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Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Awash Basin Authority Melka Werer, Ethiopia

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Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Awash Basin Authority Melka Werer, Ethiopia The Study of Charge Setting for Water Use and Treated Wastewater Discharge Social Analysis- Final Report Submitted to Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Awash Basin Authority Melka Werer, Ethiopia Prepared By School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Addis Ababa Institute of Technology (AAiT) Addis Ababa University P. O. Box. 385, Addis Ababa, Tel. + 251- 111-232437 October, 2018 Addis Ababa The Study of Water Use and Wastewater Discharge Charge WP1: Social Prepared by: 1. Dr. Woldeab Teshome 2. Dr. Tesfaye Zeleke 3. Ato Asabneh Molla 4. Ato Tariku Ayele Approved by: Dr. Geremew Sahilu Page | i The Study of Water Use and Wastewater Discharge Charge WP1: Social Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... ii Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables .............................................................................................................................................. vi List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ vii Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... viii 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem Statement and Justification of the Study ........................................................ 4 1.3 Terms of Reference ................................................................................................................. 7 1.4 Objective of the Study ........................................................................................................... 7 2 Literature Review ............................................................................................................................. 8 2.1 An Overview of Water Charge Setting .............................................................................. 8 2.2 Issues to be Considered while Setting Water Charge ................................................... 8 2.3 Lessons from other Countries .............................................................................................. 10 2.4 Water Charge in Ethiopian Context ................................................................................. 11 3 Methods ............................................................................................................................................ 13 3.1 Description of the Awash River Basin ............................................................................... 13 3.2 Conceptual Framework of the Water Charge Setting ............................................... 16 3.2.1 Water Consciousness .................................................................................................... 18 3.2.2 Economic Efficiency ..................................................................................................... 18 3.2.3 Financial Sustainability .................................................................................................. 18 3.2.4 Social Concerns ............................................................................................................. 19 Page | ii The Study of Water Use and Wastewater Discharge Charge WP1: Social 3.2.5 Governance of Water Charge .................................................................................. 20 3.2.6 Environmental Concern (Water Security) ............................................................... 21 3.3 Method of Data Collection and Analysis ....................................................................... 21 3.3.1 Methods of Study ........................................................................................................... 23 3.4 Data Collection Instruments ............................................................................................... 24 3.5 Sampling ................................................................................................................................... 25 3.5.1 Sampling for Irrigation ................................................................................................... 25 3.5.2 Sampling for Domestic and Non-Domestic Water Supply ................................. 29 3.5.3 Sampling For Industrial Water Use and Treated Wastewater Discharge ....... 30 3.5.4 Sampling for Hydropower, Recreation and Aquaculture .................................. 31 3.6 Field Work and Data Collection ........................................................................................ 32 3.6.1 Fieldwork for Irrigation Team ....................................................................................... 33 3.6.2 Fieldwork for Domestic and non-domestic water supply ................................... 33 3.6.3 Fieldwork for Industrial Water Use and Treated Wastewater Discharge ........ 33 3.6.4 Fieldwork for Hydropower, Recreation and Aquaculture .................................. 33 3.7 Method of Data Analysis ..................................................................................................... 34 4 Findings, Analysis and Discussions ............................................................................................. 34 4.1 Irrigation .................................................................................................................................... 34 4.1.1 Water Consciousness .................................................................................................... 34 4.1.2 Social Concern ............................................................................................................... 44 4.1.3 Impacts of Introducing Water Charge .................................................................... 46 4.1.4 Mitigation of Negative impacts ................................................................................. 48 4.1.5 Environmental Concern ............................................................................................... 48 4.1.6 Conclusion and Recommendation .......................................................................... 49 Page | iii The Study of Water Use and Wastewater Discharge Charge WP1: Social 4.2 Domestic and Non-Domestic Water Abstractions and Charge Setting ................ 50 4.2.1 Water Consciousness .................................................................................................... 52 4.2.2 Social Concerns ............................................................................................................. 62 4.2.3 Impacts of Introduction of Water Charge .............................................................. 64 4.2.4 Mitigation of Negative Impacts ................................................................................. 66 4.2.5 Environmental Concerns of Domestic and Non-Domestic Water Supply ..... 68 4.2.6 Conclusions and Recommendations....................................................................... 71 4.3 Treated Waste Water Discharge and its Charge Setting ........................................... 73 4.3.1 Water Consciousness .................................................................................................... 74 4.3.2 Social Concerns ............................................................................................................. 85 4.3.3 Impacts of Introducing Water Charge .................................................................... 89 4.3.4 Mitigation of Negative Impacts ................................................................................. 89 4.3.5 Environmental Concerns ............................................................................................. 90 4.3.6 Conclusions and Recommendations....................................................................... 92 4.4 Hydropower, Recreation and Aquaculture ................................................................... 95 4.4.1 Hydropower ..................................................................................................................... 95 4.4.2 Recreation ....................................................................................................................... 97 4.4.3 Aquaculture .................................................................................................................... 99 4.4.4 Mitigation of Negative Impacts ............................................................................... 104 4.4.5 Concluding Remarks and Recommendations.................................................... 104 5. Key Strategy to Create Awareness among Water Abstractors on the Implementation of Water Charge in Awash Basin .............................................................................................................................. 105 References ............................................................................................................................................. 113 Annex .....................................................................................................................................................
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