REPORT W 84

DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS

TO THE

SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR

WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1903 IXEPORT

OF TRP DIRECTOR OF T1HE CENSUS.

UNITED ~~!ATESCENSUS ~FFICE, TTic1~7,i,r,qto7z,I). (A J~JZL~Y15, 1903. SIR: I have the honor to submit Lhe follo\ving report upon the ol-'eratioas of the Census Oftice For the fisenl year ended dune 30,1903, on which clr~tethe relntions of the Census Office to the I)epnrtment of the Interior cainn to a11 end hy tl-ansier to the juriscliction of the D~partrnealof Commerce and Lnbor, ~ulclortlie pro\~isionsof the act of Congress ngproved Fc1)runry 14, 1903. I took tho oath of oEcc ns tho snccessor of Director William 12. Merrit~111,resi .ned, on the Nth of June last, so that I. hnvc lseen in char e of the Gensns+ OHice 1)ut twenty-three clays of the fisoal year to mhic7 1 this ~eportreli~tes. I lou~ldthe wol.lr of tlie oflic~eprogressing eflicicntly ancl sntisfac- io~ily,nnder the ~?rovisionsoC thc act for the cstnblishu~entof the permanent, Census Oflice, tapproved March (i,1902. The first conlplete jroiLr of operation uncler the law is covered 11y this report.

CLERICAL AND FIELD FORCE. ,Tune 30, 1903, the last day of your jurisilictiou, the employees of the Census Oflice umbered ?tl-7, classified ns follows: Chief clerk, J3dwarc2 McCauley. Chic1 stt~tisticia~lfor pol)nli~tion,William C. T-lunt. Chief stt~tisticimlfor mrtnnfactm.es, Willialn 1\I. Steuart. Chief statistician for zigriculture, Le Grand Powers. Chief statisticia11 for vital statistics, Williai~lA. Icing. Disbursing clerk, John W. Langlejr. Expert chiefs of di~lision...... 4 Slrilled laborers ...... 11 Clerlrs, class 3...... (i TVatchmcn ...... 10 Stenogrq)her ...... 1 Messengers ...... 5 Clerks, class 2...... 10 Aasi,stant lmeauengerfi...... 12 Clerlrs, class 1...... 296 TJ~~slrillecllaborers...... 15 Clerks, $7,000...... 2G3 Charwomen ...... 36 Clerks, $900 ...... 72 There weye also upon the rolls of the CCIISLISOffice 689 s11ecinl k~gents, most of who111 -were employecl teinpora~~ilpin the South for the pus- pose of collectiag statistics of cotton procluction.

% DISBURSEMENTS. The total amount of disburselnellts for the pennnnent Census Ofice during this jrcar was $1,382,996.28, as shonra by the report of the dis- bursing officer of the Census Office, ~vhiohis attached as a11 appendix 3 1903 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS. to this report. TOthis silin slioulcl be aclclecl the ticcounts cllargeal~lt' i against the fiscal yenr encling ,June 30, 1903, which have been 1)l.c- I senteil for l>aymeut, iiulounting to $tjO,485.65, making. since Julp 1, 1903, the total cost for that ye:w $1,343,481.il3. It is estiln~tedtk~:~f; the cost of printing ordcrccl during the s:Lme year, lsnt according B inforination ol)tainecl froin the Government Printing Oflice, not beyxu1 until aftcr the encl of tllc year, arid therefore charget~blcto the al>prc)- priation for the fiscal year ending June 80, 1904, will 1)e about $70,000. The total cost of the C.lensus Oflice froni its orgallixation l~nclrrthe ac.6 of March 3,1899, to the close of the last fiscal ye:Lr wns $13,116,439.27. The cost of carrying on the, work. of the oflice for the fiscal ye:L1' covered by this report was $409,868.39 less than the appropriatiotls available for that purpose. Urlder the l~rovisionsof the act to sup1)l.y~ cloficiencies in the al3propriations for the liscd year eliding June :3(1, 1903, approvecl March 3, 1903, as construecl ancl iliterls~-~tcclI)g tilts Attorney-General of the United States, at your request, the whole cjt' this unexpenclecl balance is available for gcnernl ccnsus purposcs dnring the fiscal year ending June 30, 1904. Aclcling this unexpeactccl balance to thc regular nl~propri:~tionvotccl by Congress for the toll- claet of the Census O.ffice for the cnrrent fiscal year, $1,183,260 (whit-11 incl~tdesthe allotmerit of $250,000 in the appropriation for public: printing and bincling for that year), we have the total ~11111r~vailnl)lc? for th3 purpose of $1,585,528.29 or $242,046.36 in excess of the tott~1 expenclit~~resfor the fiscal yea]. encling J~ule30, 1903. ,

The act of Congress uncler which the Twelfth Census was fz~l<(?il recluirecl that the reports relating to the four main sn1)jccls of ccns~ts inquiry-population, agriculture, manufnct~u.es,ancl vital statistics--- shonlcl be col~lpletecland published on or before July 1, 1908; nltd 111;~ predecessor, in his last annual report to you, was able to inalre tlic?~ gmtifying announcement that this pro~~isioiiof the law had been SILL>- staritialljr compliccl with. The schcdulcs of thc Twelfth Census, lio-\v- ever, col~taina great den1 of va1ual)lc nncl intcresting data collcctc?ci in accordsnce with tho law, tlie co~nl?lelecompilation and pul.)lic:~tii~~~ of which was physically impossible m~ithiu,the t,illlc lilrlit above rcfel~l,ocl to. The inforn~t~tioncomprisecl in tliese data is clesirccl hy the pnl)lie, aiicl its r)11blict~fiorlis cssrntinl to a perfect ceiisus; the LXrector accorrl- ingly orclered its compilation, Work nl)on these sul~plemantalrepol-ts of the Twelfth Censncl has been continued throughout the iiscal ycs~l-, chief y in the division of population, under Mr. Wjlliani C. Hlln t, ch it? L! stalislician. One of the most iiilportatlt lines of snpplemeatsl investigat,ion it) this clivision lias been the preparation of n rel~ortou occu~~ntions(con- taining statistics in the ~naill reselnbling those pycscntcd for tlzcs Elevclnth Census), which is now nearing complelion and mill be pu1)- lished clnring tlie present year. The statistics of occupations appearing in the luain report 011 po1)rr- lation were limited to tables presenting clctnils for the Unitccl Stntcs @ ancl for each state ancl territory, :~ndconclensecl facts for principcrl cities, concerning the nnmber of males ancl feillales 10years of age 811~1 over cngi~gcclin cacll specified occupation ancl in each of thc five ~nnill groups of occnptttions. In the supplemental report abont to be pn1,- RICPOnT OF TI-IE DILtECTOR OF THE CENSUS. 5

liphecl will ILP~JCIL~the cletniled classiiicatiou of persons engagccl in gainful occuptbtions in 1900, ~~c~orcling.to g~~~eral n~fivity, ~olor, age, conjugal condition, parcnb~ge,aud ino~ithsnnen~ployrd. Thc general tal)lcs of this report are now in type and occupy 763 l)ng.cn. The grci~lcrportion of this spncc is clevotecl to two ti~hles,Nos. 4.1 r$) and 43, the formo~.1.elating to states arid territories :~uclthc latter to cities h:lviiig n population of 50,000 and nl~marcl. Tliesc tables together occnl~y4-88 pages. They prrsriit in clctail ligurcs for e:~ch sex scpa- rntely, a~iclthc nurilber of worlcers in the pri~ici~s~loc~c~~patiori )I OLI~S, elassiiied soccessi\lely hj. general ontivity, i:olor, iige, colijugt$iondi- tion, paro~ilnge,ancl l~erioclof i~o~ieil~ploy~l~e~it. The clivisioll has also been engaged in the fturthcr rc~ificnlionalld tabultttion 01' the stntistice derived i'ro~llthe :l.usmers to the taro inquiries on tlie l,opulatioii schecl~~lerelative to the nnnlbcr of cllilclrcn boru aild the nnmbcr living at the tilne of taking tlic census in June, 1!400. Siii~ilarii~forniation was coll~?cledat the caensnsof 1890, hut it was not ta1)ulatecl on accouill of the teiiipornry o~gnniz~tionof tllc office, which ~racticallymcnt out of existeilcc early i11 18!-15, following tho pnblicn- tion of the general results of the Eleventh Census. This worlr relalive lo chililrcil born and living IL~tlie Twelfth Cen- sus, in sccordancc with tl~cplan now being lollowecl, contemplates the limitation of the tnbulaliol~s,first, to 111arried wolllen 110th of vhosc parents weye born in the snnlc county R~IC~1v110se l~~sbn~iclswere livii~g with theill at the time the census was hkcn, because the census cioes not enixmcrate pcrsons tvhere they nse " prcscnt" hut at their nsunl place of abode, so that husband and wife were eni[memted as a part of the sanic census fgtmily; second, to a suhclivision of this class of women according to (a) color (white or blaclr), (7,) geaernl nativity (native or foreign born), (c) pnrenlagc (both pareuts born in tlie U~iileclStates or in 1 of 19 foreign countries), (d) nalivitj~nncl parentngc of hnsb~ad (same nativity aiid pnrentnye as ~llile),(8) t~gcof wife (quincyucnni~l period), ancl (f) cli~r:~tior~of marringe (n~unherof years married to prese~lthushand); and third, to n tahulntion for cacll of these groups accorcling to the number of children born aucl living. Tlic sorting of the carcls in numerical orcler by enrnlleratio~~districts, preparatory to the ~vorlrof transcription (by p~ullolling)c~lrcacly out- linccl, invol~~csthe succcssi.ire hnndling of about lR,i301),000 cards nccorcling to et~ohof the gang-punch "fielcls )' nncl by card uumbcrs, ancl of this work very iicnrlg foul.-fifths has l~eencompleted. A conside~~ahleforce of the division of popalntion was employecl, particularly in thc earlier niollths of the iiscnl gcar, in :L genesst1 revisioii of the posting sheets from which were clerivecl bhc tabular presentation includecl it1 the Iteport on Population, in order not 0111~7 to condense lnnttcr that inust bc retainecl as a part of the perlllaaent records, but also to 111alre it pel-missiblc to clestro~rn large nuliil~erof restzlt slips which otherwise wo~llclhave to be stored a~iclcared for.

STREET AND ELBGTltIC RAILWAYS. The division of manufactures, of which Mr. William M. Ste~~art became chief stat is ti cia^^ on niy resignatioii of that oflice on the 1st of Mstrcl~last, has bee11 chielly engagecl d~lringthe year in the prep- r aration of certain of the special reports authorized by seotioli 7 of the act for the cstablishmeat of the perilznnellt Censns Officc. A pre- 1903 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS. limiuary bulletii~on Street arid Electric Bailways has already been issued, to bc followed in the fall by a conlpletc report. This report covers the fiscal year endccl June 30, 1902. Thcrc wcre then 817 operating street and clect~icrailways in cxistcncc and also 170 lessor companies, mttlring a lotal of $187 companies froni which sclleclilles wcre receivecl. Thcse statistics present in cletnil the clescription of the physical equipment of each railway; also the capital stock, fundecl clebt, cost of operation, maintenance, income, ctc.

NINE8 AND QUARRIES. The clivision has been engaged sjncc Bebi*uaryin the field work of the census ol nliiles ~ildclnnrries. This census has been conducted in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey, mhich collects and publishes annually thc statisti~sof the proclhction of tlic different minerals. The special agcnts of the Survey ancl Ccusus Ofice hitvc bee11 ~vorkingtogether in tlic collcction of these statistics, and tlle fielcl work is now practically conlplctecl. Rctnrns hare been receivecl froill 22,061 mines and quarries, of -which 15,62.4 :we for mines a1lc1 q~larrics in active operation cluriog 1902. The examination ancl correctioll of the scheclules have been carried on siii~ultancouslywith their collection. The tabulation of the mining ancl cluarrying statistics will shortly bc under wtty, and the report should be pnblishecl before the close of the present cdcnclar gear.

ELECTI-110 ZIGT-IT AND POWER PLANTS. Simultaneously wit11 this worlr: the ficlcl work for the special Report on ElectricLight arid Power Plants has been complctecl. lieturns wcre secured from 3,741 lants of this character, mhich present, in detail, st~tisticssimilar to t\ ose for street ancl electric railways, The returns have all been tabulated, and the report will soon be reacly for publica- tion in bulletin forni, A ~pclateclinquiry is that concerning police patrol and fire alarm telegraph#, reports from 700 cities in which these systems prevail Ilaviug been recelvecl and preparccl for tabulation. The relatecl report upoll telephone and telcgmph conipanies is also under way. These several inquiries will occupy the divisio~iof manu- factures during the greater part of the coming fiscal year; ancl another inquiry-that on transporlation by water-has been assignecl to this clivision, and will be undertalren as soon as practical~le.

EMPLOYEES AND WAGES. The divisioi~has also comldetecl, cluring. the year, a special Keport on Enlployecs and Wages in nlsuinfaoluring establishments, uncler the su~ervisioaof Dr. Davis It. Dewey, ex~crtspecial agent, of the Mas- sachusetts Irlstitute of Technology, Boston, Mass. This spccial report JVRS ordered by 11137 >recleccssor, upon my recom~ncnclation,after the fact had clevelopecl t !iat thc statistics of maiinfacti~reslor the Twelfth Censlxs, as talren upon the scheclule prepared for that census, t~nclby the methods which nlust govern a general census, ail'orderl 110 tl-ust- worthy indicatioll of the actual trcncl of wages in manufacturing between ceusw years 1800 ancl 1900, It was believed that thc pnblic expectecl from the census definite and trustworthy illformation on this 1903 REPORT OF TEE DIRECTOR OF THE OENSUS. subject, :~ndit mas fo~mcltht~t it was possible to furnish such infonna- ti011 only by the use of a special scheclulc, and by its applicatioll to t,ypical establishillollts in the several branches of inclustry located in the difl'erent sections of the co~uitry. The report coi~tainsstntistics of the n~unbcrof cmployces rccciviilg spocifiecl claily, hourly, ancl we~lrlyrates of pay. Thc tables :wc com- ~arativc,ailcl are bnsecl upon ~LC~LIR~transcripts from the pay rolls of rep~lcsei~tativeestablishments for tlie yews 1890 rind 1900. Tho sta- tistics are classifiocl according to occup:itions aid localities, thc corn- ~arisonsbeing llincle for tho pnrposc of showing the increase or decrease in the n~u111bcrcniployecl at specificcl rates of p:~,yfor the salve occupation in cliffcre~~tlocnlities. Large tables, occupj~irigabout 1,100 pagcs are now it1 type t~riclthe nnt~ljr~isis in ~nanuscript. The report will l~ep1*ii?ted nrlcl reacly for distribution carly in the month of Octo- ber, 1903. The treatment of thcse colnparativc pay rolls I)J'Dr. Dewey is novel in charwctcr, aocl it is 1)elicvctcl that the rcsnlts mill 1)e found lnuch more satisfactory aricl coaclusive ths~iiany which have ever before been obtained by a ccns~xsof manufactnrcs. The materiwl has bceii collected ill such form that it will be possible to continuo the investigntioll along the identical lines in 1905 ancl at snbseclucnt censuses, in such a inanner as will makc tho report a scicntilic barometer of the rise arid fall of wages it1 the prii~cilx~lmnnuf acturing inilustries from clectlclc to decacle.

COTTON I~ItODUCTION. Aaotlier branch of ~vorlriutrustecl to'tllis division has be011 tlie col- lection of the statistics of tho cluautitg of cotton ginnecl in the United Statcs fro111 the crop of 1902, in nccorclt~nccwith thc revisions of sectiori 9 of the act esttlblishing thc pwinanent Census 8ffice. Corn- pliance with this provision of law has recl~riredthc employ~ilentof 620 local spccial agents, located in as mimy couutics througl~outthe cotton- growing states, and also a eonsicleral~leofice force. Three bulletins were issued during the cotton-ginning season. The first covered the cottoil ginnecl up to October 18, the secoilcl to Dcccinber 13, ad the third the quantity gilinecl froin the entire growth of 1902. In addition to thc collectioi~of the stntistics the fielcl ancl office force pcrfectecl the official list of ginneries, which now contains thc names of 36,753 gins, of mhich 30,948 werc active cluring the sctisoil ofl902. The collection + of these statistics recl~xireclthat lhree rcports shoulcl bc obtailiccl from each of these gins, making a total of 99 844 reports, which were ob- tained by rL personal visit to each pin.L%he rrlpiclity ivith which this vast number of reports xras sec~~recl,tr;~nbinitte~l to the Census Office, tal~~~latecl,acldeci, nncl the results made public, is an ii~clicntioi~of tllc perfection of tho nlachinery for tho collection of stntistics of this

character. I The cost of the field service rcquirccl in this inquiry lor the sc:lson of 1902 mas $58,080. For the crop season of 1903 five reports are conte~~~plntcd,RIIC~ the cost of the scrvicc mill this ycnr be inclbeased accorclingly, and will reach approximately $97,500. 111 vicm of the enormous inlportmce of the cotton crop, aild tho aclvantagc to planters and consulners which colilcs fro111 early and nccuriite inform?tion as Y to the size of the crop, it is believocl that this annual cxpencllture on the part of the Govcriimeat is warrantccl. The Census Office wa 1903 ,REPORT OF THE DIIZEOTOR OF THE: CBNSUS. enabled, by its perfected machiuery, to give the public: :la accurate and final state~uentof the size of llle crop of 1!102 as early iks April 1 of tl~cpresent year, ~vhichJBRS five nlonth,.;earlier than this inlljortnnt iniornitttioll has c-fer bcfo~*cheen t~railablcfl-0111 ally ooln~llercial sonrce. Its important bearill upon the cotton market, in :L senson of SLIC~unusl~nl activity as that tf rougll which nre have plssecl this y~r, is ap1?are11t. TVEAI,TII, DEBT, AND TAXATION. Tbc agrjculturxl cli~~isio~~oi' the office, nnder tlie direction of MY. Le Grand Powers, chief statistician, has been chicfly engagecl, since thc completion of the report on agricult~~re,in the geuer:~linvestigation relating to wealtl~,debt, and taxation, authorized by section 7 of thc census act. The pla~lsof tllc clivision conte~nplatethe coillpletion of this great and iinl?oi-tant statistical worlr in abont three years' time. During the l~astyear the general sche~nefor the work has been planned, the schedules bave been prepared, ancl a substantial beginning has becn 111ac1c in the collectio~lof the st:ltistics. Since April I a field force of abont 50 clerks nnd special agents has been at morir collecting the statistics of public receipts, expenditiures, assessments, and taxation. This l'orce has heen ii~c~eascdsince July 1 to about 80 agents, nncl it is expected that the greater portion of the field work will be colllpleted during the ll~oilthof November next. The results will he ta1111latcd and presented fro111 time to time in the two years following. The division has also employecl about 90 clerks in carqri~igout the pi'ovisio~sof joint resolution (TI. R, Res. 182) passed at the first session of the Fifty-seventh Coagress. This resolutioa authorized the Dircctor 01 the Cellsus to co~i~pleteand bring up to dato of the crop year of 1902 the statistics relating to irrigation, the areit of land reclaimedl the cost and value of the morlr, and 8uch other information as can be obtained bearing upon the present conditio~lof irrigation. The report on irrigation is nearly completecl ancl the results will be embodied in a special bulletin to l)e issued in October. An important featare of the work of this clivision has been a special i~lrestigationordei'cd by Director J'Ierriam reviewing curcfnlljr the results of the census of agricultnre, with several objects in ricm. The iavestigation sought to ascertain if nlethods can not be devised for sl~orteningthe ti~ilereyui1-cd for tfibnlatingaucl )resenting the resulk of the agricnltural census. It rtlso sought to renc1 1 clefinitc conclnsions ns to the margin of crror under esietin methods in tho agricultnml statistics of the census. It is expectecB that the results of this specid investigation will be erilbodied iu a bullctil~to be issued during the currcat ycttr.

13IRl'HS AND DEATITS IN REGISTHATION AREAS. Provision wns illade in the original census act of March 3, 1899 for furtller reports concerning births and deaths in registration tlreas, subsequent to the regular Twelfth Census report, and scction 8 of the act of Mal.cI1 6, 1002 directed that these statistics should be collected annuallj~,the data to be obtaiued from the records of such states and cities as lnnintained n satisfactory systelll of registration. Both of these acts autl-iorized the Director to clecicle what areas should be 1903 IZEPSR?' OF THS DIRECTOR OF THE UENSUS.

inclucled. As the reo*istrution of births is too clefec+,i\-e to supply suffi- ciently complete andaacc.unbtc. dab, it \v:ls clrcicl~~clthat tlie reports to bc l~repc~reclshould bc linritcd for tho 1)1~csentto mortality statistics. The clivisioil of vital statistics, 111ider the direction of Mr. Willianl A. @ Icing, lin* liad iulinediate clrarge of tbis \vorIr and has nrdc imporkknL and interesting progress. Th6 collection of statistics 11yon this subject is ntte~rdodwith con- siderable diffioultjr. Few states possess eflccti~reregistration laws, ancl those laws which arc in operiltjon differ widely in scope ~~rldrequire- ment. The resulting variations in returns, tho clcl:~y~'s,and tbe lack of ~ulifor~nityin ~uethoclsof local aclministration, ha~~e~llacle it alnlost i~iipossiblefor the Census Office to secixrc either proilipt resl~ousesor colnparnble returns. As the reqnirenlcnt for :kunual reports upon births ancl deaths in registratioll areas contained in tho act creating the permanent Census Office mucle pronipt, uniform. and accurhztc returns a necessity, the Census Ofice has been ro~npclleclto take the lend in a lnoveiliellt for tllc estelision of 1.egiutwtion areas, for impro~~emcntin recorcls nncl methods, ancl for greater uniformity. In conj~unctionwith the committee on cleniogrnphy of the Ameri- can Public I-Icalth Association, a circular mas prepared outlining the essential features of a11 effective law for the registration of clet~ths,as a guicle for future legislation; the " iaternational classification of causes of death," recolliillended by the International Congress of I3ygicne rtnd Demography, and zlcloptecl by nlost of the registr:~tionstates alid oi ties was recommended for llie a111iud reports, ancl a nianu:~lwas pre- ~aredancl pu~blislied giving a descriptioli of the titles and a colnplete inclex co~~eriagnct~rly 2,000,000 cases reportcd at the censuses of 1880, 1890, and ln00, showing under which title each case reporled shoulcl be couipiled. To enlist the support and assistance of the pronlillent org.:~nizations most interested in these statistics, resolutions were preparecl nliil pre- sented to the American Public I-Iealth Association, and were aclopted. The American Medical Associatioil and the conference of state aiicl proviucial boards of health approved the ~noveilientbegun by this office to promote the extension of regi~truti~~lancl to seculneunif oriliity in results, and coirllnittces wore appointecl by ench of these boclies to coo~eratewith this oflticc aucl will1 each other for the same purpose. A resolutioli mas also drafted mil )rcsentecl to Congress appro\ring the illoreme~ltand recluesting the fluvorablc coilsideratioll and action of state authorities to the end that the United Fjttktes may attain a com- plete and u~iifo~n~sy stell1 of registration." This resolution was aclopted by Congress ancl was a )proved by thc Presiclent, February 11,1903. The Census Office th en issuecl R, pamphlet entitled " Legislative IXeqnirements for Registration of Vital Statietics." This was sent to the governors of all states which do not have effective laws 011 the subject, and elicited numerous replies indicating a purpose to rec- ommend legislrttion. Three other pamphlets designed to advance the ~liovellie~ltfor nni- formity were preparecl and have been publishecl by this office: " Pmc- 9 ticd Registration Methocls," clesigncd for the instruction and use of local registrars, to 5,280 of whom it tvns dispatched; " The Relation of Physicians to Mortality Statistics," sent already to 66,714 physi- cians; and "Medicd Education in Vital Statistics,') sent to every medical college and school in the country. 1903 ' '8 REPORT OP THE DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS. In consequeace of tllis lnovellicnt for .~uiiformityniostof the registra- tion states ailcl lnaily of the cities hare already nclopted the "standard certificste"; many others havc exl~ressedtheir intention of aclopting it, together wit11 other suggestions as to iml~roveinei~tin inetliods, as soon as pmcticnble. In several states ameadments to cxistilig laws that lvill have a most beileficial effect have been sec~~rcdin accoyclance with s~~ggestiollsmncle. In the nleantime thc collection of the clata for the annual re ,arts, through trallscripts of the registration records, has beell csrricct 011. Ore~tclifficultg mas experienced in obtaining colnpletc an~lproinpt returns from many places, pt~rticul~rlyfroill the sm~11eroitics. It mas fouiid inipossil)le to sccnrs full retur~~sBronl the booB records usually kept hy local officers, and the inasi~~l~m~rntc of conipcllsntion for transcril~tionallowecl by the ceusus law (9 co~ltsper ilnuio), in lnalig cases proved insufficient to incluce tlie officials to go l~chindtho book records nlld supply the data requirecl from the original certifick~tcs. I11 ordcr to inalrc the allnual mortality reports of the greatest pos- sible value, the Census OEce i~sec~uring the opinions of experts con- cerning the scol~cof the reports ancl the fonus of tabulated stntistics. \777hei~these impo~trtntpreliiniilaries liave been settled the co~llpilntion cttil ~roceedrspidly. The reti~rnsfor the cale~lclaryear 1900 were all in hand nt the beginniag of tlie year, and woslc nl)o11 the report for this year wi~s comi~iei~oedearly in July, 1902. These retnras have been conlpr~recl for cl~~plicntions,transfers liave been macle, the cases eclitccl, nncl the cards p~mclled. Exclucling stillbirths, which are not colnpilccl as deaths, thc n~unberof cleaths representccl is 539,939. After pui~(~hi~lg', the carcls were verifiod by a 1.~111 on the nutoiuatic nit~chiue,and sub- sequently, .by a cornparis011 wit11 the transcript. The use of the automatic tabulating machine facilitates the counting of the cuds to such a clegree that it mas detcrinincd to run the cards over nnd over again aucl to obtttin by this process the aggregate tables that linve been heretofore secured by n " hancl consoliclation" (that is, by ilrawing off the fignros froin one result slip after another ancl aclding the columns). A test was macle of the coml3arative time ailcl cost of sec~luiagaggregate tables in this way, ancl it was founcl that results which, as securecl by hancl-consolidntion worlr in the preparation of certain tables for the regular census report, actually required 36,600 hours of work, or the equivnlent of three me11 for tivc years and five months, and costing $14,645, coulcl be performed by three man rising three automatic machines in 630 hours, or ahout three months, nucl nt , a total cost of $4,382, or in about one-twentieth of tile time, nncl for about oiie-thircl of the cost. I11 p~~rsuanceof this plan, thc cslrils have heen comltecl and rcuountecl on the machilics for eight cliffercnt forl~isof result slil~s,the aggre- g'ate 11~1rnk)crof cnrcls coontecl being 7,391,128. The lllachinc worlrr for all thc tabulations involving the whole number oS 1,110 cn~clsusecl in colllpiliilg the first report has been con1 ~letecl,leaving, unfinished 0111~the occu111ntion ancl other cletnils, which reclni~ethe hanclling of but a part of the carcls. The-returns for 1901 are now heing contparr:cl nncl cditccl. A complete card iacles, inclucling cross refcre~lces of causes of dct~th,clns~ifiecl in accordance with the interllational classifica,tion, was pre lared for reference in future cases. This list comprises 28,152 carcI s, a~ldlnnkes 435 pages 01 closely tyllew~~ittenmatter. 1903 -1 94 REPORT OF TEE DIRECTTOR OF THE CENSUS. 11

OTHER BRANCHES OF WORTC.

The worlc of the division of mctllocls and results claring tho ~CRS com~riseclthree distinct bmnches: 1. The ecliting of all matter publisliccl k)jr Lhe Ccnsns OHice, the 'reading of proofs, and the supervision of printing. This work inclucles the careful ecliting of copy, the reading. mld correcting of proofs, the deterlr~inationof cluestio~isof style ancl typography, the chcckiag of exl~enclitui-esfor printing, as ~vollas the oversight and clirection of the inovenlent of matter in process of publication. The printing reclnirecl in cenws work is very extensive, the appro- priation for the coming year heiny $250,000. The n~oroimportaut nnd expensive part ol the morlc is nnturally Lhe publication of the celisus reports ailcl bulletins. Bnt the nlisce1lanoous pri~ltingis larae in nll~ountnnrl varicd and exaclilig in character, inclading not the forms, blankcj, sncl lctter heads ordinarily used in thc routine worlr of a large office, but also the elnbori~teschecll~lcs of inquiry, the oircu- lar letters, the instructions to special agents, thc tabu1:ition sheets, and . similar forms required for the conduct of the special investigations assigned by Congress to this oEcc. 2. 'rhe prel~arationof a, report presenting a correlation and analysis of somc of the morc important results of the Twelfth Census. This work is a furthcr interpretation of statistics alreacly published. Its aim is to carry on the discilvsions of the ~leveraltopics from the points where they have been lcf t by the writers of thc main census reports, and to bring into coiineotion, where. tl~utlias not already been done, the results stated in the se aratc lneports,rnalzirig international com- l~ariso~sin those cases wlereP they are safe and enligbtoning, and presenting tho whole from a fresh stanclpoillt with those cliBmences of treatment naturally resulting fro111 a diflorent authorship. Tliis report is being prepared uncler the direction of I'rof. Walter I?. XTillcox, of Cornell Univevsity. Two chapters have already been published in bulletin fonn, the one (Twelfth Cens~lsBulletin No. 149) being. lz dis- cussion of ares ancl population, and thc other (Census B~llletiil4) a cliscussion of increase ol population. 3. Preparation of the Abstract of thc Twelfth Census, The Abstract is an epitotne or cligest of the contents of the 10 volumes of the Twelfth Census, ancl is desi .ncd for the use of the gellcral public who may not have access to t?, e main volumes, or nluy fincl this digest more convellicrlt for ready reference. This work was prepared under the supervisioli of a coii~rnittceconsisting of the present Dil-ector, at that time chief statistician for the division of ~nannfnctures,Prof. TValLer I?. \Tillcox, and Mr. I-Ienry Gannett. The Abstract was pub- lishecl in November, 1902. An ,edition of 35,000 copies was piinted. It is proposecl to incol-porate in later cclitions of thc Abstract the results of the special investigations upon which the Census Ofico is 11ow engaged, in co~npliancewith the provisions of section 7 of the act to cstablisl~a pertllnlienti Census Office. No puhlication similar to the Compendiiuli of tho Eleventh Census is col~templated. It is helievecl that the Abstract contains in a nluch more convenient form all tho statistical material recluired for orclinary use. The geographical dirision has been principally en~plo~eclin the prep- aration of a Statistical Atlas of the United Statcs at the Twelfth Cen- si~s. This atlas is now in tlle Goven~mentPrinting Ofice, nnd will be publishecl cluriiig the month of September. It corresponds to the 895% 1EEPORT OF THY DIIEECTOE OF THIE OENSUS. Statistical Atlas of the Ninth ancl Eleyeuth censuses, I)ut is quarto iu form, uniform ill size wit11 the I0 volumes of 1nt~i111.cl)orts. The geographical distribution of the populntion was com1)ilod in this division, nnd Bullctin 1 (Ilein the first bulletin of the pcrluzulrnt census Office) was issued Marc7 1 3, 11)03. The cli\~isioiialso coliipilecl data fro111 the eriunlerators' act~onntsof the Twelfth Census, sho.iving thc average earnings of each enumerator, tlie total mount oxl)encled in per diem ancl per cnpita clistricts, ancl the amoiult paid in per capita districts for each of the four branches of the e~iumeretiori. Other work which occupied Ihc cli~isionwas the computing of tlle areas ol' cotultics, the arranging t~ndindexing of the records :~ndschedules of the Ele~renth Census, trtuisferred to this office from the Departllierit of the? Interior, and other worlr of a miscel1,zneous character. The mailing division has 11,zcl chargc of the distribution of ill1 of the cellsus publications. Since thc organization of tho oflice t1lei.e haye been distrihutccl 3,692,638 copies of bulletins, contair~ii~gr~clvt~nce infornlntion of ccnsus results. Of the final reports of thc Twclltll Census, an average of :~bont11,000 copies of each volu~nc1l:~rc I)een clistributed, t~nclof the Abstract about 25,000 copics. Attached to this report is the Gnancial statement of John W. bang- ' ley, clisbnrsing clerk, ancl also a statcmcnt (Appenclix 13) showing the distribiltion of the cost of the oflice hetween the several clivisions. Rcspcctfnlly submitted, S. N. D. NORTH,Di~~ecloi: The SECRETARYOF THE INTERIOR.

Beport qf Jolin Tir. Lal~glcy,di.sbrivsing clerk of the Ceri8zrs Ofice, showitrg ~.~.l~i~r~dilri~esof the perrna?~oltCensus Qfice foi. lkrficnl yeay cuded Jlrnc 30, 1903, nntI lire unr.t:l~e?ztlecl bnln~~ceof the app~~cq)vialioi~also the estinlntcd amouut tllal ?oil1 q-ernain to tlte c~edit of snit1 crpp?ol)?sialio~~c(f1er pa!lmer?t of ctll linbilitics incui.).cfl prio?, lo ,Izirle 30, 1903. Uiiexpetlded balance of appropdation as shown 11y Appeudix B to the report of the Director of the Ceiisuv to the Secretary of the Iilterior under date of Nove~nber1, 1902 ...... $1,747,334.76 l'ay~nerlts chargeable against tlle fiscal year 1902, macle subsequent to (late of report above mentionecl...... 1,667.53 9 1, 745,687.22 Receipts during fiscal year 1903 from sale of transcripts of cellstis records ...... 83.00

Total a~nou~~tavailable for expenses of the fiscal year 1903.. ... I, 745,760.22 Paylneiits chargeable against the Ascal yenr 1903: By disbursing clerk ...... $1, 274,544.44 Auditor for the Interior Department: Transportation accounts ...... 8,336. 04 @ f-3 Telegraphic accou~lts...... 115.80 - 1,282,998.28 ---- k 1903 REPORT OF TIIE DIRECTOR 06 'L'HE CENSUS.

Unesl)elldetl l~alailceoC approl)l,iatioli on June YO, 190S ...... $46'2, 763.9-1: ACCOU~I~Xr1it~rpc2al~le agaiilst the fiscal year ellcling June 80, 190:l, pait1 rul)teqaent to July 1,1!lOY...... 211,761.03 482,992.01 At3cnmlts clri~lgeal~leagfiinst the fisc:~1year encling June YO, l!lOS, ill Iialltls of Jisbursillg rslerk, but 110t yet 1,aicl ...... - SO, 724. 62 Bitlailrc of np1)ropriation asailable for fiscal year entliilg June 30,1904...... 402,268.29

I'aylilellts by Jollll \B. Lanpley, disbursing clerk, Cellstis Ofice: Amounts not c1i;~rgeabloby divisioils \inc~lnili~igall tlisbursenlents for lun~iturc.ant1 littings, rcat, print~l~g,and stt~tionery)...... $193,791. 35 Billninirtratioq divisions ft ...... 184,865. 80 I'opulatioll tlivlsioil...... 184,760.25 Vital statistic8 clivi~iol~...... 94,583, 73 Malinfactu~~esrliyisioii ...... 386,074.19 Agricultord divisioil ...... 148,337.95 &Icthocls and rrrclilts tlivision...... 72,146.14 1,274,585.41 Les~disallowances collcctecl...... 40.97 Total p:%ylnants by tlisbursing clerk...... 1,274,544.44 Pay~nentsljy the Auditor lor the Illterinr Degartment: Tiansl)o~tationncconi?tp-- ~Zanofactnresdivls~on ...... $5,308. I I Agricultural division ...... 2,856.03 Vitnl statisti~s(livisioli ...... 101. RO ddlninistmtion tlivisions...... 10.00 8,336.0.1: r1elegral)llic. 7 acco~ult?r...... --115.80 Total ~i~yfi~outsclla~.geable against the fiscal year ending J~ule 30, 1903 ...... 1,282,996.28 __ _-- - (1 ",ltl~rrii~islrciLiontlivisioas " inclntles the following: J)irertor's office, cl~iefclerlr's oilice, nppoilitn~c~ltclivirion, disljursing nfiice, gengrtt~)l~irddivisioil, cli~isionof car- ro~pondei~ceant1 111ai1,RIIL~ clirisioll of publirat~ons.