CHXPJA SITCHIN Bear & Company Rochester, Vermont — Bear & Company One Park Street Rochester, Vermont 05767 www.InnerTraditions.com Copyright © 2002 by Zecharia Sitchin All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Mesopotamian Mythology
    MESOPOTAMIAN MYTHOLOGY The myths, epics, hymns, lamentations, penitential psalms, incantations, wisdom literature, and handbooks dealing with rituals and omens of ancient Mesopotamian. The literature that has survived from Mesopotamian was written primarily on stone or clay tablets. The production and preservation of written documents were the responsibility of scribes who were associated with the temples and the palace. A sharp distinction cannot be made between religious and secular writings. The function of the temple as a food redistribution center meant that even seemingly secular shipping receipts had a religious aspect. In a similar manner, laws were perceived as given by the gods. Accounts of the victories of the kings often were associated with the favor of the gods and written in praise of the gods. The gods were also involved in the established and enforcement of treaties between political powers of the day. A large group of texts related to the interpretations of omens has survived. Because it was felt that the will of the gods could be known through the signs that the gods revealed, care was taken to collect ominous signs and the events which they preached. If the signs were carefully observed, negative future events could be prevented by the performance of appropriate apotropaic rituals. Among the more prominent of the Texts are the shumma izbu texts (“if a fetus…”) which observe the birth of malformed young of both animals and humans. Later a similar series of texts observed the physical characteristics of any person. There are also omen observations to guide the physician in the diagnosis and treatment of patients.
    [Show full text]
  • After the Battle Is Over: the Stele of the Vultures and the Beginning Of
    To raise the ofthe natureof narrative is to invite After the Battle Is Over: The Stele question reflectionon the verynature of culture. Hayden White, "The Value of Narrativity . ," 1981 of the Vultures and the Beginning of Historical Narrative in the Art Definitions of narrative, generallyfalling within the purviewof literarycriticism, are nonethelessimportant to of the Ancient Near East arthistorians. From the simpleststarting point, "for writing to be narrative,no moreand no less thana tellerand a tale are required.'1 Narrativeis, in otherwords, a solutionto " 2 the problemof "how to translateknowing into telling. In general,narrative may be said to make use ofthird-person cases and of past tenses, such that the teller of the story standssomehow outside and separatefrom the action.3But IRENE J. WINTER what is importantis thatnarrative cannot be equated with thestory alone; it is content(story) structured by the telling, University of Pennsylvania forthe organization of the story is whatturns it into narrative.4 Such a definitionwould seem to providefertile ground forart-historical inquiry; for what, after all, is a paintingor relief,if not contentordered by the telling(composition)? Yet, not all figuraiworks "tell" a story.Sometimes they "refer"to a story;and sometimesthey embody an abstract concept withoutthe necessaryaction and settingof a tale at all. For an investigationof visual representation, it seems importantto distinguishbetween instancesin which the narrativeis vested in a verbal text- the images servingas but illustrationsof the text,not necessarily"narrative" in themselves,but ratherreferences to the narrative- and instancesin whichthe narrativeis located in the represen- tations,the storyreadable throughthe images. In the specificcase of the ancientNear East, instances in whichnarrative is carriedthrough the imageryitself are rare,reflecting a situationfundamentally different from that foundsubsequently in the West, and oftenfrom that found in the furtherEast as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 6: Ancient Sumer Ancient Civilizations Options 5000BCE – 1940BCE
    Unit 6: Ancient Sumer Ancient Civilizations Options 5000BCE – 1940BCE Period Overview The Ancient Sumer civilization grew up around the Euphretes and Tigris rivers in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), because of its natural fertility. It is often called the ‘cradle of civilization’. By 3000BCE the area was inhabited by 12 main city states, with most developing a monarchical system. The fertility of the soil in the area allowed the societies to devote their attention to other things, and so the Sumer is renowned for its innovation. The clock system we use today of 60-minute hours was devised by Ancient Sumerians, as was writing and the recording of a number system. The civilization began to decline after the invasion of the city states by Sargon I in around 2330BCE, bringing them into the Akkadian Empire. A later Sumerian revival occurred in the area. Life in Ancient Sumer Changing Times Although starting out as small villages and groups of During the 5th Millennium BCE, Sumerians began to hunter-gatherers, Sumer is notable because of its develop large towns which became city-states. This development into a chain of cities. Within the cities the was made by possible by their systems of cultivation of advantages of communal living soon allowed crops, including some of the world’s earliest irrigation individuals to take on other roles than farming, and a systems. These developing communities then were society of classes developed. At the top of the class able to devote time to pursuits other than gathering system were the king and his family, and the priests.
    [Show full text]
  • The Behistun Inscription and the Res Gestae Divi Augusti
    Phasis 15-16, 2012-2013 Δημήτριος Μαντζίλας (Θράκη) The Behistun Inscription and the Res Gestae Divi Augusti Intertextuality between Greek and Latin texts is well known and – in recent decades – has been well studied. It seems though that common elements also appear in earlier texts, from other, mostly oriental countries, such as Egypt, Persia or Israel. In this article we intend to demonstrate the case of a Persian and a Latin text, in order to support the hypothesis of a common Indo-European literature (in addition to an Indo-European mythology and language). The Behistun Inscription,1 whose name comes from the anglicized version of Bistun or Bisutun (Bagastana in Old Persian), meaning “the place or land of gods”, is a multi-lingual inscription (being thus an equivalent of the Rosetta stone) written in three different cuneiform script extinct languages: Old Persian, Elamite (Susian), and Babylonian (Accadian).2 A fourth version is an Aramaic translation found on the 1 For the text see Adkins L., Empires of the Plain: Henry Rawlinson and the Lost Languages of Babylon, New York 2003; Rawlinson H. C., Archaeologia, 1853, vol. xxxiv, 74; Campbell Thompson R., The Rock of Behistun, In Sir J. A. Hammerton (ed.), Wonders of the Past, New York 1937, II, 760–767; Cameron G. G., Darius Carved History on Ageless Rock, National Geographic Magazine, 98 (6), December 1950, 825– 844; Rubio G., Writing in Another Tongue: Alloglottography in the Ancient Near East, in: S. Sanders (ed.), Margins of Writing, Origins of Cultures, Chicago 2007², 33–70 (= OIS, 2); Hinz W., Die Behistan-Inschrift des Darius, AMI, 7, 1974, 121-134 (translation).
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of the Babylonian Creation Myth1 Fresh-Water
    A Synopsis of the Babylonian Creation Myth1 Fresh-Water Apsu and Marine-Water Mummu-Tiamat com- mingled and produced the gods Lah.mu and Lah.amu Anshar and Kishar Sky Anu Nudimud = Earth and Water God Ea, “the all-wise” and Enki (Wisdom) They became one big noisy family! So noisy and dysfunc- tional that Father Apsu could not stand it. He wanted the two generations of the gods silenced — by killing them: Their ways are verily loathsome unto me. By day I find no relief, nor repose by night. I will destroy, I will wreck their ways, That quiet may be restored, Let us have rest!” Vizier Mummu advised: Do destroy, my father,” the mutinous ways. Then shalt thou have relief by day and rest at night! When Apsu heard this, his face grew radiant because of the evil he planned against the gods, his sons. But Ea, learning of Grandfather Apsu’s desire to silence/ eliminated the family, slew Apsu before Apsu could slay them. The murdered Apsu becomes Ea’s abode. The god Kingu (also called Weila) married “widow” Tiamat and inspired Tiamat to avenge Apsu’s death. Concurring with Kingu, Tiamat sought to destroy her offspring, so her children and grandchildren wanted to kill her before she can kill them. But Tiamat was too powerful for any or all of them until McDaniel Aug 2002 2 BABYLONIAN CREATION MYTH Marduk (“My son, the Sun! The Sun of the heavens”) was born of Ea and Daminkina. The mighty Marduk was strong enough to slay Tiamat. He used the four winds (Whirlwind, Hurricane, Cyclone, Tornado) and four horsemen (Swift, Relentless, Trampling, Killer), which “bearing poison they were versed in ravage, in destruction skilled” (see Tablet III, lines 30-66, ANET 61–67).
    [Show full text]
  • Myths & Legends of Babylonia & Assyria
    Myths & Legends of Babylonia & Assyria by Lewis Spence Myths & Legends Of Babylonia & Assyria CHAPTER I: BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA IN HISTORY AND LEGEND To our fathers until well-nigh a century ago Babylon was no more than a mighty name—a gigantic skeleton whose ribs protruded here and there from the sands of Syria in colossal ruin of tower and temple. But now the grey shroud which hid from view the remains of the glow and glitter of her ancient splendour has to some extent been withdrawn, and through the labours of a band of scholars and explorers whose lives and work must be classed as among the most romantic passages in the history of human effort we are now enabled to view the wondrous panorama of human civilization as it evolved in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates. The name 'Babylon' carries with it the sound of a deep, mysterious spell, such a conjuration as might be uttered in the recesses of secret temples. It awakens a thousand echoes in the imagination. It holds a music richer than that of Egypt. Babylon, Babylon—the sonorous charm of the word is as a line from some great epic. It falls on the ear of the historian like distant thunder. Behind the grandeur of Rome and the beauty of Greece it looms as a great and thick darkness over which flash at intervals streams of uncertain light as half-forgotten kings and priests, conquerors and tyrants, demi-gods and mighty builders pass through the gloom from obscurity to obscurity—sometimes in the full glare of historical recognition, but more often in the half-light and partially relieved dusk of uncertainty.
    [Show full text]
  • Entemena Was the Fifth Ruler of the So-Called Urnanse Dynasty in The
    ON THE MEANING OF THE OFFERINGS FOR THE STATUE OF ENTEMENA TOSHIKO KOBAYASHI I. Introduction Entemena was the fifth ruler of the so-called Urnanse dynasty in the Pre- Sargonic Lagas and his reign seemed to be prosperous as same as that of Ean- natum, his uncle. After the short reign of Enannatum II, his son, Enentarzi who had been sanga (the highest administrator) of the temple of Ningirsu became ensi. Then, his son Lugalanda suceeded him, but was soon deprived of his political power by Uruinimgina. The economic-administrative archives(1) of Lagas which are the most important historical materials for the history of the Sumerian society were written during a period of about twenty years from Enentarzi to Urui- nimgina, and a greater part of those belong to the organization called e-mi (the house of the wife (of the ruler)). Among those, there exist many texts called nig-gis-tag-ga texts,(2) which record offerings to deities, temples and so on mainly on festivals. In those we can find that statues of Entemena and others receive offerings. I will attempt to discuss the meaning of offerings to these statues, especially that of Entemena in this article. II. The statues in nig-gis-tag-ga texts 1. nig-gis-tag-ga texts These are detailed account books of the kind and the quantity of offerings which a ruler or his wife gave to deities, temples and so on. We find a brief and compact summarization of the content at the end of the text, such as follows: DP 53, XIX, 1) ezem-munu4-ku- 2) dnanse-ka 3) bar-nam-tar-ra 4) dam-lugal- an-da 5) ensi- 6) lagaski-ka-ke4 7) gis be-tag(3) III "At the festival of eating malt of Nanse, Barnamtarra, wife of Lugalanda, ensi of Lagas, made the sacrifice (of them)." Though the agent who made the sacrifice in the texts is almost always a wife of a ruler, there remain four texts, BIN 8, 371; Nik.
    [Show full text]
  • " King of Kish" in Pre-Sarogonic Sumer
    "KING OF KISH" IN PRE-SAROGONIC SUMER* TOHRU MAEDA Waseda University 1 The title "king of Kish (lugal-kiski)," which was held by Sumerian rulers, seems to be regarded as holding hegemony over Sumer and Akkad. W. W. Hallo said, "There is, moreover, some evidence that at the very beginning of dynastic times, lower Mesopotamia did enjoy a measure of unity under the hegemony of Kish," and "long after Kish had ceased to be the seat of kingship, the title was employed to express hegemony over Sumer and Akked and ulti- mately came to signify or symbolize imperial, even universal, dominion."(1) I. J. Gelb held similar views.(2) The problem in question is divided into two points: 1) the hegemony of the city of Kish in early times, 2) the title "king of Kish" held by Sumerian rulers in later times. Even earlier, T. Jacobsen had largely expressed the same opinion, although his opinion differed in some detail from Hallo's.(3) Hallo described Kish's hegemony as the authority which maintained harmony between the cities of Sumer and Akkad in the First Early Dynastic period ("the Golden Age"). On the other hand, Jacobsen advocated that it was the kingship of Kish that brought about the breakdown of the older "primitive democracy" in the First Early Dynastic period and lead to the new pattern of rule, "primitive monarchy." Hallo seems to suggest that the Early Dynastic I period was not the period of a primitive community in which the "primitive democracy" was realized, but was the period of class society in which kingship or political power had already been formed.
    [Show full text]
  • Private and State in the Ancient Near East
    Offprint from Private and State in the Ancient Near East Proceedings of the 58th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale at Leiden 16–20 July 2012 edited by R. DE BOER AND J. G. DERCKSEN Winona Lake, Indiana EISENBRAUNS 2017 © 2017 by Eisenbrauns Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America www.eisenbrauns.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Rencontre assyriologique internationale (58th : 2012 : Leiden, Netherlands) | Boer, R. de (Rients), editor. | Dercksen, Jan Gerrit, editor. Title: Private and state in the ancient Near East : proceedings of the 58th Rencontre assyriologique internationale at Leiden, 16–20 July 2012 / edited by R. de Boer and J. G. Dercksen. Description: Winona Lake, Indiana : Eisenbrauns, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: LCCN 2017032823 (print) | LCCN 2017034599 (ebook) | ISBN 9781575067858 (ePDF) | ISBN 9781575067841 | ISBN 9781575067841 (cloth : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Assyriology—Congresses. | Iraq—History—To 634—Congresses. | Iraq—Civilization—To 634—Congresses. Classification: LCC DS71 (ebook) | LCC DS71 .R47 2012 (print) | DDC 935/.03—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017032823 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48–1984. ♾ ™ Contents Foreword . vii Abbreviations . ix Program . xiii Part 1 OPENING LECTURES Die Gesellschaft Mesopotamiens in der Zeit der Wende vom 3. zum 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr. zwischen Theorie und Lebenswirklichkeit . 3 HANS NEUMANN Private and State in the Second Millennium B.C. from an Archaeological Perspective . 21 ADElhEID OTTO The State and Its Subjects under the Neo-Babylonian Empire . 43 MICHAEL JURSA Part 2 PAPERS Mesopotamian Divinatory Inquiry: A Private or a State Matter? .
    [Show full text]
  • Press Release
    NEWS FROM THE GETTY news.getty.edu | [email protected] DATE: September xx, 2019 MEDIA CONTACT FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Desiree Zenowich Getty Communications (310) 440-7304 [email protected] MAGNIFICENT ASSYRIAN PALACE RELIEFS ON VIEW AT THE GETTY VILLA Masterworks on special loan from the British Museum in London Assyria: Palace Art of Ancient Iraq At the Getty Villa October 2, 2019–September 5, 2022 LOS ANGELES - In the ninth to seventh centuries B.C., the Assyrians, based in northern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), forged a great empire that extended at its height from Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, and parts of Turkey in the west, through Iraq to the mountains of Iran and Armenia in the east. To glorify their reigns, the Assyrian rulers built Royal Lion Hunt, 875 - 860 B.C, Unknown. Assyrian. Gypsum Dimensions: Object: H: 95.8 Å~ W: 137.2 Å~ D: 20.3 cm (37 11/16 Å~ 54 Å~ 8 majestic palaces adorned with in.) British Museum [1849,1222.8] [1849]. Image © The Trustees of the British Museum. Accession No. VEX.2019.2.1 relief sculptures that portray the king as a mighty warrior and hunter, and confront visitors with imposing images of winged bulls, demons and other mythological guardians. Assyria: Palace Art of Ancient Iraq, on view at the Getty Villa October 2, 2019 to September 5, 2022, presents a selection of these famous relief sculptures as a special loan from the British Museum in London. Among the greatest masterpieces of Mesopotamian art, th the Assyrian reliefs have, since their discovery in the mid-19 century, fascinated viewers with The J.
    [Show full text]