Design PV System for Any Building: a Case Between Conventional Solar Cell and Nano Solar Cell
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
A HISTORY of the SOLAR CELL, in PATENTS Karthik Kumar, Ph.D
A HISTORY OF THE SOLAR CELL, IN PATENTS Karthik Kumar, Ph.D., Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, LLP 901 New York Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20001 [email protected] Member, Artificial Intelligence & Other Emerging Technologies Committee Intellectual Property Owners Association 1501 M St. N.W., Suite 1150, Washington, D.C. 20005 [email protected] Introduction Solar cell technology has seen exponential growth over the last two decades. It has evolved from serving small-scale niche applications to being considered a mainstream energy source. For example, worldwide solar photovoltaic capacity had grown to 512 Gigawatts by the end of 2018 (representing 27% growth from 2017)1. In 1956, solar panels cost roughly $300 per watt. By 1975, that figure had dropped to just over $100 a watt. Today, a solar panel can cost as little as $0.50 a watt. Several countries are edging towards double-digit contribution to their electricity needs from solar technology, a trend that by most accounts is forecast to continue into the foreseeable future. This exponential adoption has been made possible by 180 years of continuing technological innovation in this industry. Aided by patent protection, this centuries-long technological innovation has steadily improved solar energy conversion efficiency while lowering volume production costs. That history is also littered with the names of some of the foremost scientists and engineers to walk this earth. In this article, we review that history, as captured in the patents filed contemporaneously with the technological innovation. 1 Wiki-Solar, Utility-scale solar in 2018: Still growing thanks to Australia and other later entrants, https://wiki-solar.org/library/public/190314_Utility-scale_solar_in_2018.pdf (Mar. -
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System Safety and Fire Ground Procedures
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System Safety and Fire Ground Procedures SAN FRANCISCO FIRE DEPARTMENT blank page Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System Safety and Fire Ground Procedures April 2012 San Francisco Fire Department 698—2nd Street San Francisco, CA 94107 Chief of Department Joanne Hayes-White Assistant Deputy Chief Jose Luis Velo, Director of Training Project Manager, Paramedic Captain Jim Perry Lieutenant Dawn Dewitt, Editor Published by: Division of Training 2310 Folsom Street San Francisco, CA Phone: (415) 970-2000 April 2012 This manual is the sole property of the San Francisco Fire Department FOREWORD The goal of this manual is to establish standard operating practices as authorized by the Chief of Department and implemented by the Division of Training. The purpose of this manual is to provide all members with the essential information necessary to fulfill the duties of their positions, and to provide a standard text whereby company officers can: Enforce standard drill guidelines authorized as a basis of operation for all companies. Align company drills to standards as adopted by the Division of Training. Maintain a high degree of proficiency, both personally and among their subordinates. All manuals shall be kept up to date so that all officers may use the material contained in the various manuals to meet the requirements of their responsibility. Conditions will develop in fire fighting situations where standard methods of operation will not be applicable. Therefore, nothing contained in these manuals shall be interpreted as an obstacle to the experience, initiative, and ingenuity of officers in overcoming the complexities that exist under actual fire ground conditions. -
The Place of Photovoltaics in Poland's Energy
energies Article The Place of Photovoltaics in Poland’s Energy Mix Renata Gnatowska * and Elzbieta˙ Mory ´n-Kucharczyk Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Institute of Thermal Machinery, Cz˛estochowaUniversity of Technology, Armii Krajowej 21, 42-200 Cz˛estochowa,Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-343250534 Abstract: The energy strategy and environmental policy in the European Union are climate neutrality, low-carbon gas emissions, and an environmentally friendly economy by fighting global warming and increasing energy production from renewable sources (RES). These sources, which are characterized by high investment costs, require the use of appropriate support mechanisms introduced with suitable regulations. The article presents the current state and perspectives of using renewable energy sources in Poland, especially photovoltaic systems (PV). The specific features of Polish photovoltaics and the economic analysis of investment in a photovoltaic farm with a capacity of 1 MW are presented according to a new act on renewable energy sources. This publication shows the importance of government support that is adequate for the green energy producers. Keywords: renewable energy sources (RES); photovoltaic system (PV); energy mix; green energy 1. State of Photovoltaics Development in the World The global use of renewable energy sources (RES) is steadily increasing, which is due, among other things, to the rapid increase in demand for energy in countries that have so far been less developed [1]. Other reasons include the desire of various countries to Citation: Gnatowska, R.; become self-sufficient in energy, significant local environmental problems, as well as falling Mory´n-Kucharczyk, E. -
Design and Implementation of Reliable Solar Tree
5 IV April 2017 http://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.4184 www.ijraset.com Volume 5 Issue IV, April 2017 IC Value: 45.98 ISSN: 2321-9653 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) Design and Implementation of Reliable Solar Tree Mr. Nitesh Kumar Dixit1, Mr. Vikram Singh2, Mr. Naveen Kumar3, Mr. Manish Kumar Sunda4 1,2 Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering, 3,4 Department of Electrical Engineering, BIET Sikar Abstract: - Flat or roof top mountings of Photovoltaic (PV) structures require large location or land. Scarcity of land is greatest problem in towns or even in villages in India. Sun strength Tree presents higher opportunity to flat mounting of PV systems. For domestic lighting fixtures and other applications use of solar Tree is extra relevant whilst PV system is to be used. Sun tree is an innovative city lights idea that represents a really perfect symbiosis among pioneering layout and like-minded technology. In this paper load, PV, battery and tilt angle requirements estimated for solar tree. The optimum tilt angle for Sikar, Rajasthan calculated i.e. Latitude=27.5691 and Longitude=75.14425. The power output of 240Whr with battery unit of 30Ah, 12V was calculated. Keywords— Photovoltaic, Sun, Solar Tree, Tilt Angle, Sikar Rajasthan; I. INTRODUCTION It is a form of renewable power resource that is some degree competitive with fossil fuels. Hydro power is the force of electricity of moving water. It provides about 96% of the renewable energy in the United States. Solar electricity is available in abundance and considered as the easiest and cleanest method of tapping the renewable power. -
Demonstrating Solar Conversion Using Natural Dye Sensitizers
Demonstrating Solar Conversion Using Natural Dye Sensitizers Subject Area(s) Science & Technology, Physical Science, Environmental Science, Physics, Biology, and Chemistry Associated Unit Renewable Energy Lesson Title Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Grade Level (11th-12th) Time Required 3 hours / 3 day lab Summary Students will analyze the use of solar energy, explore future trends in solar, and demonstrate electron transfer by constructing a dye-sensitized solar cell using vegetable and fruit products. Students will analyze how energy is measured and test power output from their solar cells. Engineering Connection and Tennessee Careers An important aspect of building solar technology is the study of the type of materials that conduct electricity and understanding the reason why they conduct electricity. Within the TN-SCORE program Chemical Engineers, Biologist, Physicist, and Chemists are working together to provide innovative ways for sustainable improvements in solar energy technologies. The lab for this lesson is designed so that students apply their scientific discoveries in solar design. Students will explore how designing efficient and cost effective solar panels and fuel cells will respond to the social, political, and economic needs of society today. Teachers can use the Metropolitan Policy Program Guide “Sizing The Clean Economy: State of Tennessee” for information on Clean Economy Job Growth, TN Clean Economy Profile, and Clean Economy Employers. www.brookings.edu/metro/clean_economy.aspx Keywords Photosynthesis, power, electricity, renewable energy, solar cells, photovoltaic (PV), chlorophyll, dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) Page 1 of 10 Next Generation Science Standards HS.ESS-Climate Change and Human Sustainability HS.PS-Chemical Reactions, Energy, Forces and Energy, and Nuclear Processes HS.ETS-Engineering Design HS.ETS-ETSS- Links Among Engineering, Technology, Science, and Society Pre-Requisite Knowledge Vocabulary: Catalyst- A substance that increases the rate of reaction without being consumed in the reaction. -
Thin Film Cdte Photovoltaics and the U.S. Energy Transition in 2020
Thin Film CdTe Photovoltaics and the U.S. Energy Transition in 2020 QESST Engineering Research Center Arizona State University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Clark A. Miller, Ian Marius Peters, Shivam Zaveri TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .............................................................................................. 9 I - The Place of Solar Energy in a Low-Carbon Energy Transition ...................... 12 A - The Contribution of Photovoltaic Solar Energy to the Energy Transition .. 14 B - Transition Scenarios .................................................................................. 16 I.B.1 - Decarbonizing California ................................................................... 16 I.B.2 - 100% Renewables in Australia ......................................................... 17 II - PV Performance ............................................................................................. 20 A - Technology Roadmap ................................................................................. 21 II.A.1 - Efficiency ........................................................................................... 22 II.A.2 - Module Cost ...................................................................................... 27 II.A.3 - Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) ....................................................... 29 II.A.4 - Energy Payback Time ........................................................................ 32 B - Hot and Humid Climates ........................................................................... -
I OPTIMIZATION of ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS a DISSERTATION
OPTIMIZATION OF ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Seung Bum Rim March 2010 i © 2010 by Seung Bum Rim. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/yx656fs6181 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Peter Peumans, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Michael McGehee I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Philip Wong Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in University Archives. iii Abstract Organic solar cell is a promising technology because the versatility of organic materials in terms of the tunability of their electrical and optical properties and because of their relative insensitivity to film imperfections which potentially allows for very low-cost high-throughput roll-to-roll processing. -
Fabrication Procedure of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Fabrication procedure of dye-sensitized solar cells K.Takechi, R.Muszynski and P.V.Kamat Materials - ITO(Indium doped Tin Oxide) glass (2 x 2 cm, 2 slides for 1 cell) - Dye (Eosin Y, Eosin B, etc.) - Ethanol - TiO2 paste ¾ Suspend 3.5g of TiO2 nano-powder P25 in 15ml of ethanol. ¾ Sonicate it at least for 30 min. ¾ Add 0.5ml of titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide into the suspension. ¾ Mix until the suspension is uniform. (D.S. Zhang, T. Yoshida, T. Oekermann, K. Furuta, H. Minoura, Adv. Functional Mater., 16, 1228(2006).) - Spacer ¾ Cut a plastic film (like as Parafilm or Scotch tape) having dimensions of 1.5 cm by 2 cm. ¾ Make a hole(s) on the film. 2 cm (Example) 1 cm 1.5 cm Hole 0.6 cm - Liquid electrolyte ¾ 0.5M lithium iodide and 0.05M iodine in acetonitrile. γ-Butyrolactone or 3-methoxypropionitrile is also recommended as a solvent to improve its volatility. - Binder clips (small, 2 pieces for 1 cell) Tools - Hot plate - Pipets - Tweezers - Spatulas - Scotch tape 1. Put Scotch tape on the conducting side of ITO glass. about 10 mm 2. Put TiO2 paste and flatten it with a razor blade on the same side of the ITO glass. 3. Put this electrode on top of a hot plate and heat it at approximately 150 °C for 10 min. 4. Prepare a dye solution. (Ex. 20mL of 1 mM eosin Y in ethanol) Eosin Y Eosin B Eosin B in ethanol (Mw=691.85) (Mw=624.06) 5. Dip the TiO2 electrode into the dye solution for 10 min. -
National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Sweden 2015
National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Sweden 2015 Prepared by Johan Lindahl Table of contents Table of contents .................................................................................................................. 1 Foreword ............................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4 1 Installation data .................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Applications for Photovoltaics ................................................................................. 5 1.2 Total photovoltaic power installed .......................................................................... 5 1.2.1 Method ........................................................................................................ 5 1.2.2 The Swedish PV market ............................................................................... 5 1.2.3 Swedish PV market segments ..................................................................... 9 1.2.4 The geographical distribution of PV in Sweden .......................................... 10 1.2.5 PV in the broader Swedish energy market .................................................. 12 2 Competitiveness of PV electricity ......................................................................................... 13 2.1 Module -
Solar PV Technology Development Report 2020
EUR 30504 EN This publication is a Technical report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. For information on the methodology and quality underlying the data used in this publication for which the source is neither Eurostat nor other Commission services, users should contact the referenced source. The designations employed and the presentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Contact information Name: Nigel TAYLOR Address: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy Email: [email protected] Name: Maria GETSIOU Address: European Commission DG Research and Innovation, Brussels, Belgium Email: [email protected] EU Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC123157 EUR 30504 EN ISSN 2600-0466 PDF ISBN 978-92-76-27274-8 doi:10.2760/827685 ISSN 1831-9424 (online collection) ISSN 2600-0458 Print ISBN 978-92-76-27275-5 doi:10.2760/215293 ISSN 1018-5593 (print collection) Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2020 © European Union, 2020 The reuse policy of the European Commission is implemented by the Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. -
Application of Photovoltaic Systems for Agriculture: a Study On
energies Case Report Application of Photovoltaic Systems for Agriculture: A Study on the Relationship between Power Generation and Farming for the Improvement of Photovoltaic Applications in Agriculture Jaiyoung Cho 1,* , Sung Min Park 2, A Reum Park 1, On Chan Lee 3, Geemoon Nam 3 and In-Ho Ra 4,* 1 Wongwang Electric Power Co., 243 Haenamhwasan-ro, Haenam-gun 59046, Jeollanamdo, Korea; [email protected] 2 Department of Horticulture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Jeollanamdo, Korea; [email protected] 3 SM Software, 1175, Seokhyeon-dong, Mokposi 58656, Jeollanamdo, Korea; [email protected] (O.C.L.); [email protected] (G.N.) 4 Department of Information and Communication Technology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Jeollabuk-do, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.C.); [email protected] (I.-H.R.); Tel.: +82-62-384-9118 (J.C.); +82-63-469-4697(I.-H.R.) Received: 29 August 2020; Accepted: 11 September 2020; Published: 15 September 2020 Abstract: Agrivoltaic (agriculture–photovoltaic) or solar sharing has gained growing recognition as a promising means of integrating agriculture and solar-energy harvesting. Although this field offers great potential, data on the impact on crop growth and development are insufficient. As such, this study examines the impact of agriculture–photovoltaic farming on crops using energy information and communications technology (ICT). The researched crops were grapes, cultivated land was divided into six sections, photovoltaic panels were installed in three test areas, and not installed in the other three. A 1300 520 mm photovoltaic module was installed on a screen that was designed with a × shading rate of 30%. -
Review of the Development of Thermophotovoltaics
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 REVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THERMOPHOTOVOLTAICS Surya Narrayanan Muthukumar1, Krishnar Raja2, Sagar Mahadik3, Ashwini Thokal4 1,2,3UG Student, Department of Chemical Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India 4Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India ---------------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract:- Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems have 2. PRINCIPLE slowly started gaining traction in the global sustainable energy generation realm. It was earlier believed to be a To understand the working principle of TPVs, let us break flawed method whose energy conversion efficiency was not down the term into three parts: Thermo (meaning Heat), high enough for commercial use. However, in recent times, Photo (meaning Light) and Voltaic (meaning Electricity research has picked up, addressing the need of increasing produced by chemical action). Thus, a Thermophotovoltaic the energy conversion efficiency while making it system uses light to heat up a thermal emitter, which in economically viable for commercial applications. This paper turn emits radiation (Infrared) on a photovoltaic (PV) will throw light on the various advancements in the field of diode to produce electricity. Conventional photovoltaics TPV systems and investigate the potential avenues where exploit only the visible band of solar rays for electricity TPVs may be used in the future. We will also be looking at generation. The visible band contains less than half the the history of development of TPVs so that we may be aware total radiation of solar energy.