Modeling of High-Efficiency Multi-Junction Polymer and Hybrid
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I OPTIMIZATION of ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS a DISSERTATION
OPTIMIZATION OF ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Seung Bum Rim March 2010 i © 2010 by Seung Bum Rim. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/yx656fs6181 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Peter Peumans, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Michael McGehee I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Philip Wong Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in University Archives. iii Abstract Organic solar cell is a promising technology because the versatility of organic materials in terms of the tunability of their electrical and optical properties and because of their relative insensitivity to film imperfections which potentially allows for very low-cost high-throughput roll-to-roll processing. -
National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Sweden 2015
National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Sweden 2015 Prepared by Johan Lindahl Table of contents Table of contents .................................................................................................................. 1 Foreword ............................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4 1 Installation data .................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Applications for Photovoltaics ................................................................................. 5 1.2 Total photovoltaic power installed .......................................................................... 5 1.2.1 Method ........................................................................................................ 5 1.2.2 The Swedish PV market ............................................................................... 5 1.2.3 Swedish PV market segments ..................................................................... 9 1.2.4 The geographical distribution of PV in Sweden .......................................... 10 1.2.5 PV in the broader Swedish energy market .................................................. 12 2 Competitiveness of PV electricity ......................................................................................... 13 2.1 Module -
Solar PV Technology Development Report 2020
EUR 30504 EN This publication is a Technical report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. For information on the methodology and quality underlying the data used in this publication for which the source is neither Eurostat nor other Commission services, users should contact the referenced source. The designations employed and the presentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Contact information Name: Nigel TAYLOR Address: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy Email: [email protected] Name: Maria GETSIOU Address: European Commission DG Research and Innovation, Brussels, Belgium Email: [email protected] EU Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC123157 EUR 30504 EN ISSN 2600-0466 PDF ISBN 978-92-76-27274-8 doi:10.2760/827685 ISSN 1831-9424 (online collection) ISSN 2600-0458 Print ISBN 978-92-76-27275-5 doi:10.2760/215293 ISSN 1018-5593 (print collection) Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2020 © European Union, 2020 The reuse policy of the European Commission is implemented by the Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. -
Flexible Perovskite Hybrid Solar Cells Through Organic
FLEXIBLE PEROVSKITE HYBRID SOLAR CELLS THROUGH ORGANIC SALT TREATED CONDUCTING POLYMER AS THE TRANSPARENT ELECTRODE A Thesis Presented to The Department of Polymer Engineering of the University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Zixu Huang April 2018 i FLEXIBLE PEROVSKITE HYBRID SOLAR CELLS THROUGH ORGANIC SALT TREATED CONDUCTING POLYMER AS THE TRANSPARENT ELECTRODE Zixu Huang Thesis Approved: Accepted: _________________________ ________________________ Advisor Dean of College Dr. Xiong Gong Dr. Eric J. Amis _________________________ _________________________ Faculty Reader Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Ruel McKenzie Dr. Chand K. Midha _________________________ _________________________ Department Chair Date Dr. Sadhan C. Jana ii FLEXIBLE PEROVSKITE HYBRID SOLAR CELLS THROUGH ORGANIC SALT TREATED CONDUCTING POLYMER AS THE TRANSPARENT ELECTRODE Zixu Huang Thesis Approved: Accepted: _________________________ _________________________ Advisor Department Chair Dr. Xiong Gong Dr. Sadhan C. Jana _________________________ _________________________ Committee Member Dean of College Dr. Ruel McKenzie Dr. Eric J. Amis _________________________ _________________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Jiahua Zhu Dr. Chand K. Midha _________________________ Date iii ABSTRACT Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been widely researched due to its low fabrication cost and impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the past 9 years. However, most of the PSCs -
Renewable Energy Conversion with Hybrid Solar Cell and Fuel Cell
Proceeding The 1st IBSC: Towards The Extended Use Of Basic Science For Enhancing 188 Health, Environment, Energy And Biotechnology ISBN: 978-602-60569-5-5 Renewable Energy Conversion with hybrid Solar Cell and Fuel Cell Aris Ansori1, Indra Herlamba Siregar1, Subuh Isnur Haryuda2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Surabaya University, Indonesia. 2 Department of Mechanical Electrical, State Surabaya University, Indonesia. e-mail: [email protected] Abstract— The greater the electrical energy consumption by growth in industrial and residential areas. Potential for solar energy 4.5 KW/m2/day can be converted into electrical energy with a solar cell, biofuel energy can be converted into electrical energy with a fuel cell. solar cell and fuel cell can be used for power generation hybrid renewable energy. Research experiment with designing hybrid renewable energy power plants. Research variable; a) the independent variable; variation of the load ,10 watt, 15 watt, 25 watt, 35 watt, 40 watt; b). The dependent variable: the performance of renewable energy power plants; c) Control variables: capacity 200Wp solar cell and fuel cell 12 watt. The results of the research performance of renewable energy power plants to the electrical energy produced by solar cell range 146,80 - 168,92 watt. Average per day to produce electricity of 168.92 watts x 6 hours of irradiation = 1013.54 Wh. While the fuel cell average of 9.43 watts used to supply electrical energy when the solar cell does not produce electricity. The electrical energy stored in the battery can be turned 125 watt load for 8 hours. Keywords— renewable energy, energy conversion, solar cell, fuel cell INTRODUCTION Indonesia is one of the countries with the potential of renewable energy. -
Organic Tandem Solar Cells: Design and Formation
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Organic Tandem Solar Cells: Design and Formation Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5s129177 Author Chen, Chun-Chao Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Organic Tandem Solar Cells: Design and Formation A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Materials Science and Engineering by Chun-Chao Chen 2015 © Copyright by Chun-Chao Chen 2015 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Organic Tandem Solar Cells: Design and Formation by Chun-Chao Chen Doctor of Philosophy in Materials Science and Engineering University of California, Los Angeles, 2015 Professor Yang Yang, Chair In the past decade, research on organic solar cells has gone through an important development stage leading to major enhancements in power conversion efficiency, from 4% to 9% in single-junction devices. During this period, there are many novel processing techniques and device designs that have been proposed and adapted in organic solar-cell devices. One well- known device architecture that helps maximize the solar cell efficiency is the multi-junction tandem solar-cell design. Given this design, multiple photoactive absorbers as subcells are stacked in a monolithic fashion and assembled via series connection into one complete device, known as the tandem solar cell. Since multiple absorbers with different optical energy bandgaps are being applied in one tandem solar-cell device, the corresponding solar cell efficiency is maximized through expanded absorption spectrum and reduced carrier thermalization loss. ii In Chapter 3, the architecture of solution-processible, visibly transparent solar cells is introduced. -
Polymeric Materials for Conversion of Electromagnetic Waves from the Sun to Electric Power
polymers Review Polymeric Materials for Conversion of Electromagnetic Waves from the Sun to Electric Power SK Manirul Haque 1, Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey 2, Yunusa Umar 1 ID , Habibur Rahman 3, Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’ud 4,*, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki 5 ID and Ricardo Albarracín 6 ID 1 Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Jubail Industrial College, P.O. Box 10099, Jubail 31961, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (S.M.H.); [email protected] (Y.U.) 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Santiago de Chile 8940000, Chile; [email protected] 3 Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, P.O. Box 10099, Jubail 31961, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 4 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Jubail Industrial College, P.O. Box 10099, Jubail 319261, Saudi Arabia 5 School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7QB, Scotland, UK; [email protected] 6 Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica, Automática y Física Aplicada, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Diseño Industrial, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ronda de Valencia 3, 28012 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +966-53-813-8814 Received: 10 February 2018; Accepted: 6 March 2018; Published: 12 March 2018 Abstract: Solar photoelectric energy converted into electricity requires large surface areas with incident light and flexible materials to capture these light emissions. Currently, sunlight rays are converted to electrical energy using silicon polymeric material with efficiency up to 22%. The majority of the energy is lost during conversion due to an energy gap between sunlight photons and polymer energy transformation. -
An Efficient Descriptor Model for Designing Materials for Solar Cells
www.nature.com/npjcompumats All rights reserved 2057-3960/15 ARTICLE OPEN An efficient descriptor model for designing materials for solar cells Fahhad H Alharbi1,2, Sergey N Rashkeev2, Fedwa El-Mellouhi2, Hans P Lüthi3, Nouar Tabet1,2 and Sabre Kais1,2 An efficient descriptor model for fast screening of potential materials for solar cell applications is presented. It works for both excitonic and non-excitonic solar cells materials, and in addition to the energy gap it includes the absorption spectrum (α(E)) of the material. The charge transport properties of the explored materials are modelled using the characteristic diffusion length (Ld) determined for the respective family of compounds. The presented model surpasses the widely used Scharber model developed for bulk heterojunction solar cells. Using published experimental data, we show that the presented model is more accurate in predicting the achievable efficiencies. To model both excitonic and non-excitonic systems, two different sets of parameters are used to account for the different modes of operation. The analysis of the presented descriptor model clearly shows the benefitof including α(E) and Ld in view of improved screening results. npj Computational Materials (2015) 1, 15003; doi:10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.3; published online 25 November 2015 INTRODUCTION open-circuit voltage (Voc) is assumed to be a fixed reduction of Eg There has been a remarkable thrust towards developing cost- defined (by the Scharber model) as the difference between the effective photovoltaics in the past two decades.1–5 Different highest occupied molecular orbital of the donor and the lowest materials and device concepts have been deployed and the unoccupied molecular orbital of the acceptor. -
Technical Program Monday, June 15Th
42ND IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE TECHNICAL PROGRAM MONDAY, JUNE 15TH 2 MONDAY, JUNE 15TH Monday, June 15, 2015 Keynote - Keynote 8:15 - 8:30 AM Empire Ballroom Highlights & Announcements Chair(s): Alexandre Freundlich 8:15 Conference Welcome Steven Ringel1, Alexandre Freundlich2 1General Conference Chair , 2Program Chair 8:20 IEEE Electron Device Society and IEEE Photonics Society Welcome Address Dalma Novak1, Christopher Jannuzzi2 1IEEE Photonics Society , 2IEEE Electron Device Society 8:25 Technical Program Highlights Alexandre Freundlich 42nd IEEE PVSC Program Chair Area 3 - Plenary 8:30 - 9:00 AM Empire Ballroom Area 3 Plenary Chair(s): Paul Sharps (1) Challenges and Perspectives of CPV Technology Andreas W. Bett Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany Area 2 - Plenary 9:00 - 9:30 AM Empire Ballroom Area 2 Plenary Chair(s): Sylvain Marsillac (2) Polarization Probes Polycrystalline PV Performance Precisely Robert W. Collins University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States Area 9 - Plenary 9:30 - 10:00 AM Empire Ballroom Area 9 Plenary Chair(s): Clifford Hansen 9:30 (3) Challenges and Opportunities of High-Performance Solar Cells and PV Modules in Large Volume Production Pierre J. Verlinden State Key Laboratory of PV Science and Technology, Trina Solar, Changzhou, China 3 MONDAY, JUNE 15TH Break 10:00 - 10:30 AM Empire Ballroom Foyer (Level 2) Coffee Break Keynote - Keynote 10:30 - 12:00 PM Empire Ballroom Opening Keynotes 10:30 (4) Opening Remarks Steven A. Ringel 42nd IEEE PVSC Conference Chair 10:40 (5) Keynote I: Changing -
Design and Development of Efficient Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT SOLID-STATE DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS By Wen Yuan A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Chemistry – Doctor of Philosophy 2013 ABSTRACT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT SOLID-STATE DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS By Wen Yuan Organic photovoltaic cell is the most promising one in the third generation solar cell. Considering the materials used for fabricating devices, it generally can be classified as two sorts. One is called full organic solar cell, which is all made by organic or polymeric molecules. The examples of this type of solar cell includes bulk heterojunction solar cell (BHJ solar cell). Another one is organic/inorganic hybrid solar cell, and most of them are composed of organic-inorganic blends. For instance, solid state dye sensitized solar cell (ss-DSSC) is made by porous dye-coated inorganic semiconductor and then infiltrating organic conductor into it. One of the most commonly-used organic hole conductor is spiro-MeOTAD (2, 2’, 7, 7’ –tetrakis (N, N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine) 9, 9’-spirobifluorene). The ss-DSSC made by spiro-MeOTAD already reached an average power conversion efficiency around 3-4% and a record efficiency of 7.2% from Gratzel’s group. However it is still below a desired level for manufacturing usage. This dissertation presents three approaches to optimize the ss-DSSC: Increasing fill factor in ss-DSSC, enhancement of light harvesting and In the first part, we first provide an overview of doping in organic or polymeric materials. Subsequently, we discuss the prior literature on p-dopants and additives incorporated into ss-DSSCs. -
Electrical and Hall Effect Study of Hybrid Solar Cell
Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, Vol. 2, No. 4, October 2014 Electrical and Hall Effect Study of Hybrid Solar Cell N. A. Nik Aziz, M. I. N. Isa, and S. Hasiah polyacetylene, poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), or poly Abstract—This work focuses on electrical and Hall Effect (p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV). Organic semiconductors have study of hybrid solar cell (HSCs). In particular, attention is attracted much attention because of their fundamental given to investigations of HSCs with the architecture combining scientific importance and impressive improvements in conjugated p-type polymer, poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), performance in a wide variety of photonic applications, such and inorganic ZnO heterojunctions with chlorophyll (CHLO) as organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), organic field-effect from marine microalgae as a dye. The films were prepared by spin coating technique and analyzed by using four point probes transistors (OFET), organic solar cells (OSC), liquid crystals, to calculate the conductivity. The results show that, the sensors, and many more[4]-[7]. Inorganic materials in hybrid conductivity was increased by the increment of light intensity cells are used as the acceptor and electron transporter in the and concentration of CHLO. Lastly, the samples were analyzed structure. The hybrid photovoltaic devices have a potential using Hall Effect measurement to calculate the highest charge for not only low-cost by roll-to-roll processing but also for carrier in the sample of hybrid solar cell. scalable solar power conversion. In hybrid solar cells, an organic material is mixed with a high electron transport Index Terms—Chloropyhll, hybrid solar cell, poly material to form the photoactive layer [8]. -
From Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells to All-Solid-State Hybrid Devices
Lessons learned: from dye-sensitized solar cells to all-solid-state hybrid devices Pablo Docampo1, Stefan Guldin2, Tomas Leijtens3, Nakita K. Noel3, Ullrich Steiner4? & Henry J. Snaith3? The field of solution processed photovoltaic cells is currently in its second spring. The dye-sensitized solar cell has been a widely studied and longstanding candidate for future energy generation. Recently, inorganic absorber- based devices have reached new record efficiencies, with the benefits of all solid-state devices. In this rapidly changing environment, this review sheds light on recent developments in all-solid-state solar cells in terms of electrode architecture, alternative sensitisers and hole-transporting materials. These concepts are of general applicability to many next generation device platforms. Introduction We will focus this discussion on understanding which Modern society is facing ever growing concerns over cli- components of the traditional ssDSSC limit device perfor- mate change caused by the combustion of fossil fuels. [1–3] mance, revise what has been done to address these issues, Of the available renewable and clean energy sources, so- and discuss why the recent development of perovskite sen- lar energy is the most abundant. In fact, coverage of less sitized solar cells appears to overcome these hurdles. We than 0.4 % of the world’s surface area would be sufficient will pinpoint the key areas for future developments in both to meet the world’s energy needs, assuming 15 % solar en- efficiency and stability of all solid-state hybrid devices. ergy conversion efficiency. It is therefore no surprise that Conclusions are applicable to a variety of next generation there has been a recent surge in the development of pho- device platforms, may they be comprised of similar mate- tovoltaic technologies.